US1227051A - Surfacing-machine. - Google Patents

Description

C. F. HEINKEL & WPGL LUETERS.

SURFACING- MACHINE.

APPLICATION HLED SEPT. 19, 1913.

Patented May 22, 1917,

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C. F. HEiNKEL & W. G. LUETERS.

SURFACING MABHINE' APPLICATION FILED S EPT- I9. 1913,

Patented May 22, 1917.

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CHRISTIAN r. HEINKEL AND. WILLIAM-G. tun'rnns, or CLEVELAND, omo;

SURFAGING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 22,1917.

Application filed September 19, 1913. Serial No. 790,793.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that We, CHRISTIAN F. HEIN- KEL and WILLIAM G. LUn'rERs, citizens of the United States, both residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented anew and useful Surfacing-Machine, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to improvements in surfacing machines in which an abrasive belt is brought to bear'upon and smooth a surface. a

The main object of our invention is an efiicient and comparatively inexpensive machine. .A number of minor and contributing objects will become obvious later in the specification and some of them will be pointed out particularly when describing the particular construction shown in the drawings.

We attain our objects by a novel arrangement and improvement. of elements as is suflicientlyillustrated in the accompanying drawings which show our invention embodied in a belt sander.

In the said drawings, Figure I is a front view of a belt sander embodying our invention; Fig. II is a side view of Fig. I; Fig. III is a section on line 60-60 of Fig. II; Fig. IV is a section on line bb of Fig. I; Fig. V is a section on line c-'c of Fig. I; and Fig. VI is a sectional view showing a matrix with rollers.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Our invention, conveniently titled surfacing machine, may be used for a variety of purposes, for instance, surfacing, smoothing, polishing, etc., of wood, metal, 'or other materials. V

For the purpose of illustration, we have embodied our invention in thebelt sander shown in the drawings, but wish to be understood that we do not limit ourselves 'to the particular construction shown.

Referring now particularly to the drawings: The base l'is provided with thebosses 2 to which the housings 3 are bolted, with the bearings I which receive the shaft 5,'

and with the bearing surface 6 to which the gear case 7 is bolted.

At their lower portion, the housings 8 are provided with slidesjS and bearings 9 for the screws -10 and-a't their upper por tion with surfaces 11 to which the guide bar 12 is bolted, with the surface 18 to which. the bracket 14 is boltedfand with the bearings 15 and 16. For the purpose of providing a large operatingspace for the table, the upper portion of the housings 3 are overhanging or form extensions. Since high vibrations are usually set up in a machine of this character, it is desirable that these overhanging extensions be connected so as to stiffen the machine. This obj ectwe accomplish by providing the brace 17 between these extensions. Furtherbraces may be provided where found necessary,

the object being to provide a machine whichis rigid and as free from vibrations as possible when in operation.

In order to provide for a large capacity or operating space of the machine, and to do so economically, we form the overhanging arms or extensions directly on the housing 3 as distinguished from merely letting the pulleys overhang asat present. With our arrangement, a comparatively short machine may be employed to operate on long -work which is also wider than the approximate width of the abrasive belt without turning the work end for end. Our arrangement also produces better work at less expense than heretofore since the surfacing I is all done in one direction which produces a better finished article than surfacing in different directions could do, it being well I known that surfacing in different directions shows plainly and detrimentally on a finished article. In the old machines it is necessary that long and wide work be turned end for end which requires a certain amount of floor space and labor and which neces-.

sitates that the work is piled some distance from the machine which requires that the operator must carry or convey the work a certain distance which also requires expense andlabor. g g

In order to avoid all of the above disad- I vantages and produce a machine which requires less floor space than heretofore,

which is more economical of first cost than heretofore, whichis more economical of op- I eration than heretofore, and which does better; work than heretofore, we provide, among the other features herein set forth,

I. down adjustmentfor. the table, the saddles.

18 are mounted on the slides 8 to slide up and down thereon. The nuts 19 are secured that the upper portions of the housing 3 to the saddles 18 and are adapted to receive the screws 10. At the upper portion, one Saddle has a flat surface 20 while the other saddle has the V shaped surface. 21; the

object for such arrangement will appear hereinafter. These saddles should be well stiffened to prevent vibration of the table.

The shaft 5 fits rotatably into the bearings 4, has a bevel gear 22 secured to each end, passes through and has hearings in the gear case 7, and has the worm Wheel 23 secured thereon inside of the gear case 7.

The gear case. 7 has bearing 24 into which the shaft 25 fits rotatably, and has a space adapted to receive the worm 26 which is secured to the lower end of the shaft 25 and meshes with the worm wheel 23. The hand Wheel 27 is secured to the upper end of shaft 25.

The screws 10 are threaded on their upper end and adapted to engage the nuts 19, fit rotatably into bearings 9, and have, at their lower end, the bevel gears 28 which mesh with the gears 22.

The table 29 has stiffeners 30 to which the rollers 31 and 32 are conveniently secured and is adapted to travel traversely by means of the rollers 31 and 32 and up and down by means of the screws 10 and their connecting mechanism. For the purpose of stiffening the table 29 lengthwise, the spacers 33 are secured to the under side of the table 29 and a lug 34 is provided on each end of the stiffeners 30. The lugs are provided on the. lower end of each spacer 33 and the braces 36 connect the lugs 34 and 35. Adjustment may be provided on the braces 36 to facilitate manufacture and to take up wear. Such adjustment is common practice and should be obvious. Similar braces may be provided on the table 29 to stiffen the same cross wise.

A satisfactoryaand easy method of mounting the guide rollers 31 and 32 is shown on a larger scale in Fig. III. The guide rollers 32 have their outer circumference grooved and adapted to the V shaped surfaces 21 and have their inner opening provided with race ways 37 which are adapted to receive a series of rolls 38 and may or may not have spacers therebetween as is common practice in roller and ball bearings. The studs 39 have race ways 40 which are adapted to the rolls 38 and also have the reduced portions 41 which fit snugly into openings in the stiffeners 30 and are held therein securely by the nuts 42. The guide rollers 31 are similar to the guide rollers 32 except that the outer circumference is flat and adapted to the surfaces 20 whereas the guide rollers 32 are grooved and adapted to the surfaces 21; otherwise the general construction is the same. This arrangement is simple of construction since the inner race also forms the shaft and the expense of forming separate. sleeves and shafts (as is common in such bearings) is eliminated, and furthermore the outer and inner races being much heavier than in the usual bearings, the danger of warping during the hardening process is lessened and, consequently, less material need be allowed for grinding and, therefore, less expense incurred in grinding; and furthermore, these heavier parts will not break as easy as the lighter ones. All of which constitutes a novel arrangement .of elements which adds materially totheutility of the machine.

The shaft 43 fits rotatably into the bearings 15 and 16 on one of the housings 3 and has the ulley 44 secured to its front end. The shaft 45 which is the driving shaft, fits rotatably into the bearings 15 and 16 on the other housing 3 and has the pulley 46 secured to its front end and the tight and loose pulleys 47 to its rear end.

The bracket 14 has a pin 48 upon which the lever 49 is fulcrumed. One end of this lever 49 carries the idler 50 and the other end carries the counterweight 51 which may be placed in a suitable-position along the lever 49 to give the belt the required tension and secured in such position by means of the set screw 52. The pulleys 44, 46, and 50 are in alinement.

Since it is desirable that a machine of this kind be adapted to operate over a large surface, we provide the traverse movement for the table 29 as hereinbefore described and we further provide the head A and adapt the same to travel along, the guide bar 12. In order to facilitate this travel, a. number of antifriction guide rollers are mounted in the head A and in order to facilitate manufacture and to take up wear, these guide rollers are adjustably mounted.

The guide bar 12 has its edges beveled as clearly seen in Fig. IV and the outer circumference of the guide rollers 53 and 54 is arranged for a series of rolls similar to those shown in Fig. III and described in connection therewith. The inner race has, in this instance, reduced portions 55 at each end instead of the one designated as 41 in Fig. III. One reduced portion 5.) of the rollers 53 is mounted in the housing 56 of the head A in proper relation with the guide bar 12 while the other reduced portion is mounted in the housing 57 of the head A also in proper relation with the guide bar 12. One reduced portion 55 of the rollers 54 is mounted in the saddle 58 while the other reduced portion 55 is mounted in the bracket 59 which is secured to the saddle 58. The saddles 58 are mounted in the housing 56 as best seen in Fig. V and are held in position by means of the gibs 60 and the screws 61.

It has been seen that the table 29 is provided with up and down movement or adj ustment by means of the hand wheel 27 and its connecting mechanism. This arrange ment is for the purpose of adjusting the table to suit any particular work to be done by the machine. It is, however, desirable that some means he at hand whereby the abrasive belt 62 may be brought to bear upon or removed from the surface operated upon more readily than by adjusting the table itself Which is generally cumbersome and requires extra time for operation particularly so when screws are used to tighten the saddles to the slides 8 which is commonly done and which we prefer to do. In order to save this time and produce an easy and rapid method of bringing the active surface of the belt 62 upon or away from the surface operated upon, the spindle 63 is mounted in the head A to travel up and down or longitudinally and, in order to reduce the friction and effort required for that purpose to a' minimum, antifriction rollers are employed to bear against the spindle 63.

The spindle 63 is made of tubing and has four beveled surfaces 64 as best seen in Fig. V. Tothe lower end of the spindle 63 is secured the plug 65 to which the matrix holder 66 is hinged by means of the pin 67 as best seen in Fig. IV. When this machine is intended for polishing or similar purposes, this matrix holder 66 may swivel traversely to, the travel of the belt 62 so that the matrix 68 may adjust itself crosswise to any inequalities which may occur when a number of pieces'are operated upon successively since it is well known in the art that it is practically impossible to manufacture a number of pieces so near alike that a rigid head will smooth the surfaces properly without removing an excessive amount of material which requires a certain amount of time; the swivel matrix holder which we provide saves this time. a When, however, the machine is intended to surface a num-. ber ofpieces successively and all to the same size and shape, the matrix holder should be rigidly secured to the spindle which may be accomplished by any of the well known means of clampingthe matrix holder to the lug. To insure even thicknesses of the pieces operated upon we'provide the stop collar 69 which may be set to any required position, preferably by clampingit to the spindle 63, since a set screw may mar the surface of the spindle and cause it to stick when it comes under the guide rollers. Instead of thespindlel63being made of round tubing and flattened as shown, it may be made of square or other shaped tubing; the object being to prevent the spindle 63 from turning sothat the matrix will always retain its proper position since the lower surface of the matrix may have an irregular contouras for instance -in 'moldingsand any turning'of the spindle may destroy the each other.

required shape of the article operated upon. Another object being to make the spindle as light and sensitive as possible; this we accomplish by using tubing for the spindle.

In order to preventthe aforesaid turning of'the spindle 63 and to provide for easy movement thereof, the guide rollers 70 and 71 are provided with their outer circumference grooved to suit the bevel surfaces 6 of the spindle 63 as best seen in Fig. V and with their inner portion arranged to receive a series of rolls similar to the rolls 38 seen in Fig. III. The inner races also being similar to the stud 39 except that the reduced portions 7 2 are provided on each end whereas the stud 39 of Fig; III has one reduced portion 41 only. One reduced portion 72 of each roller 70 is mounted in a saddle 73 while the other reduced portion 72 is mounted in the bracket 74L which is secured to the saddle 73. The saddles 73 are held in position in the head A by means of the gibs 75 and are moved for adjustment by means, of the screws 76 as best seen in Fig. V, the saddles 58 being likewise moved 'for adjustment by means of the screws 7 7 a suitable slideway for the saddles 58 and 73 being provided in the head A.

One reduced portion of each guide roller 71 is mounted in the housing 56 of the head A while the other reduced portion 71 is mounted in the housing 57 of the head A.

The object of mounting the saddles as shown is to provide adjustment for the rollers in two directions at right angles with With such arrangement it is not necessary that all of the parts be machined accurately, it is quite an undertaking t6 machine the parts sufiiciently accurate and quickly so that the rollers will bear evenly and nicely upon the surfaces of the spindle. Adjustment in one direction .is accomplished by the screws 76 and 77 as hereinbefore described whereas adjustment in the other direction is accomplished as follows: When loosening the screws 61 (Fig. V) of the left hand side for instance and tightening the screws 61 on the right hand side, the roller will be shifted toward the left hand side. WVhen the rollers are to be adjusted traversely to the adjust-. ment'just described, the slides should be arranged at right angles to the arrangement shown in the drawings which are intendedto show our invention generally. This modification, as well as many others, is thought obvious to those skilled inthe art and to need no detailed description or drawing since the drawings show sufficient mechanism to illustrate our invention.

. In order to move the spindle 63 up and down or longitudinally, the housing 57 of .the head A has two ears 7 8 between which I the lever 79 ishinged by means of the pin 80 and the plug 65 has an ear 81 towhich the connecting rod 82 is hinged by means of the pin 83. The other end of the connecting rod 82 being hinged to the lever 7 9 by means of the pin 84.

In order to prevent the spindle 63 from moving down by gravity and bring the abrasive belt in contact with the table or with the material then on the table, the spring 85 is provided inside of the hollow spindle 63. The upper end of the spring 85 being secured to the spindle 63 by means of the pin 86 and the lower end being secured to the housing 57 of the head A by means of the pin 87. In order to permit the spindle (S3 to travel longitudinally when the pin 87 is in position, a. passing through the spindle in order to find lodging in the housing, the slot 88 is provided in the spindle 63.

In order to reduce friction, the matrix may be provided with a series of rolls which are formed with the required contour. Such arrangement is shown in Fig. VI where the matrix 68 carries a series of rollers 89. In order to reduce friction still further, these rollers 89 may be provided with antifriction bearings similar to the guide rollers previously shown and described.

The belt 62 has abrasive material upon its outer surface which abrasive material may constitute sand and glass as generally used for wood working or emery or carborundum or other material as used for metal working or anv other suitable material for the above or other purposes. Such an endless belt which gives good results may readily be made of sandpaper or emery paper or emery cloth by removing the abrasive material from a suitable distance at one end of a strip of such paper or cloth of the required or necessary length to pass over the pulleys and lapping the ends and gluing them together; care being taken so that the inside lap runs with the direction of the belt travel as is well known in the construction of endless belts. The belt 62 passes over the pulleys 44: and tti and 50 and also over the matrix 68 for which purpose all of these elements should be in alinement.

Since a machine of this kind produces considerable dust, it is desirable that an exhaust fan (not shown in the drawings) be employed and that all moving parts be protccted as much as possible. In the head A this may be done by placing all of the guide rollers inside of the housing as indicated in the drawings. As a further precaution, brushes may be applied or secured to the machine at suitable positions or wherever found necessary or advisable, to brush off whatever dust may have collected on ex posed parts before the moving parts pass thereover. This brush arrangement is thought obvious without or description.

The section of the upper and rear portion of Fig. TV is taken somewhat back of line 19-?) to show the arrangement of the saddle, gibs and housing.

The operation of the machine shown in the drawings is as follows: The endless and abrasive belt 62 being placed over the pulleys and matrix as set forth and a source of power being applied to rotate the shaft at?) as for instance a belt on the pulleys t7, the abrasive belt is set in motion and travels over the pulleys 44, re, and 50 and over the matrix. The material to be operated upon is placed upon the table 29 which is then adjusted to a convenient height by means of the hand wheel 27 which rotates the shaft 25 and the worm 20 whereby the worm wheel 23 and the shaft 5 and the gears 22 are rotated which in turn rotate the gears 28 and the screws 10; when the desired height of the table elevation is reached, the saddles 18 areclamped in position. Traverse adjustment of the table is accomplished in this instance by merely pushing the table to the desired position horizontally for which purpose the top portion of the saddles is made long as shown in the drawings. The table being prevented from displacement by the beveled surfaces 21 and yet will not bind and will always move freely owing to the flat surface 20 which permits of variation between the surface 20 and the rollers 31 whereby ease of manufacture (the parts need not be machined accurately) is attained and wear of the slides and bearings may be taken up without disturbing the free movement of the table. The spindle 63 is held up and out of the way by the spring 85. Now take hold of the lever 79 and pull outward and downward. The lever 79 being hinged to the housing, will fulcrum on the pin 80 and cause the pin 84 to travel on this fulcrum whereby a downward movement is given to the connecting rod 82 and also to the spin dle 63. hen the spindle is so moved down and the abrasive belt touches or is pressed upon the surface to be smoothed, the lever 79 will stand outward from the head A which is then moved along the bar 12 by pushing the same lever 79 back and forth longitudinally as required. lVhen the head A is so moved, the matrix also moves with it and the surface over which it moves will be smoothed. When the work is completed, the lever 79 is released or pushed up and will be held in the upper position shown in the drawings by means of the spring 85. When a surface wider than the matrix is to be smoothed, the lever 79 may be operated by one hand and the table 29 moved traversely by the other hand. hen the spindle 63 is operated up and down, the belt 62 further drawing weight 51 being set inproper position on the lever d9 tofacilitate such movement and to provide the required tension on the belt 62. The guide rollers are adjusted by ma nipulating the screws 7 6 and 77 and the gibs'60 and 75 as hereinbefore set forth.

The Construction and operation of the machine shown in the drawings should now be clear.

We will now add a few general remarks which will further explain our invention and help to understand the same.

Our invention aims toproduce a machine which has a wide range of operation, in which the manuallabor for operation is re duced to a minimum, which has a long life, and in which the operating members are in convenient positions for the operator and are made light in weight. We accomplish our aim by new and novel arrangements and combinations of old elements with new ones or improved ones as shown in the drawings and described in connection therewith and as indicated, generally, by the following suggestions for modifications: I

In order to reduce friction, all moving parts may be provided with antifriction bearings instead of those shown in the drawings. In order to prolong the life of the machine, all bearings may be made adjustable. The drawings show alternate guide rollers provided with adjustable bearings but all of the guide rollers may have such bearings] The spindle, matrix, and operating levers should be as light as possible in order to provide ease of operation and sensitiveness for operation. The overhanging arms on the housings should be as'stiif as possible to prevent vibration of the machine. The table may also be provided with traverse braces similar 'to the longitudinal braces shown in the drawings. A rack may be secured to one of the saddles or to the housing and a pinion mounted on the tablefor hand operation and to mesh with the rack for traverse feed of the table. A suitable clamping arrangement may be provided to clamp the table in any traverse position. Guides may be placed on the tableso that a number of pieces to be operated upon may be placed thereon successively in the same position with relation to the matrix. The head A may be omitted, in which case the operator holds the matrix in his hand and moves it along the surface to be smoothed. Automatic feed in both directions may be provided for the head A together with automatic feed reverse either at each end of the guide bar or at any point intermediate the ends.

It is thought that the scope of our invention is now fully understood.

l Vithout limiting ourselves to the particular construction shown and described, we claim:

1. In a surfacing machine, the combination of a housing, two rotatable shafts on the housing, a pulley on the front end of each shaft, an abrasive belt over the pulleys, means for taking up the slack in the belt, a guide bar with beveled edges secured to and connecting the housing near the top, a head to travel lengthwise on the bar, four rollers mounted in the head and having a V shaped circumference, each roller engaging two of the beveled edges to prevent lost motion of the head both traversely and vertically, a matrix mounted in the head and adapted to press the abrasive belt upon the work, a table, means for operating the table, and means for operating the abrasive belt.

2. A surfacing machine having a bed and a housing, a table mounted thereon, two arms projecting from the housing and overhanging the table to permit of work longer than the machine to be operated upon, a guide bar with beveled edges secured to and connecting the arms, a head to travel longitudinally on the guide bar, four rollers with a V shaped outer circumference mounted in the head, each rollerengaging two of the beveled edges to prevent vertical and traverse movement of the head, a rotatable shaft mounted on each arm, a pulley on the front end of each shaft, an abrasive belt over the pulleys, a matrix mounted in the head and adapted to press the abrasive belt upon the work, means for taking up the slack in the belt, and means for operatingthe belt and the table. 7

3. A surfacing machine having a bed and housing, a table mounted thereon, two arms projecting from the housing and overhanging the table to permit of Work longer than the machine to be operated upon, a guide bar with beveled edges secured to and connecting the arms, a head to travel longitudinally on the guide bar, four rollers with V shaped outer circumference mounted in the head, each roller engaging two of the beveled edges to prevent vertical and traverse movement of the head, a second set of four rollers with V shaped outer circumferences mounted in the head, a spindle with four flat and longitudinal surfaces between the last mentioned rollers, each roller engaging two of the flat surfaces to hold the spindle in alinement and prevent rotation thereof, a matrix on the end of the spindle, a rotatable shaft on each arm, a pulley on the front end of each shaft, an abrasive belt over the pulleys and the matrix, means for taking up the slack of the belt, and means for operating the matrix and the table and the belt.

42. The combination of a guide bar having beveled edges with a head having rollers formed to engage the beveled edges for the purpose set forth and having a spindle with flat longitudinal surfaces and rollers formed to engage the flat surfaces for the purpose set forth.

5. In a surfacing machine, the combination of a bed and housing thereon, a guide bar secured to the housing, a head suspended upon the guide bar, a spindle in the head, a plurality of flat surfaces longitudinally on the spindle, a plurality of guide rollers hearing against the spindle, the outer circumference of each guide roller formed to en gage two of the flat and longitudinal surfaces on the spindle, the inner circumference of each guide roller forming the outer race for a series of rolls, a stud for each guide roller mounted in the head and forming the inner race for the rolls, a series of rolls between the inner and outer races, a matrix on the spindle, means for operating the spindle, an abrasive belt passing over the aforesaid pulleys and over the matrix, a source of power to operate the belt, a 1n0vabge table, and means for operating the ta 1e.

6. The head A having a set of guide rollers, the outer circumference of these guide rollers formed to engage a guide from which the head is suspended, the inner circumference or recess of the guide rollers forming the outer race for a series of rolls, a stud for each of the guide rollers mounted in the head and forming the inner race for the rolls, and a series of rolls between each inner and outer race.

7. In a surfacing machine, the combination of a guide bar having beveled edges, and head suspended from the guide bar and having rollers, and each roller formed to engage two of the beveled edges.

8. In a surfacing machine, the combination of a head, a spindle having longitudinal fiat surfaces in the head, each two flat surfaces at an angle with each other, a set of rollers in the head, each roller formed to engage two of the flat surfaces, and means for adjusting the rollers in relation to the spindle. CHRISTIAN F. HEINKEL. IVILLIAM G. LUETERS. Vitnesses HENRY R. SYDow,

MAXIMILLIAN Mrsorr.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

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