US1202429A

US1202429A - Aeroplane.

Info

Publication number: US1202429A
Application number: US7199716A
Authority: US
Inventors: Compton Riely
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1916-01-13
Filing date: 1916-01-13
Publication date: 1916-10-24
Anticipated expiration: 1933-10-24

Description

C. RIELY.

AEROPLAN.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. 1915. IIENEWED IAN. 13.1916.

Patented Oct. 24, 1916.

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AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION 111150 MAY22,1915. RENEwED JAN. 13,1916.

Patented Oct. 24, 1916.

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AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. |915. RENEWED IAN. 13.1916.

Patented Oct. 24, 1916.

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AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION man mlm/22,1915. RENEWED JAN, 13.1916.

Patented Oct. 24, 1916.

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AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. I9I5. IIEIIEwEo IAII. I3, 191s.

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AEROPLANE.

APPucATloN FILED MAY22,1915. aENEwEn JAN. 13,1916.

Patented Oct. 24, 1916 'll SHEETS-SHEET 6- C. RIELY.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION m50 MAY 22. |915. RENEwED JAN. 13. ma.

Patented. Oct. 24, 1916.

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C. RIELY.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICAUQN 111.51) 111111122. 1915. RENEwED JAN. 13.1916.

ljl l Patented Oct. 24,1916.

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C. RIELY.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. 1915. RENEWED IAN. I3. I9I6.

l QQQ I, Patented Oct. 24, 1916.

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AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. 191s. RENEwED JAN. 13,1916.

Patented Oct. 24, 1916.

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C. RIELY.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY z2, |915. RENEWED JAN. 13.1916'.

Patented Oct. 24, 1916.

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COMPTON RIELY, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

AEROPLANE Application led May 22, 1915, Serial No. 29,863.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, COMPTON RIELY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, have invented certain new and 'useful Improvements in Aeroplanes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in aeroplanes, and especially to that type known as monoplanes in which the wings and tail substantially resemble those of a bird.

The invention is intended to be applied to v machines which start either from the water or from the land, or which alight either' upon-the water or the land; and I have shown it supported by a boat provided with disappearing wheels, withmeans for mov-- ing these wheels outward when it is desired to use the machine for land purposes, or they may be swung inward when in flight, so as to decrease the resistance, or when itis desired to light on shallow water, or to rise from the water.

According to my invention I form the two wing members each of two separate and independently-movable sections, and I construct the tail of three sections, each independently movable; and these various parts are firmly braced and are connected to certain pivot centers which are carried by the main framework of the machine; the idea being to accomplish, as far as practicable, by mechanical results, the natural movements ofa bird in flight.

The movement of the various wing sections, and of the tail sections, and also the swinging in and out of the supporting wheels` may all be accomplished from the.

' cock pit of the boat, or other .suitable position on the platform. y

My invention. will be better understood Specification of Letters Patent.

` after reference to the accompanying drawings, in which similar parts are indicated by similar reference symbols throughout the several views.

Figure 1 is a plan view of the complete device, with the wing segments slightlyoverlapping; Fig. 2 is a top plan view showing one of the wings in a slightly different position from that shown in Fig. 1, parts being broken away for the sake of clearness in the l drawings; Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view Patented Oct. 241, 1916.. Renewed January 13, 1916. Serial No. 71,997.

' 4 for the sake of clearness in the drawings;

Fig. 5 is a diagram showing one of the wings in still another position; part of the bracing and of the framework being omitted for the sake of clearness in the drawings, the wing surfaces being shown as plane, and the corrugations being omitted; Fig. 6 is a front view of the parts of Fig. 5, the wing surfaces and the boat being shown in dotted lines; Fig. 7 shows a section along the line 7 7 of Fig. 6, the tail being shown inclined upward, and shows the parts in the sameposition as in Figs. 5 and G; Fig. 8 is a plan view of one of the wing segments and shows the form of the corrugations thereon; Fig. 9 shows a section along the line 9 9 of Fig. 8, looking in the direction of the arrows; partstbeing shown on a larger scale; Fig. 10, shown in Sheet 2, shows a section through the wing along the line 10-10 of Fig. 8, and looking in the direction of the arrows; Figs. 11-14 represent the construction and the operation of the tail, parts being shown on a larger scale; and referring especially to each figure, Fig. 11 is a plan view showing the tail in an intermediate position from those shown'in Figs. 4: and 7; Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the tail as shown in Fig. 11; Fig. 13 is a plan view of the tail showing it tilted and swung laterally.; Fig. 14 shows a section along the line 14.114 of Fig. 18. In these views, the tail parts are shown plane instead of corrugated, for the sake of clearness in the drawings. Figs. 15-19 relate to the boat to which the framework of the aeroplane is attached. To describe these figures separately, Fig. 15 is a plan view of the boat as detached from the apparatus;

" Fig. 16 is a side elevation of the boat, sllowing the supporting wheels in position for ing in the direction of the arrows; the trailwheel and its support being shown in elevation and in the lowered position, as for. running on theground; Fig. 18 shows a trans- -Vv'erse-sectionthrough the boat along the' line 18-18 of Fig. 16, with the supporting wheels in.n position for running on the ground; and Fig. 19is a detail showing the `mode in whichthe supporting wheels may be folded up into the boat when it is desired to light on the water.

,v A represents the main framework of the machine, which consists substantially of a main central portion A', with two lateral extensions A2, from which lateral extensions theinner members B of the two wings are supported, as will be hereinafter described.

The main frame has also a rearward eXten- Ision A3, to whichthe tail members are connected, as will behereinafter described.

l The outer wing members C are connected to the inner wing members and to the main frame by a series of trusses, as will be hereinafter described; and the tail members. comprising the central tail member D and l.the outer tail members D and D2, are conof the wing members and of the tail members are accomplished by suitable gearing,

and other mechanism controlled by two hand wheels E and E', which are mounted in the main frame, and which may be conttrolled together, or singly, by the operator @as may be desired.

The main frame is mounted on any suitvable running support, such as the boat F,

'provided with the front wheels G and the rear or trail wheel G. The wing and tail members are preferably corrugated, as

shown in Figs. 1,. 2, 8, 9 and 10, conforming :to the construction of the feathers of a bird,

as will be hereinafter more fully described; and the hull of the boat is also preferably corrugated as shown, so as to secure the advantage of a fin keel construction in 'entering the water at a high speed, which would tend to steady the boat in the water, and also secure the similar, but less marked, results on the boat when the machine is flying through the air. f

vI represents the propeller, shown only in Fig. 1. The motive power may be of any suitable type, and not being a part of my invention is not. shown or described herein, such motive power being well known in the art.

yas by means of suitable bolts, but any other fastening means for securing the main frame to the platform may be adopted if desired.

The inner wing members B are preferably made of a corrugated plate of -thin metal, which is stiffened at the front and sides by suitable rods I) and 7). It may also be stiffened at the back if desired, and additional stiffening members may be .added wherever needed. This plate is corrugated in the form of V-shaped ridges, which spread out somewhat like the folds of a fan` as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and 8 and 9, the ridges being deeper at the front and terminating in the rear surface in a substantially flat portion, similar to the corrugations in the outer wing members C, as will be hereinafter more fully described.

The inner wing members B are each connected, as at l, to the rod 2 which is provided with a ball and socket joint 3, see Figs. 2, 3 and 5, in the bearing l of the lateral .extension A2 ,of the main frame A. The inner end of this rod 2 is connected, by a ball and socket joint 5, to the crank 6 on the shaft 7 which passes through the sleeve 7a, fast to the main frame, which shaft carries the gear 8, meshing with the worm 9 on the shaft 1 0, driven by the beveled pin- 4ion 11 and the beveled gear 12 `fast to the hand wheel 13. r

All the parts being symmetrically disposed on both sides of the device, it will only be necessary to describe one side.

The rod 2 is fastenedto the wings at 1 and 14,and serves as a brace for the vback of same; being bent up', as at 2, see Fig. 3 where' it enters the bearing 4, see Figs. 2 .and 5. The inner wing member B is provided on its outer edge with lugs 16 and 17, in which is journaled the bearing bar 18, to which the wing post 20 and the brace 21 therefor are connected. This post 20 forms the axis about which the outer wing member C rotates, and is connected to the rear' inner corner of the outer wing member by the brace 22, and to the outer and forward corner of the wing member C by the brace 23. The outer and inner edges of the wing member C are stifened by the tubes 25 and 26, respectively, and the

braces

27 and 28 form with the members 25 and 26 a frame, which is connected to the main post 20 by the

braces

29 and 30; the parts 20 to 30 inclusive forming a trussed construction by which the wing C is stiffened and supported',

and this trussed construction is connected by a ball and socket joint 31 to the truss 32, which is pivoted at 33 and 34 to the main frame, and is free to rock through a small .angle on said frame, permitting the outer wing member to be swung outward and inward, as will be hereinafter described.

l The head of the post 20 engages a sleeve 36, which is hinged, as at 36h, to the truss member 37, the inner end of which truss member is connected, as at 38, by a ball and socket joint to the main frame. I have shown this truss member 37 made of a series of rods 37, passing through andoheld apart by the disks 37"; but any suitable form of truss having the requisite tensile strength and sti'ness may be used if desired.

Thus it will be seen that the inner wing member B can be moved about a pivot 4, while the outer wing member can be swung laterally about the post 20, can be rocked about the bearing 31, 'and can be tilted from the tip inward because the head of the post 20 has a slight rocking motion, due to the hinge 36". The post 20, being hinged to the bearing bar 18, causes the wing member C to partake of an inward or outward movement with the wing member B, so that these two members are in a measure linked together and move together, forward or backward, causing the wing surface to be greater when the crank 6 is thrown forward, and

less when it is thrown rearward; and the center of lifting surface is moved forward` as the crank is thrown forward and moved rearward as the crank is turned rearward, as

will be hereinafter'more fully described.

The tail -consists of threemembers, the central member D and the two side members D and D2. The central member D is rigidly attached toy the tail post .40 by the bracket 41 and the braces 42, while the outer tail members D and D2 are pivotally connected to the tail post'40 by means of the brackets 43 and the braces 44. These braces 44 are furtherrconnected with the brackets 43 by the vertical rods 45, -provided with universal joint bearings 46 for the eccentric rods 47 ,which engage the eccentrics 48-on the shafts( 7, so that' as either shaft 7 is rotated the outer tail member is swung inward or outward, and alsoltilted, as will be hereinafter more fully described.

'.llhctail post 40 is fast to the yoke'50, which is carried bythe rod 51, journaledvin the tail member A8 of the main frame A, so that this tail post may be rocked about the aXis of said rodv 51 as a. pivot. rllhe tail post 40 is journaled near itsfupper end inthe cross bar60, .which is hinged at each end to one of the rods 6l, which are hinged tothe rods 2, -so that each'rod 61 is moved by the corresponding cra-nk 6 for thepurpose of moving/the tail post Land tail members,'as will be hereinafter described., f

Y The'tail piece A of the main frame A. carries a rod 70, to which the yoke 71 ishinged, as shown most clearly in4 Figs. 13l and 14; and this yoke is connected by the lwith the movements of the various other parts, as will be hereinafter more-fully described. V

lt will thus be seen that the central tail member swings laterally with the tail ost,

and has a compounded tilting motio due to the movement of the rods 61- and of the yoke 73, while the outer tail members also tilt up and down with the tail post 40, and

have a swinging movement laterally due to Y the movement of the rods 47 The tail members thus partake of three movements, due to the following agencies (1) the movement of the rods 61; (2) the movement of the yoke 73; and (3) the movement of the eccentric rods 47.

lt will be noted that the rotation of the shaft 7 moves the rod 2 and swings the inner member B, thereby also swinging the outer wing member C aboutv its ost 20; and the same motion of this shaft will also move the eccentric 48 and the eccentric rods 47 swinging the outer tail member backward or forward, as the case may be, about the tail post 40.- rlhis same movement of the shaft 7 will also pull'on the rod 61, tending to tilt the upper end of the tail post forward and to one side or the other, according to which llOO under the action of the rods, the lower end of the tail post 40 is guided by the yokes 71 and 73, and when both the wheels E and E are turnedl to give the same movement in lift for the wing members, allthree membersof the tail are tilted upward, as'shown in Fig. 7; whereas when it is desired to decrease the lifting eect of the wings, if both the hand wheels E and E be moved through the same anglethe three tail members. will be depressed, as shown in Fig. 4.v Any variations in the relative movement of the two hand wheels E and E will lcause the wing members on `the respective sides to be set at a` varying angle of lift, and will cause the tailV izo totwist or incline laterally, due to the compounding of the -movememts already described. l

" llt will also be seenthatfas either one ofv the shafts 7 -is rotated, the two wing members on that side will be swung in or out,

relative .to eacli other,in'cre asing or decreaswhile the tail might be spread or contracted,

and tilted up or down, or twisted, so that these several parts have a freedom of movement generally resembling the corresponding parts of a bird.

By having the wing members and tail members corrugated, as shown, the construction of the feathers of a bird is in ameasure imitated, and I believe greater stability in Hight and lifting power are secured thereby. By having the boat corrugated, as shown, greater stability in the water is secured, es-

pecially when moving rapidly, in either l lighting on or leaving the water, or in skimming along the water.

In addition to the longitudinal corrugations, the boat may be provided with secondarycorrugations transverse to the main corrugations similar to those shown on the wing surface in Fig. 8.

In order to place the w-heels in a safe and protected position, I provide the wheel vchambers 80 in the boat F, adapted to receive the wheels and their supporting mechanism', and the wheels are mounted on stub axles 81, which are connected to the yoke 82, and said yoke is connected by the hinged links 83 and 84C to the post 85, secured to the boat. The

upptir link 84- is turned to the horizontal position by means of the rod 86.

When in the vertical position shown in Fig. 19, we have an articulated joint, analo- 40 gous in its action tothe knee joint of a bird, and the wheel will be held rigidly, and yin the projected position; by simply turning on the hand crank 86 the joint may be broken and the parts swung to the'position indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 19.

n Having thus described the details of the various parts, and the various movements accomplished by-the hand wheels E and E',

respectively, which movements are similar 5c on each side of'the apparatus, I will now proceed to'describe the operation of the device/as a whole.

Fig. l shows a plan view of the complete apparatus in the normal flying position, with both wings extended equally, and

with the tail in the position for flying straight ahead.l This would be ordinarily the normal position of the parts of the apparatus when the aeroplane is flying ahead, or

e0 at rest on 'the` ground, or on the water, as

' the case may be.

' Now supposing the aeroplane to be at rest on the water, or on thel ground, and it bef desired to rise, .before starting the enginev turn both hand wheels E and E u ntil both cranks 6 project forward, as shown in Figs. 5 and 7. This will extend the two wings, as shown in Fig. 5, and at the same time will tilt the same upward, as shown in Fig. 7 and the same movement will cause the rod 61 to pull the cross bar 60 forward, tilting the tail up to the position shown in Fig. 7; now if the engine be started, the aeroplane will rise. Supposing the aeroplane to be in the air, and it be desired to descend, turn both hand wheels E and E in the opposite direction, reversing the positions of the two cranks 6 and causing the same to project to the rear, as shown in Fig. 2. This will cause the outer wing members to be drawn in relatively to the inner wing members, contracting the spread of the wings, as shown in Fig.

42, and at the same time will lessen the lift of the wings, as shown in Fig. 4; and simultaneously the rods 6l will push the cross bar 60 backward, turning the tail down, as.

.slowly to the side having the extended wing;

or the same result may be accomplished by leaving one wing constant and contracting the other wing, or if it is desired to turn quickly one wing may be extended and the opposite wing contracted. In any event, the-inertia of the machine would tend to cause its center" of gravity to continue forward in a straight line; but the resistance of the air on the extended wing, being greater than the resistance of the air on the contracted 4wing, would cause this inertia to swing that side of the machine having the contracted wing through an arc whose center lies on the side of the machine having the extended wing. This action is supplemented by the further fact that when the wing is extendedvit is at a greater angle of lift than when it is contracted; and the consequence is that the resistance of the air on the extended wing per unit of surface would be greater than the resistance of the air on the contracted wing, and thus the turning effect around the extended wing would bc still further accentuated, as is the case with birds.

A further analogy to the action of a bird results from the action of the tail when the 'wings are moved 'as stated. When either ing surface; while when the wings are contracted and set vfor descending, the tail surface will also be contracted and set for descending, and the total lifting surface will be decreased. Moreover when the front of both wings is simultaneously tilted up, as in rising, the rear of the tail is also tilted up by the action of the mechanism. as before described; also when the front of both of the wings is tilted down the rear of the tail is also tilted down, as in the'operation of descending already described. rlhus, not only will the liftv angle` be increased when the wings and tail are spread, but the lifting surface will be increased, and the machine is specially adapted for rising rapidly. @n the other hand, when the lift angle is decreased the wings and tail are both contracted, and the machinehas a tendency to settle while gliding downward, thus facilitating the speed and'ease with whichthe machine lights.

The downward glide can, of course, be

checked at any time by shifting the wings and tail toward the position for lifting.

It will thus be seen that I provide a machine having maximum area of surfacefor lifting, minimum area of surface for descending, and intermediate areas of surface for the normalv operation of continuous iying.

Now for the purposes of turning, if the wing on one side be extended there will be an extension of that side of the tail, and a slight tilting of the tail post toward the side corresponding to the wing so spread; while if the other wing is contracted the other side of the tail will be contracted, and

this twist of the tail will be augmented.

'Ihe result will be that the tail will supplement the turning effect of the out-stretched wing, causing the aeroplane to turn still faster about that wing.

It will be `obvious that by manipulating one hand wheel to lift, and the other hand wheel to descend, either simultaneously or alternately, the aeroplane may be balanced in the air, or if tilted from be restored to the level position.

I prefer to have the two hand wheels each independently operated. This may be done by either one or two? operators; or it might be possible to so connect .the hand wheels E and E by suitable` clutch or other mechanism that they might normally operate toconditions'of flying,

gether underl ordinary and may be each independently controlled if desired.

It will thus be seen that I provide an aeroplane in which the -wings may be each independently extended or contracted, or tilted up or down asfmay be desired, and in which the tail may be tilted up or down, extended or contracted, or -twisted in either direction as may be desired, following the any Acause may Y movements of a bird in soaring, the result being that the aeroplane may be caused to fly straight ahead, to rise or descend, to circle in either direction, or to be balanced to meet abnormal atmospheric or other conditions.

The corrugated surface of the wings and tail, I believe, will give better lifting eifect and will also tend to assist in the directive effect in the air of the machine, and in a measure compensate for erratic movement in steadying the same. It will be obvious, however, that the wing and tail surfaces may be i made arched or plane, or of any desired shape, without 'affecting certain fundamental principles of the mechanism herein-- before described.

`While I have shown the framing and bracing as of light skeleton tubular structure, any suitable form, or arrangement, of framework and bracing for `the several parts may be adopted, and I do not mean to limit myself to details of construction except as specified in the claims.

It will be obvious that various modifications might be madein the herein described apparatus, and in the construction, combination and arrangement of parts which could be used without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having thus described'my invention what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is z-f v l. In an aeroplane the combination with an extensible wing, of means for extending said wing and simultaneously increasing the lift angle of all portions of the wing, and for contracting said wing and simultaneously decreasing the lift angle of all portions of the wing, substantially as described.

2. In an aeroplane the combination with an extensible wing, lof a hand wheel and mechanism operated jthereby for extending said wing and simultaneously increasing the` lift angle of all portions of the wing, and for contracting said wing and simultaneously decreasing the lift angle of all portions of the wing, substantially as described.

'3. In an aeroplane the combination with a pair of extensible wings, of means for independently extending each 'wing and contracting same, and for simultaneously alter- A ing the lift angle of said wing, and a collaping the lift angleof said wing, said means comprisinghand wheels and mechanisrnoperated thereby for extending and lcontracting i said wings, and for tilting same, and a coll tively movable wing members, of means for simultaneously extending said wing members and simultaneously increasing the lift angle of each, and for simultaneously contracting said wing members and simultaneously decreasing the lift angle, substantially as described.

6. In an aeroplane the combination with an extensible wing, composed of two relatively movable wing members, of a hand wheel and mechanism operated thereby for simultaneously extending said wing members and simultaneously increasing the lift angle of each, and for simultaneously contracting said wing members and simultaneously decreasing the lift angle of each, substantially as described.l

7 In an aeroplane the combination with 4an extensible wing, composed of two relatively movable wing members, of a hand -wheel and mechanism operated thereby for extending said wing members and simultaneously increasing the lift angle, and for contracting said wing members and simultaneously decreasing the lift angle, substantially as described.

8. In an aeroplane the combination with a lpair of extensible wings, each composed of two relatively-movable wing members, of means for independently extending each wing and contracting same, and for simultaneously altering the lift angle of said wing, and a collapsible tail composed .of a plurality of members, with means automatically controlled by the operation of said wings forspreading or contracting, or raisingor lowering, or twisting said tail, substantially as described. v

9. In an aeroplane the combination with a pair of extensible wings, each composed of two relatively movable wing members, ofv

means for independently extending each wing and contracting same, and for simultaneously altering the lift angle of said wing, said means comprising hand wheels and mechanism operated thereby for extending and contracting said wings, and for tilting same, and a collapsible tail composed of a plurality of members, with means automatically controlled by said hand wheels incldent to the controllingof said wings, 'for spreading or contracting, raising or lowerlng, or twisting said tail, substantially as described.

10. In anI aeroplane the combination with a pair of extensible wings and an extensible each wing and contracting same, and for simultaneously altering the lift angle of said wing, said means also controlling the movements of said tail, substantially as described.

11. In an aeroplane the combination with a pair of extensible wings and an extensible tail, of means for independently extending each wing and contracting same, and for simultaneously altering the lift angle of said wing, said means also controlling the movements of said tail, and said -means comprising a hand wheel for each wing, and mechanism connecting said hand wheels to said wings and tail, and controlling the same, substantially as described.

12. In an aeroplane the combination with an -extensible wing, composed of twp relatively movable wing members, and a tail composed of a central member and two laterally movable side members, of means for simultaneously extending said wing members and said tail members and simultaneously increasing the lift angle of said wing members, and for simultaneously contracting said wing members and saidv tail members and simultaneously decreasing the lift angle of said wing members, substantially as described.

13. In an aeroplane the combination with an extensible wing, composed of two relatively movable wing members, and a tail composed of a central'member and two laterally movable side members, of hand wheels, with mechanism controlled thereby for simultaneously extending said wing members and said tail members and simultaneously increasing the liftangle of said wing members, and for simultaneously contracting said wing members and said tail members and simultaneously decreasing the lift angle of said wing members, substantially as described.

A14. In an aeroplane the combination with a pair of extensible wings,- and a tail composed of a central member and two laterally movable side members, of means for independently extending each wing and contracting same, and for simultaneously altering the lift angle of said wing, said means also automatically rcontrolling the corresponding tail members incident to the movement of the wings, substantially as described.

15. In an aeroplane the combination with a pair of extensible wings', each composed of a pair of wing members movably connected to the main frame of the machine and to each other, and a tail composed of a central member and two laterally movable side members, of means for independently extending each wing and contracting same, and for simultaneously altering the lift angle of said wing, said means also autonatically controlling the corresponding tail members incident to the movement of the wings, substantially as described.

16. ln an aeroplane the combination with a main frame and a pair of extensible wings, each composed of two relatively movable wing members, movably connected to said main frame and to each other, of means for independently extending each wing and contracting same, and for simultaneously increasing the vlift angle of all portions of said wing when it is extended, said means comprising hand wheels and mechanism operated thereby for extending and constructing said wings, and for tilting same, substantially as described. A

17. ln an aeroplane the combination with a pair Iof extensible wings, of means for independently extending each wing and contracting same, altering the lift angle of said wing, and a collapsible tail composed of. a plurality of members, with means automatically controlled by the operation of said wings for spreading or contracting, or raising orlowering, or twisting said tail, substantially as described.

18. In an aeroplane the combination with a pair of extensible wings, of means for independently extending each wing and contracting same, and for simultaneously altering the lift angle of said wing, said means comprising hand wheels and mechanism operated thereby for extending and contracting said wings, and for tilting same, and a collapsible tail composed of a plurality of members,1with means automatically controlled by said hand Wheels incident to the controlling of said wings, for spreading or contracting, raising or lowering, or twisting said tail, substantially as described.

19. Anaeroplane having its lifting surfaces in the form of ll-shaped corrugations, flattening outward toward the rear, substantially as described.

20. An aeroplane having its wings provided With lifting surfaces in the form of V- shaped corrugations, flattening outward toward the rear, substantially as described.

21. An aeroplane having its tail provided with lifting surfaces in the form of ll-shaped corrugations, flattening outward toward the rear, substantially as. described.

22. In an aeroplane the combination with an extensible wing, comprising an inner and an outer wing member, of means for extendand for simultaneously ing said wing and simultaneously increasing the lift angle, and for contracting said wing and simultaneously decreasing the lift anglekand also tilting the tip of the outer wing `member about the longitudinal axis of the wing, substantially vas described.

23;- ln an aeroplane the combination with 60 an extensible wing, comprising an inner and an outer wing member, of a hand wheel and mechanism operated thereby for extending said wing and simultaneously increasing the lift angle, and for contracting said wing and simultaneously decreasing the lift angle, and also 'tilting the tip of the outer' wing member about the longitudinal axis of the wing, substantially as described.

24;. In an aeroplane the combination with 70 a pair `of extensible wings each comprising inner and an outer wing member, of means for independently extending each wing and contracting same, and for simultaneously altering the lift angle of said wing, and also tilting the tip of the outer wing member about the longitudinal axis of the wing-substantially as described.

25. lin an aeroplane the combination with a pair of extensible wings each comprising an inner and an outer wing member,'of means `for independently extending each wing and contracting same, and for simultaneously altering the lift angle of said wing, and also tilting the tip of the outer wing member about the longitudinal axis of the wing, said means comprising hand wheels and mechanismv operated thereby for extending and contracting said wings, and for tilting same, substantially as described.

26. ln an aeroplane the combination witha pair of extensible win-gs each comprising an inner and an outer wing member, of means for independently extending each wing and contracting same, and for simultaneously altering the lift angle of said wing, and also tilting the tip of the outer wing member about the longitudinal axis of the wing, and a collapsible tail composed of a plurality of members, with means 101i automatically controlled when said wings are extended or contracted for raising or lowering, or twisting said tail, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof lllallix my signature. 10|'.-

CUMPTON RIELY.