US1225408A - Refrigerating-machine. - Google Patents

Description

G. P. CARROLL.

REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION man OCT. I1, 1913.

Patented May 8, 191?.

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Patented May 8, 1917.

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3 mm m/coz wmw G. P. CARROLL.

REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 1|. 1913.

Patented May 8, 1917.

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. GEORGE P. CARROLL, OF BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT.

REFRIGERATING-MACHIN E.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May a, rail '7.

Application filed October 11, 1913. Serial No. 794,583.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE P. CARROLL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bridgeport, county of Fairfield, and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Refrigerating-Machine, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in refrigerating machines, especially of the absorption type and more especially of the intermittent absorption type. The purpose of my invention is to construct such a machine that will be of simple and reliable mechanism, that will besafe and easy of operation, that will be economical in its use of cooling water, that will not permit of the lodgment of absorbent in any place outside of the still and that will require a minimum of attention. The means employed for accomplishing this purpose are set forthin the accompanying drawings and in the description relating thereto. There are certain detail improvements of construction that will also so appear.

In the drawings, Figure 1 shows my invention, somewhat diagrammatically represented, partially in front elevation and partially in vertical section. Fig. 2 is an enlarged partial front elevation and partial vertical section of certain parts of the preceding structure and of certain additional detail parts. Fig. 3 is a still more enlarged front elevation of certain parts shown in the preceding figures, including a grooved cam. Fig. 4 is a right end elevation of the struc ture of the last preceding figure. Fig. 5 is a right end elevation of part of the structure of Fig. 2, a rod 164, however, being shown in vertical section through the line 55, looking toward the left. Fig. 6 is a right end elevation of the main part of a condenser, a pipe 10, however, being shown in vertical section. Fig. 7 is a vertical section of the structure of the last preceding figure as seen through the line 77 of Fig. 1, looking toward the left. Fig. 8 is an enlarged partial vertical section and a partial back elevation of part of the mechanism that controls the flow of condensing water.

A delivery gas pipe 1 leads upward into the lower end of the annular gas passage of a slightly declined dehydrator 2, containing part of a water pipe 3, leading downward the axial center of the dehydrator. From beneath the upper end of the dehydrator 2, a gas pipe 4 leads into the top of a horizontal cylindrical,condenser5, of much greater length than diameter. A pressure gage 6 is connected with the topof the tank 5. Heads 7 and 8 inclose the opposite ends of the tank 5, being secured to flanges on the tank by bolts 9. A pipe 10 extends through the heads 7 and 8 and between the heads occupies a horizontal position near the lowest part of the tank 5, just back of its central vertical plane. A pipell extends through the heads 7 and 8 and occupies a horizontal position near the lowest part of the tank 5, just in front of its central vertical plane and in the horizontal plane of the pipe 10, as shown in Fig. 7. Similarly pipes 12, 13, 14 and 15 extend through the heads 7 and 8 and between the heads occupy horizontal positions in a plane a little above the plane of the pipes 10 and 11. Similarly pipes 16, 17, 18 and 19 extend through the heads 7 and 8 and between the heads occupy horizontal positions in a plane a little above the plane of the .pipes 12, 13, 14 and 15. Similarly pipes 20,- 21, 22 and 23 extend through the heads 7 and 8 and between the heads occupy horizontal positions in a plane a little above the plane of the pipes 16, 17 18 and 19. And lastly a pipe 24 extends through the heads 7 and 8, near the top of the tank 5, and be. tween the heads occupies a horizontal position in a plane a little above the plane of the pipes 20,21, 22 and 23. The outlet end of the pipe 24 leads into the pipe 3, which proceeds upward to an angleand then enters the dehydrator 2. The pipes 10 to 24 inclusive are so grouped that more than half of their number, between theheads 7 and 8, occupy the lower half of the tank 5. A return bend 25 connects left exterior ends of the pipes 10 and 11. A return bend 26 connects the right exterior ends of the pipes 11- and 12. A return bend 27 connects the left exterior ends of the pipes 12 and 13. A return bend 28 connects the right exterior ends of the pipes 13 and 14. A return bend 29 connects the left'exterior ends of the pipes 14 and 15. A return bend 30 connects the right exterior ends of the pipes 15 and 16. A return bend 31 connects the left exterior ends of the pipes 16 and 17. A return bend 32 connects right exterior ends of the pipes 17 and 18.

'A return bend 33 connects the left exterior ends of the pipes 18 and 19. A return bend 34 connects the right exterior ends of. the pipes 19 and 20. A return bend 35 connects the left exterior ends of the pipes 20 and 21 the A return bend 36 connects the right exterior ends of the pipes 21 and 22. A return bend 37 connects the left exterior ends of the pipes I I "22 and 23. And a return bend 38 connects the right exterior ends of the pipes 23 and 24. It thus appears that the course of water entering the pipe 10 is from one horizontal plane upward to anotherhorizontal plane and finally into the pipe 3. A liquid level gage 39, communicating through the head 7, with the interior of the tank 5, indicates the height of liquid within the tank. A short' transmitting liquid refrigerant pipe 40 leads downward from the under side of the tank 5.

The parts 1 to 40 inclusive, the outlet end of the casing 125, to be described, and the inlet end of the casing 41, to be described,

' are suflicient to constituteone form of condenser having a cooling water passage. The

parts 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 40, and the part of the.

piping between the heads '7 and 8, are suflicient to constitute one form of a condenser and refrigerant reservoir casing.

From the pipe 40 an expansion valve casing 41 leads downward to the upper end of a descending expansion coil 42. It is to be understood that the greater part of the coil 42 occupies space in a refrigerator, or in a brine tank, or in some other place tov be refrigeratedf The: outside andtlower end of the coil 42 leads into a still inlet valve casing 43.

j The outlet end of the casing 41, the coil 42 and the inlet end of the casing 43 are sufli additional radiating surface on the inside of the shell 44, but they also prevent the for mation of a stagnant layer of water vapor on the inside of the bottom wall of the shell. A cover 46 is secured to the flanged top of the shell 44. A pressure gage47 is con-, nected through an opening in the cover 46 with the interior of the shell 44. A thermometer 48 has its stem extending far doWn-.

ward through the cover 46 into the interior of the shell 44. A tube 49 to contain a thermostat and closed at its lower end, also extends far downward through the cover 46. A heat retaining jacket 50 surrounds the sides of the shell 44, being spaced a little distance away therefrom, and is secured at its top to the flange of the shell. A flue 51, for the escape of the products of combustion,

leads from the top of one side of the jacket I 50. Preferably the jacket 50 is covered outside with quarter of an inch of asbestos. An inletpipe 52 leads from the casing 43 through the cover 46 nearly as far-as the bottom Wall of the casing 44, and flares outward at its lower end. A p1pe 53 leads upward from an opening in the cover 46 to the vicinity of the pipe 1. From the pipe 53, a pressure transmitting pipe 54, threaded at its top, extends into the internally threaded lower end of a flanged lower casing 55. As shown in Fig. 8, the central up er part of the casing 55 is in the form of a hub,

vertically perforated in alinement with the top of the pipe 54 and also transversely perforated at its top, and having an annular space around the hub within the flange of the casing. A diaphragm 56, preferably of very thin vanadium steel, extends across the top ofthe casing 55 to the circumference of its flange, and, at its center, when in a neu- -'tral position, is just'above the top of the hubof the casing. Bythis construction there 1s a free passage for fluid between the pipe 54 and the casing 55 and the pressure of fluid in the pipe and the pressure of fluid under the diaphragm 56 are kept equal. Similarly a pressure transmitting pipe 57 is connected with an opening in the cover 46 and extends into the lower end of a flanged lower casing 58, similar to the easing 55. A diaphragm 59, preferably of very thin vanadium steel, similarly extends across the top of the casing 58 to the circumference of itsflange. A cooling water pipe 60 leads through the lower right sides of the jacket 50 and of the shell 44, coils upward in the shell and passes through the same sides of the shell and of the jacket and thence to the waste.

The parts 44 to 60 inclusive, the outlet end of the casing 43 and theinlet end of the casing 125, to be described, are suflicient to constitute one form of still adapted to contain an absorbent and having a cooling water passage.

A pipe 61, connected with the water mains I or other source of cooling water, leads into the right end of the pipe 10. From the pipe 61 a branch pipe 62 leads into a valve casing 63. The lower end of the casing 63 leads into the inlet end of, the pipe 60. From the lowest part of the pipe 60 that leads into the jacket 50 and shell 44, a short pipe 64 leads into a valve casing 65, connected with the outlet end of the pipe 60.

. A main gas pipe 66, leading from the gas mains and provided with a hand valve 67, that is kept open at all times during which it is desired tooperate the machine, leads into a valve casing 68. From the casing 68 a short pipe 69 leads into another valve casing 70; from the casing 70 a pipe 71 leads into a valve casing 72; and from the casing 13o shellA. From thefinlet end of the casing per casing 85 has in its top a 4:4, aesmall branch pipe 74 leads to a pilot burner 75, emerging within the circle of the burner 73.

The outlet end of the pipe 3 leads into the side of a short vertical pipe 76. From the lowerend of the pipe 76 a series of pipe connections 77 lead horizontally and then upward, through the bottom and top plates of a bracket 78, into a valve casing 79, supported upon the top plate of the bracket. From the casing 79, a pipe 80 passes downward through the plates of the bracket 78 and leads into the upper part of the pipe 60.

A flanged its flange resting upon the center of' the diaphragm 56 and has, near its top, a recess extending from side to side and open at the back of the foot. Free I to reciprocate slightly in this recess is a slide block 82,

having through it from back to front, in a direction transverse to that of the recess, a partially cylindrical opening containing an inner lever 83. The opening through the block 82 slightly exceeds half a circle, so that, after the block and the movabllrle' end of the lever 83 have been inserted in t e recess of the foot 81, the lever cannotbe withdrawn from the block, but causes it to reciprocate slightly as the lever -is correspondingly rocked. The foot 81 has, at its top, a central hub of reduced diameter. cal compression spring 84 rests on top of the foot 81 and around its hub. A flanged upthreaded vertical opening. A head 86 has a flanged part bearing upon the top of the spring 84. and has a threaded top occupying the opening in the casing 85 and longitudinally adjustable therein, so that the thrust of the spring may be varied as desired. A rock shaft 87 passes through a horizontal opening in the front wall of the casing 85 and through a shaft opening in the end of the lever 83, away from the block 82, and is secured to the lever so that it may move in unison. The flanges of the casings 55 and 85, and an end of the bracket 78 resting on the casing 85, are clamped together by bolts 88 hold the circumference of the diaphragm 56 and to firmly support the bracket. A cap 89 tightly screws over the threaded top of the casing 85 so as to prevent the escape of any gas passing by the head 86. It is to be understood that the joints between the diaphragm 56 and the casings 55 and 85 may be made tight by means of gaskets, as is well known in the art, and that any escape of gas past the shaft 87 may be prevented. by a stuffing box device, as also so well known. The lower part of the casing 85 is so formed that it limits the outward movement of the flange of the foot 81 and also guides the part aaaagee 0t 81, as shown in Fig. 8, has

A heavy heli-' so as to tightly.

of the foot just above its flange. An outer lever 90 is secured at its lower end to the outside'end of the shaft 87 and at its upper end is pivoted to the horizontal stem of a clutch 91. K

The construction and operation of the parts 81 to 90 inclusive, in conjunction with the diaphragm and lower casing with which they are connected, are set forthand claimed in the application of Carrolland Roehrich, Ser. No. 600,091, filed Dec. 30, 1910, entitled Quick motion controller. But I am not limited to the construction so set forth. As, for instance, in place thereof, there might be substituted the construction shown in the patent to Carpenter, 946,771, Jan. 18, 1910.

In the casing 79 is a narrow rim-like valve seat 92, in a substantially vertical plane, of T relatively large diameter and opening toward the inlet of the casing and the pipe connection 77. A disk valve 93 is adapted for'seatingonthe seat 92 and has a motor stem extending toward the outlet of the easing 79 and a guide stem extending from the opposite side of the valve. A cap 94 screws into and closes the inlet end of the casing 7 9 and has integral with itself a guiding spider, within which the guide stem of the valve 93 may reciprocate. The outletend of the casing 79 has a threaded recess, containing, at 1ts inner end, a diaphragm 95, preferably of phosphor bronze, which closes the casing, and is secured at its center to. the outer end of the motor stem of the valve 93.

An outer stem 96 is secured to the outer center of the diaphragm 95, in axial alinement with the valve 93, and is threaded at its outer end. A guide cap 97 is screwed into the recess of the casing 79, so as to clamp the circumference of the diaphragm 95, and it also has a central-opening through which the stem 96 may reciprocate and in which it is guided. The end of the clutch 91, away from the end of its stem pivoted to the lever 90, consists of an upright part, with two L-shaped toward each other. A motor head 98 occupies the space thus formed in the clutch 91, being slid into the clutch from the front or back, and has an internally threaded sleeve screwing over the end of the stem 96. After the head 98 has been longitudinally adjusted upon the stem 96, a milled lock nut 99 pre viously screwed backward along the stem, is screwed forward so as to hold the head in place.

projections extending from'its top and bottomtoward the casing-79 and then The valve 93 and certain of its connected parts are set forth and claimed in the application of Frank N. Roehrich, Ser. No. 564,

"580, filed June 2, 1910, entitled or to be entitled Condenser water valve. But I am not limited to the construction so set forth. As,

for instance, in PTziEe thereof, there might be substituted the construction shown in the patent to Culver, 985,147, Feb. 28, 1911.

The upper end of the pipe 76 extends into the lower end of a flanged lower casing 100. A diaphragm, similar to the 'diaphragm 56, but preferably of rubber, extends across the top of the casing 100, to the circumference of its flange. A flanged foot 101, similar to the foot 81, has its flange resting upon the diaphragm inclosing the casing and of a little less diameter than the movable part of the diaphragm and on top it is transversely slotted with pivot opening extending through each fork thus formed. A flanged upper casing 102 has on top a hub, with a vertical opening, surrounding and guiding the stem of the foot 101; and it has the circumference of its flange covering the inclosed diaphragm and secur'ed to the casing 100. A lever 103 is, pivoted, a little tothe right of its center, to a bracket integral with the casing 102 and to the right of the hub of the casing; and it is also pivoted within the forks of the foot 101. A rod 104; is pivoted to the left end of the lever 103, extends through an opening in a bracket 105, secured to the upper part of the pipe 76, and has secured to its lower end a longitudinally adjustable disk 106. A helical compression spring 107 surrounds the 1 rod 104 and bears on top against the underside of the bracket 105 and at the bottom against the upper side of the disk 106. A connecting rod 108 is pivoted at its upper end to the right end of the lever 103 and at its lower end to the right end of a lever 109. The lever 109 is plivpted near its center to a bracket integral with the top of the casing 68. A valve 110 is adapted to close the valve seat of the casing 68 from above and has a stem extending through the top of the casing and pivoted to' the left end of the lever 109. The valve seat in the casing 68'is beyond the part of the casing from which the pipe 7a departs, so that, even while the valve rounds the stem 111 above its flan e. A

flanged upper casing 113 surroun s the nut spring 112 and the lower part of the stem 111 and secures the diaphragm 59 to the casing 58,.the inner part of the flange of the casing 113 and the outer edge of the flange of the casing 58 being threaded, so that the former is screwed over the latter after the diaphragm and its adjacent upper part have been put in place. A threaded 114; screws into a correspondingly threaded vertical opening in the top of the casing 113, so that it bearsupon the top of 110 is closed, there may be a free flow of gas through the pipe and secured to the center of the upper side of the diaphragm 116 and the upper end of I the valve 115, so that the stem. and valve move together with the diaphragm between them. A cap 118 surrounds the stem 117 above its foot and clamps the circumference 'of the diaphragm 116 to the top of the eas- 1ng 70. A bracket 119, integral with the casing 113 and projecting therefrom upward and to the left, has a vertical opening through which the upper end of the stem 117 reciprocates. A collar 120 surrounds the stem 117 a little below the bracket 119 and has a projection extending to the right. A helical compression spring 121 surrounds the stem 117 and bears on top against the under side of the bracket 119 and at its lower end against the upper side of the collar 120. A bell crank lever 122 is piv oted to the bracket 119. The lever 122 has the top of the stem 111, and is longitudi- V nally adjustable in the opening. A lever 124, with a handle at its'left end, is pivoted at its right end to a bracket projecting 'upward from the left part 'of the flange of the casing 113. The lever 124 has a longitudinal slot, extending from front to back, in which is a pin secured to the stem 117.

The parts 111 to 1242 inclusive are suflicient to constitute, one form of safety device, operating to terminate the heating of the still, in case the pressure therein, in the time of heating, rises above a normal limit.

v A valve casing 125 connects the outlet end. of the pipe 53 with the inlet end of the pipe 1. A still outlet valve 126, within the casing 125, is adapted to close the valve seat of the casing from beneath; it has within the lower end a threaded vertical cavity; and it is guided by vertical grooves within the casing, not shown in the drawings, so that it cannot rotate. A stem 127 is threaded at its upper end and screws up and down within the eavity of the valve 126; it has a collar near its top; and it extends a considerable distance below the casing 125. A cover 128 screws upon and into the correspondingly threaded lower end of the casing and surrounds memos l a the stem 127 below the-collar of the latter. Packing 129, Within a stuffing box at the lower end of the cover 128, surrounds the stem 127. A gland nut 130 surrounds the stem 127 below the packing 129. A cap 131 screws over the lower end of the cover 128 so as to press the nut 130 upon the packing 129. The construction of the parts 125 to 131 inclusive is Well known in the art. A bracket 132, secured to the cover 128, has a horizontal arm with a vertical opening, in which the stem 127 rotates. A beveled gear Wheel 133 is secured to the lower end of the stem 127 below the horizontal arm of the bracket 132. A shaft 134 is journaled at its back end in a bracket 135 secured to the cover 128; it has near its back end a disk 136 with a radial slot 137 therein; it has in front of the disk a beveled gear wheel 138, engaging with the wheel 133; and it has at its extreme front end a hand wheel 139.

The construction of the parts 125 to 139 inclusive is such that, when the wheel 139 is turned backward a half circle to the left, it turns the shaft 134, the wheel 138 and the disk 136 through a half circle. This rotation of the wheel 138 rotates the wheel 133 and the stem 127 in the opposite direction. And the rotation of the stem 127 within the cavity of the valve 126 moves the valve downward so as to lift it from its seat and to open a passage through the casing 125. And when subsequently the wheel 139 is turned forward a half circle to its original position, by the same agencies, the valve 127 is seated and the passage through the casing 125 is closed. The collar on the stem 127 prevents it from dropping downward.

A valve 140, within the casing 72, is,

adapted to close the valve seat of the casing from the left; and it has the same construction as the valve 126. A stem 141, like the stem 127, similarly operates the valve 140 and extends outward to .the left through a cover 142, inclosing the casing 72. A bearing 143 supports the stem 141 near its left end and a sprocket 144 is secured to the extreme leftend of the stem. A hearing 145 supports a shaft 146 near its left end. The bracket 132 also has adepending arm, having a horizontal opening, in which the shaft 146 is journaled near its right end. A sprocket 147 is secured to the extreme left end of the shaft 146. A sprocket chain 148 engages the teeth of the sprockets 144 and 147 and extends from one to the other. A beveled gear Wheel 149 is secured to the right end of the shaft 146 and engages with the wheel 138.

The construction of the parts 140 to 149 inclusive is such that when the wheel 139 is turned backward a half circle'to the left, it not merely opens the valve 126, as has been described, but also the wheel 138 rotates the wheel 149, the shaft 146 and the wheel 147.

This rotation of the wheel 147 operates-the chain 148 so as to rotate the wheel 144 and the stem 141 and to open the valve 140. And when subsequently the wheel 139.is turned forward a half circle to its original position, by the same agencies, the valve 140 is closed.

A still inlet valve 150, within the casing 43, is adapted to close the valve seat of the casing from above; and it has the same construction as the valve 126. A-stem151, like the stem 127, similarly. operates the valve 150 and extends upward through a cover 152, inclosing the casing 43. cured to the cover 152, has a horizontal arm with a vertical opening, in which the stem 151 rotates. A beveled gear wheel 154 is secured to the top of the stem 151 above the horizontal arm of the bracket 153. A shaft 155 is journaled at its back end in a bracket 156 secured to the cover 152; it has near its back end a grooved cam 157 with its groove 158 in front; it has in front of the cam abeveled gear wheel 159, engaging with the wheel 154; and it has in its extreme front end a hand wheel 160. A lever 161 is pivoted at its lower end toa bracket 162, integral with the cover 152. A pin 163 occupies an opening from front to back through the lever 161, on a horizontal level with the shaft 155; it has pivoted to its front end a rod 164, extending to the right; and at its rear end it occupies successive positions in the groove 158 as the cam 157 is rotated. A pin 165 is secured to the top of the lever 161 and is adapted to occupy a position, as shown, at theinner end of the slot 137 and, when so occupying the slot, it looks the disk 136 and prevents it from being rotated.

The construction of the parts 150 to 165 inclusive is such that, when the wheel 160 is turned forward a half circle to the right, it turns the shaft 155, the wheel 159 and the cam 157 through a half circle. This rotation of the wheel 159 rotates the wheel 154 and the stem 151 in the opposite direction so as to close the valve 150. Also this rotation of the cam 157 causes it to travel around the pin 163 in such a way that the pin and the lever 161 are forced to the right and the pin 165 is forced to the right and outside of the slot 137. Consequently the disk 136 is now unlocked and can be turned. And after the disk 136 has subsequently beenturned back to its original position with the slot 137 to the right, but not previously to such turning, the wheel 160 may be turned back a half circle to its original position, so as, by the same agencies, to force the pin 165 into its locking position in the slot 137 and to close the valve 150.

An expansion valve 166, within the casing 41, is adapted to close the valve seat of the casing from the right; it is in the form of a needle valve; but otherwise it is constructed like the valve 126. A stem 167, like the A bracket 153, se-

stem'127, similarly operates the valve 166; it is provided with a similar collar; and ex- .tends to the right through a cover 168, in-

- extreme left end of the shaft 17 5. A sprocket chain 17 7 engages the teeth of the sprockets 173 and 176 and extends from one to the other. A beveled gear wheel 178 is secured to the right end of the shaft 175 and engages with the wheel 159.

A supply valve 17 9, within the casing 63, is adapted to close the valve seat of the casing from the right and is secured to the extreme right end of the rod 164. A cover 180 surrounds the rod 164 and incloses the casing 63. Upon the rod 164, to the left of the cover 180, is a collar 181. A helical compression spring 182 surrounds the rod 164, bears at one end against the cover 180 and at the other end against the collar 181, and thus tends to thrust the rod 164 to the right and to open the valve 17 9.

A drain valve 183, within the casing 65, is adapted to close the valve seat of the casing from the right and has a stem extending through a cover 184, inclosing the casing. A bell crank lever 185 is pivoted on a bracket 186; it has a longitudinal slot in its upper arm, within which is a pin 187, secured to the rod 164; and it has a substantially vertical rod 188 pivoted, on top, to the end of its right, arm. A bell crank lever 189 ispivoted on a bracket 190; it has the end of its left arm pivoted to the lower end of the rod 188; and it has the end of its lower arm pivotedto the outer end of the stem of the v valve 183.

The construction of the parts 166 to 190 inclusive is such that, when the Wheel 160 is turned forward ahalf circle to the right, not merely is the valve 150 closed, as has been described, but also the wheel 159 rotates the wheel 178, the shaft 175 and the wheel 176. This rotation of the wheel 176 operates the chain 177 so as to rotate the wheel 17 3 and the stem 167 and to close the valve 166. Simultaneously the cam 157 forces the pin 163, the rod 164, the pin 187 and the collar 181 to the right so as to compress the spring 182 and to close the valve 179. And also simultaneously the pin 187 moves the lever 185, the rod188 and the lever 189 so as to open the valve 183. And when subsequently the wheel 160 is turned back a half circle toits original position, not merely is the valve 150 open, as has been naaaeos described, but also, by the agencies stated, the valves 166 and 179 are open and the valve 183 is closed, the spring 182 assisting in opening the valve 179 and closing the valve 183.

Inserted in the pipe 53, just before its entrance into the casing 125, is a T 191 with a short pipe extending upward into a chamber casing 192, inclosed on top by 0. diaphragm similar to the diaphragm 56. A bracket 193 partially supports the casing 192 and also supports an alarm clock mechanism including a gong 194 and an. actuating pin 195. The construction and operation of such an alarm clock mechanism is well known in the art. When the pin 195 is pushed upward, the gong 194 sounds and rotates clockwise. Then, to wind up the mechanism and to depress the pin 195, the gong 194 must be rotated counterclockwise. A lever 196 is pivoted at its left end on the bracket 193; it has a notch on its under side near its left end; and it has its right end immediately under the pin 195, so that if the lever is moved upward, it will push the pin upward. A frame 197 bears upon the circumference of the diaphragm closing the top of the casing 192 and clamps the diaphragm and'casing together; and it has in its top a threaded vertical opening. A

flanged rod 198 has its flange bearing upon the center of the upper surface of the diaphragm, closing the top of the casing 192; it extends up through the opening in the top of the frame 197; and ontop it. has a knife edge engaging with the lever 196 in its notch. A helical compression spring 199 surrounds the rod 198 above its flange. A threaded-nut 200 surrounds the rod 198 above the spring 199 and is longitudinally adjustable within the opening in the frame 197. A pinion 201 is secured to the center of the gong 194- A bell crank lever .202 is pivoted on the bracket 193 and has at the end of its longer arm a gear segment 203 engaging with the pinion 201. A rod 204 is the lever 202. A bell crank lever 205 is pivoted on a bracket 206 and hasthe end of one arm pivoted to the lower end of the rod 204. The lower end of the other arm of the lever 205 is forked and straddles the rod 164 to the right of a collar 207, secured to the rod.

A bracket 208 is secured to the cover 46 and has a vertical opening in alinement with the tube 49. Within the tube 49 is a hard copper tube closed at its lower end and secured on top within the opening of the bracket 208. Within this copper tube is a non-expansive porcelain rod reaching upward substantially as far as the bracket 208. On top of this porcelain rod, within the copper tube, is a pin 209, having a knife edge bearing on top. 'When, under the in- 130' aeaeoe fluence of heat coming through the walls of the tube 49, the copper tube expands, the porcelain rod and the pin 209 drop farther down into the copper tube. And when the tube 49 cools down, the copper tube contracts and forces the porcelain rod and the pin 209 upward. The copper tube, the porcelain rod and the pin 209 thus constitute a thermostat. Such construction is well known in the art and is also illustrated in my application Ser. No. 748,589, hereinafter referred to. A, lever 210 is pivoted at its left end to the bracket 208; it has a notch on its under side near its left end; and it has the lower end of a vertical rod 211 pivoted to its right end. A helical compression spring 212, at its lower end, bears upon the part of the lever 210 over its slot, and, on top, bears against the under side of an adjusting pin 213 extending through a projecting upper arm of the bracket 208. A bracket 214 supports an alarm clock mechanism including a gong 215, an actuating pin 216, and a pinion 217, in all respects like the similar mechanism previously referred to. A lever 218 is pivoted near its center to the bracket 214; it has the upper end of the rod 211 pivoted to its left end; and it has its right end immediately under the pin 216. A gear segment 219 engages the pinion 217 and has an arm pivoted near its lower end on the bracket 214. The extreme lower end of the arm of the segment 219, below its pivot, is in the form of a finger 220, to the left of a collar 221 that is secured to the rod 164.

The method of operation is as follows: The shell 44 contains, as an absorbent, water;

. preferably distilled, of a volume about equal to three-tenths of the capacity of the shell. Such a volume of water will permit of a solution of the strength that will be indicated. With the parts in the position shown, the valves 166, 150, 179, 110 and 115 being open and the valves 126, 183 and 140 being closed, the absorption period of the machine is in progress. That is to say, liquid ammonia, from the condenser is passing the expansion valve, is vaporizing in the evaporator so as to produce refrigeration outside of the coil 42, and is being absorbed, as it leaves the evaporator in expanded condition, by the absorbent water in the still. The tendency of the expanded ammonia, forming a solution with the absorbent water, is to produce heat in the still. This heat is removed by a flow of cooling water through the pipe 60, so as to keep the temperature in the still down to about 86 F. If, as will be explained, the still has been previously heated to a temperature of' 300 under a head pressure of 150 pounds, when it has cooled down nearly to atmospheric temperature and the absorption period begins, the gage 47 indicates about 20 inches of vacuum in the still and the temperature in the evaporator is about 60. If the temperature outside of'the evaporator gets too cold, the hand wheel 160 may be turned to the right so as to valves 166, 150 and 179 and to open the valve 183. This action simultaneously shuts ofi' the flow of liquid ammonia into the evaporator, the flow of expanded ammonia into the still and the flow of cooling water into the pipe 60. I

As the absorption period progresses, the pressure in the still, as indicated by the gage 47, gradually rises, until finally it becomes no longer advantageous to continue absorbing. This limit may be well taken as a pressure in the still of 45 pounds, as indicated by the gage 47. At that pressure and at a temperature of 86, there are about 27 pounds of ammonia in solution with every 25 pounds of absorbent water in the still and the temperature in the evaporator has risen to about 31. If 45 pounds is the prc= determined pressure limit for the absorptlon period, the nut 200 is so adjusted that the spring 199 resists an upward movement of the rod 198, until the pressure in the st1ll and in the T 191 approaches 45 pounds, and, on that limit being reached, permits the rod to force the lever 196 against the pm 195. The movement of the pin 195, consequent upon this action, causes the gong 194 to sound and thus calls the attention of the operator to the machine, even if he has not previously observed the gage 47. The rotation of the gong 194 and the pinion 201 rotates the segment 203 and the lever 202 to the left and lifts the rod 204 and the lever 205, until the forked arm of the latter is close against the collar 207. Thereupon the operator turns the hand wheel 160 to the right so as to finally close the valves 166, 150 and 179, to open the valve 183 and to move the pin 165 beyond the slot 137. Gonsequently no more ammonia can enter the evaporatorv and the still, no more water enters the pipe 6.0, and the water already in the plpe drains oil through the valve 183. The movement to the right of the rod 164 and the collar 207 moves the forked arm of the lever 205 to the right and thus pulls down the rod 204 and rotates the lever and the segment 203 to the right. This rotation of the segment 203 rotates the pinion 201 and the gong'l94 counter-clockwise and thus winds up the adjacent alarm clock mechanism and depresses the pin 195 in opposition to the pressure. in the still. But the collar 207 now holds the lever 205 in a locked position so that the gong 194 cannot sound. The disk 136' having been thus unlocked, the operator lastly turns the hand wheel 139 to the left and thus opens the valves 126 and 140. The turning of the disk 136 presents an unslotted surface to the .pin 165 so that the hand wheel 160 and temporarily close the ther eby are now in locked positions. With the opening of the valve 140, gas passes to the burner 73 and 1s ignited by the pilot burner 75. Theheating period of the machine thus begms. With the opening of the valve 126 there is aback rush of high pressure vapor into the st ll until the pressure in the condenser and 1n the still are equal. But this isa matter of no consequence.

The machine is preferably so fully charged with ammonia that at the end of the absorption period there is enough liquid ammonia in the condenser, as indicated by the gage39, to cover the pipes 10 and 11, or to be a little higher. Consequently, at the beginning. of the heating period, there is already liquid ammonia in the condenser. The spring 84 is preferably so adjusted, by the head 86, as to open the valve 93 at a pressure in the still of a little below 150 pounds, and to normally maintain a pressure in the still and in the condenser of 150 pounds throughout the heating period. At 84 the corresponding pressure of saturated ammonia vapor is 150 pounds. Accordingly, if the atmospheric temperature outside of the condenser is 84, or higher, just as soon as the valve 126 is opened, the valve 93 is also opened. Such latter opening takes place in consequence of pressure on the under side of the diaphragm 56, forcing the foot 81 and the block 82 upward in oppoall par ts operated sitionto the spring 84. Thereupon the block 82 slides slightly and slightly rotates the lever 83, the shaft 87 and the lever 90 to the left, and the lever 90 forces the parts 91, 98, 99, 96 and 95 to the leftso as to open the valve 93. Thereupon cooling water flows from the pipe 61 through the pipes and return bends 10 to 38 inclusive, through the pipes and connections 3, 76 and 77, through the casing 79, through the pipe 80, through the pipe 60 as far as the pipe 64, through the pipe 64, through the casing 65, and through the outlet end of the pipe 60 to the waste. This flow of water cools the ammonia vapor in the tank 5 and in the dehydrator 2, but more especially does it cool the liquid ammonia already in the tank so as to cause the liquid to very efi'ectually cool the vapor in contact therewith. The cooling of the ammonia in the tank 5 keeps the pressure in the condenser and also in the still down to about 150 pounds, as indicated by the gages 6 and 47, so that 150 pounds is the head pressure under which the still normally continues to work. If, at the beginning of the heating period, the atmospheric temperature. outside of the condenser is less than 84, the opening of the valve 93 is merely deferred .until the heating of the still generates a pressure therein approaching 150 pounds.

As the heatingperiod progresses, the temsure of 150 pounds, as 300.

perature in the still, as indicated by-the thermometer 48, gradually rises, until finally it becomes no longer advantageous to continue the heating. The heating period may be continued from two to five hours, according to the size of the still. The heating limit may be well taken, under a head pres- At that temperature and pressure, there remain less than 4 pounds of ammonia .in solution with every 25 pounds of absorbent water in the still, the other 23pounds of ammonia, originally in the solution, having been expelled into the condenser. The maximum quantity of ammonia so expelled, per unit increase of heat, appears, however, to occur at about 260. It also'happens that, with this form of condenser, as more and more gas liquefies in the tank 5, liquid ammonia covers more of the contained piping and the condenser becomes more eflicient. This is largely because more of the piping is able to extract heat from the surrounding liquid ammonia, and it is also partly because, until the tank 5 gets half full, a greater surface of liquid ammonia is presented to the incoming gas. The tank 5 is preferably so proportioned that it becomes about half full,

as indicated by the gage 39, when the still is heated to 260 and that, when the still reaches the limit of 300, the tank is full to about three-quarters 01? its height. In the final part of theheating, withless ammonia being condensed, there is a corresponding lessening of the flow of condensing water..

In general it may be stated that, with the mechanism described, at all times the flow of condensing water is so graduated automatically, whether the entering water be cooler or warmer, as to maintain a predetermined head pressure, such as 150 pounds in the still. Under a head pressure of 150 pounds, the ammonia gas readily separates from the heated solution in the still and only very little water passes upward. VVhate'ver water does so pass upward is, for the most part, condensed in the dehydrator 2 and drained back into the still. And the mere trifle of water, entrained over into the tank 5, settles to the; bottom of the tank, in strong solution with the ammonia, and passes back into the still through the evaporator immediately on the next openings of the valves 166 and 150.

If 300 is the predetermined temperature limit for the heating period, the thermostat connected with the still is constructed and adjusted so as to set off the gong 215 at that limit. At that temperature, the spring 212 depresses the lever 210, the pin 209 and the rod 211 so far as to force the lever 218 against the pm 216. The movement of the pin 216 consequent upon this action, causes the gong 215 to sound and thus calls the at tention of the operator to the machine,

usages even if he has not previously observed the thermometer 48. The rotation of' the gong 215 and the pinion 217 rotates the segment 219 to the left until the finger 220 is close against the collar 221. Thereupon the operator turns the hand wheel 139 to the right so as to close the valves 126 and 140 and to place the slot 137 in its original position at the right. Consequently no more gas can pass to the burner 73, which then goes out, leaving only the pilot burner 75 lighted. So also, with the closing of the valve 120 and the extinguishment of the burner 73, the still begins to cool down and the pressure therein rapidly drops below 150 pounds. In two minutes, or so, after the closing of the valves 126 and 140, the spring 84 depresses the foot 81 and the block 82. Thereupon the block 82 slides slightly and slightly rotates the lever 83, the shaft 87 and the lever 90 to the right, and the lever 90 forces the parts 91, 98, 99, 96 and 95 to the right so as to close the valve 93. Thereupon whatever water is left in the pipes 80 and 00 drains away and whatever water is in the condenser remains there. The still is then allowed to cool down to the atmospheric temperature, or a little above, under which conditionthe gage 47 indicates about 20 inches of vacuum. Such is the normal termination of the heating period, followed by a period of inaction. When the still has cooled down, the operator turns the hand wheel 160 to the left so as to open the valves 166, 150 and 179, to close the valve 183, to move the pin 165 into locking position in the slot 137 and to move the collar 221 to the left. During the cooling down of the still. the copper tube in the tube 49 has contracted so as to force the pin 209, the lever 210 and the porcelain rod upward, in opposition to the spring 212, and to pull the lever 218 awaV from the pin 216. And now the movement of the collar 221 to the left moves the finger 220 to the left and rotates the segment 219 to the right. This rotation of the segment 219 rotates the pinion 217 and the gong 215 counter-clockwise and thus winds upthe adjacent alarm clock mechanism and depresses the pin 216, the lever 218 being already pulled away. It is also to be noted that the movement to the left of the rod 164 has also unlocked the collar 207 from the lever 205. With this last indicated turning of the hand wheel 160, a new absorption period has begun and the normal cycle of operation is complete.

But it sometimes happens, in the heating period, that there is a temporary cessation of the supply of cooling water entering the pipe 61 for the condenser; In such aioase, the

water that has previously filled the casing 100, and that has kept elevated the adjacent diaphragm in opposition to the spring 107, drains away. Thereupon the spring 107 ,the lever 109;

forces downward .the rod 104, the foot 101 and the left end of the lever 103; the right end of the lever 103 lifts the rod 108 and the right end of the lever 109; and the leftend of the lever 109 closes the valve 110, so as to extinguish the burner 73. The heating of the still is thus suspended. But with a resumption of the supply of cooling water, especially since the valve 93 closes with a drop of pressure in the still, water again enters the casing 100 and lifts the adjacent diaphragm. The lifting of the diaphragm lifts the foot 101, the left end of the lever 103 and the rod 104 and compresses the spring 107; the right end of the lever 103 go depresses the rod 108 and the right end of and the lifting of the left end of the lever 109 opens the valve 110 so that the burner 73 is re-lighted by the pilot burner 75. This safety device is very use- 35 fnl, inasmuch as, in case of a failure of condensing water during the heating period, a high and dangerous pressure might arise in the machine. It maybe remarked that a failure of cooling water for the Still in the absorption period is of little consequence. For if the resulting rise of pressure prematurely rings the gong 194, the operator, observing the absence of cooling water flowing to waste and the condition of the gage 39, may simply suspend the absorption period, without starting a heating of the still, if the absorption period is in its early stage. In case, however, by any chance the parts to inclusive should fail to act, a 100 safety device absolutely terminating the heating acts as follows: When the pressure on the under side of the diaphragm 59 becomes so great as to overcome the thrust of the spring 112, as predetermined by the ad- 105 justment of the nut 114, the stem 111 bears upon the pin 123 suiiiciently to turn the lever 122 out of engagement with the collar 120. Thereupon the spring 121 forces downward the collar 120, the stem 117, with its pin, 11-0 and the lever 124, and closes the valve 115. The burner 73 is extinguished as before,-but now the heating of the still will not be automatically resumed. On the contrary, even with a subsequent drop of pressure on the 115 under side of the diaphragm 59,the spring 112' simply depresses the stem 111 'so as to be out of contact with the pin 123. After the continued inaction of the machine has caused the operator to seek for and to remedy the cause, he moves the lever 124 upward so as to compress the spring 121 and to open the valve 115, until the catch of the lever 122 again engages the collar 120. It

is then optional with the operator either to 125 continue the heating period or to start an being an emergency device.

I do not intend to be limited to the particular devices shown for automatically indicating the proper times to begin and to terminate the heating period. For it is evident that many automatic-signaling devices may be used with such an effect. It is also evident that mechanism may be attached to the lever 19 to cause an automatic starting of the heatingperiod and to the lever 218 to cause a normal automatic termination of the heating period, as indicated, in principle, in my application Ser. No. 748,589, referred to.

, I have found that to cool the liquid ammonia in the tank 5 by the fiow'of condensing water, and to allow the liquid thus cooled to cool the vapor or gas passing into the tank, is several times as economical of condensing waterasit is to cool the gas of vapor only and to allow the liquefied ammonia to trickle down into a receiver, as illustrated in my application Ser. No. 595,453, referred to. Indeed, this form of condenser is more efficient than any form of condenser where the cooling water acts only on the incoming gas or vapor, above the liquefied ammonia.

If I controlled the flow of .condensing water by the pressure in the condenser, such water would be flowing, not merely while the still was being heated, but also, in the summer, at all times while the atmospheric temperature was 84, or over, assuming that the valve 93 is adjusted to open at about 150 pounds. But by controlling, as I do,

the fiow of condensing water by the pressure in the still, such flow begins only-after the beginning of the heating and terminates in a very few minutes after the termination of the heatmg, irrespectivev of the atmospheric conditions. a

Itis to be noted that the two hand wheels 160 and 139 operate all the non-automatic valves of .the machine, and that in succession certain of these valvesare operated simultaneously, while the remainder of them are locked and prevented from being operated. Consequently the operator cannot make the mistake, sometimes serious, of operating a valve out of its proper order.

Making the pipe to enter the shell 44 near the bottom of the latter and to emerge at a place higher up, results in causing the part of the pipe within the shell to be full of water throughout the absorption period.

I And the valve 183 effectively drains that part of the pipe 60 at the beginning of the nextheating period. v

The course of refrigerant from the shell 44 tothe highest part ofthe dehydrator? is continuously upward and thence it is continuously downward through the evaporator back to the shell. Hence there are no pockets for the lodgment of any entrained moisture.

that fluid pressure within the casing 55 against the diaphragm 56 operates upon certaln mechanism so as to graduate the flow of liquid that has passed the casing 100; and

that fluid pressure within the casing 58 against the diaphragm 59 tends to interrupt the transmission of gas to the burner 7 3 in case such pressure becomes excessive. I am, however, not hmited, as a part of my invention, to the particular construction herein disclosed. A part of my invention includes what is herein illustrated merely as a particular form of construction.

What I have invented and what I desire to have protected by Letters Patent is expressed in claims as follows:

I claim:

1. Incombi'nation a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser. a still adapted to contain an absorbent, having a cooling water passage and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, valve means controlling the flow of water through said passage, an expansion valve controlling the How of refrigerant from said condenser intosaid evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, means for acting on said valve means to prevent the presence of water in said cooling passage during such heating, and means preventing the starting of such heating and the opening of said outlet valve until said expansion valve is closedand said valve means is so acted upon.

2. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser,- a still adapted to contain an absorbent, having a cooling Water passage and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, a flow valve controlling the expansion of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an Loutletvalve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, and means preventing the opening of said expansion valve and a flow of water through said cooling passage until said outlet valve is closed.

3. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leadlng from sa1d condenser, a still adapted to contain anabsorbent and leading from said evaporator into said condenser,

evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, and means preventing the opening of said expansion valve until after the termination of such heating and the closing of said outlet valve.

4. In combination a condenser, an evapo rator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent, having a cooling Water passage and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, an expansion valve controlling the flow ofj'efrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, and means preventing the opening of said expansion valve and a flow of water through said cooling passage until after the termination of such heating and the closing of said outlet valve.

5. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent, having a cooling water passage and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, valve means controlling the flow of Water through said passage, an expansion valve controlling the -flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, means for acting on said valve means to prevent the presence of Water in said cooling passage during such heating, and means preventing the starting of such heating until said expansion and inlet valves are closed.

6. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to containan absorbent, having a cooling Water passage and leading from said evaporator'into said condenser, valve means controlling'the flow of Water through said passage, an expansion valve controlling the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, means for acting on said valve means to prevent the presence of Water in said cooling passage during such heating, and means preventing the starting of such heating until said expansion and inlet valves are closed and said valve means is so acted upon.

7. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent, having a cooling Water passage and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, an expansion valve controlling the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, and means preventing the openin of said expansion and inlet valves and a ow of Water through saidcooling passage until after the termination of such heating.

8. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent, having a cooling water passage and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, an expansion valve controlling the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, and means preventing the opening "of said expansion and inlet valves and a flow of Water through said cooling passage until after the termination of such heating and the closing of said outlet valve.

9. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, an expansion valve controlling the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, and means preventing the starting of such heating until said inlet valve is closed.

10. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent, having a cooling Water passage and leading from said evaporator into saidsconden'ser, valve means controlling the flow of water through said passage, an expansion valve controlling the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, means for acting on said valve means to prevent the presence of Water in said cooling passage during such heating, and means preventing the starting of such heating until said inlet valve is closed and said valve means is so acted upon.

11. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adaptedto contain an absorbent, having a cooling water passage and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, valve means controlling the flow of water through said passage, an expansion valve controlling the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into during such heating, and means preventing ,30

cooling water passage and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, valve means controlling the flow of water through said passage, an expansion valve controlling the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, means for acting on said valve means to prevent the presence of Water in said cooling passage the opening of said outlet valve until said inlet valve is closed and said valve means is so acted upon.

13. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, an

expansion valve controlling theflow of re- ,frigerant from said condenser 1nto said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, and means preventing the starting of such heating and the opening of said outlet valve until said inlet valve is closed.

14. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent, having a cooling Water passage and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, valve means controlling the flow of Water through such passage, an expansion valve controlling the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling thepassage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet'valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, means for acting on said valve means to prevent the presence of Water in said cooling passage during such heating, and means preventing the starting of such heating and the opening of said outlet valve until said valve means is so acted upon. Y

aaaaeos 15. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent,having a cooling Water passage and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, valve means controlling the flow of Water through said passage, an expansion valve controlling the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, means. for acting on said valve means to prevent the presence of Water in said cooling 3O passage during such heating, and means preventing the starting of such heating and the opening of said outlet valve until said inlet valve is closed and said valve means is so acted upon.

16. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to. contain an absorbent and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, an expansion valve controlling the 9() expansion of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, and means preventing the opening of said inlet valve until after the termination of such heating.

17. In combination a condenser, an evapo- 1 rator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent, having a cooling water passage and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, an expansion valve controlling the flovv of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator,

an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outletvalve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, and means preventing the opening of said inlet valve and aflow of Water through said passage until after the termination of such heating.

1-8. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent, having a cooling Water passage and leading from said evaporatorinto said condenser, an expansion .valv'e controlling the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, and means preventing a flow of Water through said passage until said outlet valve is closed.

19. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still memos adapted to contain an absorbent, having a cooling water passage and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, an expanslon valve controlling 'the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, and means preventing the opening of said inlet valve and a flow of Water through said passage until said outlet valve is closed.

20. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading'from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, an expansion valve controlling the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, and means preventing the opening of said inlet valve until after the termination of such heating and the closing of said outlet valve.

21. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent, having a cooling Water passage and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, an expansion valve controlling the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, and means preventing a How of Water through said passage until after the termination of such heating and the closing of said outlet valve.

22. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent, having a cooling Water passage and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, an expansion valve controlling the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, and means preventing the opening of said inlet valve and a flow of Water through said passage until after the termination of such heating and the closing of said outlet valve.

23. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent, having a cooling Water passa'geand leading from said evaporator into said condenser, valve means controlling the flow ofvwater through said passage, an expansion valve controlsaid cooling passage during such heating,

and means preventing the starting of such heating and the opening of said outlet valve until said expansion and inlet valves are closed and said valve means is so acted upon.

' 24. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent, having a cooling Water passage. and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, an expansion valve controlling the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, an inlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into said still, an outlet valve controlling the passage from said still into said condenser, means for heating at intervals said still, and means preventing the opening of said expansion and inlet valves and a fioW of Water through said passage until after the termination of such heating and the closing of said outlet valve.

25. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still casing adapted to contain an absorbent and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, means for preventing a back flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said casing and from said casing into said evaporator, an expansion valve controlling the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, a cooling Water coil enteringsaid casing in its lowest part and emerging therefrom above its place of entrance, a supply valve controlling the inflow into said coil, a drain valve controlling the draining of said coil, means for heating at intervals said casing, and means for closing said supply valve and opening said drain valve at the beginning of such heating and for closing said drain valve and o ening said supply valve after the termination of such heating.

26, In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still casing adapted to contain an absorbent and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, means for preventing a back flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said casing and from said casing into said evaporator, an expansion valve controlling the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, a cooling Water coil entering said casing in its lowest part and emerging therefrom above its place of entrance, a supply valve controlling the inflow into said coilja drain valve controlling the draining of said coil, means for heating at intervals said casing, and means for closing said expansion and supply valves and opening said drain valve. at the beginning of such heating and for closin valve'and opening said expansion and supply valves after the termination of such heating.

27. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still casing'adapted tocontain an absorbent and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, means for preventing a back flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said casing, an lnlet valve controlling the passage from said evaporator into saidcasing,

' an expansion valve controlling the flow of from said still into, said evaporator, means 28. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, means for preventing a back flow or refrigerant from said condenser into said still and for regulating the fiow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, 1ts ex pansion within the evaporator and its vabsorption in saidstill, means for heating at intervals said still, and a signaling device automatically indicating a strength of absorbed refrigerant in said still.

v29. In combination a condenser, an evapo rator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, means for preventing a back flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said still and from said still into said evaporator, means for regulating the flow of. refrigerant from said condenser'into said evaporator, its expansion within the evaporator and its absorption in said still, means for heating at intervals said still, and a signaling device automatically indicatingwhen the-pressure of absorbed refrigerant in said still has reached a predetermined limit.

30. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adaptedto contain an absorbent and leading from said evaporator into said condenser,

said drain predetermined.

meansfor preventing a back flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said still and from sald still into said evaporator, means for regulating the flow of .refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator, its expansion within the evaporator and its absorption in said still, means for heating at intervals said still, and a; signaling device automatically indicating when such heating hasreached a predetermined limit.

31. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, means for preventing a back flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said still and from said still into said evapora-' tor, means for regulating the expansion of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator and its absorption in said still, means for heating at intervals said still, and a slgnallng device automatically indicating when such heating has reached a predetermined high temperature limit.

32. In combination a'con'duit for the circulation of refrigerant consisting of a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser and a still adapted to contain an absorbent and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, means for regulating the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator and its expansion within the evaporator, means for preventing a back flow of refrigerant from said condenser into "said still and .from said still into said evaporator, starting at intervals a heating of said still and for normally terminating the heating, means for permitting at intervals a flow of cooling water to said condenser and to said manually operated means forstill, and means for utilizing temperature 7 and pressure conditions-in said conduitto control such heating and cooling operations at times other than when said manually operated means are operated.

33. In combination a condenser, an evaporator leading from said condenser, a still adapted to contain an absorbent and leading from said evaporator into said condenser, means for regulating the flow of refrigerant from said condenser into said evaporator and its expansion within the eva orator,

means for preventing a back flow o refrigerant from said condenser into said still and from. said still into sald evaporator, manually operated means for starting at intervals a heating of said still and for normally terminating the heating, means for permitting at intervals a flow of cooling water to said condenser and to said still, and means for utilizing temperature and pressure conditions in said still to control such heating and cooling operations at times other than when said manually operated means are operated.

34. In combination, a transmission conanatee troller, aliquid conduit, a motor actuated by the pressure of a flow of liquid in the conduit to actuate the controller, and pressurecontrolled mechanism tending upon a rise'o'f pressure to increase the flow through the conduit and upon' a fall of pressure to,

the flow through the conduitand upon a fall of pressure to decrease such flow, said motor, whenr the liquid runs out of the conduit, actuating the controller in the reverse direction.

36. In combination, energy transmitting means, a controller for controlling the transmission of energy by said means, a

.liquid conduit, a motor actuated by the pressure of a flow of liquid in the conduit to actuate the controller so as to permit such transmission, and pressure controlled mechanism tending upon a .rise of pressure to increase the How through the conduit and upon a fall of pressure to decrease such flow.

37. In combination, energy transmitting means, a controller for" controlling the transmission of energy by said means; a liquid conduit, a motor actuated by the pressure of a flow of liquid in the conduit to actuate the controller so as to permit such transmission, and pressure controlled mechanism tending upon a rise of pressure to increase the flow through the conduit and upon a fall of pressure to decrease such flow, said motor, When the liquid runs out of the conduit, actuating the controller so as to prevent such transmission.

38. In combination, energy transmitting means, a controller for controlling the transmission of energy by said means, a liquid conduit, a motor actuated by the pressure of a flow of liquid in the conduit-to actuate the, controller so as normally to permit such transmission, and pressure controlled mechanism tending upon a rise of pressure to increase the flow through the conduit, upon a fall of pressure to decrease such flow and to interrupt such transmission in case of an excessive rise of pressure.

39. In combination, energy transmitting means, a controller for controlling the transmission of energy by said means, a liquid conduit, a motor actuated by the pressure of a fioW of liquid in the conduit to actuate the controller so as normally to permit such transmission, and pressure controlled mechanism tending upon a rise of pressure to increase the flow through the conduit, upon a fall of pressure to decrease such 130W and to interrupt such transmission in case of an excessive rise of pressure,

said motor, when the liquid runs out of the conduit, actuating the controller so as to prevent such transmission.

40. In combination, a transmission controller, a liquid conduit, a motor actuated by the pressure of a flow of liquid in the conduit to actuate the controller, a chamber, and mechanism controlled by the pressure in the chamberand acting at the outlet from the conduitso as to tend upon a rise of such pressure to increase the flow of liquid that has passed the motor and upon a fall of such pressure to decrease such fiOW'.

41. In'combination, a transmission controller, a liquid conduit, a motor actuated by the pressure of a flow of liquid in the conduit to actuate the controller in one direction, a chamber, and mechanism controlled by the pressure in the chamber and acting at the outlet from the conduit so as to tend upon a rise of such pressure to increase the flow of liquid that has passed the motor and upon a fall of such pressure to sin decrease such flow, said motor, when the controller in the reverse direction.

42. In combination, energy transmitting means, a controller for controlling the liquid runs out of the conduit, actuating the transmission of energy by said means, a I

liquid conduit, a motor actuated by the pressure of a flow of liquid in the conduit to actuate the, controller so as to permit such transmission, a chamber, and mechanism controlled by the pressure in the chamber and acting at the outlet from the conduit so as to tend upon a 'rise of 'such pressure to increase the flow of liquid that has passed the motor and upon a fall of such pressure to decrease such flow.

43. Incombination, energy transmitting means, a controller for controlling the transmission of energy by said means, a liquid conduit, a motor actuated by the pressure of a flow of liquid in the conduit to actuate the controller so as to permit such transmission, a chamber, andmechanism controllcd by the pressure in the chamber liquid conduit, a motor actuated by the pressure of a floW of liquid'in the conduit so as normally to permit such transmission, a chamber, and mechanism controlled by the pressure in the chamber and acting at the outlet from the conduit so as to tend upon a rise of such pressure to increase the flovv of liquid that has passed the motor means, a controller for controlling the transmission of energy by said means, a liquid conduit, a motor actuated by the pressure ofa flow of liquid in the conduit to actuate the controller so as normally to permit such transmission, a chamber, and mechanism controlled'by the pressure in the chamber and acting at the outlet from the conduit so as to tend upon a rise of such pressure to increase the flow of liquid that has passed the motor and upon a fall of such pressureto decrease such flow and also acting-to interrupt such transmission incase of an excessive rise of such pressure, said motor,.when the liquid runs out of the conduit, actuating the controller so as to prevent such transmission.

4:6. In combination, a transmission controller, a liquid conduit having an outlet, a valve controlling said outlet, a motor actuated by the pressure of liquid in the conduit to actuate the controller, and-pressure controlled mechanism tending upon a rise of pressure to open the valve and upon a fall of pressure toclose it.

47. In combination, a transmission controller, a liquid conduit having an outlet, a valve controlling said outlet, a motor actuated by the pressure of liquid in the conduit to actuate the controller in one direction, and pressure controlled mechanism tending upon a rise of pressure to open the valve and upon a fall of pressure to close it,

said motor, when the liquid runs out of the conduit,'actuating the controller in the reverse direction.

48. In combination, energy transmitting means, a controller for controlling 'the transmission of energy by said means, a liquid conduit having an outlet, a valve controlling said outlet, a motor actuated by the pressure of liquid in the conduit to actuate the controller so as to permit such transmission, and pressure controlled mechanism tending upon a rise of pressure to open the valve and upon a fall of pressure to close it.

49. In combination, energy transmitting means, a controller for controlling 'the transmission of energy by said means, a liquid conduit having an outlet, a valve controlling said outlet, a motor actuated by the pressure of liquid in theconduit to actuate the controller so as to permit such transmission, and pressure controlled mechanism tending upon a rise of pressure to open the valve and upon a fall of pressure to close it, said motor, when the liquid runs out of the conduit, actuating the controller so as to prevent such transmission.

pressure in the vessel.

50. In combination, energy transmitting means, a controller for controlling the transmission of energy by said "means, a liquid conduit having an outlet, a valve controlling said outlet, a motor actuated by the .pressure of liquid in the conduit to actuate the controllerso as normally to permit such transmission, and pressure controlled mechanism tending upon a rise of pressure to open the valve, upon a fall of pressure to close it and to interrupt such transmission in case of an excessive rise of pressure.

51. In combination, energy transmission means, a controller for controlling the transmission of energy by said means, a liquid conduit having an outlet, a valve controlling said outlet, a motor actuated by the pressure of liquid in the conduit to out of the conduit, actuating the controllerso. as to prevent such transmission.

52. In combination, a vessel for receiving gas or vapor, forcing means for forcing gas or vapor into the vessel, a conduit for permitting a flow of water to cool the contents of the vessel, means actuated by such flow to operate the forcing means, and mechanism controlled by the pressure in the vessel to maintain such pressure at a predetermined limit. I

53. In combination, a vessel for receiving gas or vapor, forcing means for forcing gas or vapor into the vessel, a conduit for permitting a flow of Water to cool the contents of the vessel, means actuated by such flow to operate the forcing means, and mechanism controlled by the pressure in the vessel to maintain suchpressure at a predetermined limit, said latter means, upon a cessation of such flow, stopping the operation of the forcing means.

54:. In comb'nation, a vessel for receiving gas or vapor, forcing means for forcing gas or vapor into the vessel, a conduit'for permitting a flow of Water to cool the contents of the vessel means actuated by such flow to operate the forcing means, mechanism controlled by the pressure in the vessel to maintain such pressure at a predetermined l1m1t, and a device tending to interrupt such operation 1n case of an excessive rlse of 55. In combination, a vessel for receiving gas or vapor, forcing means for forcing gas or vapor into the vessel, a conduit for permitting a flow of Water to coolthe contents of the vessel, means actuated by such flow to operate the forcing means, mechanism controlled by the pressure in the vessel to maintain such pressure at a predetermined limit, and a device tending to interrupt such operation in case of an excessive rise of pressure in the vessel, said latter means, upon a cessation of such flow, stopping the operation of the forcing means. I

56. In combination, a vessel for receiving gas or vapor, forcing means for forcing gas or vapor into the vessel, a conduit for permittin a flow of Water to cool the contents of tie vessel, a valve controlling the outlet from the conduit, means actuated by such flow to operate the forcing means, and mechanism controlled by the pressure in the vessel and tending upon a rise of such pressure to open the valve and upon a fall thereof to close it.

57 In combination, a vessel for receiving gas or vapor, forcing means for forcing gas or vapor into the vessel, a conduit for permitting a flow of Water, to cool the contents of the vessel, a valve controlling the outlet from the conduit, means actuated by such flow to operate the orcing means, and mechanism controlled by the pressure in the vessel and tending upon a rise of such pressure to open the valve and upon a fall thereof to close it, said latter means, upon a cessation of such flow, stopping the operation of the forcing means. v

58. In combination, a vessel for receiving gas or vapor, forcing means for forcing gas or vapor into the vessel, a conduit for permitting a flow of Water to cool the contents of the vessel, a valve controlling the outlet from the conduit, means actuated by such flow to operate the forcing means, mechanism controlled by the pressure in the vessel and tending upon a rise of such pressure to open the valve and upon a fall thereof to close it, and a device tending to interrupt such operation in case of an excessive rise of pressure in the vessel.

59. In combination, a vessel for receiving gas or vapor, forcing means for forcing gas or vapor into the vessel, a conduit for permitting a flow of Water to cool the contents of the vessel, a valve controlling the outlet from the conduit, means actuated by such flow to operate the forcing means, mechanism controlled by the pressure in the vessel and tending upon a rise of such pressure to open the valve and upon a fall thereof to close it, and a device tending to interrupt such operation in case of an excessive rise of pressure in the vessel, said latter means, upon a cessation of such flow, stopping the operation of the forcin means.

GEOR E P. CARROLL.

Witnesses:

FRANK N. Ronnmon, KARL REINHARDT.

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