US1231709A - Condenser for cooling aeriform fluids. - Google Patents

Description

H. E. COLE! CONDENSER FOR COOLING AERIFORM FLUIDSu APPLICATION FILED MWS. 191k I Pmmtedi July 3, 191? 1 FFTQED HOWARD E. OOLE, OF ZOKOHAMA, JAPAN, ASSIGNOR TO STANDARD OIL COMPANY, OF

BAYONNE, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

marines.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Orginal application filed October 4, 1907, Serial No. 395,855. Divided and this application filed April 3,

' T at? whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HOWARD E. COLE, a citizen of the United States, formerly residing at Cleveland, in the county of Guyahoga and State of Ohio, and now residing at #8 Blind, in the city of Yokohama, Em

to appliances for cooling aeriform fluids in order to reduce them at least in part to the liquid state; and a condenser embodylng the invention in what is considered its best and most complete form can advantageously be used in apparatus for obtaining naphtha from natural gas, as set forth in my application of October 4:, 1907, No. 395,855, of

. which the present application is a division and continuation, the division being made solely in consequence of oificial requirement. Such condenser, as well as each of its new, useful and original parts, improvements and combinations, is intended to be secured hereby for all the uses to which it can be applied, with or without modification.

Tn the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a plan view of such condenser; and

Fig. 2 is a view of the same in vertical longitudinal section. V

A. large number of pipes e extend in the same direction between headers f f and which may not always apply, the pipesare shown as somewhat curved. They are placed side by side in aplane which is more nearly horizontal than vertical, thus constituting a horizontally disposed as distinguished from a vertically disposed condenser. They are inclined downward toward the condenser outlet, so that liquid of condensation flows with, instead of against, the gas current. The ends of headers j which receive the gas at the inlet ends (or right hand ends as Fig. l as shown).

her of Serial No. 818,548.

shown) of pipes e are turned in one direction (toward the bottom of Fig.1 as shown) while the ends of headers f which deliver the gas at the outlet ends (or left hand ends as shown) of said pipes e are turned in the opposite direction (toward the top of Thus the distance .between an inlet by every one of the parallel pipes e between the same pair of headers; and the condenser consequently has the gas distribu tion equalized among its parallel pipes.

, The pipes e are divided into groups with their appropriate headers; so as to compose a condenser of parallel sections as distiir gu'ished from one of a single section only .with all of its pipes extended as one group between headers. Each of the parallel sec tions is provided with its corresponding valved gas inlet pipe 9' and valved gas out let pipe it," so that any sectionor sections can be cut out by closing its valves (indicated at 40 and 41 respectively), in order to allow repairs to be made or some other purpose to be accomplished without stopping the flow of gas through the other sections. The number of sections and the numpipes to each section can be varied. I have, for example, installed a condeiiser of eight sections with six sin-inch pipes (each 506 feet in length) to the section; be cause, in my opinion, it best met the conditionsof such installation. lln order best to equalize the gas distribution between the difierent sections, located as shown in or near the same horizontal plane, the headers at each end of the condenser are oflset with respect to each other, so as to be at different distances from the horizontal line through the center of the condenser at right angles to the pipes c. The pipe group whose inlet header is nearer to said line has its outlet header proportionately more distant therefrom, and conversely. Further, the pipes 9 it are connected with headers Q1 70, on oppositesides of the condenser, parallel (or approximately so) with pipes e, the pipes Z m being connected with opposite .ends ofthe headers a" It.

Three walls of the containing chamber for the cooling liquid of the condenser are shown at '97, a and t. The chamber is of small depth, as square of whose great horizontal area and distinguished from one the g and an outlet it is the same I Patented July a, rear.

til

. tinguished from sons.

ving chamber of the condenser embody each of earth or like material.

built on or above depth equals or exceeds its cubic contents of the chamber are large by reason of its extended horizontal area. As shown, it is formed in the natural bed of a creek, the walls 1' 15 being natural banks and the walls a dam of any desired construction. The chamber shown is thus earthen'walled, that'is to say, a chamber whose walls are mainly (or at least largely, if not wholly) composed of earth or like material, as brick-Work or masonry, as disone whose walls are substantially all of wood or metal. The chamber would-be substantially earthen walled, even if the dam should not itself'be earthen; although should not itself be substantially composed The chamber as distinguished from one the surface of the ground. As shown, it IS wholly below the ordinary ground level; but the feature of a sunken chamber would not require that it should be wholly below such level. It is, at least largely, a naturally existing, as distin guished from an artificially formed, chamber; although this feature does not exclude more or less artificial construction. The dam s, for example, represents an artificial structure as shown. The chamber shown is, moreover, constituted by the bed of a natural water course; which last expression is used herein to include both streams and lakes, and also depressions which naturally hold, or are likely naturally to hold, water at certain times or seasons, although dry or liable to become dry at other times or sea- It is of advantage that the containshown is sunken,

and all of these features; but a' chamber to embody all of them may not always be available, or considered expedient to employ it, if available. .In such cases it will ordinarily at least be advantageous to employ a containing chamber which shall embody as many of said features as practicable.

' By employing a portion of a creek for the containing chamber the latter can be supplied in the easiest manner (possible with the necessary coollng water or with part of it, at least); and it will in general be advantageous to arrange the containing chamber with reference to a naturally ex-,

isting source of water, as astream, a spring, or the like, so that part at least of the cooling water will enter said chamber by gravity and the otherwise necessary elevation artificially of the water into the chamber will be avoided. In the drawing the long unfeathered arrows show the direction of flow of the creek. The short feathered arrows indicate flow of gas; and the short unfeathered arrows show companying or separated from the gas.

said area. The

there is no reason why the dam for some reason it may not be' prise stringers 9 and flow of liquid ac- The system of pipes e and headers f f in the containing chamber 1" s it rests on pillars u o w, best of concrete (artificial stone), with interposition of wear pieces as y 2 and with anchoring devices 2 and 3 which allow said system to expand and contract with variations of temperature while insuring the retention of the pipes and headers on their pillars; and the outlet pipes it rest upon the pillars it. These pillars are T-shaped in plan, each header resting onthat portion of the pillar which forms the head of the T and the stem of each T forming an upstream wing wall upon which one or more outlet pipes 72. are supported. The intermediate portions of the pipes e are supported by the pillars 'v.

The outlet (upstream) headers f l The inlet (downstream) headers f and the V inlet pipes 9 rest upon the pillars w. These pillars are T-shaped in plan, the inlet headers resting on the head portions of the T-shaped pillars and the inlet pipes 9 resting upon the downstream Wing walls which form the stems of the T-shaped structures. These wing walls can be divided, if desired, into distinct pillars, as shown for one of those at the right of Fig. 1. The wear pieces a: underlie the inlet and outlet pipes g h. The wear pieces 3 underlie the headers The wear pieces a underlie the intermediate portions of the pipes. The pieces a: and 2 may well be in the form of railroad rails anchored in the concrete of the pillars a v w; and the pieces 3 may well be in the form of iron castings with downwardly directed ends to fit over the tops of the pil lars u w. Y

Each of the upstream headers is loosely inclosed by a strap 2; and at pipes c are loosely inclosed by straps ,3. The ends of straps 2 and 3 are anchored in the concrete of pillars a and 4), respectively.

To protect the system of pipes e and headers 7 f against freshets and from float ing objects at any time guards are provided. Those upstream comprise (as stringers 4, 5 and 7 and two inch planks 8; which latter slope up from the bottom of ereekbed in the direction of the current and cover the upstream headers and the outlet pipes 71. and are fastened to' the stringers. For the down stream end the guards complanks 11, which latter cover the inlet pipes g and are fastened to the stringers; and there is alsoshown an intervals the shown) additional section'of planks 12,;which slope As shown, the stringers} I 5 rest upon and memos i A secured by stud bolts anchored in the concrete; and the stringers 9 rest upon the wear pieces a; or upon blocks .92 of similar height and secured by stud bolts 10 anchored in the v tober 4, 1907, No. 395,855, specialhquid sep- Y the corresponding pipe 9 is compensated guards.

concrete of pillars w. At 13 is shown, a protecting wall; and the header i is placed in a suitably walled chamber, say of con crete. The ipes it should have provisions of any suita 1e description for enabling the liquid condensed in pipes e and the uncondensed gas to be separated from each other. A pipe 23 is shOWn below pipes 72, and connected with them by draw on pipes having valves 42 for carrying as the condensed liquid. In the aforesaid application of Doarating appliances are shown in pipes h with draw ofl's leading to a-similar pipe 23;

but the combination of said special appliances with a condenser has been officially tances of pipes g from pipe; being com pensated for by the reversely d1sposedvar1-- ant distances between the pipes h and the pipe m. The difi'erence in pressure due to the different distances of the ipes 0 connected with each downstream lieader from for by, the reversely disposed variant distances of said pipes e from the corresponding pipe it at the upstream end of thesystem. Equal streams of gas thus pass through the pipes e immersed in the stream flowing through chamber r s t; and the gas is thus uniformly brought nearly (it not quite) ,to the temperature of the creek water. Liquid of condensation as shown accompanies the as into the pipes h and is drawn off throng the pipe 23; and uncondensed gas passes on by header/b and pipe m. The system is supported, held in place by the pillars, straps and and protected I claim hereinasmy invention. or discovery: T

condenser composed of (1 a number of groups of condensing pipes with an inlet header and an outlet header at the respec v tive ends ofeach group of condensing pipes, (2)- gas inlet pipes ofvarying lengths lead- A ing each of them to one of said inlet headers,

i and (3) gas outlet pipes of varying lengths leading each of them from, one of said .out-

let headers, the respectivelengths of'said in .reference 'toone another, inlet connecting .let and outlet pipes being so adjusted that the combined length of the pipes leading to and from headers of the same pair is the same for all the pairs ot headers, substantially flS-dBSC11bBd..

2. A condenser composed oi (1) a numberof groups of condensing pipes all located side by side in the same plane with a trans'- verse inlet header and a transverse outlet header at the'respective ends of each group of condensing pipes located all of them in the same plane with the latter, (2) a supply header located in said plane parallel with I said condensing pipes, (3) a discharge header located in said plane parallel with sald condensing pipes, (A) gas inlet pipes'ott varying lengths leading each of them from said supply header to one of said transverse.

inlet headers, and (5) gas outlet pipes of varying lengths leading each of them from one of said transverse outlet headers to said discharge headers, the respectivelengths of said inlet and outlet pipes being so adjusted that the combined length of the pipes leading to and from headers of the same pair is the same for all the pairs of headers, substantially as described.

3. A multitubular sectional condenser composed of parallel pipes in groups which are arranged in the same plane, headers connected each of them with a group of pipes at one end of said group and ofl'set with reference. to one another, and connecting pipes arranged in the same plane with said pipe groups and headers and each of them joined to the end of a header, this arrangement of said connecting pipes being permitted by said ofisetting of the headers, 'substantially as described.

4. A multitubular sectional condenser composed of parallel pipes in groups which are arranged in the same plane, inlet headers connected each of them withthe inlet ends of a group of pipes and ofiset with pipes arranged in the same plane with sai pipe groups and inlet headers and each of them joined to the end of an inlet header,

order to said inlet headers, and outlet connecting pipes arranged in the same plane with said pipe groups and outlet headers and each of them joined to the end of an outlet header on the opposite side of said condenser to that on which the inlet connections are located, substantially as de scribed.

5. A multitubular sectional condenser composed. ofa system'of parallel pipes in groups and headers for the respective groups offset with reference to one another, in combination with transverse pipes for the gas outlet headers connected each of them with the outlet ends ofa' group of pipes and ofiset with reference to one another in reverse inlets and outlets, and headers located on 13 opposite sides of said parallel pipes at opposite ends of the condenser and connected with the adjacent ends of the headers first nientioned by said transverse pipes, substantially as described.

6. The combination with a system of horizontally disposed condenser pipes self supporting in the spaces bridged thereby, and horizontally disposed headers at the ends of said condenser pipes offset relatively to each other, of supporting pillars T-shaped in plan and arranged with the heads of said memos T-shaped pillars under the headers and the stems thereof extending outward, that is, away from the condenser pipes, and transverse pipes leading to or from said headers and overlying the stem portions of said T- shaped pillars, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

. HOWARD E. COLE.

Witnesses:

H. B. ALBRIGHT,

GENJI KURIBARA.

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