US1264307A - Composition for making waterproof and fireproof roofs, &c. - Google Patents

Description

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To all whom z'tma'y concern:

Be it known that I, WILHELM A. KoHNoKn, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Lewistown, county of Fulton, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Composition for Making Waterproof and Fireproof Roofs, &c., of which the following is a specification.

llhis invention relates broadly to'a mixture of ingredients to form a composition of matter more particularly adaptable for use in making water proof and fire proof roofs and the like. I

The principal object of this invention is to provide a composition of matter whichwill be sufliciently plastic when mixed to be laid in suitable layers to constitute a protective covering such as a roof, and wherein the material possesses great adhesive abilities to enable the material to be securely and easily attached to other building materials whereby gutters, fiashings, etc, ma be omitted when this material is used for orming a roof or the like.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a composition of matter wherein the finished article possesses the required amount of elasticity and at the same time provides an extremely hard wearing surface and is of great strength for a unit cross-sectional area enabling the material to be used in relatively thin layers to accomplish satisfactory results in providing for suitable roofs and the like.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a mixture of materials capable of being transported in the dry state and subsequently mixed with suitable liquids to constitute a composition of matter adaptable for roofing and similar purposes, and possessing water proof and fire proof characteristics and at the same time capable of 1 manipulation when mixed, in either a warm or cold atmosphere. I

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a suitable composition of matter composed of fire proofing and water proofing ingredients and adapted to be transported in substantially the form of a dry mixture which when mixed with asuitable liquid forms'a roof or similar structure of great strength and hardness.

. Further and otherobjeots of the present invention will in part be obvious and will Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Apr. 3% f llfi. Application med December 20, 1916. Serial No. 137,973.

-larly concrete or asphaltic compounds. The concrete structures are objectionable in thatthe amount of'weight required is excessive and also in view of the difficulty in providing for suitable water proofing of the concrete whereby moisture is prevented from enterlng the pores. Since any freezing in the concrete will sooner or later destroy the roofing structure, asphaltic and gravel roofs are objectionable, first, in the matter of weight and secondly, in the matter of upkeep in that the materials being partially soluble, particularly in rain water the natural elements tend to gradually destroy the structures and. the cleaning of snow, etc, from the roof tends to remove a portion of the roofing material itself.

llhe composition which will hereinafter be more particularly set forth comprises a mixture of materials-which sets into a body of great hardness and strength and which body is substantially unaffected by freezing, and is of itself water proof and non-soluble in rain water; The result of this is that a roof or similar structure'formed of the composition hereinafter to be described may be of relatively light weight and at the same time will possess a relatively smooth surface of great hardness so that the roof may be easily cleaned and where the same is laid upon an inclined roofing frame there is no tendency whatever of the material to run or move upon itself as is the tendency of all asphaltic or pitch roofs. The present invention relates more par- "ticularly to the materials which are to be used in securing the desiderata above set 4 forth, and comprises. mixture including calsuitable liquid such as a binder comprising magnesium chlorid dissolved in water.

In disclosing the ingredients and proportions of m invention, the proportions hereinafter re erred to are set forth in measure by bulk instead of weight, or in other words in dry measure.

In preparing the ingredients or-materials llltl entering into my compound I use sawdust, preferably hard wood sawdust, and prepare two grades of fineness of this sawdust by first sifting a portion of the sawdust through a screen of twenty (20) mesh fineness to the inch and then sifting another portion of sawdust through a screen of fineness of fifty (50) meshes to the inch. After these two grades of sawdust have been obtained they are preferably treated separately with an oily substance known in the art as China wood oil in the proportion of one part by measure of oil to twenty (20) parts of sawdust. The oil and sawdust may be mixed in any suitable manner and-in order to insure a thorough mixing, the sawdust is again passed through suitable screens, for example the sawdust that has been passed through the twenty ('20) mesh screen is again passed through this screen after the sawdust has been oiled and the sawdust which has passed through the fifty (50) mesh screen is, after being oiled. again passed through this same screen. This second manipulation through the screens absolutely insures a thorough mixing of the oil with the sawdust and breaks up any lumps that might have been oil coated on the exterior and not oil coated on the interior of the lump. Asbestos, preferably the long fiber, and of a type known commercially as #2 asbestos, is now mixed with the oiled sawdust in the proportion of one part of the finest oiled sawdust with one part of the coarser grade sawdust to six (6) parts of the lon fiber asbestos. These ingredients are carefully mixed in a suitable mixer or stirrer so that a complete homogeneous mass is obtained.

Other ingredients are now adapted to be added to this mixture of two (2) parts of sawdust to six (6) parts of asbestos. To the foregoing mixture of asbestos and oiled sawdust is added thirty (30) parts of calcined magnesite ground to a grade of fineness wherein substantially all of the said magnesite will pass through a screen having one hundred and twenty (120) meshes to the inch; plus eight (8) parts of crushed quartz of a type commercially known as mine run and preferably comprising particles ranging in size from one-fourth (9;) .to one-eighth (t) of an inch; plus four (4) parts of white talc ground to comprise a fine powder; plus four (4) parts marble flour which is ground very fine and comprises a very fine powder preferably of a grade known to the trade as #112; plus four (4) parts carborundum fire sand or a similar hard material. After all of these materials have been obtained in substantially the proportions and of the characters specified they are thoroughly and completely mixed by suitable mixers and then subsequently packed for shipment, The material comprising the foregoing ingredients may be suitably packed in bags, kegs, or barassess? rels, or other packages and transported to" the place of use. In preparing this material for use a suitable'binder is made up by dissoli'ing magnesium chlorid in water until a solution is obtained which tests substantially twenty three (23) degrees on a Baiun heavy liquid hydrometer. The dry material comprising the ingredients above specified, in substantially the proportions set forth, is suitably mixed with the magnesium chlorid binder to a consistency of mortar or paste and is then applied to form a roof or similar structure, and preferably is applied in thicknesses ranging from three-eighths g) of an inch to one-half (1}) of an inch over suitable sheeting or supporting members and is surface-treated by floating and troweling, as is common in the art. When the liquid is mixed with the dry material a chemical reaction takes place and gases are emitted thereby causing a temporary effervescence of the material together with a slight rise in temperature. The clfervescence lasts but a short time and has usually disappeared by the time a workman can mix a suitable amount and apply the same in place. In view of the fact that the liquid used has an extremely low freezing point ordinary winter weather does not interfere with the outside use of this material so that work may be carried on in winter as well as in summer in connection with the use of this composition.

The mixture sets rather quickly, within fifteen to twenty minutes after mixing, depending upon temperature and liquidity of the mixture, and possesses great adhesiveness, so much so that a roof may be laid directly against walls, chimneys, etc., and attached thereto by troweling, thereby eliminating flashings, etc.

After this composition of matter has been prepared and applied it forms a relatively smooth jointless sheet of very tough elastic and at the same time hard material capable of resisting both fire and water and substantially unaffected by heat or cold. At the same time, because of its strength it may be laid in relatively thin layers, consequently providing a protective covering without undue weight. These factors render this material particularly adaptable for roofing and similar purposes.

Realizing that it may be possible to use other materials possessing the desired chemical and physical characteristics and that it may be possible to slightly vary the proportions herein specifically set forth, I, desire that it be understood that the specific ingredients and specific proportions are the preferred materials and proportions so far as I am at present aware.

Having described my invention, what I claim is:

l. A plastic composition adapted for use in forming roofs and similar structures comand comprising calcined magnesite; crushed quartz; White talc; marble flour; carborundum fire sand; and asbestos mixed with hard wood sawdust treated with. China wood oil; substantially as specified.

3. A plastic compositiori adaptable to be used in making roofs and similar structures and comprising thirty (30) parts calcined magnesite; six (6) parts long fiber asbestos; two (2) parts sawdust treated with China wood oil; eight (8) parts crushed quartz; four (4) parts white talc; four (4) parts marble flour; four (4) parts carborundum fire sand; mixed with a binder comprising a solution of magnesia chlorid and water testing substantially twenty-three degrees Baum; substantially as specified.

4. A plastic composition adapted to be used in forming roofs and the like, and comprising calcined magnesite; asbestos; sawdust treated with China wood -oil; crushed quartz talc; marble flour; carborundum fire sand; mixed to a plastic state by adding a binder comprising magnesia chlorid dissolved in water, substantially as specified.

5. A plastic composition adapted for use in forming roofs and similar structures and comprising magnesia and silicon compounds mixed with asbestos and sawdust treated with China wood oil, substantially as speci fied.

6. -A plastic composition adapted particularly to be used in forming roofs and similar structures, and comprising coarse quartz and fine calcined magnesite adapted to fill the voids between the coarser quartz, together with asbestos and hard wood sawdust treated with China wood oil and mixed with magnesium chlorid in water, substantially as specified.

7. A plastic composition adapted for use in the making of roofs and similar structures and comprising quartz and of relatively large size, together with calclned magnesite adapted to fill the voids between the large size particles of quartz, and the water proofing material including China wood oil together with a long fiber material an treated with a magnesium chlorid binder adapted to cause certain'of said materials to react chemically and form a composite mass of strong, hard, elastic qualities, substantially as specific 8. A dry plastic composition adapted for use in'making roofs and similar structures, comprising calcined magnesite; crushed quartz; white talc; marble flour; fire sand; and asbestos mixed with a waterproofing carrier; substantially as specified.

9. Aplastic composition adapted for use in making roofs and similar structures com.- prising calcined magnesite; crushed quartz;

' white talc; marble flour; carborundum fire sand; and asbestos mixed with coarse and fine wood sawdust treated with China wood oil; substantially as specified.

10. A plastic composition adapted for use in making roofs and similar structures comprising thirty (30) parts of calcined magnesite; eight 8) parts of crushed quartz; four (4) parts of talc; four (4) parts of marble flour; four (4) parts of fire sand; and combined with a mlxture comprising six (6) parts of asbestos with one part each of coarse and fine hard wood sawdust treated with China wood oil; substantially as specified.

WILHELM A. KOHNCKE.