US1255582A - Oil-burner. - Google Patents

Description

L. S. CHADWICK.

OIL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED APR. I, IsIe.

LEE S. CHADWICK, OIF EAST CLEVELAND, HI, ASSIGNUR T0 THE CLEVELAND METAL PRODUCTS CMPANY, 0F CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION' 0F OHIO.

OEL-BURNER.

Speciication of Letters Patent.

Patented heb, 5, delle,

application and april 7, wie. i serial no. taart.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that l, LEE S. CHADWICK, a citizen of the United States, residing at East Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Uhio, have invented a certain new and useful 'Improvement in Oil-Burners, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to improvements in hydrocarbon burners of the sort comprising an inner and an outer wick tube that are spaced apart in substantially concentric relation, the inner one having a ledge extending inward adjacent its upper end, and thev outer one a similar ledge extending outward therefrom in substantially the plane of the former ledge, and a pair of perforated commingling tubes associated with each other in a relation similar to that of the wick tubes and having their lower endsbearing upon the aforesaid ledges. Burners of this class further comprise a drum which surrounds and is supported from and in operative relation to thecommingling tubes.

These burners, under normal conditions, produce a comparatively blue flame, and operate practically without odor. These highly desirable edects are obviously due to an almost perfect combustion resulting from certain physical lpeculiarities which characterize these burners.

Going briefly into detail as to the normal operation of these burners, it may be said that, after the burners have become warm from initial operation, there` is no flame present at or near the wick. lin fact, it is found that no'flame occurs below the third row of perforatons from the bottom of the commingling tubes. 'llhe reason for this is that the gas, generated at this point, is so rich and the draft so strong, that the incoming air cannot promote combustion at the perforations lower than the ones above named. Now it will be understood that the l gas is generated by the heat in the vicinity of the exposed portion of the wick, and it will be seen from the foregoing that all of the heat that can be obtained at the wick, must be. conducted from the zone of the iiame, downward through the combustion tubes, the ledges of the wick tubes, and the portions of the wick tubes adjacent the enpOSed portion of the wick, and also from direct radiation from the flame that is maintained in the combustion space between the commingling tubes at the elevation above set forth. t

The foregoing operation is based upon the supposition that the burner is in perfect condition. lf anything occurs to even slightly disarrange the vital parts of thel burner, as, for instance, the lower edge of one or both commingling tubes with respect to the supporting ledge or ledges, air will be allowed to enter around the bottom of the comminglmg tubes, and so combine rich gas with oxygen, that a flame will be maintained, and such a condition will promptly overheat the adjacent portions of the burner and in this in anner generate an excess of gas, which is indicated at once at the wick by yellow bars or streaks in the flame, and the giving of a disagreeable odor through the escape of excess gas.

p As intimated above, the usual cause for the unsatisfactory operation of the burner is an improper fit between the lower ends of the commingling tubes and the ledges of the wick tubes whereon they are supported. 'lhis may result from any of several conditions, as an uneven or distorted ledge; an irregular edge of a commingling tube; or the presence of something upon the ledge that prevents the commingling tube from proper seating. In any of the foregoing instances, air is admitted to the combustion space between the connningling tubes so low down that the diflicultipsmlready set forth are experienced. Furthcy than above explained, some of the excess gaswhich is 'generated in the vicinity of the wick falls and escapes beneath the commingling tubes from the combustion space and, in the prevailing construction of burners of the type under consideration, is then beyond recovery.

ln the further consiileration of my invention, therefore, allow these points to remain pron'iincntly in mind, that thc foie going difficulties may be duc, tirs-t, to a distorted ledge; second, from an irregular edge of a coinnlingling tube; and third, from the presence of some foreign mailer upon the wick tube ledges.

lt is the object of nljv invention 'to proH vide a. burner of the character referred to having the ledges of the wick tubes sti lfcneil litri further, to form the bottom annular Wall of the drum in such manner and so dispose it with respect to the ledge of the outer Wick tube, that a restricted air passageway is provided about the aforesaid channel so that any gas escaping from beneath the commingling tube will be recovered and carried upward by the incoming air and injected, with the air, finto the combustion space, through the perforations of the outer comminghng tubes.

Thus it will be seen that, in its broader sense, my invention provides for stitfening or strengthening the wick tube ledges ot' burners of the class referred to, so that the diliiculties arising alonefroin dented or distorted ledges are eliminated; and more limitedly to provide a construction whereby the escaping gas from the combustion space is utilized as an effectual seal against the admission of air beneath the commingling tubes, and whereby such escaping gas is recovered and returned to the combustion space at a proper elevation to be consumed.

In the drawing accompanying and forming a part hereof, Figure l is a central vertical section through a hydrocarbon burner embodying my invention, the lower portion of the burner being omitted for economy of space; Fig. 2 is an enlargement of a portion of Fig. l, and shows diagrainmatically,

-the action of the air and gases, when the burner is in operation; and Fig. 3 is a View, similar to F 1g'. 2, and illustrating a modification.

Describing the invention by the use of reference characters, 1 represents the outer and 2 the inner wick4 tube, the former having a ledge 3 adjacent its upper end, and the latter a ledge 4, shown as in the horizontal plane of the former ledge 3. These ledges are preferably formed by buckling a portion of the metal of each Wick tube and pressing it together in ay substantially perpendicular plane with respect to that of the tube. The periphery of each ledge is preferably turned upward to constitute a stidening or strengthening flange, the flanges of the re spective ledges 3 and 4 being designated 3 and 4-. The lower ends of the outer and inner connningling tubes 6 and 7, respectively. bear upon the ledges of the corresponding wich tubes and are contained within the channels formed by such ledges, their strengthening or stiffening flanges, and the adjacent portions of the wick tubes.

The inner commingling tube is shown as provided with a bottom wall 8 that is preferably formed integral with the upright wall thereof, and the top of this tube is closed by a cover 9. The upright walls of the tubes 6 and 7 are perforated, as usual, and the bottom viall 8 of the inner tube is also provided with perforations. A thimble l0 rises from the center of the wall S and receives the upper end of a rod 11 which constitutes alifter for the connuingflingl;- tubes and drum 1Q. It will be observed that the latter is secured in operative relation to thc former, and that the former or connningling tubes are secured in proper relative position by rods 13. An inverted cup shaped meinber l5 is supported within the uppcr end of the inner wick tube, and properly spaced from the inner wall thereof, by spaces lo, thereby to permit the passage olf` air upward about the member and into the inner commingling tube through the perforations in its bottom wall 8.

The bottom wall of the drum lf2 extends inward from the lower edge of its cylin drical wall, and is turned upward a distance above and spaced slightly lroni the ledge il of the outer wick tube. The bottoni wall 20 of the drum has a series of air-admittingl holes 2l.

The burner shown in Fig. 3 comprises precisely the same elements as the one shown in Figs. l and 2, but is modified b v having the strengthening or stilfening beads or flanges 3b and 4b of-the ledges 3 and 4, respectively, turned downward. So far as the strengthening or stilfening effect of the beads 0r lianges is concerned, the down turned ones 3" and lb are aS effectual as the up turned ones 3 and 42 No channels are formed by this latter construction, however, for the rece tion of the bottoms of the connningliug tu es.

In Fig. 2, I have endeavored io show. diagrammatically, the operation ol the burner, and the advantages arising from the npwardly opening channels. ln this ligure, the burner is shown as lighted, and the gases generated in the vicinity oi' the upper end of the wick, commingling with air that is supplied to the combustion space through the perforations of the commingling tubes. Let it be supposed that, for `some reason, such as the irregularity of the bottoni of the outer connningling tube, or its resting upon something that has been deposited upon the ledge Cl, an opening occurs between the bo(- tom edge oi' the connnngling tube and tho ledge. l have represented. by a mass of dots, the heavier gases which i'all l'roin the rieinity of the upper end of the. wirk and :nw-1r niulatn within the channel l'orined by the nannten ledge 3 and its flange 3. |lFhese gases collect within the channel and form an edeetual seal against the admission of air beneath the commingling tube. As the heavier gases overflow the aforesaid channel, they are immediately picked up by the inrushing air, directed in proximity to the ledge 3 by the upturned and contracted bottom wall of the drum l2, and are carried with it through the lower perforations of the outer drum to where they areconsumed. lt will be understood that practically. the same conditions as those above prevail in connection with the inner commingling tube and its associated parts.

. lt will be observed from Fig. l that the openings in the inner commingling tube through which the rods 13 pass are slightly elongated vertically. This is to permit of relative movement between the coniniingling tubes to compensate for an slight did'erenoe which may exist between t e planes of their lower ends, due to the presence of something upon one of the ledges 3 or 4, or an imperfection of the tube itself. llf the planes of the bottoms of the oonimingling tubes are accurate, and nothin is present upon the ledges of the wick tu es to prevent perfect contact between them and the -coinmingling tubes, the construction disclosed in Fig. 3 is practically as satisfactory as that disclosed in the other figures; but since the construction first described insures perfect operation Yof the burner under all conditions, notwithstanding slight imperfections 'or irregularities in the burner itself, or the presence of some foreign matter upon the ledges of the wick tubes, the construction disclosed in Figs. l and 2 is considered the preferred form.

u Having thus described my invention, what I claim is LNA burner of the class described comprising a pair of wiclr tubes each havin@` a ledge, a pair of perforated eommngling tubes arranged to be supported one upon perforate each of said ledges, eachledge having a flange rising from its edge remote from the wick tube thereb to forma channel in which the lower e ge of the respective coinmingling tube rests, and a drum inelosing the commingling tubes, said drum having an annular bottom the inner portion of which extends inward and upward in closeproximity to and above the ledge of the outer wick tube thereby to form a restricted 'air passageway between itself and such ledge.

2. A burner of the class described conivprising an inner and an outer wick tube, the

outer wick tube having a ledge, a perforated commingling tube arranged to be supported upon said ledge, the ledge having a dange rising from its edge remote from the wick tube thereby to form a channel in which the lower edge of the comminglin tube rests, and a drum inclosing the commmgling tube, said drum having an annular bottom the inner portion of which is curved inward and upward in close proximity to and above the aforesaid flange thereby to form a restricted gir passageway between itself and such anffe.

3PA burner of the class descri comprising adpair of wiclrtubes, and a pair of `coininingling tubes adapted to be supported in operative relation to the wich tubes, one of the wick tubes havin a. ledge extending at substantially right ang es therefrom andspaced downward from its upper end, the ledge having a dange rising from its edge remote from the wick tube to form with the opposed portion of the tube a channel in which the lower end of one of the oongling tubes is arranged to repese, as and for the purpose specified.

ln testimony whereof, ll hereunto affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

LEE S. CHADWlCK.

Witnesses:

lV. E. Snert-Ann, V. J. Basar.

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