US1216186A - Road or roadway. - Google Patents

Description

UNITED STA ES PATENT 'oFFIo A CORPORATION 01" NEW JERSEY. f

N0 Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT FULTON TOMPKINS, a citizen of the United'States,

residing at New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, have in-,

vented certain new and useful Improvements in Roads or Roadways, of which the following'is aspecification. r -,j V This invention relates to roads or roadays and process by which the same is constructed, and has for an object the production of a road or roadway of such a character that its ready disintegration by tires or vehicles or other attrltlo'n or vibratory means is largely avoided or prevented, and whereby dust which accompanies the circulation of air induced by moving vehicles, such as occur in dry roads of ordinary construction, is avoided, and comprises a road or roadway containing, forming an integral part thereof, or in co-acting communication or relation thereto, a substance of binding or cementing nature containing glucosids and preferably such glucosids as tannin, either per 86 or associated with other tannine, or the same with water directly or indirectly. By employment of thiscomposi elastic character and of automatic moistening form. f o 7 As an example of a road constructed in accordance with the present invention, a road or roadway of the macadam or similar type associated with ingredients or constituents in accordance with the present invention, will be taken as an illustration.

The macadam type of road or roadway forms a vehicle carrier ormatrix for the glucosid binder and is'provided'with a top dressing of similar binder associated withthe usual finer grades of mineral filler.

The ingredients of the top dressing are caused to cohere and adhere by means of i the hygroscopic binder containing a gluco- ROAD on noADwaY.

sid, a: glucosid and a tannin or a glucosid, a tannin and a soluble silicate, such" as sodinmrsilicate, either per 86' or associated with watcrjthereby forming a superior cementing agent 'of ncnwolatile nature having suflicient natural hygroscopicor jmoistening properties to preventdrying out without being su'liicie'ntly hygroscopic to produce deliquescence,thereby acting as an aggr-egant oragglutinant to cause the solid -'part1cles of' the roadway or roadbed to co; here or'gadhere in a flexible resilient and um in'tanning operations and known as spent tan liquors which are now universally thrown away, which tan liquors may be concentrated as a preventive of their decomposition and to facilitate shipment and afterward diluted with water, in proportion of one of the concentrated liquor of a density approximating 48 degrees Twaddell to three of water by volume. 'This road con structicn material is mixed with the glucosid and tannin containing liquor thus produced to which has been preferably added five per cent. of sodium silicate sufficiently diluted with water and then the whole mixedavith suitable cementitious or other uniting or'binding substances, such for instance as a' cement, forming concrete, and the composition spread, rolled, tamped, or otherwise placed in-proper position or loca: tion whereby it will become set or fixed in composite form as a road body.

ROBERT FULTON 'roivirxms, or new YORK, N. Y.,"AssIGN0n 'ro Jinn BINDER COMPANY,

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Feb 13 1917. Application filed August 11, 191a. Seria1N0.:784,122.'

When the road bed has been properly provided as aforesaid, it is spread with a' tannin such as the 'rena tured tan liquorcon tainlngsoluble silicate such as sodium siliforming a compact dressing of more or less cate or such tan liquor per 86. This dress- 7 ing is then rolled in and upon the roadway V water repellent nature, but of sufficiently hygroscopic character as to retain and absorb moisture and prevent drying out and dusting of the composition.

Instead. of a cement concrete base, containing the binder as aforesaid, having a direct top dressing of the character cescribed, the materials of the roadbed may be primarily dressed with an asphalt composition upon which a top dressing or finish is placed in communication with the asphalt layer, comprising sutiiciently granulated or comminuted ti'frictional substances such as sand, associated with the glucosid, and tannin compositions in such a manner that the frictional substances are anchored to. ccmented by, or united with the surface of the asphalt coating.

Some of the advantages of aroad of this character over roads constructed hitherto resides in the fact that the comminuted particles of the road produced by wear and tear during use by the tires of vehicles and the like are held together by the hygroscopic organic binder and prevented largely from dusting by circulation in currents of air actuated by the movement of vehicles, the moisture retained or occluded by the hygroscopic binder being displaced under pressure of the vehicle weight upon it captures and secures any associated fine material in juxtas position thereto and agglutinately holds the same to the contacting material containing the binder while under pressure and thereafter when the elastic coherer of hygroscopic nature resumes its original volume by expansion.

The action of heat on a roadbed or road of the character of the present invention does not have the effect of destroying the cohering and adhering effect of the particles by action of the nonvolat1le hygroscopic binder, as is the case where oils are employed which are of more or less dry, fugitive volatilizable chara cter Where oil alone is used to cause the coherence or adherence of particles in a road or road dressing. it is not only lost by evaporation and drying out, but it likewise reduces the gravity of the fine contacting particles of the road dressing so that water, from rain or other source, causes it to float and be carried off; oil also produces an injurious and disintegrating effect upon vehicle tires and greases and destroys the appearance of varnish and other finish upon the vehicles, exerts a deleterious action on metal, wood and leather, as well as creating a greasy dusty atmosphere injurious to the eyes and clothes and which also settles in houses, upon furniture and other contents in the vicinity and contaminates water upon which it falls and also forms a sticky contamination on clothes which is hard to remove, all of which disadvantages are obviated by the employment of glucosids, glucosids and tannin, or glucosids, tannin and a soluble silicate, such as sodium silicate, or such compositions as appear or are produced in or from spent tan liquors. The employment of spent tan liquors or glucosid compositions as aforenoted, forms a binder or an agglutinizing agent of hygroscopic nondeliquescent nature which forms with the mineral road dressing a substance of greater gravity or increasing gravity with relation to water So that it is not so readily washed away, and at the same time maintains the road dressing in a naturally and progres sively moist condition by taking up the same from moist atmosphere automatically to com pensate for the moisture dislodged or dissi pated by evaporation through the action of heat.

Asphalt roads or roadways dressed with frictionable substances such. as sand, bonded or united with organic hygroscopic and non deliquescing binders of the tannin and glucosid type. holds down the dressing against the flow of water over its impermeable surface and the dressing thus retained or anchored to the asphalt will largely enhance the friction of the road surface under pressure or attrition and retard the slipping of horses shoes and the skidding of vehicle wheels, which slipping and skidding presents one of the greatest diiiiculties and objections to the employment of asphalt as a top dressing per se, and it also provides a means for anchoring sheeted particles of ice, which may form on the roadbed, to the sur face of the asphalt, thereby increasing the utility of asphalt roads and preventing this other serious objection to their employment. This composite coating or dressing of mineral substances together with tannin binders forms a gravity blanket comprising cohering and adhering particles when employed in conjunction with the roadbed of existing roads, railroads, or other viaducts for vehicles or other purposes, whereby the ag glonieratcd or aggregated material is collectively retained against currents of air and the roadbed protected against water and currents thereof removing the surface. This material spread upon such roads as asphalt roads not only provides a superior surface of frictionable nature, but also protects the asphalt surface against wear and loss of volatile ingredients, which is often occasioned by the action of the heat of the sun. thus prolonging the life and utility of such asphalt containing road.

The terms aggregate and agglutinate employed in this specification are intended to imply and do imply a substance capable of causin solid particles to adhere or cohere and the character of the particles so associated or attached whereby substances of less gravity or less weight are anchored to subof glucosid and tannins in proportion approximating one andahalf of the former to oneof the latter, in water and it is found preferable to concentrate this liquor by evaporation or dehydration to a density ap proximating 48 degrees Twaddell for commercial utility, both for economy andshipment and in handling which 48 degrees Twaddell liquor is diluted with water in the locality of theplace where it is to be employed.

To this aqueous solution of glucosid or tannin is preferably added a-soluble silicate such as sodium silicate. in proportion of 5% by weight of the combined glucosid and tannin content as a binder to be employed as a street or road dressing.

\Vhen thebinder is employed as a road dressing or hinder, the tanninror tannic acid combines with the iron, alumina, lime or v other constltuents of the road construction material'combinable with tannic acid if it contains any producing water insoluble compounds which present to the glucoslds and other ingredients of the binder a superiorv adhesive surface so that the glucosids and excess tannin act as an agglutinizing agent for anchoring or securing part1cles of dust or; other material together in a fixed and flexible or elastic manner while the inherent hygroscopic properties of the glucosids provide a ready and automatic moistening c0nstituent and effect without deliquescence so that theparticles adhere together without. becoming attached to foreign materials .which may contact them such as vehicle tires, etc. I r V The. glucosids employed may be of any selective character, they being compounds which combine the properties of glucose and vegetable extractives, or what may be termed glucose esters, in such a manner that each has lost its specific physical identity as such and is less soluble than either individually in water as a rule, and is hygroscopic without deliquescence and'does not eflloresce or dry up spontaneously. The peculiarly adaptable properties or qualities of these glucosids probably is attributable to a progressive and alternate hydrolysis into vegetable extractives or organic or carbon containing acids or glucose and its reformation tannins together with water,

usually found associated with or form a part of road construction. a

The composite composition of these 1ngredients associated with water therefore produces a peculiarly"advantageous 1nate- I'lfil of selectiveutillty as a cement or blnder of flexible resilient, and elastic nature in character. j

Any glucosid associated with tannin may be employed and mixed in any selective or desired proportion without departing from the spiritof the invention, so long as both are present in some form or the glucosid in itself present and exhibits the combined properties hereinbefore set forth.

. The soluble silicate, such as-sodium silicate, may be employed as a binder augment-- ing agent or additive constituent of the composition. to modify the properties thereof with reference to its silicious cementing character and also for the purpose of resinifying some 'of the tannins and converting theminto more'water repellent substances.

The composition of tannin and glucosids maybe produced by mixing theindividual ingredients with water or secured from such substances as spent tanliquors, or from other sources, or extractedfrom natural de:

pared.

Some of the tannins and tannic acids are at once so calledtanninsand glucosids, they being converted by. hydrolysis into glucose and gallic, ellagic, protocatechuic and other acids or organic extractives;

The composition comprising 7 such as may be obtained from or as spent tan bark liquors, orfiui'd tan waste products such as are ordinarily thrown away, either as such or products which may be obtained by boiling down or concentrating the same, or such concentrated product rediluted, is particularly adaptable to road treatment, acting as it does to fix the dust and cement the road base thus maintaining a form of fixed binder which is continually working its way into and between the particles or pieces of the road construction when subjected at intervals to progressive watering either by artificial sprinkling or from the natural source of rain, etc, and exhibits the further enhancing quality of presenting a latent form of, moisture by reason of its hydroscopie properties thus preventing the disintegration and drying out or crumbling of the road dressing or base body, and also pro vides a. superior dressing or binding agent for construction materials of roads or other solid vehicle or transportation bearing body or path. y.

Instead of mixing the glucosid, glucosid and tann1n or glucosid, tannin and soluble silicate such as sodium silicate directly with the constituents of road construction during glucosids and the road building, it may be applied to a road or roadway after the same is constructed by sprinkling a suliiciently fluid solution upon the road and allowing it to soak in and preferably rolling the same thereafter to form a compact top dressing, in which case when concentrated spent tan liquor having a gravity approximating 48 degrees Twaddellv is mixed with water in proportion of three of water to one of concentrated liquor, and to which is added a soluble silicate such as sodium silicate in proportion of 5% by weight of the solid constituents of the diluted liquor, and this mixture sprinkled upon or otherwise applied to the road surface, after which a second sprinkling or wetting is applied comprising a slightly more dense liquor consisting of one part of concentrated liquor to two of water to which is added sodium silicate in the same perccntage of the solid constituents of the diluted liquor, viz: 5%, the interval of time between the two applications of the liquor being sullicient to allow the first coat to be absorbed and combined and for the process of rolling and setting to be accomplished. The glucosid substances in the composition being naturally hygroscopic, are always reaching out or absorbing moisture and maintaining the ingredients in a moist condition.

The term solid as employed herein with reference to the character of spent tan bark liquor constituents is intended to imply and does imply such ingredient or constituent contained therein which is substantially solid or semi-solid when concentrated or the water dried out by evaporation, absorption or combination with the associated road constituents or the water otherwise removed.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is;

l. A road or roadway comprising a base or body and a cohering or binding composition comprising a hygroscopic glucosid.

A road or roadway comprising a base or body and a cohering or binding composition comprising a glucosid and a tannin.

3. A road or roadway comprising a base or body and a cohering or binding composition comprising an aromatic glucosid and a tannin.

4. A road or roadway comprising a base or body and a cohering or binding composition comprising a hygroscopic glucosid, a tannin and a soluble silicate.

5. A road or roadway comprising a base or body and a cohering or binding composition comprising an aromatic glucosid, a tannin and a soluble silicate.

G. A road or roadway comprising a base or body and a cohering or binding composition comprising a hygroscopic glucosid, a tannin and sodium silicate.

7. A road or roadway comprising a base or body and a cohering or binding composition comprising an aromatic glucosid, a tannin and sodium silicate.

8. A road or roadway comprising a base or body and a cohering or binding composition comprising the constituents of dehydrated spent tan bark liquor.

9 A road or roadway comprising a base or body and a. cohering or binding composition comprising the constituents of dehydrated spent tan bark liquor and a soluble silicate.

10. A road or roadway comprising a base or body and a cohering or binding composition comprising the constituents of dehydrated spent tan bark liquor and sodium silicate.

1.1. A road or roadway comprising a base or body and a cohering or binding composition. containing a solid constituent of tan bark liquor.

12. A road or roadway comprising a base or body and a cohering or binding composition containing a solid constituent of tan bark liquor and a soluble silicate.

13. A road or roadway comprising a base or body and a cohering or binding composition containing a solid constituent of tan bark liquor and sodium silicate.

14k. A road dressing containing a solid constituent or" tan bark liquor.

15. A road dressing comprising a hygroscopic glucosid and sand.

16. A road dressing comprising a hygroscopic glucosid, soluble silicate and sand.

17. A road dressing comprising a hygroscopic glucosid, a tannin and sand.

18. A road dressing comprising an arcmatic glucosid, a tannin and sand.

19. A road dressing comprising a hygroscopic glucosid, a tannin, a soluble silicate and sand.

20. A road dressing comprising an aromatic glucosid, a tannin, a soluble silicate and sand.

21. A road dressing comprising a hygroscopic glucosid, a tannin, sodium silicate and sand.

22. A road dressing comprising an aromatic glucosid, tannin, sodium silicate and sand.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ROBERT rumor TOMIKINS.. 1. 8.]

Witnesses WM. J. JULIEN, JOHN HENRY HURLBUTT.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents Washington, D. C.