US1219419A - Tunneling or excavating machine. - Google Patents

Description

0. 0. APP. l TUNNELING 0R EXCAVATING MACHINE.

NN Q o. 0.,APP. TUNNELING 0R EXCAVATINI MACHINE.

I APPLICATION FILED SEPT. ID. I9I0. Y f A y 1,219,419. Patented Mar. 20,1917. y V

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' 0. 0. APP.

TUNNELNG 0R EXCAVATING `MAIINL'.`

APPLICATlN FILED SEPT. ro, 1910.

Patented Malz 20, 1917. I

v 0. 0. APP.

TUNNELING QR EXCAVATING MACHINE.

APPucATlou FILED SEPT. 1o. 19m.

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0. 0. APP.

TUNNELING 0R EXCAVATING M\CH|NE.

APPLICATmN'HLED sEPTl 1o. 1910.

Patented Mm'. 20, 1917.

s SHEETS-SHEET 5 Y TUNNELING 0R EXCAVATING MACHINE.

. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 1Uvl9l0. 1,21 9,419. .Patented Mr.20,1917.

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\ 'UNITED sTATEs PATENT onirica.

OLIV-ER 0. APIE', 0F NEW YORK, N.

Application filed September 10, 1910.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, Omvnii O. Arr, a citi.- zen of the United States, residing at the city of New' York, in the borough of Manhattan and State of New York, have invented ceitain new and' useful Improvements in Tunn neliiig or Excavating Machines, of' which the following is a full, clear, and exact dcsci'iption.

This invention relates to tunneling ma chinos and'has for its object the provision of .apparatus for driving tunnels or sinking shafts with a maximum 'of e'flicieney and with a. ininiiiiuni expenditure of power and wear on the tools. l have devised a mechanisrii in which, if so desired, all of the tools employed may be ,driven at substantially the saine rate of cutting speed and in which each of the respective tools is subjected to substantially.I the saine amount Vof Wear. F urthermore, the parts are so arranged lthat certain of the tools may be broken or otherwisc'uiitted to perform their function without materially impairing the actionof the apparatus; indeed by reason of the novel arrangement of parts hereinafter set forth, it is possible to cut a tunnel with but a single tool, suoli tool being adapted to be passed successively over every portion of a given y area. Other objects of my invention will be hereinafter set forth and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Iii the drawings which form a part hereof: Figiircl is a vertical axial section taken through one forni of my tunneling apparatus; Y Fig. 2 is atransverse section taken on line II-II of Fig. 1; y

Fig. 3 is a similar section taken on the line 40, III-III of Fig.` 1;:

Fig. 4 is a transverse section taken on line a portion of the equalizer ,IV-IV of Fig. l

therein shownl being broken away in order to Shopvv the air channels therein; the heads in this instance lbeingboth equipped with fluid pressure operated tools;

Fig. 5 shows a modified form ofmy tunbeng a section of such apneling apparatus; y paratus corresponding t'o that shown in a modified form of mechanism` for suppoiting the planetary driven tunneling heads; this particular embodinientV of my inve' tion illustrating means for Specification of Letters Patent.

Pat ented Mar. 20, 191.7.

Serial No. 581,3 i0.

regulating or adjusting `the'distance between the centers of suoli heads.;

F ig. 7 is a fragnentary side elevation of the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 6;

Fig is another modification illustrating dillereut means for aecmnplishing the 'sepa ration of the' plane Lary driven heads; and Fig. 9 is an 'end elevation of an apparatus embodying the principles of my invention; showing the application o to the cutting or tinneling heads;

Figs. 10 and 11 are details showing the valve-chest in. secti in.

Referring novv to the form of device illustinted in Fig. 1, vc will consider the rew spective features of the mechanism, therein shown in sequence.

Flam taf/y drive.

The means by which I accomplish the movement of the tc ols, hereinbefore referred to, essentiallyy comprises a plurality of rotin table heads which are so mounted that in addition to their individual rotation about 4their respective aies, they may further be revolved about a (ommen axis, W be that of the geieral mechanism. In the particular einbodir ient ofimy inventionherein shown, a hollow main shaft 1 carries thereon a gear 2 u hicli ,is positionedLfor engageiiient with a iinion 3` which is driven by a suitable mot( i' 4. or otherwise seeui'( d to the shaft and is inevahle longitiulinalljr with respect to the. axis of the pinion 3, tlie face of .such pinion being of suilici'ent width to permit ofcoiisiderable movement of the gear tliei'eover, while hicli may t f a muck-shield The gear 2 is keyed being maintained in engagement tl'iereivitli.

The motor 4 is sui :ably housed in a casing 5, a portion of which casing is secured to, and in this instance firms, an integral part of a cylinder 6. VIhirs cylinder is disposed around and is i lnefe'iably concentric with, the shaft 1,'aiid has therein a piston which is fixedly secured '.o a second hollow shaft S,

orii ,ing la. sleeve therefor. The

and virtu-.illy f forward end o head 9 from the f ront a cylindric a stuffing b able gland 11 beii extremity of this cylinder:y 6 is correspon face of which -projects f the cylinder isclosed by a al extension 10 which constitutes ox for the hollow shaft 8; a suitg provided at the forward box. The rear end of the dingly closed by a this shaft beingdisposed around ,the first ,m0 A

Aner to the casin head 13, a downwardl extending portion of which may be secure in any suitable man- 5. This head is also rovided with a stu ng box, the gland of w ich has been desi nated 14. The hollow shaft 8 is adapted to e reciprocated by the piston 7 and may be also adapted for rotation. The forward end of this shaft carries a gear 15 which Vis secured thereto in any suitable manner. This extremity of the shaft 8 also has revolubly mountedthereon directly to the rear of gear 15, one side or section of a. bracket or tunneling head support 16. This support preferably consists of two principal sections, one of which is mounted upon the extremity of the sliaft'8 in the manner. above described, and the other of which is keyed to the forward extremity of theshaft 1. The gear 15 and a, collar 17 on shaft 8 prevent longitudinal displacement of the support. The respective sections of the support or bracket are secured together by the connecting parts 18 and the sections have journaled .in preferably. diametrically opposite portions thereof the hollow spindles 1f), each of which carries a pinion 20 which is disposed for engagement with the gear 15. be observed that the face of the gear 15 is relatively somewhat widerthan the. faces 'of the pinions 20, so as to permit of lateral displacement of said pilnions with respect to said gears, for reasons hereinafter set-forth. The shaft 8 is prevented from forward end- -wise movement with respect to-shaft 1 by a collar 21 while the rear end of the shaft 8 correspondingly' bears against the hub of the gear 2. As the forward section of thc head support 1.6 is keyed to the shaft 1, when the latter is rotated by the gear 2, the sup-- port will be correspondingly rotated, and as the gear 15 may be held stationary, or coinpai'ativelyso, the pinions 20, by reason. of their engagement therewith. rotate the. spindles 19 and therebythe tool-carrying tlmneling heads .22, which aie carried upon the forward extremities of these lspindles, and hence may properly be said to. be planetary driven. y v

It is obvious, of course, that the relative speeds of'rotation of the heads with Irespect to the driving shaft 1, may be varied by variously rotating, or permitting the rotation of, the shaft S. If this shaft be permitted to freely revolve at the saine speed as that of shaft 1. the heads would cease to tin-n inL dividually; but would still continue to rotate around the axis of shaft 1; while if the rotation of shaft 8 be retarded, the `rotation of the heads 22 about their own axes will be correspondingly accelerated. In other words the speed and direction of rotation of the respective shafts determines the relative directionoi rotation and speeds of thelieads and support..

The particular arrangement of. mechanism employed in this embodiment of m iiir'ven'f tion for obtaining these differentia speeds will be hereinafter described.

Supporting devices.

I shall next consider the centering or sup,- porting devices whereby the tools areproperly positioned in the shafts and held to their work. The cylindrical extension 10 is journaled in a hollow block or annulus 30 which is shown in cross section in Fig. 3. This block is provided on opposite sides thereof with trunnions 31, which in turn are journaled at 32 in the octagonal frame 33. This frame in turn carries a. air of trimnions 34 which are disposed s u 'stantially at right angles to those first mentioned, and an outer or supporting frame 35 is mounted upon these trunnions. This construction virtually provides a universal joint, so that the axis of the machine may be swung 'in any direction with respect tothe fra-nie 35, within certain limits. The outerframecarries a plurality of jacks 36, the lconstruction of which will be hereinafter more particula rly set forth. l

The rear end of shaft l has somewhat correspondingly mounted thereon' a block ol.' frame 37 suitable ball-bearings 38 being provided to permit free rotation of the driv.- ing shaft within its supporting block, the balls being. held in positionby rings 39; and the outer sides of these rings in turn bearing against the collars 40 and 4l which are secured to shaft ,l in any suitable manner. Block 37 has'been shown in end elevation and partial section in Fig. 2 and carries the rear jacks 4 2. These jacks are substanupon its outer face for a considerable dis-,v

tance for engagement with a nut 46; and

each'nut is provided with an annular groove or recess 47 which isadapted for engagement with 'a pair of semicircular plates 48; these plates being secured to the frame 37 by screws 49, or in any other suitable manner'.

It is obvious that when a nut 4() is turned, its

corresponding stud 45 will be moved into or out of the frame 37, according to the direction 'of rotation of said nut. The outer extremities of the studs are Hattened on op`V posite sides thereof to afford seats for the hubs of rollers 50; these rollers. being mounted upon pins51 which extendout lat.- erally from the flattened portions of the studs. '.lhesc rollers are tapered 'and rounded slightly so as to' permit themto conform to the sides of the tunnel and by iso Il l.)

means of the nuts 46 the said rollers can be driven outwardly into engagement with the walls of the tunnel andthereby center the axis of the machine. ,ln the interior of each stud 45 is an h draulic piston or plunger 51 which is keye againstrotation by the key 52 which rides in a slot 53. The outer extremity of each of these plungers carries a shoe 54 which ispreferably made removable so that it may be replaced when worn. This i.:onstruction constitutes an inner and fluid- `,liressure o` erated jack; any suitable fluid luing admitted behind the piston through p the orifice 55. The fluid pressure system will,

ilater descrilieiil, but it is obvious that when uid is introduced under pressure back of the plungers 51, the same will be driven outwiu'dly, firmly enga ing the walls of the tunnel and locking t e particular frame to 'w ich they are attached in position. In operation, assuming that the forward plunare under pressure` and that the universally jointed frame 35 is thereby firmly positioned; ressure may be applied to the r face o piston 7 which will urge the shaft 8, and thereby the support 16 and heads Q2, forwardly; the shaft 1 also being pulliind forwardly by reason of the ,engagenient of the forward extremity of shaft 8 with collar 21. As the heads work their way into the rock or other material through which the tunnel is being driven, the frame C'li' willbe correspondingly `pulled along by the shaft 1 and the rollers of the rear jacks i will guide this` advance along the proper line.

lfit should be here observed that it is posulle to change the direction of the cut by nei-ly' adjusting the nuts L16. For examframe 3T lbe thrown outwardly, and the lower spindles correspondingly inward, the axis o'l shaft 1 will be obliquely disposed with. rcspcctto the axis ofthat section of the i tunnel which has already been cut, so that iilie heads will thereafter cut into ythe rock ubliquely'. `,This constitutes a very important feature of my invention.

Assuiningnow that the piston 7 has traversed its stroke, the rear jackplungers will be driven into engagen'ient with the tunnel walls and the forward plungers will be retracted, by respectively (mening and closing the. cocks hereinafter referred to which con- This construction permits of substantially continuous operation it is not necessary to stop thetools at any time, since by reversing the direction of travel of the piston l. ile, if the two upper spindles 45 of the 'while correspondingly changing the `sets of Tool-hoh ling heads.

The heads 22 carr the toolsx60 which may be of any suitable f scription, such, for example, as fluid pressi ireoperated tools, electric or spring tools, aero-electric tools.` or they may even lie iionrevoluble straight steel bars, which constitute cutting,r tools. Furthermore it is ol vious that the tools iii the respective heads may be dilferei'it in character. Thus, fo' example, I may have pneufniatically-operat ed tools, such as chisels, carried on one head, and steel cutting'bars carried by the other head, as shown in Fig. 5. This arrangement is of particular utility in driving through certain formations, c., shale or schist; the saale being dislodged in flakes by the actioli of the chipping tool and such flakes being then broken Vor ground up by the acti-on of the cutting tools carried by the other head. llie particular embodiii'ient of my inveiitiin herein shown parrics but two heads, but i; is within the scope of my invention to have either a single head or any desired numbeip,

Egualiz ing aie/vice.`

Referring again to Fig. l, the spindles 19 have collars 61 secured `to their forward ends, to the rear of lhe cutting heads; these 100 Ymounted collar 61. The construction of the 105 collars 61 is bestshown in Fig. 4, said eollars being interiorli` grooved as at -64 and each of the spindles )eiiigprovided with one or more ducts 65 w iich afford communication between thc intrrior of the hollow spin- 110 dles and grooves G1. `'l`he collars (l1 are pro`- vided with trunnionu 6G which are journaled in the respective ext :'einities of the equalizer bars 67 these bars 1n turn being pivoted upon trunnions (58 w nich are positioned upon '115 the respective sides of a block69-whicli is securely carried upin `tlic forward extremity of the shaft 1. C ppositely disposed ducts 7() extend outwardly through the sides `of block 69 and throughvthe trunnionsthereof, 120

a little toone `side i fthe axis of such trun- "nioi'is, and communicate with corresponding ducts 71 which extend through the length of the equalizer bars aiid each of the collars G1 correspcndingly" providedwitli 125 ducts or conduits 72, so that communication is afforded through` the respective grooves and ducts with the nterior of shaftA 1.` ir" or other suitable fh id is thus delivered urider pressure to the interior-of thespiwidles 13? 19 tnrough tHe-"hollow shaft 1 and is thence conducted through the small ipes 73 to fluid pressure operated tools. y he supportig structure for the heads above described permitsthe parts to nicely adjust themselves to the varying conditions of the Work.

Normally, of course, the equalizing device provides means for equalizing the strain upon the tools, since when, for example, .at a given instant more or less rock is encountered in the upper half of the bore and muck in the lower half thereof, the equalizing device permits the heads and consequently the tools to adjust themselves to the conditions and equalize the strain thereupon. lhen the condition of the Work renders the equalizingaction lindesirablc, the spindles 19 ma be locked against lon itudinal movement ll, means of the collars 4 which may be slipped-over their respective spindles 19 into engagement withthe support 16, and locked in suchposition on said spindles. The collars 74 serve a further function in that by shiftingthei-r positions along the respective spindles while, maintaining both collars in contact with the inner face of the support 16,- it becomes possible to dispose o'ne of the heads in a. forward or cutting posi- V.tion while th other is correspondingly retr'acted. Thus if one head be provided with chipping toolswhile the. other is equipped with cutting tools, either or both sets of tools may be usedV as found necessary.

The heads may be' mounted u on the extremities of the spindles I9 by being screwed A thereupon or in any other suitable manner and the rear extremities of each of these spindles carries a cap 75 which closes the end thereof.

Regulating mechanism.

The regulating mechanism used in the embodiment of my invention shown in Fig. 1, comprises a band-brake 80- and a coperating pulley 81 therefor, provides means for .regulating the travel or slippage of 'the shaft 8. KThis pulley may be intefgral with the rear extremity of said sha and is grooved upon its cripher for the reception of the brakeand. his bra-ke is in some respects of the usual construction, beprovided with a tightening member 82 i v(slg'iown in Fig. 2) which is secured to a rock-shaft 83 which is mounted 1n a lug 84, said lug extending out laterally from the l block or`frame 37. The rear extremity-of the rock shaft carries an operating level-"8.5, preferably clamped thereto, so as to permit of relative adjustment therebetween. The middle of this lever, which preferably extends some. distance beyond the axis of the machine, bears against a cam S6 carried on shaft 1; so that the rock shaft will oscillated one or more times, according to the formation of the cam, during each revolution of shaft 1. y Y

Assuming now that but a single depression 81 has been formed in the cam surface, it'is evident that the outer cam surface when in engagement with the. lever, will normally tend to tauten the band-brake and lock the shaft 8 against rotation; but when the lever encounters the depression 87,l the tension of the band-brake will be relieved. The gear 15 will then be no longer able tc drive the pinions 20 at the speed at which' they had previouslybeen driven and will in turn, under the action of the said pinions,

'lov

he rotated more or less rapidly, according hen-ce affords means for regulating the relativespeed of the heads and also effects the displacement of the tools carried thereby from the paths in which they would otherwise have continually traveled. This arrangement therefor(l affords means for causing each tool to traverse every point upon the Surface to be cut, so that all of the tools are bound to wear equally.

In addition to being automatically controll'ed the band-brake may be controlled `manually by the operator by means of the lever 85' by properly adjusting it with resp'ect to the rock shaft. This same ad'ustment obviously also affords means for `determining the brake pressure to be exerted upon pulley 81.

Fluid-pressure' controlling appliances.

Referring now more particularly to Figs. 10 and 11, upon the upper portion of the cylinder 6 is seated a chest 95I in which are positioned the valves for controllin the respective plan-gers 51 and the piston Five small handles 96 are positioned on each side of this chest, four of such handles serving t0 control the respective plungers upon the forward frame, while 'four upon the other side of the chest correspondingly control the lplungers carried by the rear frame; the remaining handle upon each side serving, re-

specthely, to control the admission of fluid to one or the other sides of piston. 7. A

suitable pump 97 is provided for delivering the fluid pressure through the respective pipes to the several jacks. this pump being driven by a.motor 98. The pipes 99 which extend rearwardly from the chest toward joint which may being feathered upon the fram'e 37, may be Viexible to allow for the approach of said frame toward the front of the machine or other suitable arrangements may be provlded, such as flexibly connected pipe sections or the like.

lluck-oooeycr. Auv suitable muck-conveyor may be provided iu connection with the apparatus and in this embodiment of my .invention I have shown a drag convcyer 100 which is pro- 'vided with a .series of buckets or like devices, the oonveyer' passing successively around the head'pulley 101, 'the rear pulley 102 and idler 103. The rear pulley is driven by ine-ans of a suitable sprocket secured tothe saine shaft as the pulley which is driven by the chain 101; said chain being in turn driven from the sprocket 105 which is carried by the shaft 106; this shaft being driven by the worlx'i-wheel 107 and worin 10S. A suitable motori-00 may be'provided 'for d rivine this worm.`

llmov" con fmf't'irms.

It is desirable to supply water under pressure, delivering the saine against the face of the work and hence a water pi pe. `110 is disposed along the axis of shaft 1. the. forward extremity of this pipe being screwed firmly into enga gement with the center of the block 4(S). as shown inthe similar arrangement illustratori in Fig. 5, cha nnels being provided through this'y block adjacent to ducts 70, substantially parallel thereto, but directly alongthe axis of the trunnions 08. The eX- tremity of each of these trunnions has screwed thereon a suitable connection 111 whereby i rater may be delivered to theperforated spray pipes 112 in the manner shown in Fig. 4. As the pipe 110 is rotated by reason of its engagement with the block 69, it is necessary toprovide a suitable slip-joint whereby said pipe may be connected to the stationary water supply pipe 113. spondinglir the extremity of shaft 1 is joined to a stationary pipe 111 by a slipbe of anysu-itable construction such as that indicated in Fig. 1, joints of thischaracterbeing quite common.

Modification, illustrated in Fg. f

In the modification shown in Fig. 5, the lnain shaft 120 is directly driven by a` motor 121 through the instrumentality of a worm 122 and worin-wheel 123; worm-'wheel i225 the shaft 120 so as to iermit longitudinal movement of the said shaft therethro1.1gh. The motor is carried upon a suitable platform 12-1 wl'lieh sup: ported at its rear end by `the bracket 12a, which is journaled around the shaftl, and by the forward bracket 126 which is secured to the cylinder 127. This cylinder 1s disany stoppage l sharpening Corre posed concentrically about the axis ofshaft 120 and carries a piston 128, whichin this 4form of device is preferably provided with piston rings 129 or the like; thepiston 128 being secured direc ,ly to the shaft 120. The cylinder 127 is supjiorted by trunnions (not shown) which are journaled in the frame 128'; this frame in turn being pivotally connected to the outer frame 129 by trunnions 130. The trunnions for supporting the cylinder 127 are similar in construction to the trunnions 31 utilized-to support'the annulus or hollow block 30, as shown in Fig. 3. This method of connecting the cylinder to the outer or jack-frame provides 9,' substantially similar universal joint construction to that utilized in the fori i of device shown in Fig.

1. The heads 131 and 132 are mounted 1n ping tools 133, w iilethc head 132 is provided with fixod cl tting barslll. It may be. i

latter form of tools that this mechanism is adapted to be continuously operated without necessitating the reof for the purpose of tools (f this description, since it is obvious that as the cutting about the noted in connection with the round ritil. the tt ol-becomes too dull 'to effectuall)7 abrade The surface of the rock or otherxnaterial against which it is being operated; but by mirely reversing the motor, the heads will bo correspondingly rotated in reverse direction which will cause the opposite face of each `of these tools to be brought into action andthe tool will then be self-sharp ening. In its general aetion the' modification illustrated in Fig. 5 isvery similar to that hereinbefore described,Y the prim ipal differences being the method of driving the main sha-ft, and the manner of mounting which corresponds to the gear 15 inthe former device is, in this instance, held stationary at all times b3' reason of its being secured directly to the cylindrical extension 136 which forms a part of the forni-ard head of the cylinder. W `ien the shaft 120 driven forwardly, the spindles 137, which herein are somewhat longer than those above mentioned, are urged downwardly through the support 138, the pinions 139 slipplng thereover. These pini ons, however, are feathered to the said spindles so that the latter will tool is rotated axis of the supporting spindle, the forward edge ther sof will gradually be worn the Cylinder, di- 4rectly Wit-hin the miversal joint frames; land it Will be noted tl at in this caseI the gear 135 rotate no matter in what position the heads' may be.

" 35 dlgs 14s, bein 50 wm be; dis

6 and 7 Ihave illustrated means .by whic the tool-carryi heads'140 may be 6 swung outwardlyfrom t e axis of the ma-. much,

. chine, 'thus enabling a. tunnel of greater 'diameter to be driven than would be possiblenf with the same size of head were they Supplorted in the manner above de- 1 scribed. he heads 140 are mounted upon spindles 141 whichare journaledin the res ctive outer extremities of the arms 142, t e `inner. extremities of said arms bein [corresponding'ly pivoted to s indles 143. hese latter spindles are carri u von a cross-head 144 whlch, is in turn revolu lv mounted on the extremity .of the main shaft, in this case numbered 145. The relative o sitions of the arms 142'is determined by te screws 146;

A the hea-ds of theS0`SQIeWS being revolubly held in sockets 147 which are pivoted upon either side of the hubof the cross-head. The pivoted'nuts 148 are correspondingly mounted, adjacent the outer extremities of the arms 142 so that when a turnin pin is inserted into the holes 149 provid in the extremity of each of the screws 146, thesaid,

N,screws may be rotated vclockwise o r'counterclockwise and cause the said bars to swing inwardly or outwardly as desired. The heads in this instance are a ain planetary driven, the gear 150, being a xed, relatively fixed or intermittently movable gear; the pinions 151 which are carried upon the spin- Ydisposed in engagement with said gear, an in turn driving the gears 152. These latter gears in turn mtermesh with the intermediate gears 153 which drive the gears 154, these latter gear-wheels being se- 40 cured to spindles 141 andl thereby serving to rotate the heads. By reason of the'respective trains of gears it isV hence possible to continuously drive the heads, no matter in what position they ma be disposed. This construction also rmi one ofthe heads to be Screwed inwar ly until its periphery substantially contacts with thelv axis of the 'machine; while the other may be screwed outwardly to such an extent that its periphery osed ata distance from the axis of the mac ine substantially equal to the diameter of the other head. The heads will thus be non-symmetrically dis osed, but will' nevertheless be adapted to e ciently cut a tunnel of large diameter.

'Modycaton of estensz'be wd mechanism.

heads in the manner' above described. In

this instance, however, the heads will in all cases be symmetrically-disposed and the cen.-

ters thereof will be at all times in alinement with each other and with the principal 'axis l of the machine. The arrangement here' ein` -latter four are provided in all; the inner `one alone willsuiceto accomplish the ex- .traverse the same tunnel with the heads in ployed embodies, in a way, a lazy-ton s construction. The heads 160 are carrle upon spindles which extend through the outer exA tremities of the bars or links 161, of which extremities of these bars being connected to lthe cross-heads 162; and thiscross-head is in turn pivotally carried upon the extremity of the main shaft 163. The pivotally mounted nuts 164 are carried upon the outer extremities of each of the arms of the respective crossheads and right and left-hand threaded bolts 165 pass through the bodies of these lnuts in the manner shown in Fig. 8. A single boltA has therein been shown, since tension of the heads in the manner described. When the nuts 164 are screwed inwardlyY upon this bolt, the heads 'are correspondingly forced apart by reason of thc toggle'saction of the links and cross-heads. In this form of constructionv an intermediate gear in -the train may be omitted; thc gears 165, 166,

which drive the heads, being .driven directly by the gears 167; the latter being driven by f.. the pinions 168 which are always in engagek.ment Awith the central or relatively stationary gear 169.' The dotted lines in Fig. 8 indicate the position-of the heads when outwardly extended and show the relative sizes of tunnels which would be cut by the heads when inwardly or outwardly positioned. By using this type of head it is 'possible to first drive a small tunnel ofthe diameter indictated by the solid line 170 and thereafter extended position to enlarge the diameter thereof to that indicated by the dotted lines I yuckjghield. 10 5 Fig. 9 illustrates a device, which may be advantageously used in connection with the planetary driven' heads, which censite-vhf' a Shield 180 which iS- preferably (liSpO'kglSu 113.

that its front face is substantially\ilush withl the front face of the tool-carrying heads 181 and 182, and these heads. hence vextend through apertures 183, 184,.'in thev shield.

Theshield is carried 'byrsuitable arms' 185 115.

which extend laterally out'from the equalizer block 186.4 This shield is provided for the p'ur ose of retaining fragments .of rock and so t'muck which will'be looscned'by the tools in front of the heads; the accumulated' debris being thereafter collected from below the shield in any suitable manner.

' Such ashield is of utility where a tunnel is being .driven through relatively soft material and particularly adapts the tunneling apparatus for caisson wor Rsum.

.In general it may be stated that the planetary rive may be of any suitabledescrip` 1z0 the otherof said parts.

tion, and in the accompanying claims this term will be understood to include not alone head aud rotating the cutting or tunneling heads, and by elevating or lowering the forv ward end of the machine; and it is obvious, further, that additional auxiliary heads may be provided, if'desired.

1n machines constructed in accordance with the principles of my invention the' cutting speed of the tools may be made practically the same at the periphery of the tunnel as at the center, since the cutting heads should preferably revolve at a higher rate of speed .than the main head. This does away with the problem of'dead centers and overcomes `the necessity ior too rapid travel of the cutting tools at the, periphery of the cut. J 11' V The provision of the universal joint in connection with the forward traveling support, permits the direction ofthe tunnel to be changed while the machine is being operated; and the fluid pressure jacks may be used to change the direction of the machine, whether the same be operating vertically, horizontally or obliquely.

Having described my invention, I cla-im:v

1. In a tunneling and excavating machine, a rotatable support, a rotatable tunneling head, and means for rotatin one of said parts at a variable speed wit reference to 2. In a tunneling and excavating machine, a rotatable support, a rotatable tunneling head, and automatic means for rotating one of said parts at a variable speed with reference to the other of said parts.

3. In a-tunneling and excavating machine, a revoluble support, a revoluble tool-carrying head carried by said support, the respective axes of the support and head being out of alinement, means for rotatmg said su ort `and drivin means for revolvin said head about its pivotal axisdriven by said rotating means.

4. In a tunneling and excavating machine, a revoluble support, a. revoluble tunneling head carried thereby, means for driving one of said part-s at a fixed speed and means for driving the other ofsaidparts at a variable speed with reference to the other of sairl parts. i

5. In avtunneling and excavating machine, a rotatable support, a rotatable tunneling for advancing saic ing said head, two m unbers for slidablv supf porting said supporng means one of said.

members having a iniversal joint connection with said suppe rting means, means for holding one member stationary with respect to the Walls of the ex cavation, and means-for varying the distance betweensaid members, said supporting means beingconstrained to move with said movable member, and means for laterally displac: ng one of said members to effectl a change in the angular disposition of the head.

8. In a tunnelin g .and excavating machine, a tunneling head, a supporting member, means for holding said member stationary with respect to the walls of the excavation, a second member, means for shift-4 ing the position of said second member with respect t'othe first member, adriving shaft bers aforesaid and constrained to' move with said movable member, one of said members y having a universal joint connection with said driving shaft, 2nd means for displacing one of said ,members to effect a'ehange in the angular disposition of the head with respect to the other of said members.

9. In a tunnelir g and excavating ma chine, a tool-carryi1g head, driving mechanism for said head, means for advancing said'head toward zhe material into which the tools are being driven, said means comprising a plurality if supporting structures, means for displacing one of said structures wit respect to another, jacks carried by said structures each comprising a screw-open ated, guide-carrying member and a iiuid pressure operated p art, the iiuid pressure operated parts carried by'one structure lock ing said structure a gainst movement, and the screw operated members directing the advance of said structures where not locked.

10. In a 'tunnelf ng and excavating machine, aplurality of tool-carrying heads, ro-

carried by the resjiective heads, and means heads toward the material to be cut by tb a tools.

.11.A a. 'tunneling and 'excavatin machine, a plurality of'tool-carrying hea. s, ro-

' tatable abouta common axis, spindles upon which s al'd' 'heads'are mounted :posed along 'said axis, an cqualizing device -pivtall connected to said spindle and said-j a part dlschine, a' liollows in part an adapted'to equalize the pressure 'eierted by the tools carried by ythe respectlife 1 heads, and means for a'dvancn said heads toward-the material to becut y the tools. 12. In a tunneling'x and excavating male, a rotatable tunnelj-ing headfcarried y said spindle, said head having means for mounting Huid-pressure- Y plying fluid under a rotatab e member, the axis of rotation'o which is coincident with that of 'the support, said member having an aperture thereinradiating outwardly from the "'cen'ter portion thereof vtoward said. hollow spindle, said aperture opening into said holow spindle, and condilits leading from said 1 spindlefto said'tools.

.13. In a tunneling and excavating ma- 'I chine, a tool-carrying tunneling head, mechanism for continuously driving said head, said mechanism comprising means for equal- -izing the strain upon the tools, and appli- 'ences for varying the direction of the cut while continuously operating the machine.

14. In a tunneling and excavating machine, a to'olfcarrying tunneling head, mechanism for continuously driving said head,

said mechanism comprising means for equalizm'g the strain upon the driving tools, ap-

'. pliances for varying the direction of the cut while continuously operating the machine,

and apparatus for removing the muck.

15. In a tunneling and excavating machine, a plurality of rotatable tool-carrying heads, each head carrying a plurality of tools and rotatable about its own axis and about anaxis common to all of theheads, and cooperating parts for holding one of said heads in an advancedposition and another of said heads in retracted position.

16. In' a tunneling and excavating machine, a revoluble support, a rotatable tunneling head eccentrically mounted thereon,

means lfor continuously rotating one of said parte and means for differentially driving the other of sa-id parts with respect tothe first mentioned part.

17.'In a tunneling and excavating lnachine, a revoluble support, a rotatable tunneling headY eccentrically mounted thereon,

planetary drive for operating one of lsaid parts and automatic means for changing thel speed of said drive with respect to that of said support.

.19. In a tunneling and excaijating machine, a revoluble support, a rotatable tunneling head eccentrically mounted thereon, a planetary drive for oerating one of said parts and means for c anging the speed of said drive with respect to that of the support while the machine is in operation.

20.111 a tunneling and lexcavating machine, a revoluble support, a rotatable tunneling head cccentricallymounted thereon, a planetary drive for o erating one of said parts, and meansfor c anging the speed of one of saidparts with respect to the other while the machine is in operation.

21.1In a tunneling and excavating machine, a tool carrying head, drivin mechanism for' said head, meansfor a vancing said head toward the material into which the tools are being driven,'said means comprising a plurality of supporting structures, means for displacing o-ne of said structureswith respect to another, jacks carried by each of saidstructures each comprising an adjustable guide-carrying member anda fluid pressure actuated locking part adapted to eli-- gage the wall of the tunnel, the locking parts carried by one structure locking said structure against movementA` and the guide-carrying members directing the advancev of said structures when not locked.

In witness whereof, I subscribe Jmy signature, in the presence oftwo witnesses.

y OLIVER l). APP. Witnesses: WALDO M. CHAPIN, WILLIAM C. Laar.

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