US1236591A - Anesthetizing and resuscitation apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

A. H. MITCHELL. ANESTHETIZING AND RESUSCITAT|0N APPARATUS.'.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2|, 1 916.

Patented Aug. "14,1917.

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4 SHEETS WWO ' ATTORW A. H. MITCHELL. ANES THETIZING AND RESUSCITATION APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2|, I9l6. 1,236,51, Patented Aug. 14, .1917.

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WITNESSES ATTORNES" v A. H. MITCHELL. ANESTHETIZING AND RESUSCITATION APPARATUS,

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APPLICATION FILED JULY 2]. i916;

Patented Aug. 14, 1917.

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ARCHELUS H. MITCHELL, OF SELMA, ALABAMA.

ANESTI-IETIZING AND RESUSCITATION APPARATUS.

Application filed July 21, 1916.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AnonnLUs MrroI-I- ELL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Selma, county of Dallas, State of Alabama, have invented a new and useful Anesthetizing and Resuscitation Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention consists of a novel anesthetizing and resuscitation apparatus wherein any form of inhalation anesthetic may be administered and also forms a resuscitation apparatus and is provided with a mercury manometer forming a safety attachment.

In my present invention the administration of ether or chloroform vapor or nitrous oxid oxygen anesthetics or their several combinations is provided for, and the desired percentages obtained by pressure gages or by wash bottles employed, either together or separately, whereby if one device for the estimation of the percentage of gas administered fails, the other device may be used separately without interrupting the anesthesia.

In case of suspended respiration and animation the respiration of the patient can be carried on with the same apparatus as used in anesthesia by employing oxygen or air or any percentages of these.

It further consists of a novel device of the character stated, wherein the gas tanks may be changed as they are emptied with absolutely no loss of gas and without interrupting the anesthesia.

Any desired amount of air may be added to the gas mixture through the automatic or foot pump without any adjustment of the face piece or without any attachment on the face piece for such purpose. Air can be given to the patient in place of anesthetic without the removal of the face piece or any adjustment of it thus allowing the patient to come as nearly out from the anesthetized condition as desired and then without any change of the various anesthetic mechanism, anesthesia may again be commenced at will.

In the administration of either oxygen or nitrous oxid gas, air may be given in any desired amount.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. ML, 1917.

Serial No. 110,430.

Another novel feature of my invention is the provision for the attachment of a cylinder for supplying an agent for the resuscitation or stimulation of respiration of a patient overcome by the administration of an anesthetic or anesthetics.

My invention further consists of novel means for preventing the freezing of the valves during long anesthesia.

It further consists of a novel construction and arrangement of devices forming a single apparatus and novel means for controlling said devices whereby the desired result may be obtained.

Other novel features of construction and advantage will hereinafter more clearly appear in the detailed description of my invention.

For the purpose of illustrating my invention, I have shown in the accompanying drawing one form thereof which is at present preferred by me, since the same will give in practice satisfactory and reliable results, although it is to be understood that the various instrumentalities of which my invention consists can be variously arranged and organized and that my invention is not limited to the precise arrangement and organization of these instrumentalities as herein shown and described.

Figure 1 is a plan view, partly in section, of an anesthetizing and resuscitation apparatus embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is an elevation, partly in section, of the wash bottle manifold.

Figs. 3 and 4c are end elevations, partly in section, of the wash bottle manifold.

Fig. 5 is a top plan view of a bottle cap.

Fig. 6 represents a top plan view of a heating pad and its adjuncts.

Fig. 7 is a broken view showing in proper relation the positive pressure bag, the twoway cock, the pharyngeal tube, the mixing chamber 47 and the mercury manometer of my apparatus.

Fig. 8 comprises detail sectional views of the two-way cook, the passage through the cock being closed in one view and open in the other.

Fig. 9 is a detail View of the mercury manometer per se. 7 1

Fig. 10 shows the rebreathing bag, the mouth piece, and the tubes complementary to the same.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in the figures.

Referring to the drawings.

1 designates a casing or body portion of an anesthetic and resuscitation apparatus embodying my invention, said casing having within it a mixing chamber 2. The top of the casing 1 is provided with a heating pad 3 of any desired or conventional type, and for purpose of illustration, I have shown an electrically heated pad, The function of this heating pad is to allow the administration of warm. air or gas and to prevent the freezing of the valves.

a designates a fitting, in threaded engagement with the bodyportion 1 and provided at its inner end with an apertured cap 5 which isin threaded engagement with it. 6 designates a partition in the fitting, having a. port 7 which is controlled by means of an inwardly-openingcheck valve 8, the stem of which is. guided in a sleeve 9 carried by a plate 10, which latter is provided with the ports 11. 12 designates a spring which tends. to, maintain. the valve in closed position. 7 The fitting 4 is provided with a branch 13, which communicates with a regu lating valve ll of any desired or conventional type, which is in communication with theoxygen, cylinder or a cylinder containing some other reviving agent, as desired, said cylinder-being adapted to be received in the yoke 16 and to be clamped in position by means: of the. clamping device 17. The fitting- 4 is also provided; with a branch 18 which is in communication with a regulating valve 19 1constructed in a similar manner to theregulating valve 14: and provided with a yoke.20@and clamping device 21, whereby the oxygen cylinder which communicates with the regulating valve 19, is clamped in posi- 155L011! 22 designates a fittingcommunicating with the mixing chamber2 and constructed in a similar manner tothe fitting 1 and: provided with an inwardly opening check-valve 23, and the o'therfeatures described as appurtenant-to thefitting 4. The fitting 22 is pro vided with a; plurality of branches, each of which is connected with a regulating valve, and asshown, one branch is connected with a regulating; valve 2%, which communicates witha nitrousoxidgascylinder which is secured in the yoke 25 and clamped in position by means of the clamping device 26. v The other branch'of the fitting 22 communicates with a regulating valve 27;, which latter carries. a yoke 28 inwhich is adapted; to1 be received a nitrous oxid gas cylinder which is clamped in positionbv means of the clamping device 29 and which is in-communication with the regulating valve 27. These valves 24 and 27 provide a separate and individual control for each nitrous oxid gas cylinder, thereby allowing any cylinder-to be replaced during the operation without any interruption of anesthesia.

The checkvalve fittings 4 and 22 are connected at the top in any desired manner with pressure gages 80 and they are connected at thebottom by means of conduits 30 and 31 with a manually actuated stop cook 32 and a needle valve 33, the fitting 4 being in communication with the stop cock 32, and the fitting 22 being in communication with the needle valve 33.

34L is a fitting communicating with the mixing chamber 2 and adapted to be'connected torthe air pump, and is provided with an inwardly opening check-valve 35, prefen ably corresponding in construction to the checlevalves 8 and 23. This air pumpiconnection provides for the admixture of air either automatically or by a foot pump in any proportion and either warm. or cold so that it can be used in ether or chloroform resuscitation.

36 designates a graduated stopcock in communication with the: mixing chamber 2 and provided with an indicating arm or pointer 37 and calibrations 38, so that the position on the valve may be visibly indicated. This stop cook 36 provides for controllingthe amount ofgas to the patient or for cutting the wash bottles off from the machine when it is. desired to administer gas and oxygen "directly throughconduits 30 and 31. .39

designates a needle valve communicating with the stopcock 32 and controlling the flow of mixture tothe wash bottleiO.

-11: designates a needle valve controlling the flow of the mixture to the wash bottle 4:2. 43 is a needle valve seating, as shown in Fig. 2, so as tocut off the manifold: 44L when it is desired to usethe wash bottle to enablethe operator to perceive the character ofthe gas. In thiscase the wash bottle/#115 is controlled directly through the needle valve 33. The needle valve 33 controls the passage. of nitrous-oxid gastothe wash bottle 45, containing. waten, when the stop cook 36 is cut off, and when the cock 32 is closed and the needle valve 4-3 is opened the operator is enabled.- to perceive the character of the gas by viewing the sight feed bot es, The stopcock 32 provides for an. emergency supply of oxygen at any time and for direct oxygen connection to the manifold 14 when the stopcock 36and the needle valve 43 are shut off. Lhe wash bottle 45 containswater and the wash bottle l2 contains ether, thus providing forascertamment of the character oh gas; administered by the wash bottle method and at the same time allowing any mixing chamber.

amountof the oxygen to bubble through the I provide two distinct methods of regulating 65 ether, thus giving any amount of ether desired.

. 46 designates a second manifold over the wash bottles and this manifold, together with the manifold 44, provides an additional 47 designates a mixing chamber communicating with the wash bottles, 40, 42 and 45. The mixing chamber 47 is provided with a slip joint hose and reducing fitting 48, which is adapted to be connected to the tubing leading to the rebreathing bag and thence to the mouthpiece. The said rebreathing bag is shown in Fig. 10 and numbered 70. It is connected at one end to a tube 71 adapted to be secured on the .iitting 48 and is connected at its opposite end with an ordinary mouth piece 72. 49 designates a mercury manometer connected to the mixing chamber 47 in order to insure safety from over pressure and provide for positive pressure for use in resuscitation or in intra-tracheal anesthesia.

The relation of the wash bottles 40, 42 and to the remainder of the apparatus will be readily understood by comparison of Figs 1 to 4, when it is stated that the upper end of each bottle is connected through a tube 40 with the mixing chamber 47 as shown in Fig. 4 with reference to bottle 40 and in Fig. 3 with reference to bottle 45; also, that the lower end portion of the interior of each bottle is connected through a tube 40 with the chamber formed by the alined manifolds 44 and 46. The mixing chamber 47 is disposed in parallel relation to the alined manifolds 44 and 46, Figs. 1, 3 and 4, and has no connection with said manifolds except through the bottles 40, 42 and 45. Communication between the manifold 46 and the tube 40 of bottle 45 is controlled by the needle valve 43; communication between the adjacent ends of the two manifolds 44-46 and the tube 40 of bottle 42 is controlled by the needle valve 41; andcommunication between the manifold 44 and the tube 40 of the bottle 40 is controlled by the needle valve 39. As will be seen by comparison of Figs. 1, 2 and 3 the casing of the needle valve 33 is connected at with the casing of the valve 43 at a point between the seat of said valve 43 and the tube 40 complementary to the bottle 45; also, that the casing of said valve 33 has its lower end 61 adapted for the connection of the conduit 31.

When the character of gas Or mixture is ascertained by the wash bottle method and the nitrous oxid and oxygen pass through the conduits 30 and 31, the stop cock 36 and the needle valve 43 are cut off. The wash bottles 40, 42 and 45 are wash or sight feed bottles to be used for water, ether or chloroform.

In accordance with my present invention,

and controlling the percentage of the gas mixture, namely, either by pressure gages or by sight feed bottles, and these can be used together or independently of each other. The percentage of ether or chloroform is regulated alone with the wash bottle and its needle valve connection, thus permitting any degree of ether or chloroform mixture to the nitrous oxid or oxygen. By the use of an air pump, warm ether or chloroform vapor, either separately or mixed, may be admitted.

In Fig. 7 I show an Elsburg positive pressure bag 60 connected through a tube 61 with the fitting 48 of the mixing chamber 47, and I also show a twoway valve 62 con nected through a tube 63 with the bag 60, and through a tube 64 with a pharyngeal tube 65. The said valve 62 is also shown in detail in Fig. 8.

With the Elsburg positive pressure bag 60, two way valve 62 and pharyngeal tube 65 with the mercury manometer 49 to control the pressure, resuscitation can be accomplished with absolute safety and without the possibility of injury to the lungs. When the said Elsburg positive pressure bag and its described appurtenances are to be used on my apparatus, the tube of the rebreathing bag before described is removed from the fitting 48, and the tube at the opposite side of the Elsburg bag, with reference to the two way valve or cock and the pharyngeal tube thereof, is placed on the said fitting 48. The said Elsburg bag and its appurtenances are of the usual well known construction and I have therefore deemed it unnecessary to illustrate the same. By the introduction of the intra-tracheal tube, safeguarded by the mercury manometer, intra-tracheal aeration of the lungs can be accomplished in asphyxia by using either air or oxygen or any percentage of them. By this technique, intra-tracheal anesthesia is easily administered, using gas or ether or any combination of them. I

It will be apparent from the foregoing that in accordance with my present invention, I provide in a single apparatus means to administer every form of inhalation anesthesia and also a resuscitation device for the continuous artificial aeration of the lungs. I also provide a double method of estimating the percentages of the difierent gases, either of which methods may be used separately or both of them may be used in combination, as desired. The same apparatus may be employed for artificial respiration, either by oxygen, air, or any percentages of them in combination. The gas tanks may be changed without interrupting the anesthesia and without any loss of gas. The air may be used in any proportion when using any form of anesthesia without any adjustment or attachment on the face piece for such purpose. The anesthesia may beinterrupted and air employed to allow the patient to come as nearly out from the anesthetized condition as desired, and without any change in the mechanism, anesthesia can be recommenced at will. Oxygen, nitrous oxid, gas, or air may be administered in any proportion.

It will now be apparent that I have devised a novel and useful anesthetizi-ng and resuscitation apparatus which embodies the features of advantage enumerated as desirable in the statement of the invention and they above description, and while I have, in the present instance, shown and described a preferred embodiment thereof which will give in practice satisfactory and reliable, results, it is to be understood that the same is susceptible of modification in various pal.- ticulars without departing tromthe spirit or scope of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. An apparatus of the character stated, comprising a casing having a mixing chamher, a valve controlled air inlet, a valve controlled gas inlet, and a valve controlled oxygen inlet, wash bottles in valve controlled communication with said mixing chamber, and a second mixing chamber in valve controlled communication with said wash bottles, a valve to control communication from said oxygen inlet to said wash bottles, and a valve controlled connection from said gas inlet to said wash bottles.

2. An apparatus of the character stated, comprising a casing having a mixing chamber, a valve controlled air inlet, a valve controlled gas inlet, and a valve controlled oxygen inlet, wash bottles in valve controlled communication with said mixing chamber, a second mixing chamber in valve cont-rolled communication with said wash bottles, a valve to control communication from said trolled gas inlet, and a valve controlled oxygen. inlet, wash bottles in valve, controlled communication with said mixing chamber, a second mixing chamber in valve controlled communication with said wash bottles, a valve to control communication from said oxygen inlet, to said wash bottles, a valve controlled connection from said gas inlet to said wash bottles, and a mercury manometer communicating with said second mixing chamber.

4. An apparatus. of the character stated, a mixing chamber, means for supplying air under pressure to said chamber, valved means for supplying an anesthetic to the chamber, water bottles, valved means connecting the water bottles with said chamber, a valved bypass connection betwe n the means for supplying anesthetic and one water-bottle, and a chamber connected with the water bottles and having means for connection with a patient.

5. An apparatus of the character stated, a mixing chamber, means for supplying air under pressure to said chamber, valved means for supplying an anesthetic to the chamber, water bottles, valved means connecting the water bottles with said chamber, a valved by-pass connection between the means for supplying anesthetic and one water-bottle, and a chamber connected with the water bottles and having means for connection with a patient, and also. having a mercury manometer.

AROH'ELUS H. MITCHELL.

Witnesses N, WANN, F. C. MEYER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, byaddressi ng the Commissioner of Patents, Washington. D. 0..

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