US1217351A - Breaker and drier. - Google Patents

Description

WIT ESSES:

H. G. SCHWARZ. BBEAKER ANDVDRIER. APPLICATION FILED MAY l2, E915'.

.Patented Feb. 27, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

IN V EN TOR. Je warz H. G. SCHWARZ.

BREAKEH AND DRIER.

APPLICATION FILED 11m12.191s.

Patented Feb. 27, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

gwlTNEssEsf IN V EN TOR. Henry G Schwarz HENRY G. SCHWARZ, 0F DENVER, COLORADO.

BREAKER ANI) Dama.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 27, 1917.

Application :ned may 12, 1915. serial No. 27,549.

To all 'whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, HENRY G. SCHWARZ, a citizenr of the United States, residing at Denver, in thercounty of Denver and State of Colorado, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Breakers and Driers, of Whi h the f llowing is a specification.

This invention' relates to machines for use in breaking,..pulverizing and drying subprimary object resides in providing a machine of simple construction which by rotation, gradually reduces material fed thereinto, to a desired fineness.

Another4 object of my invention resides 4in providing in a machine of the character adapted for the described, means which in coperation with the breaking elements, cause liquid contained in the material under treatment to be removed by evaporation, and still another object of the invention resides in combining with themeans mentioned hereinbefore, a device or 'devices for pulverizing the material before it is discharged from the ma; chine.

By virtue of its above enumerated properties, my improved machine is particularly treatment of substances of a tenacious and plastic character such as clay, `kaolin, filter press cakes formed in processes for theproducti'on of sugar, and other similar-materials and it may also be effectively employed to remove the liquid constituents of semi-liquid substances while the solid parts of the same are broken into granular or'pulverous particles of a substantially uniform size. V

With the above and other objectsin View, all of which Will be fully set forth in the following description, my improved breaker consists in its preferred form of the mechanical devices shown in the accompanying drawings in the various views of which like `parts are similarly designated, and in which Figure 1 isa side elevation ofthe machine,

Figs.v 2 and 3,'conjointly, a longitudinal section through the rotary cylinder in which the material is subjected to the consecutive actions which effect the gradual reduction of liquid constituents.

Fig. 4, a fragmentary line 4 4, Fig. 2.

section along the draftfinducing means may of its` Fig. 5, a transverse section along the line 5 5, F1g..2, l

Fig. G, a similar section taken along the llne G6, Fig. 9.,

Fig. `7, a cross section along the line 7-7,

Fig. 2,

Fig. 8, a section. taken on the plane represented by the line 8*-8, Fig. 2,

F1g. 9, a fragmentary section along the line 9-9, Fig. 2, drawn to :fn enlarged scale,

Fig. 10, a transverse section along the line 10e-10 Fig. 3,

Fig. 11, a transverse section taken along the line 11--l1, Fig. 3, and

Fig. 12, a similar section line l2--12, Fig. 3. Referring more specifically to the dran@ ings, my improved breaker and drier consists of a cylindrical drum Q which through the intermediary of peripheral tread rings 3 is4rotatably supported upon sets of rollers The drum is connected at its feed end with a furnace 5 of suitable construction' und at its opposite or discharge end wvith a suitable device for drawing the heated gases from the furnace through the cylinder for the purpose of exsiccating the material under treatment.

In the construction shown in the dran'- ings, a fan 6 is employed to draw the gases from the furnace, although a. stack or other taken along the equally effective results..

The drum is inclined toward its discharge end, whereby material fed into its opposite end through a conduit 7, is compelled to .slowly advance through the cylinder while being subjected to consecutive actions of a series of elements which cooperatively effeet a' gradual reduction of the solids in the material, to the desired size, and the evaporation of liquids with which said solids were associated.

The rotatably supported drum is driven through the instrumentality of a pinion 8 which meshes with a gear fixed upon the circumferential surface ofthe cylinder as at 9.

The cylinder is interiorly divided into sections Which are differentiated by the charac ter of the different elements which by their l actions upon material fed into the cylinder through the conduit 7,

gradually reduces its be used with fullyv exp osmg it solids to the required size while exposing its liquid constituents to the evaporative influence of the heated gases which are drawn from the furnace through the cylinder by means of the exhaust fan 6.

The 4arrangement of the coperative elements assembled in the drum, is varied in accordance with the character of the material to be treated, as will hereinafter be more fully explained, that shown in the drawings being particularly designed for the treatment of the mixture of filter-press cakes and waste water obtained in the molasses' desugarizing .process of sugar factory. Commencing at is divided intolst-an exsiccation section A in which the greaterportion of the liquid contents of the material isevaporated by retarding its progress through the inclined drum and thereby to the influence of the hot gases which are constantly drawn from the furnace by the action of the fan.

2nda reduction section B in which the material is subjected to a series of consecutive breaking actions `which gradually reduce the size of its particles while exposing them -to the influence ofthe gases for the evaporation of the liberated moisture.

3rd--a drying section C inv which the greater part of the moisture still remaining in the reduced material is removed.

.a beet 4tha final reduction section D in which.

thefmaterial is broken to a ineness suitable fon' pulverization. j 5th-a pulverizing mill E in which the material is ground to a powder, and

6th-a final drying section F in which the' greater part of the moisture contained in the pulverous matter is4 removed.

In treating in a machine of the construction above-outlined, thef-residuant matter of the desugarizing process hereinbefore referred to, which includes from 45 to 60% liquid, a pulverous product is obtained containing less than 10% moisture.

The first mentioned section A, at the feed end of the'drum contains a seriesof successively disposed elements 14 which operate to retard the movementof the material and thereby thoroughly expose its parts to the evaporative influence before it enters the next section B.

The elements 14 of .the exsiccation -section are with the above objects in view, each composed of a series of flights 10 which project radially inwardly from the interior surface of the cylinder.

At the points at which the fiights of each series are attached to the cylinder, a circular rife 12 composed of an inwardly projecting ring is disposed to retard the inward flow of the liquid or semi-liquid material, and secured 'to this ring between the flights its feed end the-cylinder of the 'heated gasesl of each series are buckets 13 which serve to carry the material upwardlyduring rotation of the cylinder.

The flights of the first element are as illustrated in Fig. 4, secured at their inner ends to a concentric ring 15 to withstand the im-' act of the material as 1t is fed into the cylinder through the conduit 7, while the corresponding flights of the other elements are loose as shown in Fig. 5. Four of the flights of each element 14 which are positioned at quadrant points o the cylindenand designated by the numeral 16 in Figs. 5 and 6, are extended to a point ofV intersection in the axis of the same at which point they are secured together by rivets or other suitable means. The fiights of the variousv elements are with the exception of those of the first ele.- ment, slanted laterally with relation to the axis of the cylinder to, still further retard the inward movement ofthe material, and

.commencing with the second element the posed to the influence of the gases which are drawn through the cylinder by the action of the fan, and the 'material thus advance's from one element to the other in each ofy which the above treatment is repeated,

until it enters the reduction section B in a i comparatively dry condition.

The second section of the cylinder con-- tains a seriesof successively arranged elements which act upon the material to gradually reduce the size of its particles and which at the same time retard its progress sufficiently to cause the moisture liberated during the breaking actions to be evaporated by contact with the heated gases.

The first element 17 of the series contained in the reduction section, consists of a plate'18 extending diametrically across `the cylinder and provided at each side with a retaining rim 419 and a number of angular cutters 20. The material entering the section is lifted by the plate 18l until in the rotation of the drum the plate approaches the vertical, when the material by its own gravity slides downwardly and by Contact with the cutters 20 is broken into smaller particles.

While sliding along the plate the material is again exposed tothe influence of the heated gases for the. evaporation of its liquid constituents part of which are liberated by breaking the material into smaller parts llO lbO

.f The particles passing between the cutters on the plate 18 advance onto the next element which comprises a series of inclined riiiles 21 slantingly secured upon the interior surface of the drum. These riles lift the material by rotation ofthe drum and cause it to fall through the current of heated gases passing constantly through the cylinder, thereby continuing the breaking and evaporating processes.

The slanting position of the rillesimpels the material toward the next element 22 of the series which consists of an annular inwardly projecting ring 23 provided with a series of equidistant slots 24, as best shown in Fig. 7, and at the ed es of said slots with slantingly disposed ba eand cutter-blades 25 shown in detail in Fig. 9.

The ring 23 has at `its inner edge, cylindrical and flaring flanges 26 and 27 which extend in a direction opposite to that in which the material travels through the drum vand which serve in the operation as an auxiliary breaking medium and as adeflective agent for compelling the material to pass through the openings 24.

' openings of the ring 23 the materialis by y the next element of the series, and the lumps l, 40

contact ywith the cutter blades 25 broken into still smaller particles which by the next element of the section which comprises a number of spiral shovels 28, are lifted to the upper portion of the drum and at the same time advanced toward the last element 29 of the section.

After being lifted by the spiral blades the material falls again through the current of the heated gases before it engages contained in the material are thereby still further broken while all the moisture lliberated in the breaking process is evaporated.

The last element 29 of the series contained in section B of the machine, consists of a funnel-shaped conduit composed of convergently disposed, equidistantly spaced bars 30 which are separated from the surface of the drum.

The bars have at'their inner edges a number of inwardly pointing teeth and they are connected at their forward ends by a flange 31 provided with slots 32 formedA between divisional parts 33 which likewise are provided with inwardly pointing teeth.

The material as it passes and repasses through the spaces between the bars and the slots in the flange and is brought in contact with the teeth, is broken into small particles of substantially uniform 'size which upon entering the next section C of the machine are'subjected to a drying action for the purpose of further removing their'liq mum-mesh of which is determined b tions of the intimate contact with the heated gases which` i are drawn through the lues bythe operation of the fan, with the result that when the granular mass is discharged from the 'lues into the final breaking section D, it is in a comparatively dry condition.

Section D contains a single breaking ele- 4ment 36 which consists of an. open-ended conduit 37 which is spaced from the wall of thecylinder and which at its outer end has an inwardly extending circular flange 38.V

The conduit and its flange are both provided With a multitude of inwardly pointing prongs which are formed by punchin the metal of which the parts are compose and bending the punched-out portions inwardly.

By this method the conduit and its iiange are at the same time provided adjacent its prongs with foraminations 39 through which the material passes into the space between the conduit and the surface of the cylinder and into the grinding section E.

The material passing through the element 36 is by contact with the prongs reduced to grains of practically uniform size the maxithe size of foraminations, and in this con ition the material enters the grinding section in which it is reduced to a powder.

The grinding section E and the following section F of the drum aremade of larger diameter than the preceding part of the same, partially for the purpose of providing a runway for the balls or pebbles of the mill, but more especially with the object of reducing the velocity of the gases at the discharge end of the machine and of" thereby preventing the loss of dust which otherwise would be carried away by suction.

The pulverizing section E of the machine contains an annular runway 40 determined at one end bythe oiset formed by the' enlargement of the drum at the end of the preceding section and at its opposite end by a perforated annular plate 41.

The runway is provided with a mass of pebbles' or balls 42 like those used in the ordinary tube mill, to reduce the material to a.. powder which passes through the perforaplate 4l into the last section F of the machine which merely contains two plates 43 placed diametrically withv relation to the drum at right angles to each other, as shown in Fig. 12.

The pulverous matter sliding along the plates is once more exposed to the influence of the gases for the purpose of subjecting thematerial to a final drying action.

Having thus described the construction and operation of the machine as it is shown inthe drawings, I desire to call attention to respective constructions lto adapt the machine for reducing materials of different degrees of tenacity, hardnessand compactness, the sections fory drying the material by evaporation of its liquid constituents may be reduced in number, modified in construction, or in case the machine is designed for the treatment of dry materials, entirely eliminated.

InA the last mentioned instance, both the furnace and the fan may be dispensed with and the machine is operated solely for the automatic granulation or v pulverization of materials of the class for the treatment of which the,` machine is particularly adapted.

It will furthermore be understood that in case it is desired to obtain a granular prod-- uct, the pulverizing section is omitted, or that in case a product of more than ordinary fineness is required, two or more pulverizing mills may be arrangedat the discharge end of the machine in successive order.

Having thus described my invention what 1' claim and desire to secure by Letters- Patent is:

1. In apparatus of the character described, a rotary drum, means for subjecting -material passing therethrough to the eXsiccative influence of heat, and means for feeding material into an Vend of said drum, the said drum having i-nteriorly, elements which during rotation of the drum, disintegrate material passing through the same, and elements which expose the material .to the influence of thc heat, the said elements being successively arranged to include commencing at the feed end ofthe drum, an exsi'ccation element, a series of breaking elements Which progressively disintegrate the material, a second exsiccation element, a final breaking element, a pulverizing element, and a final eXsicca-tion element.

Q. In apparatus of the character described,

a rotary drum, means for subjecting material passing therethrough tothe exsiccative influence of. heat, and means for feeding material into an end of said drum, the

said drum'having interiorly, elements which during rotation of the drum, disintegrate material passingthrough the same, and elements which expose the material to the infiuence of the heat, the said elements being successively arranged to lnclude commencing at the feed end of the dr/um, an exsiccation element, a breaking element, a second -exsiccation element, a lfinal breaking element, a pulverizing elementl and a final eX- -siccation element.

3. In -apparatus ofthe character described, a rotary drum, means for subjecting material passing therethrough to the exsiccative influence of heat, and means for feeding material into an end of said drum, the said drum having interiorly, elements which during rotation of the drum, disintegrate material passing through the same, and elements which expose the material lto the influence of the heat, the said elements being successively arranged to include commencing at the feed end of the drum, an eXsiccation element, a breaking element, a second exsiccation element anda final breaking element.

4. In apparatus of the character described, a rotary drum, means for subjecting material passing therethrough to the eXsiccative influence of heat, and means for feeding material into an end of-said drum, the said drum having interiorly, elements which during rotation of the drum, disintegrate material passing through the same, and elements which expose the material to the influence of the heat, the said elements being successively arranged to include commencing at the feed end of the drum, a breaking element, an eXsiccation element and a lfinal breaking element. A

5. In apparatus of the character described, a rotary drum, means for subjectingv material passing therethrough to the exsiccative influence of heat, and means for feeding material into an end of said drum, the

said drum having interiorly, elements which during rotation of the drum, disintegrate material .passing through the same, and ele-i ments which expose the material to the influence of the heat, the said elements being successively arranged to include commencing at the feed end of the drum, an exsiccation element, a breaking element, a second exsiccation element, a final breaking velement and a pulverizing element.

6. In apparatus of the character described, a rotary drum, means for subjecting material passing therethrough to the eXsiccative influence of heat, and means for feeding material into an end of said drum, the said drum having interiorly, elements Which during rotation of the drum disintegrate material passing through the same, and elements Which expose the material to the iniiuence of the heat, the said elements being successively arranged to include commencing at the-feed end of the drum, a breaking element, an exsiccation element, a final breaking element, and a pulverizing element.

7. In apparatus of the character described, a rotary drum, means for subjecting material passing therethrough to the exsiccative iniiucnce of heat, and means for feeding material into an end of said drum, the said drum having interiorly elements which during rotation of the drum, disintegrate material passing through the same, and elements which expose the material. to the influence of the heat, the said elements being successively arranged to include co1nmencing at the feed end ofthe drum, an exsiccation element, a series of breaking elements which progressionally disintegrate the material., asecond eXsiccation element, and a final breaking element. 4

S. In apparatus of the character described, a rotary drum, means for subjecting material passing therethrough to the eXsiccative influence of heat, and means for feeding material into an end of said drum, the said drum having interiorly, elements which during rotation of the drum, disintegrate material passing through the same, and elements which expose the material to the influence of the heat, the said elements being successively arranged to include commencing at the feed end of the drum, an eXsiccation element, a series of breaking elements which progressionally disintegrate the material, a second exsiccation element, a final breaking element, and a pulverizing element.

9. In apparatus of the character described, a rotary drum, means for subjecting material passing therethrough to the exsiccative' influence of heat, and means for feeding material into an end of said drum, the said drum having interiorly, elements-'which dur- `ing rotation of the drum, disintegratema'- terial passing through the same, and -elements which expose the material to the inluence ofthe heat, the said elements being successively arranged to include commencing at the` feed end of the drum, a series of breaking elements which progressively disintegrate the material, anV exsiccation element, and a final breaking element.

10. In apparatus of the character described, a rotary drum, means for subjecting material passing therethrough tothe exsiccative iniuence of heat, and means forfeeding material into an end of said drum, the said drum having interiorly, elements which during rotation of the drum, disintegrate material passing through the same, and elements which expose the material to the influence of the heat, the said elements being successively arranged to include commencing at the feed end of the drum, a series of breaking elements which progressively disintegrate the material, an exsiccation element, a final breaking element, and a pulverizing element. i

11. In apparatus of the character described, a rotary drum having interiorly, elements for breaking by rotation of the drum, material passing through the same into small particles, including a plate extending transversely of the drum for effecting a downward movement of the material by gravitation, and having cutters disposed in the path of the downwardly moving mattei'.

12. In apparatus of the character described, a rotary drum having interiorly, an inwardly extending ring provided with openings for the passagevof material passing lengthwise through the drum, and in advance of said openings, cutting-members which disintegrate the material.

13. In apparatus of the character described, a rotary drum havin interiorly, an -openended conduit spaced rom the interior surface of the drum and havinglin its circumferential surface, openings for the discharge of material into the said space, and inwardly projecting teeth which disintegrate the material` passing through the conduit.

14. In apparatus of the character described, a rotary drum having interiorly, an open-ended conduit spaced from the interior surface of the drum and having an inwardly extending flange at one of its ends, the said conduit and the said flange having openings for the discharge of materialinto the said space, and inwardly projecting teeth which disintegrate the material passing lengthwise through the drum.

15. In apparatus of `the character described, a rotary conduit, and means for` subjecting the contents thereof to 'the exsiccative influence of heat, the said conduit having interiorly, elements adapted 'for action by its rotation, to break material passing through the conduit into smaller particles, and an element adapted to expose the material to the influence of the heat, comprising a retaining rifiie extendin inwardly from the interior surface of the (Imm, a series of iights extending radially inwardly from the saidriiile, and buckets adjacent said riiie for lifting the material from they bottom portion of the drum and discharg ing it onto the said flights.,

16. In apparatus of the character described, a rotary drum, a circular retaining rilile projecting inwardly from the interior surface thereof, and plates extending from the saidl surface adjacent the riflle, radially inwardly and having surfaces disposed to guide material lifted by rotation of the drum, transversely of the drumtoward the axis of the same.

17. In apparatus of the character described, a rotary drum, circular retaining riiiies projecting inwardly from the inte-` rior surface thereof, buckets between said riiiles for lifting material by rotation of the drum, and plates extending radially inwardly from the said surface, and having surfaces disposed to guide material discharged from said buckets, toward the axis of the drum. y

18. In apparatus of the character described, an axially inclined rotary drum, circular retaining riies extendin inwardly from the interior surface thereo 2 laterally slantng buckets between the riies, and plates extending longitudinally from the interior surface of the drum, radially inwardly for guiding material lifted by rotation of7 the drum, toward the axis of the same, and slanting laterally with relation to `said axis.

19. In apparatus of Ithe character described, a, rotary conduit and a reticularly arranged se a series of longitudinal flues Yfor the purpose specified.

20. In apparatus of the character described, a rotary drum, and a, pair of plates extending longitudinally of the drum 1n engagement with its interior circumferential surface and across each other axially of the drum, to' guide material lifted by rotation of,the drum toward their point of intersection.

In testimony whereof-I have aiiixed my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

HENRY G. SCHWARZ.

Witnesses:

G. J. 'B01LANDET, 1+. `RFKwere,,A

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