US1195673A - Bedthold grtjeer - Google Patents
Bedthold grtjeer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1195673A US1195673A US1195673DA US1195673A US 1195673 A US1195673 A US 1195673A US 1195673D A US1195673D A US 1195673DA US 1195673 A US1195673 A US 1195673A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lactic acid
- parts
- esters
- cellulose
- varnishes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 60
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 44
- 150000003903 lactic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 44
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 30
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 30
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 30
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 28
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229940081735 acetylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 12
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 10
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl lactate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229960000448 Lactic acid Drugs 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940072049 amyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid Chemical compound OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 6
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Camphor Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(=O)CC1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960000846 Camphor Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229920002160 Celluloid Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 4
- 229930007890 camphor Natural products 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241001608519 Bursera fagaroides Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000016649 Copaifera officinalis Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004859 Copal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011158 Prunus mume Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000002546 Prunus mume Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000736873 Tetraclinis articulata Species 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 halogen carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl chloride Chemical group ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
Definitions
- varnishes prepared therefrom possess various disadvantages, which have created a desire for other solvents.
- varnishes, lacquers, or the like can be obtained with the aid of esters of lactic acid in conjunction with hydrocarbons, and especially aromatic hydrocarbons.
- These varnishes or the like obtained with the use of hydrocarbons show specially favorable properties.
- varnishes made from lactic acid ester and alcohol give a rough, irregular or nonuniform coating, this is not the case with the varnishes obtained with hydrocarbons and lactic acid esters; with these, smooth and uniform coatings are obtained.
- This advantage is particularly found in the case of arcmatic hydrocarbons, but it also applies partially with the nonearomatic hydrocarbons,
- the nitrocellulose is partly precipitated again, and coatings made with such a solution are irregular or non-uniform. If the solution is allowed to stand it solidifies after some time to a thick, useless, gelatinous mass. This occurs after a few days, according to the temperature. If,on .the'v other hand, 5' parts of nitrocellulose are dissolved in 36 parts of lactic acid ester, for example ethyl lactate, and 78 arts of xylene are" added, one obtains a thin y fluid, mobile solution Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Alig. 22, 1918,
- the quantity of the aromatic diluent can be further conslderably increased without the separation occurring which takes place with amyl acetate.
- solutions have been made according to the followin proportions of mixture: 5 parts nitrocefiulose, 36 parts ethyl lactate, 96' parts xylene; also 5 parts nitrocellulose, 36 parts ethyl lactate, and 114 parts xylene.
- the quantity of xylene can even be still further considerablyincreased without a separation taking place in the varnish, lacquer or the like.
- esters of lactic acid instead of the ethyl ester of lactic acid other esters of lactic acid can be employed, and instead of xylene the other aromatic hydrocarbons, as for example toluene and benzene can be emsuitable for this purpose, can of course be also used within the ambit of the present invention.
- thelactic acid esters are excellent solvents for resins such as are used in the roduction of varnishes, lacquers and the li e and are suitable for this purpose.
- resins such as are used in the roduction of varnishes, lacquers and the li e and are suitable for this purpose.
- colop hony, shellac, copals, and'similar resins dissolve readily, and one can thus in a similar way also prepare varnishes, lacquers, or the like containing besides the cellulose derivatives these resins or containing the latter alone.
- These substances may be generally referred to as substances suitable for varnish purposes.- 'n. v
- the celluloid-like masses from acidyl celluloses also dissolve in lactic acid esters; in this case also, considerable quantities of various resins, or-other substances, may be added, for example cam her or camphor substitutes, such as are suitailile for varnish purposes.
- diluents may within a wide range have suitable diluents added to them.
- diluents for many purposes it is preferable to use such diluents as do not mix with water, for example hydrocarbons, halogen carbon compounds, ethers, or mixtures of these bodies; also acetone and alcohols alone or mixed, for some purposes in admixture with the first mentioned diluents.
- Such resin solutions may be obtained b dissolving one part by weight of copal 0 sandarac orcolophony in two parts by weight. of lactic acid ester, which can readily be I done.
- Y Shellac also dissolves easily, but in this case it is of advantage to take somewhat more ester, for example, four parts of ester to one part'of shellac.
- a rocess for manufacturing solutions of varmshes or the like from-the esters of cellulose which consists in dissolving the said esters in a mixture of a lactic acid ester and hydrocarbons, and in the absence of large quantities of alcohol.
- a process for manufacturing solutions of varnish or the like from the esters of cellulose which consists in dissolving 'said esters in a lactic acid ester, and diluting the said solution with hydrocarbons.
- a solution of varnish or the like comprising an ester of cellulose dissolved in a lactic acid ester and a hydrocarbon, and. free from large quantities-of alcohol.
- a solution of varnish or the like comprising an ester of cellulose dissolved in an ester of lactic acid and having a hydrocarbon diluent.
- a solution of varnish or the like comprisin nitrocellulose dissolved in an ester of lactic acid and a hydrocarbon.
- a process for the manufacture of solutions of varnishes or the like and nitrocellulose which consists in dissolvin the said nitrocellulose in a mixture of lactic acid ester, and adding substances suitable for varnish purposes, substantially as described and set forth.
- a solution of varnishes or the like comprising an ester of cellulose dissolved in --a lactic acid ester and a hydrocarbon, and free from large quantities of alcohol, and
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Description
as an anion.
REINHQLD GR'UTER, OF CHABLOTTENIBURG, GERMANY.
VARNISH, LACQUER, on THE LIKE AND rnoonss or MAKING SAME.
No Drawing.
To all whom it may concern:
most exclusively used as the solvent. The varnishes prepared therefrom possess various disadvantages, which have created a desire for other solvents.
It has been found that excellent nitrocellulos'eor celluloid-containing varnishes, lacquers, or the like can be obtained with the aid of esters of lactic acid in conjunction with hydrocarbons, and especially aromatic hydrocarbons. These varnishes or the like obtained with the use of hydrocarbons show specially favorable properties. For exam ple, varnishes made from lactic acid ester and alcohol give a rough, irregular or nonuniform coating, this is not the case with the varnishes obtained with hydrocarbons and lactic acid esters; with these, smooth and uniform coatings are obtained. This advantage is particularly found in the case of arcmatic hydrocarbons, but it also applies partially with the nonearomatic hydrocarbons,
, for example benzin. With the benzins, however, the solutions can not be diluted to so great an extent as with the aromatic hydrocarbons. It has further been found that a greater amount of the aromatic hydrocarbons can be added to the solution of nitrocellulose in lactic acid esters than when one starts with amyl acetate as solvent. The 40 following comparative experiments show this: If one dissolves fiveparts of nitrocellulose in 36 parts amyl acetate (parts in all cases means parts by weight) and thenadds 7 8 parts of xylene, stirring well of. course,
the nitrocellulose is partly precipitated again, and coatings made with such a solution are irregular or non-uniform. If the solution is allowed to stand it solidifies after some time to a thick, useless, gelatinous mass. This occurs after a few days, according to the temperature. If,on .the'v other hand, 5' parts of nitrocellulose are dissolved in 36 parts of lactic acid ester, for example ethyl lactate, and 78 arts of xylene are" added, one obtains a thin y fluid, mobile solution Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Alig. 22, 1918,
Application filed November 15, 1913. Serial No. 801,292.
which does not show a separation or gelatinization either at once or after a long period of keeping;
It has even been found that the quantity of the aromatic diluent can be further conslderably increased without the separation occurring which takes place with amyl acetate. For example, solutions have been made according to the followin proportions of mixture: 5 parts nitrocefiulose, 36 parts ethyl lactate, 96' parts xylene; also 5 parts nitrocellulose, 36 parts ethyl lactate, and 114 parts xylene. The quantity of xylene can even be still further considerablyincreased without a separation taking place in the varnish, lacquer or the like. Instead of the ethyl ester of lactic acid other esters of lactic acid can be employed, and instead of xylene the other aromatic hydrocarbons, as for example toluene and benzene can be emsuitable for this purpose, can of course be also used within the ambit of the present invention.
It has also been found that thelactic acid esters are excellent solvents for resins such as are used in the roduction of varnishes, lacquers and the li e and are suitable for this purpose. Thus, for example, colop hony, shellac, copals, and'similar resins dissolve readily, and one can thus in a similar way also prepare varnishes, lacquers, or the like containing besides the cellulose derivatives these resins or containing the latter alone. These substances may be generally referred to as substances suitable for varnish purposes.- 'n. v
The new process is therefore of particu- "715 ployed. Also, mixtures of the difierentlaclar value, because by its aid it is possible to produce the varnish, lacquer, or like so-:
lutions with great cheapness; for firstly the lactic acid esters are, themselves chea and,
secondly, considerable quantities o arematic hydrocarbons can be'used withthem, wherebythe cost is still further reduced."
The possibility of using such large quan-' bons do not need to be added in a pure state,-
solutions on the basis of the organic cellulose esters can also be produced even in' h1gh concentration, because the dissolving capacity of the lactic acid esters is also very great for the said cellulose esters. Likewise, as with celluloid, which, as is well known, is
' composed of nitrocellulose and camphor,
the celluloid-like masses from acidyl celluloses also dissolve in lactic acid esters; in this case also, considerable quantities of various resins, or-other substances, may be added, for example cam her or camphor substitutes, such as are suitailile for varnish purposes.
The solutions thus obtained may within a wide range have suitable diluents added to them. For many purposes it is preferable to use such diluents as do not mix with water, for example hydrocarbons, halogen carbon compounds, ethers, or mixtures of these bodies; also acetone and alcohols alone or mixed, for some purposes in admixture with the first mentioned diluents.
Examples: Solutions and varnishes, la'cquers or the like can be made by-bring ing together the following quantities: 1.
10 part by weight of acetyl cellulose, 50 parts .by volume of ethyl lactate, 30 partsby' volume of benzene. 2. 10 arts by weight of acetyl cellulose, 50 parts y volume of lactic acid ester, 30 parts by volume of tri'chlorethylene, 20. parts by volume of alcohol. 3.
10 parts by weight of acetyl cellulose, 50 parts by volume of lactic acid ester, 50 parts by volume of chloroform. 4. 10 parts b weight of acetyl cellulose, parts by vo ume of lacticacid ester, 20 parts b volume of absolute or commercial alcoho. 5. 10 parts by weight of acetyl cellulose, 4.0 parts by volume of lactic'acid ester, 20 parts by volume of acetone; If it is desired to add resins to these solutions, these resins can first be easily dissolved in lactic acid ester and the desired amount of this solution can be added to the cellulose ester solutions. Such resin solutions may be obtained b dissolving one part by weight of copal 0 sandarac orcolophony in two parts by weight. of lactic acid ester, which can readily be I done. Y Shellac also dissolves easily, but in this case it is of advantage to take somewhat more ester, for example, four parts of ester to one part'of shellac.
Of the organic cellulose esters the acetyl cellulose is at pfesent the most important; the cellulose esters of any other organic the like possessing advantageous proper-' ties 'n the respect above mentioned. These 7 acids may however equally well be taken,
for example those of formic acid, benzoic quers, varnishes or the like in the cold they can be obtained with application of heat.
What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A rocess for manufacturing solutions of varmshes or the like from-the esters of cellulose, which consists in dissolving the said esters in a mixture of a lactic acid ester and hydrocarbons, and in the absence of large quantities of alcohol.
2. A process for manufacturing solutions of varnish or the like from the esters of cellulose, which consists in dissolving 'said esters in a lactic acid ester, and diluting the said solution with hydrocarbons.
3. A process for the manufacturing of solutions of varnishes or the like from the esters of cellulose, which consists in dissolving said esters in a lactic acid ester.
4; A process for the manufacture of solutions of varnishes or the like from nitrocellulose in a mixture of lactic acid ester and h drocarbons.
5-. rocess for the manufacture of solutions 0 varnishes or the'like from nitrocellulose, which consists in dissolving the nitrocellulose in a lactic acid ester.
6. A solution of varnish or the like, comprising an ester of cellulose dissolved in a lactic acid ester and a hydrocarbon, and. free from large quantities-of alcohol.
7 A solution of varnish or the like, comprising an ester of cellulose dissolved in an ester of lactic acid and having a hydrocarbon diluent.
8. A solution of varnish or the like, comprisin nitrocellulose dissolved in an ester of lactic acid and a hydrocarbon.
9. A solution of varnish or the like, comprising nitrocellulose dissolved in a lactic quantities of alcohol.
10. A process for manufacturing solutions of varnishes-or the like from the esters of cellulose, which consists in dissolvin the 'said esters in a mixture of lactic acid ester and hydrocarbons, in the absence of large uantitiesof alcohol, and adding thereto su stances suitable for varnish purolstels, substantially as described and set 11 A process for manufacturing solutions of varnishes or the like from the esters of cellulose, which consists in dissolvingsaid esters in a lactic acid ester, and diluting the solution with substances suitable for varnish purposes, substantially as described and set forth. I
12. A process for the manufacture of solutions of varnishes or the like and nitrocellulose, which consists in dissolvin the said nitrocellulose in a mixture of lactic acid ester, and adding substances suitable for varnish purposes, substantially as described and set forth.
13. A solution of varnishes or the like, comprising an ester of cellulose dissolved in --a lactic acid ester and a hydrocarbon, and free from large quantities of alcohol, and
containing substances suitable for varnish purposes, substantially as described and set forth.
comprising nitrocellulose dissolved in an ester of lactic acid and a hydrocarbon, and containing substances suitable for varnish purposes, substantially as described and set forth.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
REINHOLD GRUTER. Witnesses HENRY HASPER, WOLDEMAB HAUPT.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US1195673A true US1195673A (en) | 1916-08-22 |
Family
ID=3263618
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US1195673D Expired - Lifetime US1195673A (en) | Bedthold grtjeer |
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US (1) | US1195673A (en) |
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- US US1195673D patent/US1195673A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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