US1204771A

US1204771A - Moving-picture apparatus.

Info

Publication number: US1204771A
Application number: US70954612A
Authority: US
Inventors: Marcus C Hopkins
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1912-07-15
Filing date: 1912-07-15
Publication date: 1916-11-14
Anticipated expiration: 1933-11-14

Description

IVI. C. HOPKINS.A

MOVING PICTURE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 15.1912. 1.204371.

Patented Nov. I4, 1916.

5 SHEEIS-SHEET I.

. M III F Il M" WJ.

IVI. C. HOPKINS.

MOVING PICTURE APPARATUS.

APPucATloN H11-:D 1uLY15.1912.

1,204,771 Patented Nov. 11, 1916.

5 SHEElS-SHEET 2.

- Snow/1 tof,

' IVI. C. HOPKINS.

MOVING PICTURE APPARATUS.

APPLICAUON 1|LED1111Y15,1912.

1 ,204,771 Patented Nov. 14, 1916.

5 SHhtlS-SHEET 3.

www1-M @www No: fvwamto'c 3513 Gttoznms IVI. C. HOPKINS.

MOVING PICTURE APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED 1uLY15.1912.

Patented N 0V. 14, 1916.

5 ShEETS-SHEET 4.

nvamtoz NI. C.,HOPKINS.

MOVING PICTURE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JLILY 15. 1912.

`1,201,771 l y Patented 11011111916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

101 Sip avenue, Jersey City,

UNTTED sTATEs PATENT oEErCE.

MARCUS c. HOPKINS, 0E JERSEY CI'IY,` NEW JERSEY.

MOVING-PICTURE APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

p, Application led .TulaP 15, i912. Serial No. 709,546.

To @ZZ 'whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, MARCUS C. HOPKINS, a citizen of the United States, residing at No.

county of Hudson, and State'of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Moving-Picture Apparatus; and l do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The invention is directed to the production' of apparatus whereby moving pictures may be projected upon a screen from a continuously and uniformly moving film without an interception of the projecting light by a shutter or like device, and whereby a complete and uniformly illuminated picture may at all times be presented upon the screen.

The invention. also contemplates such an arrangement of the apparatus that the mavi- A mum amount of available light is. constantly utilized for the illumination of the projected picture.

ll/iy improvement is directed to the perfection of apparatus of the kind proposed in yBritish Patent No. 7650 of 1901 granted to A. V. E. Daubresse wherein a polygonal transparent body is rotated between the moving hlm and the objective oi the projection lantern, but unlike the apparatus shown and described in said patent, l employ only light which is substantially parallel and combine with the rotating polygonal body means whereby the light rays are rendered substantially parallel before passing through the moving iilm and rotating body. This 'departure :trom the method of operation described and apparatus shown by Daubresse has made it possible to project at all positions oi the film and rotating polygonal body l a complete uniformly illuminated picture upon the screen which eliminates what is commonly known as the flicker in shutter machines, which :dicker is still present throughout the top and bottom portions of the picture obtained in the manner described? by Daubresse.

The several features of the invention are hereinafter specically ointed out" in connection with the description of the ap ended drawings which illustrate embo ents thereof in apparatus designed for actual use the arrangement vwill be a considerable period during which a Eatented Nov 14, 19,16.

in the production of uniformly and continuously illuminated moving pictures.` Y

In the drawings, Figure l is a section in velevation on line 1--1v of Fig. 2, of an embodiment of the invention in which two polygonal refracting bodies of low refractive index are employed to produce a continuous uniformly illuminated picture and utilize all of the available light for projection. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same machine taken on line 2 2 of Figs. .k1 and 3. Fig. 3 is a cross-section taken on lines 3 3 of Figs. l and 2. Fig. 4 is a detail of the ilm feeding sprocket and its adjustable framing gear employed in the machine. Figs. 5 to 8 inclusive, are diagrammatic elevations illustrating the direction taken by the projected light in passing through the refracting bodies of the machine. Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view of the condenser system and paralleling lens employed. Fig. l() is a cross-section showing the emergency shutter mechanism and Fig. ll is a detail showing one arrangement of the color films' on the faces oie the polygonal refracting body inter- Jpppd between the, condenser and the picture The illustrated embodiment of the invention shows the use of two reracting bodies made oa medium having a comparatively low refractive index, such as ordinary low index optical glass, the peripheral planes of the refracting bodies being longer than the distance between like points in adjacent pictures upon the picture iilms when the proper correlation or the refractive index, the size of the reiracting body and the Iilm is brought about. The use of a reiiracting body of such a size introduces a problem into of the device in that there face of the reracting body will present an unbroken picture to the objective, which would ordinarily require a iield of projecting light being passed through one cornplete picture on the hlm during this period and would necessitate a iield of light having a diameter equal to the height of the picture plus the distance traveled by the lm during this time. it then the area of vthe eld of light were suiicient to supply illumination during this movement of the picture, the preceding and following pictures would, during a portion of the time, be also illumi-` nated and vwould present to the objective lens, an overlapping of light throughout portions of the projected picture which would destroythe uniformity `ofits illumi-` m refractive index by causing the li ht to be deliected upon the correct parts o the picture, and have accomplished this by utilizing two of the refracting bodies'as shown in the preferred embodiment of the invention illus.- trated in the drawings. Referring to Figs. 1,2, 3 and 4, a driving shaft D is mounted in bearings B in a cast' frame C and is revolved by a crank vD. A

idler Iear d running on a stud Gr and a Wideaced gear d splined to and longitudinally movable upon a feed-sprocket shaft H. The idler gear cl meshes and drives a gear dm. fast on a shaft I. All of the gears are spiral toothed spur gears and run noiselessly and smoothly and,.owing to this spiral cut of the teeth, the longitudinal movement of the wide-faced ear d on'the vsplined feed-sprocket shaft will change thev angular relation of the shaft H to Vthe 4other gears of thetrain. The large gear al drives the 35 gears alk and da vat double and the gear d" at four times' its own speed. The shafts Exandl rotate in A'opposite' directions and are provided with similar octagonally re-v cesse'd'face plates e and c' in which are respectively seated ther octagonal glass. drums 40 A and A.- vThe glass drums A and A are held in their respective face plates by ointedscrews e and f which are threa ed in" brackets e and on the casting C and bear against centered Adiskse" and 71 which in turn press -against soft rubber disks e and "y next to the drums and retain them in the face plates.' The glass drums A and f-A are set in such relative positions that their faces will beparallel when1 opposite and their axes will' be intercepted by the o tical axis ofthe condenser system and Y t e objective lens.

A film sprocket F is mounted-fast onvthe 55 shaft'H and it willbe seen that this sprocketl .will feed the film' between the ref racting bodies A and A at a speed which will present one picture to each face of these bodies. As

- r there are usually four perforations foreach picture in the aim 'and a is not likely that the film will always be'engaged with lthe 1 sprocket infa correct position to frame,vthe wide-facedl gear d" is embraced by a yoke K, providedy withv a rack lc meshing with a l v pinion la which may be turned to move the picture.

large gear d'fast on that end of the driving shaft D opposite the crank D meshes with; vand drives a gear d fast yon a shat E, an

s iral toothed widefaced igear cZ" longituinall on the splined shaft H, chan 'ng the re ative positions of the sprocket an reracting bodies and accurately framing the The lm'F is Aled from a magazine M next to an a ertured guide m against which itis presse by a'spring pressed door m. 'It is engaged by the sprocket F against which itis ressed by awithdrawable spring pressed id er f and then enters the lower magazine M', the spindleo whichgis in-v tended to be driven from shaft D by a chain through the lusual yielding friction clutch. j

vA governor '0 driven byspiral gearing o, `o from the shaft l moves a dispersive Y, emergency shutter S out of the path of the light whenI the machine is running.V This shutteris preferably made of opal glass or other like translucent material which disperses the light and prevents its concentration on the film, while itstill allows the mechanism to be illuminated to facilitatev the adjustment of the' lm. v A. dispersing lens ma be used in the shutter in place of Vdownwardly between the refracting bodies the opa glass. While the emergency shutter efiectually prevents the ignition of the film by dispersing the concentrated rays.

when working properly, l have provided flaring tops ttupon the door fm. and the.

guide m whic will defiect the flame from a burning position of the film inV the pro'ecting aperture and prevent the ignition o the film above the door.

The light of anv arc lamp, such as is shown at Jin Fig. 9, may be passed through a pair of condensers j, j and converged u on asmall double-concave lens j-v which is o just suiicient diameter to take in the full area of one of the pictures upon the film F and of the proper curvature, to render the light substantially arallel uniformly throughout the field. A iaphragm j having an aperture equal to the size of the picture upon the' t filml is inter osed inthe path of the parallel raysl after t ey'leave the lens j and cuts oil' the light outside'o'f the rectangle of the picture preventing overlapping of the light through two pictures.l The condensersj, y' and lens j should. referably form an achromatic system whic should also be corrected for lspherical aberration, but as a fair result can be obtained with uncorrected lenses and corrected systems are wellknown it has been deemed sufficient to merely indicate the arrangement Ain a more or less diagrammatic .mannen I prefer to lace a diaphragm j having an aperture o the area of the picture on the film, between the refracting'bodyA and the objective lens L in order to intercept anyy re- 'ected or stray light which might otherwise reach the objective.

directed u tance from the lamp and is, by these con-A densers converged upon a paralleling lens y" within an area sufficiently small to conserve all of the light possible within a rectangle of the size of al picture on the film.

hatched arrow make up the same and represented Were it practicable to place a small condenser, say of the size of lthe lens y" close enough to the lamp to receive the same amount of light received by a larger condenser farther away, such a condenser could be made to produce substantially parallel light and the lens j could be dispensed with. However, the heat from` the lamp is so great with even half of the current values usually employed that there would be great danger of breaking such a small condenser so placed, and the apparatus of Fig. 9 is preferred.

Referring to Figs. 5 to 8, which are diagrammatic views of four positions which the film and refracting bodies assume, I

`have shown arrows upon the film, each arrow representing one picture and alternate arrows being hatched to distinguish them froni' the adjacent unhatched arrows. It

will be clearly seen in what manner the parallellight rays pass through the refracting bodies in the film, the course of these light .rays lbeing indicated by dotted lines. At the right beyond the refracting body arrows are shown representing the picture as they are presented to the objective lens, and it will be seen that in Figs. 5 and 6, though-the film has moved between these positions the picture presented to the objective lens is by a complete unhatched arrow. In Figs. 7 and 8, the light passes through portions of two arrows representing two pictures and it`will be seen that the arrow presented to the objective lens in this case is made up of the tail of the unhatched arrow and the head of the succeeding hatched arrow. in Fig. 8 equal parts 'of the unhatched and succeeding the stationary image presented to the projective lens.

' TWhen it is desired to project pictures in color, where the film vconsists of a series of pictures, the adjacent pictures of which series have been taken through color screens, and, therefore, represent the appropriate distribution of color in the to be Aprojected picture, l provide alternate faces of the polygonal refractingbody which is interposed between the condenser system and the film with a colored film e, as shown in Fig. 1l, which may beapplied in any suitable manner so that a picture' on the film requiring illumination by light of one color will receive light of' that color through two opposite sides of the refracting body pro- Vbination Ywith^ a film feed 'the film and means for passing 'substantially as, and for vided with a film suitably colored to prolight of the proper color from another pair of opposite sides of the. refracting body. i/Vh'en but two colorsA are used the colors are alternated on the faces of the refracting body, but when three colors are lused a refracting body havinga number of sides, which is a multiple of six, must be used.

It is only necessary that one of a air of opposite sides of the olygonal body e provided with a color fi m, and, therefore, but half of the sides of one polygonal body need be so colored to produce the desired result.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

l. In moving picture apparatus, the comof two oppositely7 rotating `transparent polygonal refracting bodies each having an even number of faces and disposed upon opposite sides of the film; substantially as described. r

2. ln moving picture apparatus, the combination with a film feed of two oppositely rotating transparent polygonal refracting bodies -each having an even number of faces and disposed upon opposite sides of a uniform field of substantially parallel light through one of said bodies, then through the moving film and then through the other of said bod-ies; substantially as described.

3. ln moving picture apparatus, the combination with a unifo-rm field of parallel light, a moving pictureviilm fed through said field, and a polygonal refracting body rotating in the path of said field of light through which body said light passes before reaching said film; substantially as described.

4. ln moving picture apparatus the combination with a stationary source of light, a moving film, means for moving the held of light emanating from the source and ing upon the lm in correspondence with the movement of the lm to maintain a fiXed relation between the film and the light rays illuminating'it during movement of the film.

5. ln moving picture apparatus, the combination with a film feed, of two oppositely rotating transparent` polygonal refracting bodies, each having an even number of faces and disposed upon opposite sides of the film, and means for passing light through one of said bodies, then through the moving film, and then through the other of said bodies, the purpose set forth.

6. In moving picture apparatus, the combination with a film and a feed therefor, of a polygonal refracting body mounted to rotate in accordance with the movement of said film, and means for presenting a moving field 'of light to said film in such manner that supplemental parts of pictures on the film will be illuminated by the same portions of the ield of light during the movement of said ilm substantially las described.

7 In moving picture apparatus, the oombination with a film and a feed therefor, of a polygonal refracting body mounted t0 rotate in ,accordance with 'the movement of said film, and means for translating a ieldof substantially parallel light directed upon said film insuch manner that supplemental parts of pictures on the lm will be illuminated by the same portions of the field of light during the movement of the film substantially as described.

8. In moving picture apparatus, the combination with a film -and a feed therefor, of a polygonal refracting body mounted torotate in accordance with the movement of said ilm, and means for deflecting afield of light through said film; substantially as described. 9. In moving picture apparatus, the combination of a stationary objective lens, a

stationary source of substantially parallel light producing a uniform eld of light directed to said objective lens, a moving picture film intercepting said field of parallel light, a continuous feed for said film, a transparent polygonal refracting body interposed between said film and said objec- Lasern which and the film the light is passed; substantially as described.

11. In moving picture apparatus, aV moving film, a source of light and a polygonal refracting body disposed between said source the speed of the lm and the diof light and said film' and arranged to r0` tate in accordance with the movement of said lm, certain peripheral faces of said body being provided with color screens to present colored light to said moving film.

. In testimony whereof I. aiix my signature, `in presence of two witnesses.

MARCUS o.-v HorKrNs;

Witnesses:

J. E. NoEGenRA'rr, Laon W, RosENTHAL.