US1222848A - Carbureter. - Google Patents

Description

W. C. CARTER.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. a. 1913.

1,%QQ,84& Patented Apr. 17, 1917.

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WILLXAM C. CARTER, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR 11 CARTER CARBURETQEI COMPANY, 015' ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, A CQRPORATION 61E MISSOURI.

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ill-1,222,848.

Specification of Letters Eatent.

Patented Apr. l7, roar.

Application filed September 8, 1913. Serial 1V0. 788,632.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM C. CARTER,

a citizen of the United States, residing at St. Louis, Missouri, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Garbureters, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled inthe art to which it appertains to make and usethe same.

This invention relates to carburetors, and has for its main object to provide an inexpensive carbureter of simple construction that is economical in the consumption of fuel and which will produce a uniform mixture at all speeds of the-motor.

Another object is to provide an efficient ca-rbureter which is not equipped with an air valve or other movingparts that are apt to get out of adjustment or which can be adjusted improperly by an unskilled user.

Another object is to provide a carbureter in which the fuel-supplying device is of sufiicient capacity or size to supply a relatively great quantity of fuel at slow engine speeds, and means is provided for diminishing the suction on said fuel-supplying device progressively as the speed of the motor builds up or increases so that 'said device will not supply proportionately the same quantity of liquid fuel at high speeds that it does at slow speeds of the motor.

And still another object is to provide a carburetor in which the liquid fuel-supplying device and the means for diminishing the suction on said device progressively as the speed of'the motor increases, are arranged below the level of the fuel in the float chamber of the carbureter'and are so designed that the weight or pressure of the liquid fuel, or, in other words, the tendencyof the fuel to seek its level, causes the suction on the fuel-supplying'device to increase progressively as the speed of the motor decreases. Other objects and desirable fea tures of my invention will be hereinafter pointed out.

Briefly described, my improved carburetor consists of a fuel-supplying device of sufiicient capacity or size to supply a relatively great quantity of liquid fuel at slow engine speeds, an accelerating reservoir into which the liquid fuel is fed from said device, pref erably by means of gravity, and means whereby variations in the level of the liquid duel in said accelerating reservoir diminishes or increases the suction on said fuel-supplying device, thereby preventing the relatively great quantity, of liquid fuel that is supplied at slow speeds from increasing proportionately with the'speed or the motor. The carbureter is also preferably provided with a starting "reservoir for holding a sutlicient quant1ty of liquid fuel to cause the motor to start easily. I

Figure 1 of the drawings isa vertical sec tlOIlZ llfVlGWfOf a carburetor constructed -in accordance with my invention,

Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 22 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. l;

Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line -ll of Fig. hand i Figs. 5 and 6 are detail vertical sectional taken views illustrating a short nozzle and a long nozzle, respectively.

Referrmg to the drawings which lllllS tratethe preferred form ofmy invention, A

designates a casting that is-provided with a "vertically disposed tubular-shaped portion 1 whose upper end flares outwardly and merges into an annularportion or ring 2 on the under sideof a horizontally disposed plate portion 3 that is adapted-to be atthe annular-shaped portion 2, said sleeve? being spaced away from the inner surface of the annular portion 2 and the lower end of said sleeve terminating; above the flared upper end of the tubular-shaped portion 1 of the carburetor. Air-openings 6 are formed in the annular-shaped portion 2 and in the flared part of the tubular-shaped portion 1, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, so as to Hermit air to enter the lower end of the sleeve 5 and become mixed with the rich charge of combustible gas that flows upwardly through said sleeve when the throttle valve is open.

vThe casting A is arranged at one side of the float tank 7 of the carburetor and the bottom 8 of said float tank is formed by a casting which is provided at one side with a laterally projecting portion 8 through which the lower end of the tubular-shaped being secured together in any suitable manner. ing said parts together consists of a nut 9 threaded into the lower end of said tubular.- shaped part 1 and provided with a head 9 that bears against the under side of thepart 8 of the casting 8 and thus clamps a flange 10 on said tubular-shaped part 1 tightly against the upper side of the part 8. The needle-valve 8 and the mechanism that is used for gorerning said valve may be of any preferred type or design, the mechanism herein shown being like that illustrated and described in my prior Patent No. 1,019,948, dated March 12, 1912.

A fuel-supplying device which consists of a nozzle 11 is screwed into the upper end of the nut 9, said device being preferably provided with a single supply port or jet 11 of sufficient size to supply a relatively great quantity of liquid fuel at slow engine speeds. The liquid fuel flows from the float tank into an annular duct 12 in the part 8 and thence through ports 13 and 1t in the tubularshaped part 1 and in the nut 9, respectively, up through the fuel opening in the nozzle 11 that leads to the jet 11, said member 1 and nut 9 being preferably provided with a plurality of ports 13 and 11, as shown in Fig. 1, so as to cause the fuel to flow freely into the nozzle. The nut 9 forms a closure for the lower end of the tubular-shaped part 1 of the carbureter, and a partition 15 is arranged in said tubular-shaped part 1 at a point above the upper end of the nut 9 so as to form an accelerating reservoir or chamber 40. A hollow member 16, which I will term a mixing nozzle, is arranged inside of the accelerating chamber a: concentric with the nozzle 11 and extends from the bottom to the top of said chamber, said member 16 be ing substantially tubular-shaped and provided with a dome-shaped upper end in which a discharge port or jet 17 is formed. The dome-shaped upper end of the mixing nozzle 16 rejects upwardly through an opening in t e partition 15, and a plurality of ports 18 are formed in the side of said mixing nozzle 16 at difierent levels for a purpose hereinafter described, The main nozzle or fuel-supplying device -11 and also the mixing nozzle 16 are both located below the level of the fuel in the Float tank so that the tendency of the fuel to seek its level will cause said nozzles to be completely submerged in liquid fuel when the motor stops and when it is running idle, the fuel escaping from the nozzle 11 into the mixing nozzle 16 and thence through the side ports 18 in the mixing nozzle into the accelerating reservoir. The fuel also escapes through the discharge port 17 in the mixing nozzle into a starting reservoir y which is located above the partition 15, as shown in Fig. 1. The

partition 15 may be retained in position in The means herein shown for connectreaaeas various ways but I prefer to form an annular flange 19 on the inner side of the tubular-shaped member 1 so as to form a stop against which the partition 15 is clamped by means of the mixing nozzle 16, the lower end of said mixin nozzle being seated inan annular groove ormed in the nozzle 11, which, as previously stated, is screwed into the nut 9.

A liquid fuel duct 20 leads upwardly from the starting reservoir 3 preferably from the bottom of said starting reservoir, to an annular mixing chamber 21 that surrounds the open-ended sleeve 5 in which the throttle valve is located. Air is admitted to the mixing chamber 21 by means of a pipe 22 that leads into said chamber, as shown in Fig. 2, so as to form a combustible mixture for starting the motor, the airpipe 22 being preferably arranged adjacent to or-in contact withthe exhaustpipe or some other heated part of the motor so as to supply heated air to the mixin chamber 21. The combustible mixture fiom the mixing chamber 21 is preferably introduced into the intake pipe of the motor in such a manner that the fuel and air constituting said mixture will become thoroughly mixed before entering the cylinders of the motor and thus insure charges of equal richness to all of the cylinders of the motor, and in the embodiment of my invention herein shown, this is effected by means of one or more tangentially disposed ports 21 formed in the upper end portion of the sleeve 5 preferably at a oint above the throttle valve, said tangentially disposed ports causing the mixture to escape from the mixing chamber 21 and travel upwardly through the intake pipe of the motor with a circular or whirling action. While I have herein shown the fuel supply ports 21 located above the throttle valve, it is not essential to the successful operation of my carbureter that said ports should be located in the exact position shown, so long as they are arranged in such a manner that a comparatively strong suction will be exertedon the fuel duct 20 when the motor is throttled down.

In order to prevent the relatively great quantity of liquid fuel that is supplied at slow engine speeds from increasing proportionately with the speed of the motor I have provided means for admitting air to the accelerating reservoir :20 so as to diminish the suction on'the fuel supply port 11 of the nozzle 11 progressively as the speed of the motor increases. In the carbureter herein shown air is admitted to the accelerating reservoir as by means of a pipe 23 which may be arranged inside of the tubular-shaped part 1 of the carbureter, with its upper end communicating with the. atmosphere and its lower end communicating with alining holes formed in the flange 19 and in the partition ttti titl

neaaeae 15 which bears against said flange, as shown clearly in Fig. 1. The liquid fuel duct or bypass 20 is also preferably formed by a small pipe, and both of the pipes 20 and 23 are arranged in hollow ribs 24 formed on the tubular-shaped portion 1 of the casting A, as shown in Figs. 1 and 1, the lower end"' of the fuel-pipe 20 communicatin with a horizontally-disposed hole in the ange 19 Whose outer end terminates at the inside edge of said flange, as shown in Fig. 1, so

- that the liquid fuel in the starting reser- Qvoir y will be drawn upwardly through the bypass 20 when a suction is created in the mixing chamber 21. The carbureter is provided with the usual drain-cock 25 which. is preferably screwed into the lower end of the nut 9 that forms a closure for the lower end of the tubular-shaped part 1 of the carbureter. v

As soon as the motor stops the liquid fuel escapes from the supply port '11 of the nozzle 11 into the mixing nozzle 16 and thence from the nozzle 16 into the accelerating reservoir a and into the starting reservoir 3 as shown in Fig. 1, this, of course, being due to the fact that said nozzles and reservoirs are located below the level of the fuel in the float tank. When the motor is cranked the liquid fuel in the starting reservoir y is sucked up through the duct 20 into the mixing chamber 21 where it combines with the 'air admitted to said mixing chamber through the pipe 22 so as to form a starting charge that is injected tangentially into the inta e pipe of the motor through the port or ports 21 that are located above the throttle valve. At idle speeds of the motor; or, in other words, when the motor is running with a closed throttle and no load, the bypass or duct 20 also serves to supply the fuel to the motor. At slow engine speeds suilicient suction is created to exhaust the charge of fuel in the starting reservoir and cause fuel to be drawn from the accelerating reservoir at through the discharge port 17 of the mixing nozzle 16 upwardly through the tubularshaped portion 1 of the carburetor, said fuel mingling with the airthat is drawn into the open-ended sleeve 5 through the air-openings 6 and thus forming a combustible gas of the proper richness to run the' motor. The particles of fuel which are too heavy to be drawn upwardly through the tubularshaped portion 1 by a slight suction drop to the bottom of the starting reservoir 3 and are sucked upwardly into the mixing chamber 21 by theintense suction in the bypass 20. Consequentlmvthere is no liability of the heavy particles of fuel collecting on the walls of the main suction passageway 1 of the carbureter and thus choking the motor When the throttle valve is opened quickly, owing to the fact that the bypass 20 leads from a point above the throttle valve to a point in the main suction passageway at which the heavy particles of fuel tend to collect when the motor is throttlecl down.

en the suction increases sufliciently to -lower the level of the liquid fuel in the acliquid fuel out of the mixing nozzle 16, the

level of the fuel in the reservoir drops as the suction increases and air rushes into said reservoir and thence into the mixing nozzle through the side ports 18 in said nozzle, thereby diminishing the suction on the main fuel nozzle 11 progressively as the speed of the motor increases. By providing the mire ing nozzle 16 with a plurality of side ports 18 arranged at different levels, the-quantity of air that enters said nozzle will increase progressively as the level of the fuel in the reservoir a: drops or as the suction in the tubular-shaped port1on 1 of the carbureter increases so that by the time the motor is running fast enough to suck the fuel directly out of the nozzle 11, air will be rushing into the mixing nozzle through all of the side ports 18 in same and consequently will prevent an excessive flow of fuel from the nozzle 11. The air that is admitted to the accelerating reservoir through the air-pipe 23 not only diminishes the suction on the nozzle 11 progressively as the speed of the motor builds up or increases, but it also mingles with the fuel that escapes from the nozzle 11. the result being a partial mixing of the air and fuel before the fuel emerges from the top port 17 in the mixing nozzle and comes in contact with the air that is sucked in through the air openings 6 in the annular-shaped portion 2 of the carbureter that surrounds the open-ended sleeve in which the throttle valve is arranged. lVhen the speed of the motor diminishes, the fuel starts to flow into the accelerating reservoir :1: and rise in same progressively as the speed of the motor decreases. By the time the engine is traveling at slow speed the fuel will completely fill the accelerating reservoir and as no air will be entering said reservoir the suction in the carbureter'will he sutlicient to insure a relatively great supply of liquid fuel. it will thus be seen that the advantage derived from arranging the nozzles 11 and 16 and the reservoirs "w and g below the level of the fuel in the float chamber is that gravity is utilized to force the fuel into said reservoir so as to-progressively cut down the admission of air to the accelerating reservoir as the speed of the motor diminishes.

. 1f the motor on which the carbureter is to be used, produces a slight suction. the carbureter will be provided with a short nozzle 11, as shown in Fig. 5, or, in other words,

a nozzle whose jet 11 is located far enough below the level of the fuel in the float cham-' ber to increase the pressure of the fuel at the jet "11 sufiiciently to compensate for the slight suction of the motor. If the motor produces a strong suction, the carbureter will be equipped with a long nozzle, as showninFig. 6, so as to reduce the pressure of the fuel at the jet 11 The cross sectional area of the accelerating reservoir w may be varied or changed so as to increase or decrease the quantity of fuel contained in said reservoir and thus adapt the carbureter to any particular motor. in other words, if the motor on which the carbureter is to be used requires a great deal of fuel to accelerate, the accelerating chamber w will have to be made larger in cross sectional area than that of a carbureter which is adapted for a motor that accelerates on a small quantity of fuel. i

A carbureter of the construction abovedescribed is economical in the consumption of fuel, it insures a mixture of the proper richness at all speeds of the motor, it produces a starting charge of the proper richness that whirls upwardly through the intake pipe ofthe motor in a circular path, it insures a sufficient supply of liquid fuel to start the motor easily and run the motor at slow speeds without liability of supplying an excessive quantity of liquid fuel when the motor is running at high speed. The carbureter is of simple construction and comprises so few parts that it can be manufactured at a very low cost, and it is not provided with an air valve or other adjustable or moving parts that are apt to get out of adjustment or which can be adjusted improperly by an unskilled user.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A carbureter provided with an accelerating reservoir that holds the fuel which is supplied to the motor until comparatively high speed is attained, a vertically-disposed nozzle arran ed inside of said reservoir and provided at its upper end with a discharge opening through which fuel is discharged into the air passageway of the carbureter,

said nozzle having a plurality of ports 10- cated at different vels, a port for supplying liquid fuel to said nozzle, and an air supply duct having its upper end terminating in the air passageway of the carbureter and its lower end communicating with said accelerating reservoir above the level of the fuel therein so as to cause the suction onsaid supply port to vary as the level of the fuel in said accelerating reservoir varies.

2. A carbureter provided with an accelcrating reservoir from which the supply of fuel is drawn until comparatively high masses speed is attained, a vertically-disposed nozzle arranged inside of said reservoir and provided at its upper end with a discharge opening and at its side with a plurality of ports located at difierent levels, a port for supplying liquid fuel to said nozzle, means for supplying air to said accelerating reservoir above the level of the fuel therein so as to cause the suction on said supply port to vary as the level of the fuel in said accelerating reservoir varies, and a starting reservoir from which fuel is drawn to start the engine and to maintain the engine in operation when it is running idle and at slow engine speeds.

3. A carbureter provided with a starting reservoir and an accelerating reservoir arranged in such a manner that the fuel will be drawn from said starting reservoir when the motor is cranked and from said accelcrating reservoir when the motor is running at intermediate speeds, said accelerating reservoir communicating with the atmosphere, a nozzle in said accelerating reservoir which supplies liquid fuel to said starting reservoir under certain'conditions, said nozzle being arranged so that the fuel will be drawn directly from same by the suction created in the carbureter at intermediate and high speeds of the motor, and being at intermediate speeds, a nozzle for supply:

ing liquid fuel to both of said reservoirs under certain conditions, said nozzle being arranged so that thelfuel will be drawn di- .95 provided With a plurality of ports located rectly from same into the main air passage- 7 way of the carbureter by the suction created at intermediate and high speeds of the motor, and said starting reservoir being so arranged with relation to said nozzle that fuel will flow from said nozzle into said starting reservoir by gravity when the mo tor ceases to operate, a port for supplying fuel to said nozzle, and means for progressively reducing the suction on said fuelsupply port as the speed of the motor increases.

5. A carbureter provided with a. float tank, a starting reservoir and an accelerating reservoir arranged in such. a manner that gravity causes liquid fuel to enter both of said reservoirs, means whereby cranking of the motor causes the fuel from said starting reservoir to be introduced into the intake pipe of the motor at a point above the throttle valve, and a combined fuelsupply inlet and outlet device for the accelerating reservoir, communicating with the float tank and provided with a number of ports located at diflerent levels.

6. A carburetor provided with means for mixing liquid fuel with air and injecting said mixture into the intake pipe of the motor at a point above the throttle valve when the motor is first cranked and when it is running at idle speeds, a vertically-disposed mixing nozzle for supplying a rich mixture of air and liquid fuel to the main suction passageway of the" carburetor when the motor is traveling at certain speeds, said nozzle being provided with side ports located at difierent levels, and means for supplying varying quantities of air and liquid fuel to said nozzle.

7. A carbureter provided with a starting reservoir, an accelerating reservoir, a device for supplying fuel to said accelerating reservoir, the starting reservoir being so arranged-that fuel from the accelerating reservoir will flow into same, means terminating inside of the main air passageway of the carbureter for admitting air to said accelerating reservoir so as to vary the suction on' said fuel-supplying device as the speed of the motor varies, said reservoirs and fuelsupplying device being arranged below the level of the fuel in the fioattank of the c'arbureter, and a fuel-supply duct leading from said starting reservoir to. a point in proximity to the throttle valve.

8. A carbureter provided with a starting reservoir, an accelerating reservoir for supplying fuel to said starting reservoir, a device for supplying fuel to said accelerating reservoir, means for admitting air to said accelerating reservoir so'as to vary the suction on said fuel-supplying device as the speed of the motor varies, said-reservoirs and fuel-supplying device being arranged below the level of the fuel in the float tank of the carburetor, a mixing chamber provided with-a discharge port at "a point above the throttle valve, a fuel duct leading from the starting reservoir to said. mixing chamber, and means for admitting air to said mixing chamber.

9. A carbureter provided with an acceleratlng reservoir, a vertically disposed mixing nozzle arranged inside of said reservoir and provided with side ports located at difierent levels, a fuel-supplying nozzle arranged inside of said mixing nozzle, a starting reservoirarranged to receive fuel from said mixing nozzle, and means for admitting air to said accelerating reservoir.

10. A carbureterprovided with a cylindrical-shaped portion, a throttle valve arranged at the upper end of same, a mixing nozzle arranged at the lower end of said cylindrical-shaped portion, means for supplying liquid fuel and air to said mixing nozzle in varying quantities according to the speed of the motor, and means for causing the heavy particles of fuel that collect in said cylindrical-shaped -portion when the motor is portion, means for supplying liquid fuel and air to said mixing nozzle in varying quantities according to the speed of the motor, a by-pass leading from the discharge opening in said nozzle to a point above the throttle valve, and means for admitting air to said cylindrical-shaped portion adjacent the upper end of same.

12. A carburetor provided with a cylindrical-shaped portion whose lower end is closed, a artition arranged in said portion so as to flirm an accelerating reservoir and a starting reservoir, a nozzle for supplying liquid fuel to said accelerating reservoir, .a hollow mixing nozzle surrounding said fuelsupplying nozzle and provided at its upper end with a discharge opening which terminates inside of said starting reservoir, said mixing nozzle having side ports located at different levels, means for admitting air to said accelerating reservoir, and a'by-pass leading from said starting reservoir to a point above the throttle valve of the carbureter.

13. A carbureter provided with a cylindrical-shaped portion whose upper end flares outwardly and merges into a ring-shaped portion provided with air openings, an open-ended sleeve arrangedinside of said ring-shaped portion and provided with a throttle valve, a closure for the open end of said cylindricalshaped portion, a liquid fuel-supplying nozzle arranged at the lower end of said cylindrical-shaped portion and inside of a vertically disposed mixing nozzle provided with side ports located at different levels, a partition. in said cylindricalshaped portion that divides the interior of same into an accelerating reservoir and a starting reservoir, means for admitting air to said accelerating reservoir above the level of the liquid fuel in same, and a bypass leading from said starting reservoir to vided at its upper end with a throttle valve,

said cylindrical-shaped portion having a starting reservoir and an accelerating reservoir arranged below the level of the liquid fuelin said float tank, a mixing nozzle in said accelerating reservoir that discharges into said starting reservoir, means for supplying fuel and air to said mixing nozzle in varying quantities according to the speed of the motor, and a bypass leading from said starting reservoir to a point above the throttle valve.

celerating reservoir and a starting reservoir,

a mixing nozzle in said accelerating reservoir masses provided, at its upper end with a discharge opening from which the fuel flows into the starting reservoir, means for supplying fuel and air to said accelerating reservoir,means for permitting fuel and air to enter said mixing nozzle in varying quantities according to the speed of, the motor, a mixing chamber provided with means for admitting air to same, a fuel duct leading from the starting reservoir to said mixing chamber,

and means for causin the mixture in said chamber to be injecte tangentially into the intake pipe of the motor at a point above the throttle valve when the motor is started.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature, in the presence of two witnesses, this fourth day of September, 1913.

' WILLIAM C. CARTER. Witnesses:

LENORE WILSON, GEORGE BAKEWELL.

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