US1213880A

US1213880A - Type-writing machine.

Info

Publication number: US1213880A
Application number: US81224414A
Authority: US
Inventors: Vassaf Kadry
Original assignee: Underwood Typewriter Co
Current assignee: Underwood Typewriter Co
Priority date: 1914-01-15
Filing date: 1914-01-15
Publication date: 1917-01-30
Anticipated expiration: 1934-01-30

Description

J`w. o

7L/o l] BMJ I Patented Jan. 30, 1917.

v. KADRY.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. I5, 1914.

;)IJ@ U L.J)\I f ua -gle, 5g

Z5 L \I L )MI l VU\ J6 59 VASSAF KAIDRY, OF CONSTANIINOPLE, TURKEY, ASSIGNOR TO UNDERWOOD TYPE- VRl'JPER COMPANY, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DEEAWARE.

TYPE-WntITING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed January l5, 1914:. Serial 1\T o. 812,244.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that l, VAssAr KADRY, a subject of the Sultan of Turkey, residing in the city of Constantinople, in the Empire of Turkey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-Writing Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to typewritingmachines, and more particularly to the kind of machine which is adapted to write languages of the Arabic group, wherein the letters are extremely complicated, and wherein certain letters occur in several forms, dependent upon whether or not they are written to connect with the letters immediately following or preceding them, or with both the following and preceding letters. lt has hitherto been supposedthat to build a typewriting machine which would write such languages, the machine should theoretically include upward of eighty characters, besides punctuation marks; and in such machines as have actually been built, over ninety characters have been included; but such machines have failed of general adoption and use. ln addition to having a large number of characters, such machines as have been built in the attempt to write such a language, have included a special escapement mechanism, including double and single-step feed-dogs. Even with such complex escapement mechanism, it was found that some letters failed to connect properly, or overlapped so as to mislead the reader, or were otherwise misplaced. Such machines also, owingto the incomplete spacing adjustments, made the letters overlap very badly and become otherwise disarranged and undecipherable at times.

According to my invention, the typewriter may linclude types which will all have uniform width, and of which types the Separately written elements or impressions may be so connected or joined upon the worksheet as to represent complete letters, and even syllables, and in fact, whole words, in thc cursive style which has now become the standard oilicial system of printing in the Ottoman Empire. rl`he types which print this alphabet, or system of elements, as I have stated, are all of uniform width, and only a very slight and unobjectionable ard positions and be of the standard size set forth by said government for types of a given pitch. Furthermore, l have found that it is practicable to employ the standard letter-feeding pitch of one-tenth of an inch, usual in typewriting machines, such as is best represented by the Underwood typewriter.

' ln addition to reducing or eliminating the necessity for avariable escapement-for 'i the typewriter carriage, l have found it practicable to greatly reduce 'the number of types-or elements required in the machine for typewriting the given complete characters. l cause certain. types not only to print each a full letter, but I also contrive so to print each of such letters that it may connect with a subsequently written or successive letter or sign, and, when the succeeding elements are so connected on the work-sheet, they will read as a single letter.

Many of the dots I write by means of silent keys (which do not feed the typewriter carriage) and yet l have been able to so arrange the alinement of the printing surfaces of the type elements that the number of such silent keys is reduced to a minimum, while they will print in conventional form the modifications of the various letters which are used under different circumstances.

rlhe writing types, characters 4and elements which I use in this invention may be formed on typewriter type-blocks of standard build, with two'characters on each' typeblock, so that ina machine (as the Underwood) provided with a case-shift mecha-- nism, each typewriter key is capable ofprinting from its connected type-block two.y

characters, depending on the operation of the case-shift mechanism. I frequentlyr find it convenient to cause the lower case to write ,a` letter which is to stand alone, and the upper case to write a letter which is to be used as a connecting letter, so-called; or l reverse this arrangement.

According to 'my invention, it is possible to write not only Arabic, but also Turkish, Persian and Hindustani, all with the same machine, and usually without any alteration of the types, escapement or silent keys, whereby the capacity of the machine is made very great. To build a machine to write in as many as four languages of this kind vhas hitherto been supposed to be impossible.

It will therefore be seen that my invention is one of great utility, in that it permits the writing ot' several languages of the Arabic group on a single machine, and further, said'machine can have such a small number of keys that it may be of the front-strike type, wherein the writing is visible during the operation of the keys.

lt has hitherto been supposed that itI was impracticable to construct typewriters to .writesuch Complicated languages unless a large number of really necessary characters were omitted. F or instance, in prior machines, no comma or period was provided, as distinguished from the points which are used in association with letters, so that such writing as was produced by said machines was inaccurate and often misleading. Also such machines were not provided with the letter sin Connecting only' on the lett, or the letter sin non-connecting or connecting both on the right and the left. This required the Writing to be both misleading and .inartistic Moreover, such machines could .not write such common combinations of' letters as are necessary in Writing the word Allah, for example. l/Vhere such machines were able to write such a Word, a. special type was provided which wrote all the letters at one stroke except the initial ,elif7 of the word Allah.. Such examples of the limitations of prior machines might be multiplied to a considerable extent.

It is one o1' the objects oi 'this invention to overcome these diliiculties.

Other features and advantages will here inaiter appear.

1n the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective View of so much of a typewriting machine as is convenient for illustrating an escapement mechanism for use with my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan View ot' the `keyboard ot' the same, showing the silent keys with key levers in it'ull lines and the escapement operating keys 'having levers in dotted lines. Fig. 3 shows the characters oi the keyboard, and also shows said characters in various specimen kinds of combinations. lin said figure, the characters begin at the upper left-hand corner and run downward in the successive columns, and

complish this, the type 141 is ixeo'. on a said characters are arranged in the same order as thosey on the keys of the keyboard, beginning with the upper row on the top bank of keys at the right, then on the second row of characters on the said top bank (also beginning at the'right) and so on through the keyboard.

The silent key mechanism which forms the principal part ot' the mechanism shown in Fig. l is that shown in the patent to Helmond No. 827,726, August 1006, although any ot' the silent key mechanisms shown in the following patents might be used: Vilagner No. (360,231, October 23, 1900; Helmond and Kayle No. 730,450, June 9, 1903; Kellogg No. T11-5,350, December 1, 1903; l'Vagner No. 759,780, May 10, 1904;; "Wagner No. 12,465, reissued March 27, 1906; Kunath No. 827,735. ugust- 7, 1906; Kunath No. 813,828, February 12, 1007; lrc- Laughlin No. $50,846, April l0, 3.907; Mad Derinott No. 974,505. November 1, 191.0.

The sign 1 on the key lever shows the sign which the type 141 operated by said key lever will print. Said sign is used to denote the Very broad sound of ah. Suid sign is intended to be usually )laced aboyc a letter suc-has the letter eli 10. it is usually desirable not to have the car ,'iage feed when said sign 1 is printed. To actypebar 142 mounted on a fulcruni rod 1473 and engaged by a heli crank 144e, the latter connected to a lever 14.5 haring the key 146 and pivotcd at its rear end at 11i-7. rJ'hc levers and bell cranks for an ordinary vtype are in dicated at 148 and 149', and operate a typebar 150. The depression of any key carries down its lever. and vibrates the bell crank forwardly, thereby throwing the typwbar rearwardly, the type striking through a ribbon 151 against the front side ot' a platen (not shown) Each ot' the series off type-bars has a heel 152, which strikes against a curved universal bar and moves the same rearwardly, the universal bar being xed to a horizontal 'trame ll` which in said machine is suitably guided for rearward and forward movements. Upon said frame is usually fixed a 'slotted actuator 155 which engages a. wrist- '156 provided upon the short arm 15's' ot a lever 158, whereby the latter is caused to carry up and down a vibrator 159 through which is threaded the ribbon. The ribbon is yibrated by said leyer at the actuation of any type key, including the accent key. Said univers-l bar is also utilized to eiiect thc-feeding of the paper carriage, which in the present machine feeds to the right, inasmuch as Arabic and the other languages written by' this mach-ine are read to 'the lett. EEhe pape ce riag'e includes a rack 160 meshwith a, pinion 161 connected to an es'- naiaeeo capement wheel 162, with which cooperate the usual spacing and detent dogs 163 and 16d, said dogs being mounted on an upright rock arm or carrier 165. 'Ehe backward movement of said carrier is eliiected in this instance by means of an inter'aonent comprising plate 166 having at its upper end a head 167. @ne side of the latter receives the impact of a tappet 168 mounted upon the rear edge of the universal bar iframe d, and the other is in contact With a screvv or adjustable abutment 169 threaded into the upper portion of by to regulate the stroke imparted to the latter through the interponent 167 to secure accurate and rapid feeding of the carriage. 'Iflie universal bar under normal conditions operates said interponent and dog carrier at each rearward movement of each ordinary type-bar, so as to eiiect the usual letter-feeding movement of the carriage, Said inter-- poneut is movable to ined'ective position by the silent keys, so that said silent keys are inelective on the escapement mechanism. For this purpose said interponent plate is secured at its lower ends by means of screws 170 upon a vertical slide 171 mounted upon the dog` carrier. The plate 166 is yielding and presses lightly against the screuT 169, the latter having a rounded end to engage the head 167. 4

The slide`17l is provided with a projection 172, whereby it may be pulled down, this movement being effected by an arm 173 having a lip 17214 normally standing over said projection 172, said arm being xed upon a rock shaft 17 5 suitably mounted in the framework of the machine and being provided near its ends with operating arms 17 6 having pins 177 engaged by slots 17 6 formed vertically in the upper ends of links 179, each of said links being connected to its silent key lever 145. lllhenever any ordinary key lever 148 is depressed, its typeebar is swung up to the universal bars operated so that the ribbon is vibrated into effective position and the dog carrier is also swung backrvard by means of the interponent 167; but when any idle key 145 is depressed, its link 179 is drawn down, vibrating the arm 176 and rocking the shaft 175 and arm 173, the lip 174. on the latter carrying down the projection 172 and slide 171, and hence With- -draiving the interponent 167, so that the movement of the universal bar 153 is inettective to operate the dog carrier 165. The provision of the slots 17 3 in the link 17 9 enables any link to rock the shalt 175 independently of the others. A countervveight 180', or other means, may be provided for returning said shaft to normal position. A spring 181 provided upon the dog carrier engages an ear 182 upon the slide 171 to litt tlletter to normal position independently the deg carrier 165, there.

of the keys 146. The slide 171 is guided by means not material. to the present invention.

The

numerals

1, 2, 3, 4C, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are shown in Fig. 3 at 2, 3, 4, 5, 13, 14, 6, 7, and 8. 'llhe keyA bearing the characters 1 and 1() is a silent key (via, a key not operating the letter-feeding mechanism), and the character 1 is the sign met which is used over the letter elif 19, to give it the broad sound of a as in Allah The other sign on this key is explained below. The dots on the

keys

28, 18, and 67 are to be placed over or under other characters in general, and consequently are on silent keys, that is, they are like the key v1 and do not operate the letter-feeding escapement. also a silent key and prints the sign of teshdid.\vhich is used for emphasis, and also bears the character hemzef7 which last is a letter having the sound of ee.

il ind it advantageous to form certain letters by combining tivo characters, which characters may either be printed by two letter-feeding keys or may be formed by operating a lctter-t`eeding key and a silent key. F or example, l provide the sign 17 which is commonly used as a comma in Turkish and Arabic, and this may be combined with the sign 69 to form the Persian or Hindustani letter having the. sound of eh, this combination-being shown in Fig. 3 at the right hand of 17 wherein the comma 17 is combined Awith the sign 69. At 20 is shown kan which is used either separately or as a terminal connecting letter. lt is illustrated at the right as used separately in the Word bak lt is also shown as a terminal connecting, as in thevvord balk rllhe letter connecting liam is shown at 2l in said Fig. 3 and is illustrated as combined vvith other letters to form the Word leien at the right thereof and also with two slanting lines to indicate the sound ch or k of Persian or llindustani. rllhe letter connecting elif is shown at 22 Where it is illustrated as combined with dots (under the connecting character 69) in the Word Turka The letter liam mim is shown at 25 Where it is combined in the Word cima rllerminal liam isshovvn at 26 and the connectingterminal form at 36.

'lhe 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th letters of the Arabic alphabet are formed from the 29th character in- F ig. 3 which is combined With dots as shown therein to form various letters. lWithout a dot it is illustrated in the word hakim, lwith one dot above it, it is shown in the Word klias; and with three dots below it it is shown in the Word char. The seconchthird, Jfourth and fifth letters of the alphabet are produced from the 30th character ol said ligure according to the number of dots and method of combining said character. Said 30th character when The key 9 is combined with liani 21 makes an independent l7 (which is used in Persian and Hindustani as an. independent liam), and is illustrated at the right hand of said character 30.

The letter connecting sod is formed by printing the yllst'character. lVith one dot above it, as shown at the extreme right opposite said character 8l, it produces the sound of d as in the wore. delalet shown `there1n.

This character sod is shown in 3l as combined with the independent letter noon7 (omitting the dot vin said noon) which is shown at 66 and thus forms the independent letter sod7 shown on the lower line at the right ot said character 3l Where it is also illustrated in the Word l has. Said letter sod is also illustrated in the Word sedaret at the right of Fig. 3 at 31. Connecting ayin is shown at 32 in said ligure where it is illustrated at the right of the character 32 in the word ihn, also in the Word fghalib. Connecting et is shown at 33 in Fig. 3 without a dot; with one dot above it, it is illustrated as'part of the Word farkl/Vith two dots above it as shown in the top line opposite 38, it combines as shown in the bottoni line opposite said tigure to give the sound of l( as in Lkahnac Said character 33 may be combined with the character 30 to form the letter as shown opposite 33, and with two dots placed above said combination forms the letter kaf as shown in the line above said Connecting sin is seen at the right of 3l forming the Word Serna With three dots above it, said letter sin gives the sound of sh as shown in the Word shan at the right of hined 'with the letter noon (lacking the dot) to form the independent letter sin as shown at the right of 3l and may be caused to give the sound of sh by'placing three dots above the sin part as illustrated at the right.

Connecting ruim is shown at 3'? and is illustrated as part of the Word handel Medial connecting liain is shown at 39. Coninfecting` te as shown at 40 Without the dot is illustrated atthe right in the Word tara ll/'ith the dot Written in, it is often called the and gives the sound of z as in the Word zart Connecting te which connects on both sides as shown at Lll,is illustrated in the Word inatloub at the right. Connecting terminal kiaf is shown at 43 and is illustrated as it occurs in the Word melek at the right of 43. Connecting` terminal liana clit shown at ell, and is illustrated as forming part of the word Ylonnectinrcj mim-elif is shown at 45, and is illustrated as forming' part of the word osmanie Non-connecting ha is shown at 46 and is illustrated in the Word This letter sin may be com- Sabah A dot may be added. to this to give the sound of kh, or ch.

Non-connecting ayin as shown at 4'( is illustrated as forming part of the word inatah Connecting,` ha is shown at ill) where it connects both sides in the word Mohammed. Said character L9 may be combined Vith dots to give various sounds. Connecting` sod7 as shown at 50, is illustrated as forming part ol the word niesarif. Said letter sod may he employed with one dot to give the sound of z, d, etc.

The character 5l is a sign which may serve to connect with another, and when combined with various dots in this way represents various sounds, as :for example, in the word hab which is illustrated at the ril'ht.

Connecting,` ayin as shown at 52 is illustratcd in the word inaluln at the right thereof in the upper line. With a dot, said character represents the sound of gh as in the word niaghlub as shown at the right of 52. Connecting ef and hat7 are produced by the cha acter 53 which may have dots printed adjacent'. it, as for example, in the word leien shown in the upper line at the right,

and the word niekalo at the lisrht of fill.

Connectin` sin7 (connecting ou both sides) is shown at 5l. Said letter is illustrate@ as forming' part ol the word "lnesuli at the right. Said letter may he varimislycombined to produce or represent other signs. It may be conihined with dots to forni shin as shown at the right ol in the Word ineshhur, and it may also he combined with the letter noon to form the independent letter sin as shown to the right of GG in Fig. 3.

Connecting he is shown at 55, and is illustrated a* part of the word niuhm. Connecting ha (connecting only on the right) is shown at 56, and may he combined with various dots as is, for'exaniple, illustrated in the word lelij at the right of Connecting ayin is shown at 5'? and illustrated with a dot in the word tab.

The letter re is shown at 59, and illustrated as forming part olf the word zara1". Said letter is variously combined with dots to represent' various sounds. The' letter dell and medial connecting doll are shown at and 6l.

Connecting liam is shown at (S3 where it is illustrated at the extreme right as conihined with the two slanting lines to vtorni Hindustani letter. Said. chai-:utter linnn is illustrated at the right as forming part of the word inaluro.

The letter re7 is shown at Gl, and it is always written separately when in this form. v the word, arslan. The letter noon is shown at 6G lacking;- its dot. Said dot can be inserted by the silent or idle .key 28, and

lt is illustrated as 'forming' part of flll lli)

Laisgceo said lette1` is thus illustrated in the word liman at the right. At the eXtreme right said character 66 is shown as forming part. or' the letters sin and sod in one of their forms.

At 69 is shown a sign which always comes between two letters and has a value depending on its associated dots which may vary in position and number. It is illustrated as forming part of the word Sabah, and also as forming part of the word hayat.

lt may also be combined with a comma as above described to form the Hindustani character of the sound ha shown at the right. The character 72 is a square used for a period, and is entirely distinct from the

round dot

28 or 38 which has an entirely different significance. N (in-connecting mim is shown at 74. Terminal connecting mim is shown at 75, and is illustrated as forming part of the word taksim.

lt will be noted that some letters are so tall that they project beyond the usual allowable limit of printing. v l have found that it is possible to properly print such letters by placing them in the upper case position on the type-heads. It will also be noted that letters connecting on both sides such as mim 37, sin 54, sod 50, et 52, he 55, liam 63, etc., are all of the same width so that the written line is in proper form. Furthermore, l have pro vided the proper terminal letters like mim 57 and initial letters like mim 27, all of which connect properly with other letters and yet are distinctly in the forms which ditler from such letters when not connecting.

The word Allah, for example, may be written by striking` the silent key to print the character l in the upper case, and then striking the key to write the letter elif 19 in the upper case, which will feed the carriage alongf one space to the right-then writing the character connecting liana 21, then strikingr the silent key 9 to write its character in the upper case, then striking; the key 63 to writef'the connecting liam in the upper case, and then striking the key 65 to write the connecting he in the upper case. This completes the word Allah, as shown at the right of the character elif (Fig. 3).

llt is possible to write some of these lannuages for which the machine is especially adapted with fewer characters than those provided in the present keyboard. For eX- ample, some of the punctuation marks have only recently been a dopted by the more proiagressive communities where these languages are used, and are not used elsewhere. ln addition to these, some ci the double connecting letters like double connecting' sod, some ot the forms of liana, doable connect ing,` te, and some of the double letters such as liam mim may be omitted for writing such a language. Also in writing" some of the other languages other characters might be omitted. The keyboard .l have provided enables considerably over one hundred characters to be written, and since it provides the acceptable form for every letter in any position in the word, it is advantageous usually to have the full keyboard on the machine.

'llhere are some letters in some of the languages which are frequently used in special forms and can be made by carefully selecting the proper types which have notbeen described above. Typical ot such letters is the Hindustani liam7 which can be lmade by striking in succession the characters 2l, 68 and 30. It will be noted that this character thus printed differs from other liams only in its proportions; but the possibility of printing said character gives an excellentidea of the availabilityof my arrangement ot types in enabling special forms of letters to be produced.

As will be clearly seen from the examples given in Fig. 3, the characters which con* nect to form letters, or which by themselves form letters and connect to form words, all connect along the same horizontal line across the page, thus avoiding,r the troubles due to having letters connect at any one of several points in their vertical height.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of the invention, and portions ot the improvements may be used without others.

Having thus described my invention, ll claim:

1. T he combination with typewriter types adapted to form both te medial and te initial, of typewriter types adapted to form the remainder of the letters of the Arabic alphabet.

2. The combination with typewriter types adapted to form both the medial and the initial, of typewriter types adapted to form the remainder of the letters ot' the Arabic alphabet.

3. The combination with typewriter types adapted 'to form both sod medial Vand sod initial, of typewriter types adapted to form the remainder of the letters et the Arabic alphabet.

4. The combination with typewriter types adapted to form the letter noon by a letterfeeding and a silent type, ot typewriter types adapted to torni the letter sod by combining with said letter-feedingr type, another typewriter type adapted to form the remainder of the letters oi the Arabic alphabet.

5. The combination with typewriter types adapted to form the letter noon by a letn ter-feeding and a silent type, ot typewriter types adapted to form the letter sin by bet.

,mim, of a letter-feeding combining with said letter-feeding type, and other typewriter types adapted to form the remainder of the letters of the Arabie alphabet.

6. The combination with typewriter types adapted to form the letter noon by a letter-feeding and a silent type, of typewriter types adapted to form the letter shin by combining with said letter-feeding type, and other typewriter types adapted to form the remainder of the letters of the Arabic alphahet.

7. The combination with typewriter types adapted to form both connected and unconnected terminal fliam, ot other typewriter types adapted to form the remainder of the -letters of the Arabic alphabet.

8. The combination with typewriter types adapted to form both medial connecting doll7 and medial connecting liam,9 of other typewriter types adapted to form the remainder of the letters of the Arabic alphaadapted to write a language of the Arabic type and comprising letter-feeding keys, the combinafv tion with a letter-feeding` key adapted to print the second letter ot the Arabie alphabet, and a letter-feeding key adapted to print an additional tail therefor, oi keys for printing dots to be associated with said letter and tail for giving said letter and its tail signification.

12. In a typewriting machine adapted to write a language of the Arabic type, the combination with letter-feeding keys adapted to print characters and letters to connect with other letters and a letter-feeding key adapted to write the letter connecting liainkey adapted to write the letter liam connecting on one side only.

13. The combination `with a typewriter type to form non-connecting mim, of typewriter types adapted to form terminal connecting mim7 and the remainder of 'the letters of the Arabic alphabet.

release 14. The combination with a single typewriter type adapted to write terminal con necting minn of typewriter types adapted to write a plurality of other 'forms of the letter minn and the remainder of the letters of the Arabic alphabet.

15. rlhe combination with a single type writer type adapted to write terminal connecting ha,'of typewriter types adapted to write other forms of the letter ha,"7 and the remainder of the letters of the Arabic alpha bet.

1G. The combination with a single typewriter type adapted to write mim-clit, of typewriter types adapted to write the remainder of the letters of the Arabic alphabet.

17. The combination with a single typewriter type adapted to write terminal connecting kai of typewriter types adapted to write the remainder o the letters ot the Arabic alphabet.

18. lThe combination with a typewriter type adapted to form the herein-shown character 1l, of typewriter types adapted to torni the Hindustani liaun and the letters of the Arabie alphabet.

19. The combination with a typewriter type adapted to form an incomplete kaij of types adapted to form other letters therefrom, and the remainder of the letters ol the Arabic alphabet.

20. The combination with typewriter types writing the Arabic numerals. of single typewriter types writing terminal connecting.;` ha and ayin and mien and typewriter types adapted to form the remainder of the 'letters of the Arabie alphabet.

2l. rlChe combination with typewriter types writingr the Arabic numerals. of single typewriter types writing` connecting sod and tef and typewriter types adapted to form the remainder of the letters of the Arabic alphabet.

22. The combination with a typewriter type writing connecting liam-mim, of typewriter types writingconnecting ha and ayin and mim and typewriter types adapted to form the remainder of the letters of the Arabic alphabet.

23. The combination with a typewriter type writing' connecting ham-mim of typewriter types writing connecting sod and tef and typewriter types adapcd to form the remainder of the letters ol the Arabie alphabet.

VASSF KABE Y. l/Vitnesses:

EDWARD THOMAS, Varian Cnnnnsnmn.

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