US1219709A

US1219709A - Apparatus for forming molten material in cylindrical form.

Info

Publication number: US1219709A
Application number: US10338016A
Authority: US
Inventors: Edward Danner
Original assignee: Libbey Glass Inc
Current assignee: Libbey Glass Inc
Priority date: 1916-06-13
Filing date: 1916-06-13
Publication date: 1917-03-20
Anticipated expiration: 1934-03-20

Description

. E. DANNER.

APPARATUS FOR FORMING MOLTEN MATERIAL IN CYLINDRICAL FORM.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE13, l9l6. 1,219,709. Patented M11320, 1917.

8 SHEETS-SHEET l.

INVENTUR E.DANNER. I

APPARATUS FOR FORMING MOLTEN MATERIAL IN CYLINDRICAL FORM. I APPLICATION FILED JUNE I3, I9I6.

1,21 9,709, I Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

Fig.2.

IN VEN TU R E. DANNER.

APPARATUSFOR FORMING MOLTEN MATERIAL IN CYLINDRICAL FORM.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 13. 1916.

1,219,709. Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

8 SHEETS SHEET 3: I

H" H, "II

xmg,

E. BANNER.-

APPARATUS FOR FORMING MOLTEN MATERIAL IN CYLINDRICAL FORM.

- APPLICATION FILED JUNE 13, IBIG.

Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

8 SHEETSSHEET 4.

IVENTUE' @QWMLM I wfiw r v ME ME; a la ziw E. DANNER.

APPARATUS FOR FORMING MOLTEN MATERIAL IN CYLINDRICAL FORM.

-APPL1CAT|ON FILED JUNE 13. 1916.

1,21 9,709. Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

8 SHEETS-SHEEI' 5.-

a l a A E. DANNER.

APPARATUS FOR FORMING MOLTEN MATERIAL IN CYLINDR ICAL FORM.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE I3, 1916.

1,21 9,709. Patented M21120, 191 7.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

EL DANNER.

APPARATUS FOR FORMING MOLTEN MATERIAL IN CYLINDRICAL FORM.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 13, 1916- 1 21 9,709,, Patented Mar. 20, 191.

8 SHEETS-SHEET I.

INT/ENTER y 60m, @um i w E. DANNER.

APPARATUS'FOR FORMING MOLTEN MATERIAL IN CYLINDRICAL FORM. APPLICATION FILED JUN E13. 1916.

1,219,709. Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

a SHEETS-SHEEI 8.

id in ug -J INT/ENTER aQva wi' (QM L I ITED STATES PAEN EDWARD DANivER, or TOLEDO, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE LIBBEY GLASS GOMPANQY, or TOLEDO, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

APrARArUsroR FORMING-MOL'TIEN MATERIAL IN CYLINDRICAL roRM.

Specification of Letters Patent. I

Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

Application filed June 13, 1916. Serial N 0. 103,380

To all who mc't may concern Be it known that I, EDWARD DANNER, a

citizen of'the United States, and a resident of Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Apparatus for Forming Molten Material in Cylindrical Form; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description, of the'invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the. same, reference being had to the accompanyingv drawings, and to the characters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification. I i

This invention relates more particularly to the glass working art, and especially to apparatus for continuously drawing glass or other molten material in cylindrical form. The primary object of my invention is the provision of a simple and efficient apparatus for practising the process. of continuously drawing molten material, such for instance as glass, in cylindrical form (either cane or tubing), set forth in my companion application Serial No. 79,660, filed February 21, 1916. I f

The invention is fully described in the following specification, and while, in its broader aspect, it is capable of embodiment in numerous forms or of having different elements thereof changed, a few embodiments only thereof are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure -1 "is a side elevation of an appa-' ratus' embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged section on the line 22 in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a reduced section on the line 33 in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a plan viewof the apparatus with a part in section on the line 44 in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a section on. the line 5-5 in Fig. .1. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary section on'the line 66 in Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is a fragmentary elevation of the portion of the apparatus from which the material is drawn. Fig. 8 is a fragmentary top View thereof. Fig. 9 is a section on the line 9-9 in Fig. 7. F ig. 10 is a fragmentary edge View thereof. Fig. 11 illustrates a slightly modified form of the heat radi-ating shell through which the forming mandrel'projects. 'Fig. 12 is a fragmentary I sectional view of the cylinder forming mandrel adapted fordrawing cane. Fig. 13 is .ing 6 in its upper portion,

1 through an opening 8 in for the chamber 2,'such means in in section an enlarged fragmentary sectional View of the cylinder forming mandrel adapted for drawing tubing. Fig. 14 is a section of a modified form of the apparatus taken on the line 14:1 1 in Fig. 16. Fig. 15 is a fragmentaryview of the portion of the apparatus in Fig. 14 through which the mandrel stem projects. Fig. 16 is a front elevation of the end portion of the modified apparatus from which the material is drawn. .Fig. 17 is a right end elevation thereof. Fig. 18 is a vertical section on the line 1818 in Fig. 17 Fig. 19 is a reduced top plan view of the modified apparatus, and Fig. 20 is a horizontal section on the line 20-20 in Fig. 18.

Referring to the drawings, particularly Figs. 1 to 13, 1 designates a furnace having a fire chamber 2, in the upper portion of which is disposed a trough 3, to which molten material, which for convenience may be termed glass, is preferably transferred from another furnace and maintained in its molten state by the presence of high heat within the furnace chamber 2, as by the burning of gas, oil or other suitable fuel therein. present instance, are projected into the Gas burners 4 (Fig. l), in the.

thereof.

The molten glass is introducedinto the furnace chamber 2 through an openwhich opening is closed by a door 7', and the glass is de posited on the adjacent end The discharge end of the one side wall of the chamber 2, in the present instance, the wall thereof which is opposed to that containing the glass introducing opening 6, and projects therefrom into an adjoining furnace chamber'9. The chamber 9 is preferably provided with its own heating means,

as distinguished from the heating means the present instance comprlsmg gas or oil burners of the trough 3. trough 3 extends,

1O projected therein through the bottom wall. It will, of course, be understood that the burners 4 and 10 have communication with any suitable source of fuel supply.

The flow of molten glass fromthe discharge end of the trough 3- is controlled by a gate 11, which extends down through the top wall of the passage 8 of the furnace and into the trough at the rear of its restricted or narrowed discharge portion 3 The .of the furnace.

gate 11 is mounted for vertical movements relative to the trough to vary the size of the opening between its lower end and the trough bottom, as is apparent. This gate, in the present instance, is suspended from a threaded stem 12, which projects through a support 13 in the furnace top and has an adjusting wheel 14: threaded on its top above said support and resting thereon.

It is preferable to make the trough 3 of stepped formation, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, it being found in practice that the flowing of molten glass from one level to another of the trough tends to eliminate air bubbles therefrom. \Vith the present apparatus the molten glass, when introduced into the furnace, is deposited on the upper step or level of the trough 3 and then flows therefrom to the lower level of the trough in which it is partially banked by the gate 11.

A mandrel 15, which, if the apparatus is to be used for tube drawing, may be termed a blow-pipe, is preferably mounted on an incline in the furnace chamber 9 and, in the present instance, charge end of the trough 3, and below the same in position for the molten glass to be deposited thereon as it flows down from the discharge end of the trough.- The shaft part15 of-this mandrel is projected at its rear end out through an opening 16 in the rear wall of the chamber 9 and is rotatably mounted without said opening in a bearing bracket'17, which is secured to the rear side The forward end of the mandrel 15 terminates in register with an opening 18 in the front side of the furnace to permit glass tubing or cane, as the case may be, to be drawn from the free or forward end thereof through said opening. The portion of the mandrel 15 within the heating chamber and on which the glass is deposited is preferably covered with a shell 15 of fire clay or other suitable heat resisting material, and this shell is preferably gradually reduced in diameter toward its outer end to render it of tapered form. The mandrel is preferably forwardly inclined to permit the molten glass as it flows thereon not only to wind on the mandrel, due to its rotation, but to flow down the same bygravity action to facilitate a drawing of the material from the free end of the mandrel, such drawing preferably taking place in substantially a horizontal direction.

The mandrel shaft 15 is of hollow form to provide a. passage longitudinally therethrough through which air under pressure may be introduced into the drawn material as it leaves the free end of'the mandrel when tubing is being drawn, and the outer end of this shaft has connection through a pipe 19 with a low pressure air tank 20, which'in transverse to the dis-- turn receives its supply of air from a high pressure tank 21 through an intermediate connection 22 (see Figs. 1 and 4). The connection 22 between the two tanks is provided with a pressure reducing valve 22 so that the pressure in the tank 20 may be reduced to any desired extent irrespective of the pressure in the tank 21. 23 designates a supply pipe which leads into the high pressure tank 21 from any suitable source of air pressure supply. "While it is preferable to connect the mandrel or blow pipe passage with a source of air under constant pressure, it is found that tubing. can be satisfactorily drawn if air under atmospheric pressure alone is permitted to flow therethrough into the tubing. The mandrel shaft 15 has a rotary shaft connection 2% with the pipe 19 to permit a rotation of one relative to the other. The means for imparting rotation to the mandrel will be hereinafter described.

It will be understood in the drawing of glass tubing or cane by my apparatus that a small properly regulated stream of molten glass A is caused to flow continuously, during the operating of the apparatus, from the trough 3 down onto the rotating mandrel 15 at a distance from the free or discharge end thereof and to wind on and flow down the mandrel toward and from its discharge end in an evenly formed film or covering, as best illustrated in Fig. 2.' The fluidity of the glass-causes it to flow down the inclined mandrel and to pass fromthe discharge end thereof in cylindrical form, which, if air is introduced therein takes the form of a tube. The size of the tubing, within certain limits, is determined by the amount of air discharged therein through the mandrel, the temperature of the glass at the point at which it leaves the mandrel, and the speed of drawing of the tubing, or by any of these causes, as is apparent to persons skilled in the art.

The drawing means (not shown) for the glass is disposed a desired distance in advance of the furnace and is operated to continuouslydraw the material at a constant speed in preferably a substantially horizontal direction from the free end ofthe mandrel, the drawn material being supported intermediatet-he drawing means and mandrel by a trough-like structure or other suitable suppo'rt not shown, as more particularlydescribcd and shown in my said process application. In-the practising ofsaid process with an apparatus similar to the one herein shown and in connection with the drawing of tubing of approximately of an inch in diameter, it has been found that very satisfactory results are obtained by placing the drawing means at approximately 100 feet from the furnace and operating said means so that the tubing is drawn from the mandrel at the rate of approximately 140 feet a minute. It is apparent, however, that the speed of drawing of the material from the mandrel and the distance between the drawing means and the furnace may be varied as desired or found necessary to meet different conditions on various sizes and weight of tubing.

It is fdund preferable in practice to project the. mandrel 15 into a shell or casing which serves to separate the glass on the mandrel from the flames and the direct action of the heat within the furnace chamber 9, said heat being instead radiated to the glass on the mandrel from the walls of the shell or casing. In the present apparatus this shell or casing is in the form of a cylinder 25 .and is mounted for rotation within the furnace chamber 9 concentrically around the mandrel, in order that the wallof the shell or casing may be uniformly heated and thereby effect a uniform distribution of radiant heat to the entire glass film or covering which flows down the mandrel within the shell. For this purpose the shell or cylinder 25 is mounted on two sets of transversely spaced rollers or wheels 26, which I are. carried by respective shafts 27 mounted Without the furnace at the sides of the chamber 9 thereof, as best shown in Figs. 2', 3 and5. The wheels 26 project into the chamber 9 in supporting relation to the shell 25 through registering openings in the adjacent walls of "the furnace. The shafts 27 are rearwardly inclined, substantially in parallel relation to the axis of the mandrel and. are in connection .at'the rear ofthe furnace with a drive shaft 28 through respective sets of beveled gears 29 (Fig.1).

The shaft 28 has chain and s rocket connection 30 with a shaft 31, whlch has driving connection with a motor 32, or it may lead to any othersuitable source of power.-

One of the shafts 27 has a 33 (Figs. 1, 2 and 6) on its outer or rear end and connected by a sprocket chain 34 to a sprocket wheel 35 on a stub shaft 36 projecting from the adjacent side of the furnace in parallel relation to the mandrel 37 on its-,outer end in mesh with a gear 38,

which is carried by a shaft 39, that is mounted in one cross-arm of a T-form of slide head 40, which frame is in turn carried by the bearing bracket 17 for sliding movements in a plane parallel to the mandrel shaft 15 The outer or rear end of the shaft 39 is in chain and sprocket connection 41 with said mandrel shaft. A41 adjusting screw 42 is rotatably anchored in the slide frame 40 and threaded into the bracket 17, whereby a turning of saidscrew will effect an outward or inward adjustment of the slide frame relative to the bracket. The slide frame has one of its cross-arms in connection with the mandrel shaft 15 so that sprocket wheel.

very good results may be obtained with the said shaft is caused to have adjusting movements with the frame. It is thus evident that a lengthwise adjusting of the mandrel may be effected during a running of the apparatus, as it may be desired toregulate the position ofthe mandrel with respect to the outlet opening 14 inthe furnace 18 to .suit

through the furnace wall opening 18. The

conical portion 25 of the passage is reduced' to adjacent the surface of the glass on the mandrel, being in slightly spaced relation thereto, and the mandrel projects through such reducedportion of the shell and into the enlarged portion 25 thereof, as best shown in Fig. 2. It is thus evident that the escape of the highly heated products of combustion from within the furnace to the atmosphere through the reduced portion of the shell 25 is restricted, and that the projecting of the discharge end of the mandrel into the exposed chamber 25 of the shell causes a slight cooling of the glass to render it more consistent before passing from the end of the mandrel, thereby facilitating a drawing of the glass therefrom.

It is not necessary, however, to make the mandrel inclosing shell or casing in the form *shown in Fig. 2, or to terminate the discharge end ofthe mandrel therein, as the formof the shell and the arrangement of the mandrel with respect thereto and to the outlet opening 18 of the furnace may be varied without departing from the spirit of the invention. The shell 25 is preferably made of fire clay or other suitable heat resisting material.

One variation of the form of themandrel inclosing shell is shown in Fig. 11. In this figure the shell, which is designated 43, is of tapered or conical form throughout its length with its small end terminating ad jacent to'the furnace wall opening 18 and with the discharge end of the mandrel projecting beyond the shell end. In this figure the molten glass is shown as having contact with the wall of the shell and partially filling the same around. the mandrel, the glass flowing from the shell around the man drel. In this case the thickness of the glass film on the portion of the tube without the restricted end of the shell is regulated by the size of the restricted end of the passage or the width of the annular space between the mandrel and the restricted endof the shell wall. I y

It has also been found in practice that form of shell l3 and mandrel just described by making the restricted end of the shell large enough to allow the glass which flows down the mandrel to have a free passage through the restricted end of the shell without touching same at any point and drawing the glass from the end of the mandrel which projects into the atmosphere. With this construction it is apparent that the consistency of the glass at the end of the mandrel is more subject to change than it is with a construction like shell 25.

In case it is desired to utilize the apparatus for the drawing of molten material in solid cylindrical form, such as used in connection with the making of cane, the perforated tip or nozzle 15 of the mandrel. 15 when used as a blow pipe is removed and an imperforate tip 15 (Fig. 12) substituted therefor. The tip 15 is preferably of conical form at its outer end, as shown.

The furnace opening 18 through which the glass is drawn from the mandrel 15 is preferably closed. in the present instance, by a door 44 of ring form with the center opening thereof in register with the outer end chamber 25" of the rotating shell The door it is provided with hinged lugs which are pivotally connected to a bracket or frame part 46 as by a. pivot rod 47 (Figs. 710). The frame part 46 forms a casing for three gears 48 the intermediate one of which is an idler gear forcommunicating rotation from one to the other of the outer gears. The outer gears 48 are threaded on screw shafts 49 which shafts fixedly project out aid from the adjacent side wall of the furnace, as best shown in Fig. 9. The outer gears 48 have hub extensions of sleeve form projecting through the outer side of the frame part 46 and one has a crank arm 50 fixed thereto while the other has a collar 51 fixed to its-outer end. The idler gear 48 is carried by a spindle;4.8 that is fixed to the frame part 46 for movements therewith. Upon a. turning of the crank 50 rotation is communicated to the several gears 48, and the outer gears turning on the threaded shafts l9 cause an outward'or inward movement of the gears on the shaft and a corre sponding movement of the frame part 46 relative to the furnace wall. depending on the direction of rotation of the gears. The door A is adapted to seat into. the furnace opening 18 and it is therefore necessary to move the entire door out with respect to the opening a certain distance before it is possible to swing the door on its hinge. It is for this reason that the frame part 46 by which the door is carried is adapted for adjustment inward and outward with respect to the furnace. closed position against swinging relative to the bracket 46 by a pin 52, which is projected through registering openings in the reextends above the same to substantially The door 44 is locked in itsspective hinge studs of the door and frame part at one side of the hinge pivot, as best shown in Fig. 8.

53 designates a trough-like member which is carried by the door 44 and projects inward through the opening thereof and into the adjacent end of the shell 25 below the outer end portion of the mandrel 15. This member is outwardly and downwardly inclined and serves to catch any particles of glass which may drop from the mandrel within the outer end portion of the shell 25 and to direct such particles of glass outward through the opening in the door instead of permitting them to fall into the shell 25 and then to pass from the outer end thereof into the interior of the furnace.

In the form of the invention disclosed in Figs. 14 to 20, which is really the preferred form thereof, the construction of the furnace is changed slightly from that heretofore described, and the rotating shell which incloses the forming mandrel in said former construction is replaced by a stationary shell or housing which incloses the mandrel and prevents the flames within the furnace from having contact with the glass as it flows from the retaining trough onto and down the mandrel. In this form of fur nace the molten glass in the trough is also covered so that the direct contact of the flames therewith is prevented.

In this apparatus designates the furnace, which has the two

heating chambers

61 and 62 therein in communication through the opening" or passageway (53, through which the trough 64 containing the molten glass projects. The elevated receiving end (34 of the trough isdisposed adjacent to the glass introducing opening 65 of the furnace and this portion of the trough is inclosed by a. housing 66 except at the end thereof adjacent to the glass introducing opening. The forming mandrel, which is designated 67, is disposed within a stationary shell or housing part 68, that is arranged within the furnace chamber 62 and completely prevents flames within said chamber from having Contact with the glass as it flows onto and down the mandrel, the heating of the mandrel being entirely by radiation. The inner side wall of the shell or housing 68 extends to the bottom of the trough (34, while the outer side wall thereof is disposed in advance of the discharge end of the trough ilTllltl t e level of its sides and cooperates with top slabs 69 to prevent the entrance of flames into the trough and interior of said hous-.

ing. The bottom wall of the housing 68 is preferably tapered to increase the depth thereof forward from its rear end, as shown in Fig. let.

The shaft 7 0, which carries the-mandrel 67, projects rearward from the interior of the housing 68 through a vertically elongated opening 71 in the furnace wall and is rotatably mounted in a bearing 72 fixed to the free end of an angled or L-form of arm 73 (Fig. 19). This arm extends around the adjacent corner of the furnace and is pivoted at its inner end to a stud 74, which is fixed to and projects outward from the adjacent end of the furnace (Figs. 17, 18 and 19). The arm 73 is disposed in a plane with the mandrel 67 and shaft 70 with the swinging axis thereof horizontally intersecting the mandrel in a vertical plane with the discharge outlet 64* of the trough 64, as shown in Figs. 18 and 20, thus enabling the inclination of the mandrel 67 to be adjusted by a Vertical swinging of the arm 73 without varyingthe distance between. the trough discharge passage and the point on the mandrel on which the molten glass immediately flows. The arm 73 is adjustably supported by a stem 75, which is disposed at the rear side of the furnace and threads at its lower end through a boss 76 projecting from the furnace wall.

It is apparent that a changing of the inclination of the mandrel 67 will vary'the speed of flow of the molten glass down the same, other conditions remaining unchanged. The opening 71 in the furnace wall through which the mandrel shaft projects is vertically elongated to permit a vertical swinging of the shaft therein, and this opening is closed, except at the point of projection therethrough of the shaft 70, by a plate 77, which has an opening 78 therein through which the shaft projects. This plate is se cured for vertical adjustment to the outer side of the furnace wall, as shown at 79 in Fig.15, to permit an adjustment of "the same with the shaft.

The large opening 80, which is provided in the furnace wall at the forward or outlet end of the chamber (38 formed by. the housing 68, is closed by a vertically sliding door or gate 81, except for an opening 82 in said door through which the glass tubing or cane is drawn from the mandrel 67. This door is carried in suspended position, in the present instance, by a cable 83, which its upper end to an adjusting screw 84 that projects up loosely through a bearing'85, ad-

jacent to the top of the furnace, and threads through an ,adjusting wheel 86, which is mounted over and rests loosely on said bear ing. A damper plate 87 is disposed adjacent to each side of the door opening 82 and these plates are suspended for opposed hori zontal adjustment from a shaft 88 with which a pair of carrying

blocks

89, 89 have respective right and left threaded connection, thus adapting a turning of said shaft in one direction or the other to effect an inward or outward adjustment in unison of the damper plates 87 with respect to the veris attached at as desired. This shaft is shdwn as carrying" a sprocket-wheel" 91, which is connected by a.'sprocket-cl1ain 92 to a sprocket-wheel 93, which is mounted loosely on the outer end of the stub-shaft 74, which carries the arm 73. A bevel gear 94 is fixed to theinner side of the sprocket wheel 93 and meshes with a companion gear on the adjacent end of a shaft 95, which shaft is mounted in the inner end portion of the arm 7 3 lengthwise there of and projects therefrom at the elbow of said arm. The elbow end of said shaft has bevel gear connection 96 with a shaft 97, that is carried by the outer end portion of the arm lengthwise thereof and is in bevel connection at its opposite end, as at 98, with the mandrel shaft 70. The shaft 7 0 is hollow and has connection with any suitable source of air supply, as for instance, in the manner shown in connection with Fig. 4.

99 designates a peek opening, which is provided through an end wall of the furnace and the outer side wall of the mandrel housbottom.

In the use of my invention glass is deposited in the trough or receptacle 64, preferably in a molten state, being preferably transferred thereto from a melting furnace, and is maintained in such condition within the furnace by the heat provided therein. The molten glass is then permitted to flow in a continuous properly regulated stream from the discharge end of the trough down onto the registering portion of the forming mandrel at a distance from its discharge end and is caused to flow down the inclined mandrel by gravity action and at the same time to wind thereon and form an evenly distributed film or covering there over. The fluidity of the glass causes it to flow down the inclined mandrel and to pass from the discharge end thereof in the form of a'tube or cane, depending on whether or not air is being discharged in to the mateclosing housing due heat therethrough from furnace, thus maintaining molten condition ,while mandrel. This heat should be so regulated, however, as to permit a gradual cooling of the glass from the receiving to the discharging end of the mandrel sothat it will have attained sufficient consistency by the time it is drawn from.the mandrel to support its own weight and not completely pull in two. It will'be understood that the material does not become set in form until it has been drawn some distance from-the end of the mandrel, and that the material is stretched out and narrowed in diameter after leaving the end of the mandrel. In some cases it is foundne'cessary' to play a flame .against the material slightly in advance of the discharge end of the mandrel in order to prevent atoo rapid cooling of the glass after leaving the mandrel. In the case of the construction shown in Fig. 2 the glass on the mandrel is maintained within a high heat while pass- 'jected through the openings ing down the same through the gradually restricted passage 25 of the inclosing shell and then emerges from said highly .heated portion into a cooler zone, as within the enlarged outer end portion 25* of the shell, which is in communication with the atmosphere, thus causing a slight cooling or increasing of the consistency of the molten glass at the point of drawing of the same from the mandrel.

In the use of an inclosing shell or housing, such as shown in Fig. 14, the gradual enlarging of the size of the oven 68 formed by said housing, the communication of the same at its enlarged or outer end with the atmosphere, and the regulation of the burners which heat the inner and outer end portions of the housing 68 cause a gradual reducing of the temperature within said housing from the inner to the outer end of the mandrel, of the glass as it and from the discharge end thereof. In

this connection it will be noted in Fig. 14

that a wall 102 divides the furnace chamber 62 into rear and forward portions, each of which is provided with respective burners for heating the same, the burners being pro- 103 in the furnace bottom.

flowing down the thus effecting a gradual cooling flows down the mandrel;

a The air pressure discharged into the drawn material through the forming mandrel when tubing is being formed need only periodical, however, as tubing of more uniform and perfect character is thereby produced than is possible with the manual blowingof tubing. It is found in practice that it is not necessary to connect the mandrel with a source of air presslire supply, as air in sufficient quantity may be admitted therethrough into the drawn material by merely opening the outer end of the mandrel passage to the atmosphere, so that air under atmospheric pressure is admitted.

I wish it understood that the particular apparatus and different parts thereof illustrated and described are merely typical embodiments of a few forms of my invention, and that the specific constructions described herein are merely by way of illustration and not by way of limiting or narrowing my claims, as obviously a great many changes in construction and design can be made without departing from the spirit of my invention and without affecting the difierent subaround which molten material is permitted to flow and lengthwlse from which it is drawn in cylindrical form. r

2. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotating mandrel onto and around which molten material is permitted to flow and lengthwise from which it is drawn in cylindrical form. g

3. In an apparatus of the class described, an inclined rotating mandrel onto and around which molten material is permitted to flow and lengthwise from which it is drawn in cylindrical form.

4. In an apparatus of the class described, an inclined mandrel onto and around which molten material is permitted to flow and lengthwise from which it is drawn in cylindrical form, said mandrel having provision for the introduction of air into the material drawn therefrom.

5. In an apparatusof the class described, a rotating mandrel onto and around which molten material is permitted to flow and lengthwise from which it is drawn in cylindrawn therefrom. I 6. In an apparatus of the-class described,

an inclined rotating mandrel onto and around which molten material is permitted to flow and lengthwisefrom which it is drawn in cylindrical form, said mandrel having provision for the introduction of air into the material drawn therefrom;

7. In an apparatus of the class described, an inclined forming mandrel onto and around which molten material is permitted to flow and lengthwise from which .it is drawn in cylindrical form, said mandrel having a passage lengthwise therethrough, and means for introduclng a1r at a constant predetermined pressure into the drawn material through said passage.

8. In an apparatus of the class described,

, a rotating mandrel onto and around which molten material is permitted to flow and lengthwise from which it is drawn in cylindrical form, said mandrel having a passage lengthwise therethrough, and "means for introducing air at a constant predetermined material through said passage. 7

9. In an apparatus of the class described,

an inclined rotating mandrel onto and 'around whlch molten material is permltted to flow and lengthwise from which it is drawn in cylindrical form, said mandrel having a passage lengthwise therethrough, and means for introducing air at a constant predetermined pressure into the drawn material through said passage.

10. In an apparatus of-the class described,

a. rotatable mandrel onto which molten material is deposited and lengthwise from which it is drawn in "cylindrical form, and means for rotating said mandrel at a pre determined speed.

I 11. In an apparatus of the class described, an inclined rotatable mandrel onto and around which molten material may How and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form, and means for rotating the mandrel at a constant predetermined speed.

12. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotatable mandrel onto and around which molten material may flow and lengthwise.

from whichit may be drawn in cylindrical form, said mandrel having provision for the introduction of air into the drawn material, and means for rotating said mandrel at a predetermined speed.

13. In an apparatus of the class described, an inclined rotatable mandrel onto and around which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form, said mandrel having provision for the introduction of air into the wise therethrough, means for molten material may flow and lengthwise y from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form, said mandrel having a passage lengthintroducing a constant streamof fluid of even pressure into the drawn material through the mandrel, and means for rotating the mandrel at a predetermined speed.

15. In an apparatus of the class described, an inclined rotatable mandrel onto and around which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form, said mandrel having a passage lengthwise therethrough, means for introducing a constant stream of fluid of even pressure into the drawn material through said mandrel, and means for rotating the mandrel at a predetermined speed. i I

16. In an apparatus of the class described, a mandrel onto and arouiid which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form, said mandrel being gradually reduced in diameter toward its discharge end.

17. In an apparatus of the class described,

an inclined mandrel onto and around which .molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form, said mandrel being gradually reduced 1 in diameter toward its discharge end.

18. In an apparatus of the class described, an inclined rotating mandrel onto and around which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it maybe drawn in cylindrical f0rm,said mandrel being gradually reduced in diameter toward its discharge end.

19. In an apparatus of the class described, a shaft, a sleeve of heat resisting material fixed on said shaft and. cooperating therewith to form a mandrel onto which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form.

20. In an apparatus of theclass described, a shaft, a sleeve of heat resisting material fixed on said shaft and cooperating'therewith to form an inclined mandrel onto and around which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form.

21. a shaft, a sleeve of heat resisting material fixed on said shaft and coiiperating therewith to form an inclined rotatablemandrel onto and around which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawnin cylindrical form, and means for rotating said mandrel.

22. In an apparatus of the class described.

a rotating shaft, a tapered sleeve of heat resisting material fixed on an end portion of said shaft and cooperating therewith to form a mandrel onto and around the sleeve portion of which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form. I

23. In an apparatus of the class described, an inclined rotating shaft, a tapered sleeve of heat resisting material fixed on an end portion of said shaft and cooperating therewith to form a mandrel onto and around the sleeve of which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindricalform.

24. ,In an apparatusof the class described, a rotating shaft having a passage lengthwise therethrough, a heat resisting sleeve fixed on said shaft and cooperating therewith to form a mandrel onto and around the sleeve of which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form, and means for introducing fluid under a constant pressure through said shaft and into the drawn material.

25. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotating mandrel onto which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form, and means carrying said mandrel for tilting adjustment.

26. In an apparatus of the class described, an inclined rotating mandrel onto which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form, and means carrying said mandrel and adjustable to vary the inclination thereof.

27. In an apparatus of the class described, means for containing molten material and permitting it to flow in a. continuous regulated stream therefrom, and a single inclined rotating mandrel disposed in position for the material flowing from said means to be deposited thereon and be drawn from the discharge. end thereof in cylindrical form.

28. In an apparatus of the class described, means for containing molten material and permitting it to How in a continuous regulated stream therefrom, and an adjustable rotating mandrel disposed in position for the material flowing from said means to be deposited thereon and be drawn lengthwise therefrom in cylindrical form.

29. In an apparatus of the class described, means for containing molten material and permitting it to flow in a continuous regulated stream therefrom, and a rotatable tiltingly adjustable mandrel disposed in position for the material flowing from said means to be deposited thereon and be drawn lengthwise therefrom in cylindrical form.

30. In an apparatus of the class scribed, a heated chamber, a mandrel disposed within said chamber and onto which' ing therein, a rotatable mandrel disposed in said chamber and onto which molten material is permitted to flow and lengthwise s ,described, a heated chamber having "an openfrom which it is drawn in cylindrical fol-1n through the chamber opening.

32. In an apparatus of the class described, a furnace having an opening therein, means within the furnace for containing molten material and permitting it to flow in a .continuous regulated stream therefrom, and a mandrel disposed within the furnace in position for the material to flow thereon from said means and to be drawn lengthwise therefrom in cylindrical form through said opening.

33. In an apparatus of the class described, a furnace having an opening therein, means for containing molten material and permitting it to flow in a continuous regulated stream therefrom, a rotatable mandrel disposed in the furnace in position for materialto fiow thereon from said means and to be drawn lengthwise therefrom in cylindrical form through said opening.

34. In an apparatus of the class described, a furnace having an opening therein, means within the furnace for containing molten material and permitting it to flow in a continuous regulated stream therefrom, an inclined rotatable mandrel disposed within the furnace in position for material to flow thereon from said means and to be drawn lengthwise therefrom in cylindrical form through said opening.

- 35. In an apparatus of the class described, a furnace having an opening therein, means within the furnace for containing molten material and permitting it to flow in a continuous regulated stream therefrom, an adjustable rotating mandrel disposed with in said furnace in position for material to flow thereon from said means, then to wind around and flow down the same and be drawn lengthwise therefrom 1n cylindrical form through said opening.

36. In an apparatus of the class described,

a furnace having an opening therein, means within the furnace for containing molten material and permitting it to flow in a continuous regulated stream therefrom, a rotating mandrel disposed within the furnace in position to receive the material flowing from said means and to have the material drawn lengthwise therefrom in cylindrical form through said opening, said mandrel having provision for the introduction of air into the drawn material.

37. In an apparatus of the class described, a furnace, a rotating mandrel disposed with- 'in said furnace and'onto which molten material is permitted to flow and lengthwise from which it is drawn in cylindrical form, and means protecting at least a portion of the mandrel from the direct action of the furnace heat.

38. In an apparatus of the class described, a furnace, an inclined rotating mandrel disposed within saidfurnace and onto which molten material is permitted to flow and lengthwise from which it is drawn in cylindrical form, and means protecting at least a portion of the mandrel from the direct action of the furnace heat. I

39. In an apparatus of the class described, a furnace, a mandrel within the furnace onto which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form, and a' protecting shell disposed around said mandrel.

40. In an apparatus of the class described, a furnace. having an opening therein, an inclined rotating mandrel disposed in said furnace and onto which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form through said opening, and a protecting shell through which the mandrel projects.

41. In an apparatus of the class described, a furnace having an opening therein, an inclined rotating mandrel disposed in said furnace and onto which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form through said opening, and a protecting shell through which the mandrel projects. j x

42. In an apparatus of the class described, a furnace, a mandrel disposed in said. furnace and onto which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form, a protecting shell into which said mandrel projects, and means for adjusting the mandrel with respect to said shell. I

43. In an apparatus of the class described, afurnace, a shell forming a radiantly heated chamber in said furnace, and a. mandrel projected-into said shell and onto which molten material. may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form, said mandrel being tiltingly adjustable within the shell.

44. In an apparatus of the class described, a furnace having a chamber therein heated by radiation, means within the furnace for containing molten material and permitting it to flow in a continuous regulatedstream therefrom, and a mandrel projected into said chamber in position to have material flow thereon from said means and 'to be drawn lengthwise therefrom in cylindrical form.

45. In an apparatus of the class described, a furnace having a chamber therein which is heated by radiation, means withinthe furnace for containing molten material and permitting it to flow in a continuous regulated stream therefrom, and an inclined rotating mandrel projected into said chamber in position for material to flow thereon from said means, the material being then drawn lengthwise from the mandrel in cylindrical form.

and means for heating said chamber, said means being regulated to diminish the heat within the chamber lengthwise of the mandrel and toward said opening.

47. In an apparatus of the class described, a chamber having an opening in one end, an inclined rotating mandrel disposed within said chamber lengthwise thereof and onto which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn through said opening in cylindrical form, and means for heating said chamber in a manner to vary the heat lengthwise of the mandrel.

48. In an apparatus of the class described, a radiantly heated chamber having an opening therein, an inclined mandrel disposed in said opening, and means for depositing the molten material in a continuous stream on one portion of said mandrel, the material then flowing down the mandrel and being drawn therefrom in cylindrical form through said opening.

49. In an apparatus of the class described, a radiantly heated chamber having an opening therein, an inclined rotating mandrel disposed in said chamber. and means for depositing molten material in a continuous stream on said mandrel at a distance from its discharge end, the material then flowing down and around the mandrel and being drawn in cylindrical form therefrom through said opening.

50. In an apparatus of the class described, a heated chamber having an opening therein, a mandrel within the chamber and onto which molten material may flow and be drawn lengthwise. therefrom in cylindrical form through said opening, and means for varying the size. of said opening.

'51. In an apparatus of the class described, a. heated chamber having an opening therein, an inclined rotating mandrel within the chamber and onto which molten material may flow and be drawn lengtlm'ise therefrom in cylindrical form through said opening, and means for varying the size of said opening.

52. In an apparatus of the class described, a heated chamber having an opening therein, an adjustable inclined rotating mandrel within the chamber and onto which molten material may flow and be drawn lengthwise therefrom in cylindrical form through said opening, and means for varying the size of said opening.

53. In an apparatus of the class described, a tiltingly adjustable mandrel, and means for permitting molten material to flow in a continuous stream onto said mandrel and down the same, the material passing from said mandrel in cylindrical form, the part of the mandrel onto which the material immediately fipws from said-means remaining in predetermined spaced relation to said (rinezins during an adjustment of the man- 54. In an apparatus of the class described,

a rotatable tiltingly adjustable mandrel,

means for containing molten material and permitting it to flow in a continuous regulated stream onto said mandrel and thence down and around the same and to pass from the lower end thereof in cylindrical form,

means for rotating said mandrel, and means for tilting the same, the tilting axis of the mandrel being in the path of flow of molten material from said first means onto the man- I described, a furnace, a chamber w1th1n said furnace drel.

55. In an apparatus of the class having one end enlarged and provided with an opening, a mandrel disposed within said chamber, and means for permitting molten material to flow in acontinuous stream onto the mandrel and thence down and around the same and to pass from its discharge end through said opening, said chamber being cooler in the enlarged end portion thereof than in its other end.

56. In an apparatus of the class described, a furnace having two furnace chambers, a mandrel disposed in one chamber and a container for molten material disposed in the other chamber and having an outlet part projected over said mandrel in position to permit material to flow therefrom onto' the mandrel and thence down and around the same, the material passing from the lower end of the mandrel in cylindrical form.

57. In an apparatus of the class described, a furnace having two furnace chambers, one of which is provided with an outlet opening, an inclined rotating mandrel disposed in the chamber having the outlet opening, a trough in the chamber for containing molten a mandrel onto which molten material may.

flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form, and an angled arm mounted for rocking movements and carrying said mandrel for movements therewith. a r

59. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotatable mandrel onto which molten material may flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form, an angled arm mounted for rocking movements and carrying said mandrel for rotary movements, one portion of said arm extending transversely from the mandrel and the other portion extending lengthwise of the mandrel, and means for rotating said mandrel in any position of its adjustment with the arm. 7

60. In an apparatus of the class described, a heated chamber having on outlet opening therein, a door for said opening having an opening therein in register with the chamber opening and vertically adjustable to vary the depth of its opening, means horizontally adjustable to vary the width of said door opening, and means within thechamber for changing molten material flowingthereon into cylindrical form and permitting it to pass outward through said door opemng.

61'. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotatable mandrel onto which molten material may. flow and lengthwise from which it may be drawn in cylindrical form, said mandrel having a removable tip portion.

62. In an apparatus of the class described,

a rotatable mandrel onto and around which I molten material may flow'and lengthwise from which it may pass in cylindrical form, said mandrel having a passage provided lengthwise .therethrough and having a removable tip at its discharge end.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name to this specification.

EDWARD 'naunnn.