US121451A - Improvement in direct-acting steam-engines - Google Patents

Description

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UNITED 'raras IMPROVEMENT IN DIRECT-ACTING STEAM-ENGINES. l

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 121,451, dated December 5, 1871; antedated November 20, 1871.

.To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES I. DEANE, of Springfield, in the county of Hampden, in the State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Direct-Acting Steam-Engines 5 `and the following is a full and exact description of the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawing, in which- Figures l and 2 are views, partly in elevation and partly in sections, in two planes, showing` the valves and other parts, and their arrangement in the chest. Fig. 3 is a transverse section of Fig. l. Figs. 4L and 5 are sections of valve I in different forms. Fig. 6 is a plan of the seat of valve E. Figs. 7, 8, and 9 are plan views of valve E and its seat, showing the valve in different positions.

My improvements consist in a more convenient, economical, and practicable arrangement than has hitherto been attained, as I believe, of the valves and other parts of a direct-acting engine where the secondary valve is constructed to be moved and is moved continuously by the main piston during the whole stroke of the latter 5 and further consists in devices for securing regularity and certainty of action in engines or' that kind, so that they may be effectively and satisfactorily used, and thus a slow and easy movement of the secondary valve be secured, and the sharp concussion and unpleasant noise, as well as the sudden and jerky movement of the valve, incident to an intermittent or tappet connection with the piston, be mainly avoided.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my improvements, I Will now describe their construction and operation, referring to the drawing and letters of reference thereon.

Referring first to Fig. l, A is the main cylinder of the engine. B is the cylinder of the seconda-ry piston. Gis the secondary piston, which is connected with and moves the main valve D. Eis the secondary valve, arranged in chest F at the side of the cylinder B, and connected with the main piston through shaft e, crank-arm d, rod c, arm b, and piston-rod a. fis an arm attached to shaft c to move piston C when it fails to be moved promptly under the action of its valve E. G G a-re the ports of main cylinder A. H is the exhaust-port of same. the ports of cylinder B. of same.

g g are li is the exhaust-port 'i i are supplemental ports communicating With ports G G', and, by means of chambers in valve E, connecting also with ports g g, and thus communicating with cylinder B. j j are sliding poppet-valves, (heretofore patented by me,) by means of which piston C is cushioned. The arm b is attached to the piston-rod a., and connected by a joint with the rod c, which is connected by a joint withl the crank-arm d, which is fastened to the shaft e, to which the valve E is also firmly attached.

It will be seen that this connection from the main piston to the secondary valve E is such as to give the latter a continuous movement during the whole stroke of the piston, which movement, being derived directly from the reciprocating movement of the piston, without an intervenin g rotary motion, makes the use of a valve of the ordinary construction impracticable. I therefore construct and arrange a secondary valve and its ports, as shown in Fig. 4, where it will be seen plainly that the valve cannot operate for a reversion of its piston when itself is near the center, but only when near the end of its own movement, for during the greater part of its movement both of the ports g g a-re closed by the valve. This valve has a semi-cylindrical form adapted to a-rocking movement, and is attached to a shaft, c, Fig. l, which passes through an opening in piston C sufficient to allow a free movement ofthe latter, and has a bearing for its further end in or attached to the side of the cylinder B.

Supposing this valve I, then, to be in place of the valve E in Fig. 1, the operation will be plainly seen to be as follows: The main piston, moving to the left, has, by means of the connection a b c d e, just brought the secondary valve I into the position shown, where it will admit steam through port g to one end of cylinder B, and exhaust steam from the opposite end through port g connected bythe valve with eX- haust-port h, thus reversing the position of pis- -ton C carrying main valve D, and so reversing' the main piston, which will then move to the right until it brings valve Iinto position to admit steam through port g and exhaust through port g, when piston C will be moved back to the position shown.

It will, however, Abe seen, from the construction and relations of valve I, that as soon as it has effected a reversion of piston C, and so of its reversions.

the main piston, thev main piston will immediately move the valve I back so as to close both of the ports g g communicating with cylinder B, and thus the flow of steam to piston U being cut oif it may not be held with sufficient rmness in its true position, but may be s ubject to a vibratory movement during the intervals between I therefore prefer the construction and arrangement shown in part in Fig. 1 and more fully in Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, in which valve E and its seat are supposed to be iiattened to a plane. The center line of the seat in all these figures is indicated by the letter o. Fig. 6 is a plan of the seat. g g are the ports communicating with cylinder B, and h is the exhaust-port, and, with the valve I, previously described, these three ports only are used, but now We have two supplemental ports, if, communicating with ports G G', controlled by the main valve. All these several ports are indicated in dotted lines in Figs. 7, 8, 9, in which also are shown the valve in different positions, and in dotted lines the connecting-chambers k k and l in that side of the valve which is in contact with the seat. Fig. 7 represents the valve in the position. shown in Fig. l--port g is open to the chest and taking steam; port g is communicating with exhaustport h through chamber lin valve; and portst' 1'. are closed. In Fig. 8 the valve, in its return movement, has cut orf the direct communication of port g with the chest, but has at the same instant connected that port, by means of chamber 7c in the valve, with port i', whereby port g continues to take steam as before, but takes it from passage G', to which steam is now being admitted by the main valve. In like manner port g has been cut off from the exhaust-'port h, but, by means of chamber k, has been connected with port i, which, through passage G and main valve D, new connects with main exhaust H. In Fig. 9 the valve has made its full movement to the right-ports t' t" are closed 3 port g is connected with eXl1aust-port It; and port g is ope-n to the chest and taking steam to move piston C to the position shown in Fig. l.

It will at once be seen that under this construction and c rrangement the objection suggested in respect to valve I is obviated; for no sooner does the secondary valve E close its proper ports than it opens others havin g an equivalent eiiect, though under the joint control of itself and the main valve.

The secondaryv piston (l is a long` hollow cylinder closed at the ends, with an opening at the bottom to receive a stem projecting from the top of the main valve D, and an opening through it from side to side for the shaft c, as before mentioned, and also an opening at the top sufiicient for the play of the arm j', which opening` is exactly so adjusted in respect to the arm and the relative position ofthe secondary valve that the arm, in its movement, will strike the piston when, and only when, the latter' fails to move promptly under the opera-tion of its valve. In Fig. 2, in order to show another mode of applying` my invention, I represent the valve E in the form of a iiat slide. It will be seen that the valve in this form is the same in substance as in the other, the only difference being that in this form it is moved horizontally, or in a direct line, while in the other it has a rocking movement; and the description already given of the operation under the other form applies in the main equally to this, the same letters being used in both iigures (l and 2) to indicate the same or equivalent things. The form of the connection from the main piston to the secondary valve differs somewhat from that shown in Fig. l, in which the arm b is attached to the piston-rod a. In Fig. 2 it is attached to an additional rod, u, which passes through the cylinder-head, and is attached to the piston near its periph ery. This is a convenient form in the case of large pumping-engines, Where the diameter of the water-cylinder being less than the diameter of the steam-cylinder, the rod a can pass outside the former, as shown in the drawing. The pump and engine being thus brought nearer togetherV than is practicable in the other form of connection, the machine as a whole is made much stron ger and more compact. In order to give the valve E or I its proper movement when in the form of a flat slide, an eccentric is attached to the shaft e and arranged in respect to the valve and its connection with the main piston in the manner plainly shown in Fig. 2.

l do not claim as part of my invention the particular mechanical devices described, whereby a continuous movement is imparted by the main piston to the secondary valve, excepting as arranged with the eccentric m or arranged or combined with other elements, as hereinafter speciiied; nor do I claim broadly, as part of my prcsent invention, the contingent mechanical connection, herein shown, of the secondary piston with the secondary valve or its rod, whereby the secondary piston is moved mechanically by the engine when it fails to be moved promptly under the operation of its valve, in respect to which subject-matter a patent has heretofore been granted me; but I here claim only the particular mode of application of the principle of that invention as herein applied.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent. 1s-

l. The secondary valve I, constructed fora continuous movement, substantially as described, and operating to admit steam alternately to opposite ends of its cylinder B, and the secondary piston (l, connected with the main valve I), substantially as shown, and without intervening stuffing-boxes, in combination with a constant mechanical connection from the main piston to the secondary valve, whereby a continuous movement of the latter is derived from the recipro eating movement of the engine without an intervening rotary motion.

2. The secondary valve E and its seat, constructed and having ports, chambers, and passages arranged therein, substantially as described, so as to act conjointly with the main valve, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The arrangement of the main valve D with the continuously-moved secondary valve and its the secondary Valve, admitting steam to one end 'control of the secondary and main valves, subpiston G, and a constant mechanical connection from the main piston to the secondary' valve in such manner, substantially as described, that the secondary piston is reversed by the operation of and opening` the exhaust to the other end of the cylinder B, and is then brought under the joint stantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

4. The combination of the secondary piston C and secondary valve I or E with the arm f, and the constant connection thereto from the main piston, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The arrangement of the oscillating eccentric m, Fig. 27 with the secondary valve I or E in the manner shown, the eccentric forminga part of the connection from the main piston to the secondary Valve, and7 like the Valve, moved continuously during the Whole stroke of the piston.

The above specitcation of 1ny said invention signed and witnessed at Springeld, Massachusetts, this lst day of March, AQD. 1871.

CHARLES P. DEANE.

Witnesses A. M. OHAPIN,

E. DUDLEY OHAPIN. (150)

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