US1240517A - Furnace. - Google Patents

Description

A. VAN LEEUWEN, In. & F. X. BRUNELLE.

FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE I3. 1916- Patented sept. 18,1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

` A. VAN" LEEUWEN, 1s. & F. X. BRUNELLE.

` FURNACE,

PatentedSept. 18, 1917.

APPLICATION FILED lUNE13. 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A. VAN LEEUWEN, JR. & E. X. BRUNELLE.

FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE I3. 191s.

1,240,517. Patentedsept. 18,1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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E Xvunezle. fovneys.

Umrnn sTaTns PATENT Aonirica.

ADRIAN VAN LEEUWEN, JR., ANI) FRANCOS X. BRNELLE, OF WORCESTER, MASSA- CHUSETTS, ASSIGNORS, BY DIRECT V-lND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, OF ONE-FOURTH TO FRANCOIS X. BRUN ELLE`AND THREE-FOURTHS lO HARRY I. RANDALL, TRUSTEE.

FURNACE.

To all whom z' may concern:

Be it known that we, ADRIAN VAN LunnwnN, Jr., and FRANCOIS X. BRUN-ELLE, citizens of the United States, both residing at lVorcester, in the county of vVvlorcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Furnace, of which the following is a specification.

rFhis invention relates to a furnace for generating steam for power plants and house-heating purposes and also adapted to heat water for hot water heating systems.

rlhe principal objects of the invention are to provide a furnace having a minimum amount of water therein and a maximum heating surface, which can conveniently be made up of sections; to provide a water circulating arch over the fire box to receive the direct heat from the grate and force the smoke and gases back toward the grate before they are allowed to escape; to provide means whereby unconsumed gases from the fire-box can be ignited and burned within the furnace beyond the arch, so as to utilize the full effect thereof; to provide Vwater tubes or passages so arranged as to receive a maximum heating effect; to preventv the escape of large quantities of heat from the outside surfaces; to provide improved means for supplying air for purposes of combustion to the fire-box and to the combustion chamber in which the unconsumed gases from the fire-box are burned, and to provide improvements in the details and arrangements of the several sections for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of this type of furnace, so as to produce full combustion and yet provide a furnace that will not be complicated or expensive to build, set up or keep in order.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings in which- Figure l is a front elevation of a steam furnace constructed in accordance with this invention;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal, central, sectional view on the line 2 2 of Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. l, and constituting in effect the front elevation of the second section of the furnace, the outer section being removed;

Fig. -f is a sectional view through the second or intermediate section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the third or Specification of Letters Patent.

Appueation insa .Tune 1s, 1916.

Patented Sept. 18, 1917.

central section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2, showing the air passages to the upper coinbustion chamber;

Fig. 6 is another viewof the same section `0n the line 6-5 of F ig. 2, showing the air passage to the fire-box, and

Fig. 7 is a sectional view on the line 7-7 of Fig. l.

Several types of furnaces of the water tube variety for heating water and mak-ing steam have been designed for house heating and other purposes. These have proved efficient in practice, but are subject to certain losses, particularly a loss due to the fact that the fuel cannot be entirely consumed in the fireboX, some of the constituents thereof being converted into combustible gases at a point above the fire, from which they escape without their heating properties being utilized. Furthermore, the water tube variety of furnace is expensive, owing to the large quan'- tity of tubing required and the hand work necessary to connect the parts. This invention is designed to retain all the advantages of the water tube type of heater, and to obviate in a very high degree the above inentioned objections.

In order to substitute castings for previously formed tubes, the furnace is made up in sections each oneV being originally cast with spaces therein, constituting in effect .tubular water receiving elements, and these ing surfaces, surrounding the furnace with water holding walls, and providing a second combustion chamber' in which the unconsumed gases can be burned within the furnace thus obtaining full efciency.

A preferred manner in which these advantages can be secured is indicated in the accompanying drawings which illustrate one embodiment ofv the invention. In these drawings the furnace is shown as having an ash pit l0 at the bottom, formed of a casting separate from the rest of the furnace, and capable of being handled .independently thereof. This is-.located in the usual way Serial No. 103,553.

construction, but instead of being supported directly on hinge pins carried by the integral parts of the furnace or furnace sections, it is supported on a hollow plate 16 which is removably7 mounted on the front ofthis section, and can be opened if necessaryto furnish more complete access to the firebox and other interior parts. Tais plate 1G- of course has an opening bach of the door le, and is supported at its ends by two brackets 17 cast on the furnace section and is held in position thereon by pins 18.

The end sections are bothl provided with pairs of doors 15 through which access to the upper part of the combustion chamber may be secured for cleaning purposes and the like. The doors 15 are hollow walled, each one being cast withv a plane surfaced rib 15a around it, to which is bolted a plate 19. This furnishes an insulating air space which may be filled with insulating material if desired. The plate le is made in the same way.

lt may be stated at the presentV time that each of these end sections isformed with av lower hollow water wall 20. in the front section this wall surrounds thev bottom of' the door. Communicating directly with the ends of this section is a hollow water wall 21y which extends around the exterior at the top and furnishes a free space for the circulation of water. Furthermore these walls 2O and 21 are connected by a hollow water circulating arch 23 over the iire-box whichis connected with the. outer water wall by ia plurality of conduits which preferably are arranged vertically, and provide for the free passage of water between the walls 23 and 21. The opposite surfaces of these sections re shown as lying in a plane. The purposes of these parts are the same as those of the Correspending` parts of the intermediate sections 12 and central'sectionsl'l, and will be described more fully in connection therewith,

Referring first to the sections 12, shown more fully in Figs. 3 and et, it will be seen that each one is provided with a lower hollow water chamber 25 extending across each side. These water chambers are connected directly at the bottom by a transverse water wall25 their upper ends by an exterior full width hollow wall 2G corresponding with theY wall 21 in the outside section. A water u'all25 is locate'd'at each end'of the furnace and' each one extends only about half way across the` section 12. Just, above the fire'- boX in which the grate islocated is archlike' inner wall 27- for receiving the direct heat of the fire. This is hollow, having a water space 28 connected at both ends with the chambers 25 and 26. The spaces 26 and 28` are connected by a series of conduitsV 29 whichy are shown in the drawings as vertically arranged in a plane. The conduits 29, like their counter parts 22, preferably are not circular in= cross section but have acute front and'` rear edges to furnish arlarge heat-ing surface for a` small quantity of water to be heated. They are not as wide asthe walls 26 and 27 so as to furnish a verg tical openspace' between each twol series of vertical conduits.

All these parte of the section 12' are formedy of single casting, and are integral with each other. From thisit will be seenl that the water surrounds the iiresboi; at the sides andtop, that the water which is'closest to it and receives the'direct heat has perfect freedom of circulation upwardly through the space 28, and into the space 26, either atl the outside or through the conduits 29, and that these parts are so shaped as to provide amaximum heating capacity for a minimum amount of water. Y

Each section' 1-1 has also a lower arch 27a (see F ig. 5) having a. space 28 for water, as well as external water walls 26 and two lower water chambers 25a. These correspond in ay general way with the similarly numbered par-ts of the sections 12, but the side water chambers 25Ll extend clear across the sections 11, and there is nol lower connection between them at the bottom.

The parts are assembledl in close relationv to each other, as indicated, sothat the walls .26 27 and 27a of the several sections come into Contact andV constitute a continuous arch over the hire-'box` from one end ofthe furnace tothe other. A second continuous external water filled arch is formed bythe walls 2l., 26` and 26u which forms the eX- ternal side walls of the furnace. This outer arch beingV filled with water provides means whereby the furnace is prevented from radiating the usual amountV of heat into the air, and an additional means for assisting in heating the water, although thecentral arch may be considered as forming the main heat# ing` portion of the furnace;

The water is introduced into the bottom of the water. chambers, and it will be understood that at the bottom and top, are openings 33 at bothv ends of theinner sectionsll, and at one end in the sections 12. They constitute`r means for conducting water from one section to another, thereby providing the necessary circulation.

The water enters the bottom of one or both of the water chambers 25 at .one end, enters all the sections, passes upwardly through these chambers and the corresponding parts of all the sections and immediately comes into contact with the heated surfaces at t-he sides of the lire-box. hottest part of the furnace is at the top of the arch 27 there will be a tendency for the water to circulate upwardlyfrom this point through the tubes 22, 29, 29, if they are full, and if the water in the spaces 2l, 26, 2Gn has a tendency to become cooler it will be drawn down around the outside and forced upwardly again so that an even uniform temperature will be maintained throughout the water spaces ofthe furnace.

The sections are assembled simply by securing them together by means of bolts 32l and mounting on the ash pit frame as indicated. These bolts extend through the passages 33. The outside sections can be secured in the same way but are shown as connected by bolts 32at extending through openings 33a, one of which is T-shaped. The water or steam may be circulated from the furnace through a pipe 34e, as indicated.

The space below the arch 27 is free and open from one end of the furnace to the other, while the space between the arch 27 and the outer wall 26 is also free except for the tubes 22 and 29 which assist in utilizing the heat for the heating of the water located in them. The upper surfaces of both arches are corrugated to provide for efficient heating of the water.

An important feature of the invention consists in the provision of means whereby some of the unconsumed products from the fire-box are subjected to a temperature suilicient to ignite them and provide combustion in the Lipper combustion chamber by the addition of freshly introduced heated air. For this purpose the contacting walls of t-he lower arch in the sections l1 and l2 are provided with semi-circular slots 35 which register with each other to form ignition jet openings. rlhrough these gas es'- capes in the form of j ets into the upper combustion chamber where the mixture of gases and heated air is ignited on account of their high temperature, thereby securing perfect combustion. Four. of these are shown in these drawings. Y

around the side edges of the arch 27 are smoke flues 30 for conducting the smoke and gases from the iire-box up into the upper combustion chamber and assisting in heating the tubes 29. IThe jet openings 35 do not let all the gases through freely Vand the arch forces the remainder back down towardthe grate at the sides and up the four fines 30. Thus they are perfectly mixed together and also mixed with the fresh air coming up two air passages 36 at the sides as will appear.

As the.

The manner in which the external air is brought in to support combustion is also a feature of importance. For this purpose the two sections l1 are provided on their sides adjacent to the sections l2 with an air 70 movable member 33 which is provided with;

a flange 39 inclosing thev open sides of the channels 36 and 37 so as to permit each channel 37 to form an air-conducting conduit from below the fire-box into the top of the lower combustion chamber above the top of this flange 39. The other channel 36 is also closed on the inner side by this flange,

the bottom of course being open, forming two Vseparate conduits. rlhis member '38 preferably is removably held in position b v means of a stud 40 cast on the wall of the sectionll on which this plate is hinged at its top, and fits on a ledge ill on the wallV of the section l1. To remove it, it is displaced laterally from its stud, and drawn out into the lire-box.

in this way a current of heated air brought independently into each combustion chamber from below. We prefer to conduct this from below the ash-pit by means of a conduit 42 cast on the wall lor otherwise supported at the sides of the member 10, and extending upwardlyifrom a well 43 below the ash-pit which can supply fresh air from any desired source. he supply preferably is controlled by a damper ad.

It will be understood that gases which flow directly upwardly from the grate in contact with the inner surface of the lower arch, are .discharged with some force through the ignition jet openings 35, and that the remainder are forced down toward the grate and discharged through the flues 30 into the upper combustion chamber. lVhen this arrangement is used for generating steam the water level is kept above the crown of the hollow arch 27.

Although we have illustrated and described only a single Vform of theinvention and shown it as formed of a certain number of sections, we are 'aware of the fact that many changes can be made in the const-ruction, that Lother numbers of sections can be used, that the sections need not be vertically arranged and that some of the principles can be carried out wit-hout dividing it into sect-ions, without departing from the scope of the invention, as expressed in the claims.

Therefore we do not wish to be limited in these respects, but what we do claim is l. A, sectional heater comprising a plurality of sections, each provided with an external water wall and a water arch connecting the two sides of the external water wall and providing a combustion chamber between them above the arch, lthe space below the arch constituting a re box, the edges of the arches of the several sections coming substantially into contact with each other to malte the arch continuous, said sections having a series of-substantially continuous and substantially parallel water conduits extending from the arch to the external wall, but spaced from each other to permit circulation of air and gases around them, and means for conducting air into the fire-box and combustion chamber from below the J'ire box.

2. sectional heater comprising` a plurality of sections, each provided with an external water wall and a substantially horizontal inner water wall or arch connecting the two sides of the external water wall and providing a combustion chamber between them above the arch, the space below the arch constituting a lire box, the edges of the arches of the several sections coming substantially into contact with each other to malte the arch continuous, said arch having et openings therethrough to admit gases from the tire box into said combustion chamber, said sections having substantially vertical continuous water conduits extending from the arch to the external wall, but narrower than the sections and spaced from each other to permit circulation of air and gases around them in all directions, and means for supplying air both above and below the arch to support combustion.

3. A sectional heater comprising a plurality of sections, each provided with an external water wall and a water arch connecting the two sides of the external water wall and providing a combustion chamber between them above the arch, the space below the arch constituting a tire box, the edges of the arches of the several sections coming into contact with each other to vmake the arch continuous, said sections having substantially continuous water conduits extending from the arch to the external wall, but spaced from each other to permit circulation of air and gases around them, a grate at the bottom of the fire box, and means for conducting air around the fire box to heat it and into the top of the tire box below the arch, the edges of the arch curving downwardly and inwardly at their ends to force the products of combustion back toward the grate.

4; A water heater having an inner and an outer hollow wall for the circulation of water spaced apart to form an upper combustion chamber separated from the fire box by said inner wall, said inner wall having jet openings passing transversely through the water filled inner wall for admitting the unconsumed gases from the fire-box into the space between said inner and outer walls, and air supply passages into said combustion chamber between said inner and outer walls.

5. A water heater having an inner and an outer wall, said inner wall constituting a substantially .continuous flat arch over the re box and having a plurality of jet Openings therethrough for admitting the unconsuined gases from the lire-box into the space between said inner and outer walls, said space being practically as deep as the fire-box, and air supply passages from below the lire-box opening inwardly into the space between said inner and outer walls to supply preheated air to the combustion chamber formed in said space.

6. A furnace comprising sections having an inner and .outer hollow wall for the circulation of water, 'water chambers at the other sides connecting said inner and outer walls, a grate, and air supply passages extending into thespace below said inner wall and over the ash pit from below the grate at the inner sides of the water chamber.

7. A furnace having an external wall, an inner hollow arch, water chambers connected with the ends of said arch, and a fire-box between said water chambers and below the arch, said Vexternal wall and arch being spaced apart to form a combustion chamber above the arch, and means for conducting air from below the fire box, in Contact with its walls so as to heat it, into .the space below the arch, and means for conducting air into said combustion chamber.

S. ,A furnace having a lire-box, a hollow external wall for receiving water extending upwardly therefrom, a hollow arch spaced inside the external wall over the lire-box and adapted to receive water, means inside the external wall for conducting air from below the tire-box into the space below the arch and into the space above the arch, and means for conducting gases from the lire-box into the space above the arch, both through and around the arch.

9. A furnace having ahrc-box, a hollow external wall for receiving water extending upwardly therefrom, an arch spaced inside the external wall overthe lire-box, means inside the external wall for conducting air from below there-box into -thespace below the arch and into the space above the arch, and means for conducting gases from the tire-box into the space above'the arch.

l0. A furnace having a fire-box, an external wall extending upwardly therefrom, an

the space below the arch and into the space above the arch, and means for conducting gases from the lire-box into the space above the arch, both through and around the arch.

1l. A furnace of a general rectangular' form having an arch over the hre-box, waterholding conduits extending upwardly from said arch, smoke flues widely spaced from each other, located at the four corners of the furnace, and leading from the fire-box up into the space above the arch, and a central outlet for the products of combustion, where by the heated products are forced to Dass from the corners inwardly to the center past and around said conduits.

l2. A furnace having an external wall, and an arch inclosed Within said wall and spaced therefrom, fines located between the arch and external wall and extending into the space above the arch from points at the bottom of the sides of the arch, the side edges of the fines extending toward the fire-box to force the gases baclr toward the grate before discharging them above the arcl 13. A furnace having an external wall, and an arch inclosed within said wall, fines extending into the space above the arch from points at the bottom of the arch, the side edges of the lines extending down toward the tire-box to force the gases back toward the grate, and means for introducing air to support combustion above the arch.

1i. A furnace having external water walls provided with a front opening, a double walled plate removably vmounted to cover said opening, said plate having an opening, and a double walled door covering the last named opening.

l5. In a furnace, the combination with a wall thereof having an upwardly extending air conducting channel, and a readily detachable member supported by said Wall and forming the inner Wall of said channel to separate it from the fire-box.

16. In a furnace, the combination with a wall thereof having an air channel, and a member of T-shaped cross section extending into said channel and dividing it into two and covering theehannel on its inner side, said member being detachably pivoted to the wall.

ln testimony whereof we have hereunto aHixed our signatures.

ADRIAN vAN LEEUWEN, JR. ERANcors x. BEUNELLE.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D. C.

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