US126166A - Improvement in the preparation of artificial skins with natural hair - Google Patents
Improvement in the preparation of artificial skins with natural hair Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US126166A US126166A US126166DA US126166A US 126166 A US126166 A US 126166A US 126166D A US126166D A US 126166DA US 126166 A US126166 A US 126166A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hair
- covering
- skin
- improvement
- preparation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 210000003491 Skin Anatomy 0.000 title description 50
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000000899 Gutta-Percha Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920000588 Gutta-percha Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 240000000342 Palaquium gutta Species 0.000 description 12
- -1 size Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000002027 Ficus elastica Species 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium thiosulphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulphite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002045 lasting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
- B29C45/14467—Joining articles or parts of a single article
Definitions
- J osnrn RANDALL TUSSAUD and FRANCIS JURriUs TUSSAUD, both of N o. 58 Baker street, Portman Square, in the county of Middlesex, England, have invented improvements in obtaining the separation of hair or other covering from the skins of animals and in the application thereto of artificial skins, and we do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof.
- Our improvements have reference to means by which the hair or other such covering to the skins of animals may be held in correct relative positions as on the natural skin while that skin is removed and until a substitute for such skin is applied to theroots of such hair or other covering to retain them in position; and our improvements have reference to means for acting first on the hair on the natural skin previous to the application of the temporary holding means, and also to the use of glue, size, or gelatine, applied in solution, so as to form, when cool, a body to hold the hair or other covering in position during the removal therefrom of the natural skin and the application to the roots thereof of a substitute for such skin.
- WVhen a sufficient coating of the glue, size, or gelatine has been applied to the skin to hold the hair or other such covering thereof in correct relative position during the removal of the natural skin, such skin, with this temporary holding means applied is then laid so as to prevent the holding means from running off until it has become sufficiently cool or set to hold the hair or other such covering in position when the natural skin may be pulled from the roots of the hair or other such covering, leaving the hair or other such covering held by the glue, size, or gelatine em ployed as the temporary holding means, with the roots of hair or other such covering projecting therefrom.
- the matter or composition to form the artificial skin will then be applied in a liquid state to such roots of hair or other such covering while the hair or other such covering is being held by the glue, size, or gelatine.
- the artificial skin may be formed of India rubber, gutta-percha, or compounds thereof, (vulcanized or prepared,) boiled or other oils capable of being rendered suitably drying, or other suitable adhesive matters, which may be strengthened, if desired, by woven fabrics.
- the caoutchouc or compounds thereof used to form the artificial skin has become sufficiently set-to hold the hair or other such covering firmly by the roots thereof, and the process of vulcanization or preparing, as above referred to, has been efiected, then the artifi cial skin, with the hair or other such covering thereon, is well washed in hot water, by which the. glutinous or gelatinous matter which has been employed as the temporary holding medium may be readily removed.
- the salt is employed in a state of fusion, or as a saturated solution, such that when cool it will set to a suflicient degree of solidity to hold the hair or other covering in correct relative position.
Description
UNITED sw ms PATENT OFFICE.
JOSEPH RANI ALL TUSSAUD FRANCIS CUBTIUS TUSSAUD, OF 58 BAKER STREET, PORTMAN SQUARE, ENGLAND.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE PREPARATION OF ARTIFICIAL SKINS WITH NATURAL HAIR.
To all to whom it may concern: 1
Be it known that we, J osnrn RANDALL TUSSAUD and FRANCIS (JURriUs TUSSAUD, both of N o. 58 Baker street, Portman Square, in the county of Middlesex, England, have invented improvements in obtaining the separation of hair or other covering from the skins of animals and in the application thereto of artificial skins, and we do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof.
Our improvements have reference to means by which the hair or other such covering to the skins of animals may be held in correct relative positions as on the natural skin while that skin is removed and until a substitute for such skin is applied to theroots of such hair or other covering to retain them in position; and our improvements have reference to means for acting first on the hair on the natural skin previous to the application of the temporary holding means, and also to the use of glue, size, or gelatine, applied in solution, so as to form, when cool, a body to hold the hair or other covering in position during the removal therefrom of the natural skin and the application to the roots thereof of a substitute for such skin.
In carrying out our improvements we operate upon the hair or other covering and natural skin previous to the application of such temporary holding means, for the purpose of loosening the one from the other, by subjecting them to soaking in lime water or other suitable means, as practised by tanners. If desired, the skins may then be washed in water to free them of the superabundant lime or other mixture of water in which the soaking has been effected, and then they may be hung foratime to drain off excess of moisture. The glue, size, or gelatine is then applied to the hair or other such covering by pouring it thereon in a fluid or semi-fluid condition and in sufficient quantity, or by immersion of the skin in a bath of such matter. WVhen a sufficient coating of the glue, size, or gelatine has been applied to the skin to hold the hair or other such covering thereof in correct relative position during the removal of the natural skin, such skin, with this temporary holding means applied is then laid so as to prevent the holding means from running off until it has become sufficiently cool or set to hold the hair or other such covering in position when the natural skin may be pulled from the roots of the hair or other such covering, leaving the hair or other such covering held by the glue, size, or gelatine em ployed as the temporary holding means, with the roots of hair or other such covering projecting therefrom. The matter or composition to form the artificial skin will then be applied in a liquid state to such roots of hair or other such covering while the hair or other such covering is being held by the glue, size, or gelatine.
The artificial skin may be formed of India rubber, gutta-percha, or compounds thereof, (vulcanized or prepared,) boiled or other oils capable of being rendered suitably drying, or other suitable adhesive matters, which may be strengthened, if desired, by woven fabrics.
When employing boiled linseed or other oils its adhesiveness may be increased by the combination therewith of a small quantity of litharge or other suitable drying or adhesive matter.
In order to render the caoutchouc and guttapercha more lasting and less affected by changes of temperature, we combine with them sulphur in any suitable manner capable of producing those results, preferring to apply to the artificial skins of caoutchouc or guttapercha a solution of chloride or hypochloride of sulphur in bisulphuret of carbon, (or other suitable solvent of caoutchouc or gutta-percha.) \Vhen using bisulphuret of carbon, we take forty parts thereof and add to it one part of chloride or hypochloride of sulphur 'prepared as neutral as possible, and We allow the solution to remain in contact-with the artificial skin of caoutchouc or gutta-percha a longer or 1 shorter time, according to the thickness or substance of the article; but we find that for general purposes a thin sheet is generally suffi ciently changed in less than a minute.
When the caoutchouc or compounds thereof used to form the artificial skin has become sufficiently set-to hold the hair or other such covering firmly by the roots thereof, and the process of vulcanization or preparing, as above referred to, has been efiected, then the artifi cial skin, with the hair or other such covering thereon, is well washed in hot water, by which the. glutinous or gelatinous matter which has been employed as the temporary holding medium may be readily removed.
In some cases we employ carbonate, sulphite, sulphate, phosphate, acetate, or hyposulphite of soda as a substitute for the animal glue or gelatine. In such case the salt is employed in a state of fusion, or as a saturated solution, such that when cool it will set to a suflicient degree of solidity to hold the hair or other covering in correct relative position.
Having thus described our invention and means which we adopt in carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that what we claim is- The acting first on the hair on the natural skin by soaking the same in lime-water or other suitable liquid such as practiced by tanners,
and the use of glue, size, gelatine, carbonate, sulphate, sulphite, phosphate, acetate, or hyposulphite of soda to hold the hair or other covering during the removal of the natural skin, and the application to the roots thereof of India rubber, gutta-percha, vulcanized or prepared, boiled or linseed-oils capable of being rendered suitably drying, or other suitable adhesive matters, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof we have signed our. names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
J. R. TUSSAUD. I 0. TUSSAUD. Witnesses:
WILLIAMI BROOKES, ALFRED GEORGE BROOKES,
Both of 62 Chancery Lane, London,
England.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US126166A true US126166A (en) | 1872-04-30 |
Family
ID=2195593
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US126166D Expired - Lifetime US126166A (en) | Improvement in the preparation of artificial skins with natural hair |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US126166A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020101133A1 (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2002-08-01 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Piezoelectric/electrostrictive device and method of manufacturing same |
-
0
- US US126166D patent/US126166A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020101133A1 (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2002-08-01 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Piezoelectric/electrostrictive device and method of manufacturing same |
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