US1220945A - Stone-spreading machine. - Google Patents

Description

J SHOWN. STDNE SPREADNG MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED 0CT21,1913. llm Patente@ Mar. 2?, 1917.

J G. BROWN. STONE SPREADING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED och-2l. 1913.

Patented Mar. 27, 1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

G. BROWN. STUNE SPREADiNG MACHINEi 5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

` l J G. BROWN.

-STONE SPREADING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED ocTA 2I, I9Ia.

LQIIQ@ Patented Mar. 27, 1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

J G.BROWN. STONE SPHEADING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED oc. 2I, IsIs.

www@

Patented Mar. 27, 1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

j@ V QM ua mw r Gnovn BROWN, or sacaron, maw Yoan.

@FFlFE STONE-SPREADING- MACHNE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 2'?, 1917.

Application led October 21, 1913. Serial No. 796,436.

vTo all whom it may concern:

Be it known thatl, J GROVE BROWN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Groton, in the county of Tompkins and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Stone-Spreading Machines, of which the following is a specicrushed stone foundations, it is customary to rst smooth oli' the surface of the dirt roadway, giving it the proper crown or arch, and to throw up ridges or shoulders at the sides for retaining the crushed stone. The crushed stone is usually dumped on or near the roadway and' spread .out as evenly as possible manual labor. llt is of importance to have the material spread tovan even depth and also to have the fine and coarse material evenly distributed.; otherwise, when the layer of storie is rolled it will become more compact in some places than in others. When the material-is dumped on the roadway and spread by forks and rakes, in the customary Way, the coarser material is spread and the liner material mostly remains Where the load was dumped, resulting in uneven compacting of the layerL when rolled. Some road engineers require that the material be dumped on dumping boards, from which it is spread by means of shovels so as not to destroy the evenness of the mixe ture. This process is expensive, and even with 'the' greatest care in spreading, the

layer 'of stone will be of uneven depth in ditL ferent places, and, when rolled, will be unevenly compacted.

In carrying out my invention, l provide, in connection with a dumping vehicle .for transporting and dumping. the stone, an arrangement of chutes and auxiliary devices for automatically laying the stone in layers of various Widths-and even depths uponthe roadway as the load is dumped. The 'arrangement is such that the'layers or courses may bev laidatl one or both sides of the tween theplanes'of the wheels) so that in planes of the vehicle wheels, (as Well as bedumping successive loads, side by side, the vehicle wli'eels need not travel upon the previously laid stonef AThe evenness of the mixture as delivered into the vehicle is also maintained in its delivery upon the roadbed, and the apparatus is automatically adjustable for vehicles having spring supported bodies,v so that changes inthe height of the body with. respect to the roadway, owing to light dr heavywloading, or to release of the load, will not aect the depth of the layer of stone being laid.

ln the accompanying drawing, forming part of thisspecication, and which illustrates my invention,

Figure l is a side elevation of a dumping vehicle, equipped with my improvements, showing the, parts in position to dump and spread material upon a roadway;

" Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the chutes in dumping positions;

Fig. 2zL is a top plan view of oneof the trailing gage members;

Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4L is a section through the chutes on the line 4-41 of Fig. 1, the delivery end of only one chute being shown;

Fig. 5 is a vertical section through the delivery end of one of the chutes, illustrating the adjustment;

Fig. 6 is a section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a front elevationrlof the vehicle body showing the bracket to which the hoisting cable is attached, and the guidecams for centering the body on the frame when the body is lowered; and,

Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the hoisting and lowering mechanism for dumping the vehicle. A

Referring to the drawings, A indicates an endwise dumping vehicle comprising-a frame a, forward wheels a', rear Wheels a2, and a body as. The body is journaled lupon a shaft 1 which is mounted in brackets 2, secured to the frame near the axles of the rear wheels, and is adapted to'be tilted rearwardly by means of suitable hoisting and lowering mechanism B, hereinafter referred to. Secured to the.- rear end of the body is aamain chute C, which diverges vlat-erally, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, the lower end lof the chute extending some distance beyond the planes of the vehicle' wheels. hute is subdivided by partitions 3, 4, and 5, into a plurality of smaller chutes', 7, 8,

and 9. Connected to the lower ends of the This main` 8, and '93, which form the delivery ends of the chutes.. The several delivery portions of the chutes are alike in construction, and,

as shown in Figs. 3 to 6, inclusive, each delivery end comprises two telescopic sections 10 and 1l, the former fitting over the mouth of the fixed chute, to which it lis hinged at to fit said its sides by studs 12, located nejar the front faces of both members, as

own. This permits -the delivery end of each chute to' swing vertically to outer section 11 is tions 11a,

a limited krextent. AThe provided with perforaand by means of bolts 13,adapted openings, one section may be adjusted upon the other to vary the length of the chute. Filling pieces ,/14- are arranged between the sections in order that one section may slide easily within the other, to allow adjustment, and to `preventalthe parts from rattling when the velhicle is in motion.

As hereinafter explained, when the parts are in position to deliver/material upon the roadway, the vlower edge^11b of the section 11 is substantially parallelu with the roadway. The rearlside of the section 1.1 has its lower portion 11 substantially at right angles to the end 11h, and secured tothe part 11c is a scraper 15', which is adjustable vertically by means of bolts 16 fitting within slots 15a in the scraper. This scraper normally extends below the mouth of the chute, as shown in the sevefi'al figures of the draw- 1n gate 17 is provided for closing the entrances" to all of the chutes in the casing C, and gates 18`-are provided for closing the entrances to the individual chutes. The back of the casing C is cutaway, as shown at c, between the angle irons 19, and mounted in said angle irons is a shaft 20, provided with devices, projecting through the opening in the casing, for operating the main gate 17. These devices consist of levers 21, secured to the shaft4 and hinged at their free ends to links 22 which are pivotally connected at 23 to/the back of the gate 17 The links 22 are U-shaped in VVcross section and theA levers 21/are pivoted between the sides of the links. j The arrangement is such that when the shaft is turned in one direction, the gate will be closed,y as shown in full lines in Fig/ 3, the arm 21 and link 22 forming a toggle which locks the gate in its closed position, and when the shaft is turned in the opp Isite direction, the toggle will be broken andI the gate will be swung to its openposition, shown'in dotted lines in Fig. 3, wherein the gate closes the opening c in the back of the casing C. The shaft 20 is rocked by means of a cranin20, secured thereon and a hand rod 20 extending along the side of the-vehicle body to the front end thereof. When the vehicle is tilted and the main gate 17 opened, described, the material flowing from the body et the vehicle into the casing will hold the gate in its open position. The material will How through such of the chutes as are not closed by their gates 18. If itis desired to permit the material to flow through any particular chute, the gate 18 of that chute is opened before the gate 17 is opened to admit the material to the casing C. As shown in Fig. 3, each gate 18 is provided witlra finger holelS", too small to let the Vbroken stone pass through, but large enough to permit the operator, by inserting his arm through the opening c, to insert his fingers through opening 18a and swing the gate into the dotted position, .thus opening the chute. iVhen the gates 18 are in their open posil tions, they are held by suitable latches 18b on the casing C, which engage openings 18 in the gates. Thus the gates of all or any of the individual chutes may be o ened as desired and the main gate may hen be opened andthe material will flow through only such of the chutes as are not closed by their gates.

lWhen the vehicle body is in the tilted position, the delivery end portions 6, 7, etc., of the chutes are supported upon trailing gage members D, D', and D2, one of whi'ch is shown in plan view in F ig. 2, these members holding the delivery ends of the chutes and the scraper bars thereon at predetermined distances from the ground. As shown, each vage member comprises a fork 24: which is journaled upon a shaft or rod 25 secured in the brackets 2, and between the arms of the fork is mounted a gage wheel 26 adapted to roll upon the ground when the 'vehicle body is tilted. 'Connected to the arms of the fork and extendin wardly from the gage wheel are rails- 27', spaced apart from one another by suitable spacers 28, these rails, when the gage wheel engages the ground being substantially parallel with the road surface. In ord .r to support the movable ends of the chles upon the gage members, the sections l1 of the chutes are provided with brackets 2S) in which are journaled grooved rollers 30, which rest upon the rails 27. These brackets, and the rollers thereon, are held in fixed relation to the inner sections 10 of the delivery ends of the chutes by the bolts 13, so that these sections remain at substantially the same height from the ground at alltimes when the wheels of the gage members are on the ground. The holes 11 in the outer chute sect1ons 11 are evenly spaced apart,4 the distance between the holes in each section being such that the distance of its outlet end from the ground may be adjusted one inch by changing the bolts from one pair of holes to an adjacent'pair. Thus, the sections 11 can be adjusted to spread the material two, three, four, five, or six inches thick, and, for fractions of an inch, the Scrapers can be admamaria justed on the sections l1. To keep the rollers against the rails at all times,'and particularly to avoid chattering when the apparatus is travelingon the road, the delivery ends of the chutes are firmly pressed down- Ward by springs 31\Which are arranged bea tween brackets 32 onithe deliveryrends ofthe chutes and brackets 33 on the casing C. For lifting the gage members clear of the ground when the vehicle body is returned to its nor. 'mal'position, chains Stare provided, which connect the yokes 24 with the `body of the vehicle at the rear of the rear axle. It will beevident that when the body is brought 'to a distance from the ground which is determined by the adjustment of the chute sec- "tions 1l on the sections 10, and the adjustment or the Scrapers on the sections 11. It.

is desirable tohave the gage wheels close to the outlet ends volt the chutes in order that l, the latter may not be moved up and downvWard by the rocking of the yoke and rails to any considerablev extent when the ,vehicle vvheelsare traveling over uneven ground.

` llt is presumed, of course, that` before laying the stone on a dirt roadway, the latter will be smooth. Agn important feature of .m3/,invention lis the arrangement of the supporting rollers l'close-to and practicall in the plane of the Scrapers. Thus, any slight 'rocking'nf the'chute' will not cause an appreciabl't,"l change in the height or th'e scraper, due to its rocking motion about its 'pointof support, As a certain amount of space 'is required between the delivery ends of adjacent chiites to accommodate the gage rails, ,theV adjacent Iscrapers are provided'.

with extensions 15",orelosing the'gaps be- ;tween" them so that the material will be spread evenly at all points.

For tilting 'the vehicle and 'returning it i to its seatxa Windlass 35 is supported at the end board a0 oft the vehicle, and the latter Kfront of t e vehicle upon an upright 36,"and

a chain or cable 37 is-fwrapped around thewindlass ,and has its ends connected to eyes 38 and 39, the ormerattached to the front Y attached to the lowcr end ,of a forkA 41, which is securedto' said front end.- The fork is provided with a. crosspiece 42 having downwardly engaget e sides of the trame a as the ve- Icicle body is lowered, these cams serving to center the body upon the trame. A. spring `actuated locking bolt at, suitably-mounted in the upright 36 and an angle iron 45, the

ilatter attached to one side of the frame a, 'is adapted to' extend over the upper end of one of the cams 43, when the vehicle body is roj'eeting cams 43 thereon, whichv lowered, and thereby lock the body against tilting. This bolt may be actuated to release the body by means of a foot lever 46, connectedy by a rod 47 to a bell crank 48 which is attached to the bolt.

The operation of the vehicle, in laying stone upon a roadway is as follows ."*y's If it is desired to deliver upon the roadway a layer of stone of the' entire width of the several chutes, after the body has been tilted, all of the gates 18 are moved Lo their .open positions and the main gate l''is then opened. The parts having been adjus'red so that the distance between the lower edges fof the scraper bars and the ground is equal to the depth of the layer of stone which itis desired to place upon the roadway, the vehicle is pulled forward, andthe stone passing,

through the chutes is laid upon the groundV 'asthe vehicle moves, the Scrapers leveling ofi' the stone tothe desired depth. As the gage members are movable verti trailin cally, independently of one another, if the road is crowned the gage member or mem bers traveling over the higher portions of .the ground will raise the chute or chutes which it supports relatively to the other chute or'chutes, so as to maintain a substantially even depth of stone on the va-rious portions of the road. ln the drawing, (Fig. Q the delivery ends 7' and 8 of the cent1 al pair, of chutes are supported at both sides, the end 7i heilig supported by the gage members D and D', and the end-8a being supported by the gage members D and D2, while the delivery ends Gaand 9a ofthe side chutes are each supported by only vone gage member, the end 6a being supported by the member D, and the end 9 being supported by the member D2. In moving along on a crowned roadway, if the gage wheel of the central member D rides higher than the members 'D and, D2, it will raise the delivery ends of bothof the central chutes above the side chutes a distance corresponding to the-eleva# tion of the central gage member, and hence ythe layer ott stone will be practically of the Also, ifone ot same depth at all points. A the side members should be raisedby the roadway, it will also-raise two of the delivery ends of the chutes and effect a praetil cally even distribution of the stone.

The number of gage. members as well as the number of chutes may be multiplied as desired, and a separate gage member-maybe provided for each chute so that the delivery ends of the several chutes will all operate independently. For practical work, however,A

the arrangement shown in the drawingis satisfactory. lf it is desired to place upon a roadway a layer of stone of less width than the entire width of the several chutes, one or more or the gates 18 may be closed before the main gate 17 is opened, and the stone will be laid-only on the area traversed by the ends of the open' chutes. Thus, by proper handling of the gates a roadway, whose width is notan even multiple of the total width of'the series of chutes may be covered evenly.

It is importantv to be able to deliver 'the stone at the sidesof the vehicle.-that is,` plane ofthe vehicle to the right oi-.left of the wheels, so that in laying courses of stone side by side, the wheelsof the vehicle and the trailing gage members will not travel upon the stone already laid, which would affect the height 'of the delivery ends of the chutes relatively to the ground. llence, the casing C, inclosing the several chutes, is wider than the vehicle and extends laterally beyond the planes of the vehicle whe/els, and the partitions 3 and 5 diverge downwardly as to conduct the material from the wagon body, through the side chutes 6 and 9 there- \by formed, laterall)Y outward. The subdivision of the main chute or casing C by the partitions into a plurality of smaller chutes effects an important result in the'distribution of the stone. In dumping the wagon, if these chutes were omitted, it would be found Athat because of the lateral enlargement of the casing beyond the width of the wagon body, the material would feed out faster "from the rear corners of the wagon body j than it would from the middle.

the material would assume a heaped-up or conical form from which thecoarser particles would constantly roll down into the corners, thus causing an undesirable segregation of the larger pieces of stone at the sides of. the layer dellvered upon the roadway. ,l/Vith the larger and smaller pieces of stone evenly .mixed when loaded into the vehicle, it is desirable to deliver the stone upon the roadway in the's'ame mixed condi tion, both between and beyond the planes of the wheels, and by dividing the casing C into a# plurality of chutes by partitions extending well up to the floor of the wagon body, it is found that the evenness of the mixture is maintained, the larger pieces from the center no longer tending to roll out into the side portions. 50 lVhile, in the drawing, I have shown the invention applied to an ordinary road wagon, without springs, the invention is particularly applicable to motor driven vehicles in which there are usually springs between the body and the frame.` In such motor operated vehicles, loads of different weights and also' the change in weight of load, as the latter is lessened during the spreading operation, as well as unevtnness of the roadway, will cause the body of the vehicle to vary in height with respect to the roadway, and if the load were delivered onto the roadway from a fixed chute, the depth of the layer of stone would vary because of the movement of the body rela- As a` result tive to the roadway. In my invention, such changes in the height of the body would not materially affect the even distribution of the stone or other material, as, if the rear end of the body should rise, the rollers 30would move forward on the rails of the gage members, and if" the rear end of the body should be depressed, the rollers would adjust themselves rearwardly. Thus, while the inclination ofthe vertically Swingin delivery ends of the chutes would vary wit i changes inheight of the body relatively to the road, this change in inclination would cause a slight swinging of the scraper bars about the axes of the rollers, but would not materially vary the height of the lower edges of the Scrapers, if the telescopic ends of the chutes Avere1-shortencd, because the Scrapers would then be suspended closevto and directly beneath` the axes of the sup- .,porting rollers. The extension of the chutes would cause the Scrapers to ride behind the rollers, and the vertical movements of the wagon body would cause the Scrapers 4to swing further, but not to such a degree as to vary the height of the scraper undesirably. The telescopic arrangement of the delivery ends of the clmtes permits adjustment :for wagon bodies of different heights, as

well as forlaying the stone in layers of different depths.

While in the drawing thega'ge members are attached to the vehicle, and this is the preferred arrangement, I may connect the gage members to the chutes. Thus, in some 100 instances, the gage members may be secured directly to the delivery ends of the chutes so as to support the latter and to engage the ground immediately in front of the outlets of theY chutes.

l/Vhat I claim is: y

1. The-combination with a'dumpin ve-- hicle of a chute extending from the viicle and having a vertically movable delivery end, and a trailing gage member connect- 110 ed to the vehicle and adapted to support the delivery end of the chute, said delivery end being movable with respect to the gage member.

2. The combination with av dumping ve- 115 hiclc of a clmte connected thereto, Said chute having a vertically movabledelivery end, and a trailing gage. member connected to the vehicle, said member having a ground engaging portion and a part at the rear 120 thereof adapted to support the delivery end of the chute, out of engagement withl the ground, said delivery end being movable with respect to the gage member.

3. 'Ihe combination with a dmnping ve- 125 hicle and a trailing gage member connected to the vehicle, said gage member having a ground engaging portion and a part projecting at the rear thereof, of a chute connected to the vehicle,

said chute having a 180.

vertically movable delivery end adapted to be supported by said rearward extension of the gage member out' of engagement with the ground, and a scraper upon the delivery end of the chute, said delivery end. being movable With respect to the gage member.

4. The combination with a dumping vehicle and a trailing Agage-member connected to the vehicle, of a chute extending from the vehicle and having a hinged delivery end adapted to rest upon said member and movable with respect thereto.

' 5. The l combination with an endwise dumping vehicle and a trailing gage mem? ber connected to the vehicle, said gage mein-A ber having a ground engaging portion and a part projecting at the rear thereof, of a. chute extending from the rear of the vehicle and having a vertically movable delivery end, a scraper on said delivery end, and means, substantially in the vertical plane of said scraper, for supporting the.

delivery end of the chute on the rearwardly projecting part of the gage member.

6. The combination with an endwise dumping vehicle and a trailing gage member connected to the vehicle, said gage member having a ground engaging portion and a rail projecting at the rear. thereof, of a chute extending from the rear of the vehicle and having a vertically movable delivery end, a scraper on -said delivery end,' and means, substantially in the verticalplane of said scraper, for supporting the delivery end of the chute on said rail.

7. The combination with an endwise dumping vehicle and a chute extending from the rear thereof and having a vertically movable delivery end and a scraper on said i plurality of gage members connected to thev vehicle and adapted to engage' the ground in front of said delivery ends,' said delivery ends adapted to rest upon the gage members.

9. The combination with an endwise' dumping vehicle of a plurality of chutes ex- 'tending rearwardly therefrom, said chutes having vertically movable ends, and Scrapers upon said ends, a plurality of gage members connected to the vehicle and adapted to engage the ground in front of said delivery ends, said delivery ends having parts adjacent the Scrapers adapted to rest upon the gage members.-

10. The Acombination with an endwise 'dumping vehicle otv a plurality of chutes` vhaving parts fixed to the vehicle body and 7o delivery ends hinged to said fixed portions, of trailing gage members connected to the vehicle and adapted to engage the ground in front of and adjacent to said delivery lends, said gage members adapted to support said delivery ends.

11. rilie combination with an -endwise dumping vehicle of'la 'plurality of chutes i having parts fixed lto the vehicle body and Adelivery ends hinged to said fixed portions, and Scrapers upon said ends, of trailing.

gage members connected to the vehieleand adapted to engage the ground in front of saiddelivery ends, said gage members adapted to support said delivery ends adjacent the Scrapers.

12. The combination with" an endwiseI dumping vehicle of a plurality of chutes yextending rearwardly therefrom, `the' side chutes diverging laterally beyond the, planes` of the vehicle wheels, each chute 'havingga' vertically movable delivery end,fantl gagen members connected to the vehicle afidadaptl' ed to engage the ground, saidl meinb adapted to support the delivery ends of tfi chutes.

.13. The combination with an." eridwisei' dumping vehicle of a plurality 'of chiites,

extending rearwardly therefrom, the side chutes diverging laterally beyond the plaiieefgloci of the vehicle wheels, each chute having a' vertically movable delivery end and a scraperv thereon, and gage members connected to the vehicle andadapted to engage the ground, lsaid members adapted to sup- 105 port the delivery ends of the chutes at points adjacent the Scrapers.

14. The combination` with an endlwise` dumping vehicle of a plurality of chutes extending rearwardly therefrom, the side chutes diverging laterally beyond the planes of the vehicle wheels, each chute having a hinged delivery end, each delivery end comprising a pair of telescopic sections, and

a scraper attached to one section .of each pair, and gage members connected to the vehicle and adapted to engage the ground in advance of said delivery ends, said members adapted' to support the delivery ends of the chutes at points adjacent the Scrapers.

l5. The combination with an en dwise dumping vehicle of a plurality of chutes extending rearwardly therefrom, the 'receiving ends of said chutes being fixed to the vehicle and the delivery ends being hinged to the fixed', portions, a main door or gate for closing the entrances to all of said-- chutes, and separate gates for,A closing the individual chutes, and gage members connected to the vehicle and adapted to engage '13@ the ground, said members adapted to Sup-,

port the .delivery ends of the chutes.

16. The combination with an endwisl dumpingvehicle of a chute casing securey to the body and divided by partitions into plurality of chutes, the side chutes diverging laterally beyond the sides of the body,

and vertically movable delivery ends connected to said chutes, of gage members afttached to the vehicle andadapted to engage the ground in advance of the delivery ends, said gage members adapted to support said ends.

17. The 'combination with a dumping vehicle and a plurality of chutes extending therefrom, each chute having a vertically movable delivery end, of gage members attached to the vehicle and extending between 1 the' delivery ends, .said members adapted to engage the gro 1nd, and to support said ends-"L 18. The combination with a dumping ve,- hicle and a. plurality of chutes extending therefrom, each chute having a vertically movable delivery end, of gage members attached to the vehicle and extending between the delivery ends, said members adapted to engage the ground, and each gage member serving-as a support for two :adjacent delivery ends of the chtes. f

The combination with adumping vehicle'and a plurality of chutes extending therefrom, each chute having a vertically rear of its outlet, said Scrapers meeting one another end to end, of gage members attached to the vehicle and extending between and adapted to support said delivery ends, said members adapted to engage the ground inadvance of the Scrapers.

'is-20. The combination with a dumping-ve-` hicle and a plurality of chutes extending therefrom, the delivery portions of said chutes being independently movable vertically, ofwa gage member for supporting the ends ofadjacent chutes comprls'ing a yoke.

hinged to the vehicle, a wheel mounted in the yoke and adapted to engage the ground, and rails or bars extendmg rearwardly from the Wheel between adjacent chute ends and adapted to support the same. j

21. The combination witha dumping vehicle and a trailing gage member connected thereto, of a chute havin a vertically movable end portion provided lwith a part resting on said pressing sai 22. The combinati hicle of al chute cas chutes, said casing h away to form an op or gate within the position, to close the and in another posi and close the opcnin ing, an operating sl between said door and shaft adapted to exd part against gage member,

tend through the opening i gage members livery ends of the chutes.

24. The combination w hicle of a chute secured having a delivery end connected directly thereto and vertically mov to the bod delivery end and 'ada thev same.

In testimony whereof h signature, in pre y of the chute, a member adapted to enga support said deliv with 'the ground.

25.V The combina hicle of a chute Witnesses A. H. SwAR'rwoU'r,

and a spring for the gage member. on with a dumping veing at the 'rear thereof divided by partitions into a; plurality of aving its rear side cut ening, a swinging door casing adapted, in one entrances to said chutes tion to open the chutes g in the rear of the casiaft, toggle connections the casing, and g the entrances said latter gates bechutes being adjustgage members for supL an endwise of a plurality of chutes elivery ends being ions, a main door or the entrances to all of said connected to the gage the ground, support the deith a dumping veto the vehicle and able with respect nd a trailing gage ge the ground and ery endlout of engagement tion with a dumping vesecured to the vehl having a vertically movable delivery end connectedl thereto, a. trailin adapted to engage the ground and support said delivery end ata fixed distance from the ground, and -fascrape'r secured to said pted to project below g gage member ave aiixed my sence of. two witnesses.

v.il-GROVE BROWN.

Images