US1247284A - Drying apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

1.1. KRUGER.

DRYING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.21|1916.

l @Wh Patented Nov., 20, 191?.

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or ccruunaeiin, nnnMAax.

y narrare APPARATUS.

Speciucation of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 2CD), 1917..

.ppieation led September 27, 1916. Serial No. 122,534.

useful improvements in Apparatus -ior Dryf ingOrganic Substances, of whichvthe fol- `lowing is a specification.

This invention vrelates to apparatus for drying organic substances, whether natural' or manufactured. Hitherto such substances have commonly been subject to the formation' of a hard 4rind or shell of dried matef rial by the supericial action of the heat and evaporation on them; which rind or shell prevents the proper action of the heat or drying agent on the internal portions of such material, so that the exterior of a joint of meat, for example, may be excessively dried and hardened while the interior portions of the meat will remain incompletely dried or not dried at all. An equalized drying operation resulting in the homogeneous condition of the substance treated is manifestly important; and the chief purpose of this improvement'is to insure such equality and homogeneity. A"llo this end, l embed the 'substances to be driedin beds of pulverulent absorbent material, which will withdraw moisture from the superficial parts of the substances treated but will also restore such moisture thereto when the drying threatens to become excessive and will thus constitute an automatic means. of regulation, keeping the surfaces of the articles soft and consequently permitting the action of heat and evaporation through these parts on theinterior parts of said substances. l also support said beds separately in -open boxes in cars, permitting free access of heat and air to said beds.- and through the lattern to said embedded substances. 1llhe details of said invention are hereinafter more particularly set forth, and the novelty of said invention is delined in the appended claims.

1n the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal verti-4 cal section through drying apparatus embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 -represents a horizontal section vthrough the same on a plane above the pipe 17 land ventilator 16 hereinafter described;

Fig. 3 represents a vertical cross-section through Fig. 1 taken at a point to the right of pipe 22, looking to the left ;l

Fig. 4 represents a longitudinal central detail view of one of the drying beds; and

Fig. 5 represents a similar view of a modified form of the same. f

ln 'said drawings, 1 designates anelongated receptacle or casing having one end adaptedto be opened to receive cars 4t, whichpare run into'said receptacle on small wheels over rails 3 longitudinally ixed on the bottom plate of said casing. Said open endl of the receptacle, inclosure or casing, is closed at will by a removable cover 2.

These cars enter one after the other, are provided with open sides and, as lhereinafter explained, carry the drying boxes containing the articles or substances to be dried. Each of these cars is provided with raised walls 5 at its end and in the middle, the middle wall 5 constituting a partition, which divides the interior of said car into two compartments, each compartment being used .to contain a series iof superposed drying boxes 7, which rest. on ledges 6 of walls 5,

being held so far apart as to leave space- .for the circulation of air or other drying medium between. them.

Each of these boxes may bev constructed as.

shown in Fig. 4, having'plates for its sides and bottom provided with numerous perforations 10; or, as shown in Fig. 5, a part lof the box, preferably the bottom, may be made of rods and wire, permitting the ready lpassage of heat and air. This may consist,

exposed to the air. The bottom of the box 7, in the form illustrated by Fig. 4, is provided with external metal ribs 11 vand internal metal ribs 12 to increase the surface 4terial and at no point touch the box or are and conducting mass for receiving heat and transferring itto the substance 8 through the absorptive material 9.

When any substance or article 8 shrinks in drying theenveloping substancev 9 'will ,similarly contract, keeping in contact or touch with the surface of said substance 8,'

y so that the surface thereof will remain soft since it. receives `from said material 9 suiiicient absorbed moisture to counteract undue desiccation and hardening.

Inpreparing for the'drying operation. the

boxes l7 are placed on the ledges 6 in theA open sided cars 4, forming at least two verti- .cal series of drying boxesfor each carl The cars are then successively run on rails 3 into' I the receptacle casing y1 and the opening` through which they enter the end of the same is closed by cover 2, as shown in Fig.l 41. For conveniently heating the receptacle and the drying 'boxes contained therein,

f lbination with this heat, bythe admission and. l,

v pressure or under additional pressure; or bythe heat alone, a part of the steam generated' steam ma be admitted through pipes 25, Fig. 2,'-to eatingv ipes23 arranged horizontallyand longitudinally in vertical series between the sides of said receptacle and said cars. The drying may .be .effected inv comcirculation of-air, either under atmospheric g thereby-*being drawn oi continually and e In the former case, without mechanical air another part circulated through the boxes and contents so4 as to dry very gradually and evenly the entire mass of each article or substance 8 treated. y

pressure, the air may be admitted in any convenient way and at any convenient point, but most conveniently by leaving o the cover 2. A vacuum pipe 2 2 leadi compartment 18 in the bottom oi t e receptacle may then be .utilized with any conven- .ient means of suction'to withdraw air and moisture from said'receptacle and contents and'cause the inii'ow of air which will then be causedto circulate within the rece 'tacle 1 and through the boxes 7 by a pipe 17 eading from said compartment 18 to an end compartment 19 of said receptacle and a blower' 16. The airpursues'a zigzagcourse entering the-rear pile or series of boxes at one. side and passing from the other side there-j.

."ofto 'the next pile'or series and so on until it reaches the v.admission end of the recep-A tacle and repeats-its course .through coinpartment 18 to pipe 17, continuing the cir- "cuit. 'Of course air and steam continually I culate escape 'through pipe 22. y v

. When the current of airis not used and steam (generated'within'the receptacle is'ciry through the boxes instead, the cover 2 is closed, as shown-ii'1"Figs. 1 and 2, forin-- ing an endcoinpartment 21a, communicating with compartmentil and vforiiii'ng part of from aV ation.

bedsand the'l articles -within them must be relied onfor like action without external air' from any circulation .of moisture.

.-Deiiecting plates 20 (Figs. 1 and 2) are arranged on the inner face ofthe receptacle at both sides of the cars to insure the zigza ,course of the air or. steam -above state Horizontal,` longitudinal, internal ledges (Fig. 2) of said receptacle combine with'the 'bottoms ofthe cars. to mahke a' horizontal partition separatin compartments 18 from the remainder of t e interior of the receptacle except at the 'ends thereof.

l Having thus4 described my invention, what- I claim as new and ters., Patent is 12 A bed of comminuted absorbent material' in which articles of' food may be emdesire to secure `by Letbedded, in combination with .a box containv -iii'g the latter provided with numerous small openings in its sides and bottom and means for Idireotin a 4drying current of aeriform fluid throng said ent material, arran ed with iiitervals between them, in com ination with a corresponding series'of boxes, each havin numerous small openin in its sides an bot-v tom and means :for irecting a drying C2current of aeriform iiuid through said'openmgs and said beds in succession to properly dry articles of; food embedded in said beds. 3. Iii 'combinationwith lcars and boxes contained therein, both-bemg adapte to allow flow of air or steam'throu h'said .boxes and their contents2 m` han-ica meansA for maintaining. circulation o air or steam i through the same, and a receptacle contain-` ing said cars and provided witheled es 26, y. Iwhich combine'with the bottoms of said cars to forina lower com artment, the vair or steam;l beingr directed At rough all the boxes and then' returning through said lower, ooinartmentjto sa-id mechanical means of circu- 4. vIn combination with' a'receptacle, a vseries ofabsorbent beds arrange therein,

mechanica'lbmeans for producing a current through said beds of the greater part of the openingsand said bed for. the purpose set fort o. y

2. A superposed series of beds of absorbfsa steam produced Aby heating said receptacle n testimony whereof, I have signed my and for maintaining this circulation Without name to this speeiieation in the presence of 'supply of steam from outside the casing, two subscribing Witnesses.

" in order that a continuous gradual drying and means of escape for a part of this steam JRGEN JRGENSEN MER,

Witnesses:

H. DINESEN, MAGNUS JENSEN.

of the entire substance of each article to be dried may be effected.

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