US1208134A - Method of heating coke-ovens and the like. - Google Patents

Description

R. GEIPERT.

METHUQ OF HEATING COKE OVE APPLICAHDN mm APR.

NS AND THE LIKE- PaJtented Dec. 12, 1916.

R. (;;IPERT. METHOD OF'HEATING 00m. 0vENs AND THE LIKE. I IAPPLICAHOQ FILED APR. 10. 1914. 1,208,134. Patented Dec.12,1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- '40 present time for effecting such heating with neural) s'ra'rns PATENT curios.

LEUDGLF GEIPEET, OF BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOB TO DESSAUEB VERTIKAL OFEN GESELLSlGHi'iFT, OE BERLIN, GERMANY, A CORPORATION OF GERMANY.

METHODOF HEATING COKE-OVENS AND THE LIKE.

ran-u W Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 12, 1916.

Appltcaton filed April 10, 1914. Serial No. 830,925.

A 1'; all whom it may concern lie it known that I, ltuoonr Gsirnnr, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, and resident of Berlin, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Heating Coke-Ovens and the like, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to a mode of operation of coke ovens with closed retorts externally heated and refers particularly to a process of heating coke ovens with either producer gas, or illuminating gas such as 18 obtained, for instance, in the coking of coal.

connected with the furnaces or ovens.

use of illuminating .The retorts of the furnaces for the destructive distillation of coal for the production of colic and illuminating gas are usually heated with producer gas which is usually generated from coke or coal in produce? t has been repea edly suggested that illumihating gas obtained by the distillation process might be used occasionally for the heating' of the retort-s, especially at those times when the market price of the coke advises such a change from the standpoint of economy. In. operating this heating of the dis tillinp; retorts alternately burning either producer gas or illunnnating gason a large scale, it has been found relatively easy to change from the burning of producer gas to the burning of illuminating gas; great difficulty has been encountered, however, in the reverse process, viz, the change from the I as to the use of producer gas, because iuring the burning of illuminating gas the producers are shut down and must he started up anew for heating' the retorts again with producer gas. In

the construction of the means used up to the either producer gas or illuminating gas, there has furthermore been a permanent risk from danger by explosion, inasmuch as during the period of burning illuminating gas said gas escapes through leaks in the valves or like means into the inactive producer, as well as into the channels or lines leading to and connected with said producer, there by forming explosive gas mixtures with the air in said channels or fines and the producer itself. The present invention obviates these disadvantages by not shutting down the producer completely during the burning of the illuminating gas and on the contrary by plosion is avoided because generating such amount of producer gas therein that the producer as well as the channels connected with same remain at a high temperature. The producer gas thus obtained is mixed with the illumiflatin gas heating the retorts by using difl'erent'kinds of. fuel gas is carried out according to the following principles: 1. During the period of heating by burning producer gas exclu' sively, the channels, admitting illuminating gas to the fire chamber of the oven, are closed, whereas the valves or like means, regulating the admission of the primary air tothe producers, are rather widely open; 2. During the period of heating by burning illuminating gas the channels conducting said illuminating gas into the fire chamber of the oven are opened for the passage of the necessary quantity of gas, whereas the valves, admitting the primary air to the producers, are opened just enough to admit as much air as is necessary for the generation of a. small quantity of producer gas.

In operating according to the aforesaid principles one can-change without difliculty from the use of illitniinating gas to that of producer gas by closing the channels for the illuminating gas and by furthermore widely opening the valves for the primary air for the producer; both methods of heating may thus be followed alternately as quickly and as often as may be desired. By this mode of operation, as described, all danger of exduring the period of heating with illuminating gas said gas will strike all parts of the producer, as well as the channels connected with the same, when. the said producer and channels are highly incandescent; under s'uch conditions explosive mixtures of gas and air are not formed. The quantity of producer gas needed. during the period of using illuminating gas, to maintain a high temperatin-c within the producer and the channels connected with the same may be easily estimated according to the requirements of the situation and said quantity may he so regulated that a definite proportion of the heatnecessary to operate the coking oven is furnished by the producer gas. T he even discharge of small quantities of producer gas into the coke oven is rather ditlicult however during the removal of clinkers from the producer. As the doors of the producers are open during this operation much air enters the producers, resulting in the generation of great quantities of producer gas; if under these conditions an excess of producer gas enters the exit flue of the oven its mixture with air may readily prove explosive. To prevent occurrences of this kind either the channels for the illuminating gas or those for conducting, the producer gas are throttled or a part of the same is'temporarily closed. The construction of the means employed may also be so arranged that, during the period of heating with the illuminating gas, the producer enters permanently through one or several narrow tines, said fines offering rather ,con-

siderable resistance to the passage of reat volumes of gases into the live chamber 0 the coking oven, thus causing an accumulation of gases in the Flues and the producer and keeping down the formation of any con-.

siderable quantities of producer gas be cause of the back pressure.

In the following I shall describe and illustrate in connection with the accompanying drawings, one form of oven adapted for use in accordance with the present invention. the device shown in the drawings representing by way of example, one method of constructing a coke oven with vertical retorts, wherein, during the period of heating with illuminating gas, only one of the chao nels between the. produ er and the fire chainber is permanently open to serve as an exit of the gases into the oven.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of the oven along the line A E of Fig. 2; Fig. :2 is a vertical tional view along; the line D of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view of an oven showing a modified form of construo tion for carrying out the-beating: process.

Similar letters of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several views.

The arrangement disclosed in Figs. 1 and 2 shows a coking oven with vertical rctorts which is connected to a gas producer a. by means of a main flue b. the latter branching out into several lateral lilies coni'icrting directly with the tire-chamber (Z containing the retorts e to be heated externally tor the cokingprocess. .& main-pipe is llllflltlt'll below the oven to conduct the illuminating gas through .branch pipes 1/ which open into the fines directly behind the shut-oil" plates h; as the r-lillt on may require the pipes are closed orooened by means of valves i. The air for combustion in the fire-chamber :1 is intrmluccd by means of fines 5' opening into the upper part of the lateral Hues a. The air for the trasitvintr process in producer 1, is admitted in anyof the well known ways for instancethrough damper m in the rangement during the period of burning the fire chamber (1 onl through the middle door 12, of the producer. With this arrange ment as described only part of the lateral tines c is in connection, by means of the branch pipes g, with the main pipe f for the illuminating gas, preferably the three lines o in thefront, and those in the rear are thus connected, while the fine a in the middle is permanently in connection with fine I) for the admission of the producer as. g It is obvious from the above that Fi s. 1 and 2 represent an installation of a co ing oven in which during the period of heating with illuminating gas six flues c are supplied with illuminating gas from the main pipef, while the middle fine 0 introduces producer gas into the fire chamber. Sixseventh (-2-) parts of the fuel supply gas are thus furnished by illuminating gas, the remaining one seventh (1}) being provided by producer gas. It is evident that in this arilluminating gas, the producer gas can enter line a: and as it meets considerable resistance during the passage through this narrow channel, a considerable generation of pro ducer gas is prevented a?) initz'o from enterint; the fire chamber even during the rerun-a1 of elinhers from the producer. It is evident that the construction may also be arranged to have two or more fines a con nected with the tire chamber d for conducting producer gas to the same during the period of burning illuminating 'gas if it is preferable to have a corresponding part of the heating effect obtained by means of producer gas; by connecting, or disconnecting respectively, a certain number of the fines c as well as opening or closing the valves i in pipes f] connecting with main pipe 7, the supply of gases to the furnace chamber d may he carried out so that the optional heating by either kind of gas may be easily ef ferried and regulated.

l'he construction shown in Fig. 3 discloses a further development of the present c struction for the purliose of avoiding d ingz theperiod of burning illuminating ens, the formation of luminous flames which are 1 of great handicap in the observations to establish the temperature (if-the retort from the behavior ofthe fiaines in the lire-chainber. This lattecrnirposeo1 the invention is achieved by passii'ig the illuminating gas prior to its entrance into the the chamber d of the oven..through the incandescent fuel and to thus free it otits illuminant compr nents. liy this method of eliminating the latter lciin .jl' gases. the producer gas and the nor: m'lllllllllali'tttl gas from the rctorts arc thi'nougrhly mixed beforerntcring the Fre hamher. It is of course nnderstm .I d-vi. in passing the illuminating gas tlc ugh theincandesccnt layer of fuel in the producer care must be taken that the primarywith a producer 0 like that shown in Figs; 1 and 2, said producer 0 being connected by a cluttinel p and a series of lateral flues Withafifldfire chamber "1' in which the mtcrts to he heatedare located. The introduction of thc air required :for the combustion of the gases in the fire-chamber 7* takes place by means of the/fines u' enteringat the upper part of dateral flues 'g. The primary-sailrequired 'for the generation of the producer is introduced in the well known way. It rough the damperw in the door w, The

main; ipe m for the illuminating gas is pro videci With a valve y; contrary to the com 2 said main;

struction shown in Figs. 1 an pipe is n'ot located in the rear of the producer but runs along the front side of produccr a. One or guplurality of horizontal pipes or flues'z connect the gas main pipe a;-

with the chamber-of producer 0. The onficeo j o'f-the pipes z are at such a height above the grate o of the producer that a colmum of incandescent fuel is between the respective entrances of the primary air and the illuminating gas and consequently the primary air does not meet with the illumi- "xiating gas introduced into the producer.

During the period of burning/the producer gas, the valve 3/ of the main gas pipe is closed, whereas the damper 1), re lating the admission of the primary'air into the producer, is widely opened to admit oi the generation of the que' -tity producer gas necessary for heating the cal-re oven. During the period of bul'nin illuminating gas, the damper o is open 011% a little to admit only a small quantity of rimary air and to consequently generate on y such small quantity of producer gases as will hes the fuel in the producer incandescent. -T e illuminating gas flows through the lines a and passes through the incandescent fuel in the producer 0 leaving finally, mixed with the small quantity of producer gas, through the fines and into the fire-chamberr. The llurrunating gas, in passing through the incandescent fuel in the producer, is freed of all the components burnin with a luminous flame, thus obtaining in te fire-chamber '2' non-luminous flames raising no difiieulties for the observation of the temperature of the oven.

The construction represented by Fig. 3 is without the shut-off plates, provided in the the combustion of which will give a lumicombustion flues a of Figs. 1 and 2, for the purpose of 66 preventing, during the period of burning illuminating gas, an undesirable generation of producer gas when the clinkers are being removed from the producer. in the arrangement shown in Fig. 3, the supply of- 70 illuminating gas is nearly or completely interrupted by means of yalve 11 whereby no considerable quantity of illuminating gas may enter fire-chamber a".

This .lnodified. way of carrying out my process ofoptionally heating the coke ovens and the like furhaces by either producer gas or illuminating-"gas allows also the use, in stead ofilluminating gas, of-any other gasl nous flame, as for instance, the nowadayslargel and economically made producergae from brown coal or lignite which in assing through the incandescent zone of eproducer is perfectlydeluminatedby the present modification and therefore does not :burnin the fire chamber with a luminous -fiari1.e.

It is understood that whenever I use the" term illuminating gas in the specification as'well as in the attached ehiims I mean toembrace all gases, components of which by" 've luminous Elaine and that such term illuminating gas" embraces all such gases Whatever theirorigizi or'ma'imer' es of production. I am furthermore, well. aware that further changes in the form end proportion of parts and details of construction herein shown and described can --be' made without dpartin from the spirit of the.,.inveution or aacri icing the advantage thereof, and I therefore. reserve the right to make such changes as fall within the scope of the same as I claim them as part of" my invention.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:-

1. In the method of heating coke ovens and the likeby alternately burning producer gas or illuminating gas in the same, continuously generating during the periods of burning illuminating. gas a quentity'of producer gas suiiicient to maintannthe'hight temperature of the producer proper as well as of. the fines connecting said producer and the coke oven.

2. In the method of heating coke ovens and the like by' alternately burning pr0 ducei gas or illuminating gas in the same,

continuously generating during the periods mixing the producer gas and i. In the method of heating coke ovens and the like by alternately burning producer gas or illuminating'gas, continuously generating during the periods of burning illuminating gas a quantity of producer gas, mixing said gas with the illuminating gas beforetheii entrancc into the coke oven, burning the mixture. thus ohtained in the coke. oven. and preventing explosions of the ohtained gas mixture during the removal of clinkers from the producer by suitably regulating the fines for the admission of the illuminating gas.

4. In the method of heating coke ovens and the. like h v alternately burning prodin-er gas or illuminating gas. continuously generating lllll'lllg the periods of burning,

illuminating gas a quantity of producer gas, mixing said gas with the illuminating gas before their entrance into the coke oven, hurnin g the mixture thus obtained in the eolte oven, and preventing explosions of the obtained gas mixture during the removal of elinkers from the producer by suitably regulating: the fines for the admission of the producer gas.

In the method of heating coke ovens and the like by alternately burning pro dut'er gas or illuminating gas. continuously generating during the periods of hurning illuminating Qas a uuantit of producer-gas, mixing said gas with the ilhnninating'gas heforc their entrance into the roke oren,

hurniug the mixture thus obtained in the coke oven. and preventing: explosions of the obtained gas mixture during the ltl'llOVtllOf elinltrrs from the producer h v suitably regulating the fines for the admission of both illuminating and producer gas.

(3. In the method of heating coke ovens and the like In: alternately burning producer gas or illuminating gas in the same, continuously gene ating during the periods of burning illuminating gas a quantity of producer gas sullicient to maintain the high teniperatnre of the producer proper, mixing a relatively small )roportion of the prw dueer gas with the illuminating gas before their entrance into the coke oven, burning the mixture thus obtained in the suite oven, rholting the free passage of the producer gas to the oven and preventing formation of any considerable quantity of producer gas by the back pressureof said producer gas.

7. In the method of heating coke ovens and the like by alternately burning producer gas or illuminating gas in the same, continuously admitting during the. period of burning illuminating gas a quantity of primary air to the producers just sullicient to generate such quantity of producer gas as is necessary to maintain the high temperature of the producer and mixing said relatively small proportion of generated producer gas with the illuminating gas before their entrance into the coking oven.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

RUDOLF GEIPERT. Witnesses:

HnxnY HAHIER, \Vonnnnan Hater.

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