US1195269A

US1195269A - Befbigebating-machine

Info

Publication number: US1195269A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1916-08-22
Anticipated expiration: 1933-08-22

Description

J. D. ROSS.

REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

APPLmATloN msn SEPT. e. 19:3.

2 SHEETS- SHEET l.

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Jaw/E5 /POJJ AnaB/vers Patented Aug. 22, 1916.

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J. D. ROSS.

REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

APPLICAHON FILED SEPT. 6. |913.

Patented A110. 22, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

wpd ULg/3 ATTORNEYS JAMES D. ROSS, 0F SEATTLE, WASLHINGTON.

nEFBIGEnATING-MACHINE.'

Specication of Letters Patent. Patented Allg".4 22, 1916.

Application led September 6, 1913. Serial No. 788,390.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, JAMES D. Ross, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Seattle, in the county of King and State of Washington, have invented a new and Improved Refrigerating-Machine, of which theI following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to refrigerating systems of that type wherein the cooling is effected by the evaporation of a liquefied gas or the expansion of a compressed gas.

At the present time the only eflicient refrgerants are very offensive, and in some instances poisonous, and heretofore it has been practically impossible to design and install a refrigerating system adapted for use in residences and business places because of the constant attention required to maintain the system gas-tight. i

lt is one of the objects of the present invention to provide an extremely simple, durable and efficient refrigerating system which automatically maintains a substantially uniform temperature and which does not require the care of an attendant except only occasionally for the purpose of inspection to see that the apparatus is operating atvits best efciency.

The place where leakage is most serious in present systems is at the pump or compressor, and to overcome all chances ofleakage the present system contemplates the complete incasing of the pump and means for operating the same, so that there is positively no leakage of gas. The pump maybe of reciprocating or centrifugal type, and the shaft thereof 1s preferably connected with the rotor of an induction motor. The pump and rotor of the motor are incased, and the sulfur dioxid, ammonia or other refrigerant is free to pass to the chamber inclosing the rotor, but leakage from such chamber to the atmosphere is absolutelyprevented. The inclosing casing for the motor may be so designed as to include the stator as well as the rotor, as the refrigerant is anhydrous, and

consequentlyrusting of the machine will notl take place, and the windings for the rotor.

lcan be suitably protected to withstand theefi'ect of the gas.

Another object of the invention is the provision of simple and effective means for controlling the starting, stopping and running of the motor in such a manner that the system' will maintain a practically unl- .form temperature in the chamber or building intended to be cooled, there being used 1n connection with the motor controlling means, a dev-ice for opening yand closing a flow of cooling water for the condensing coilv of the system, so that when the motor is stoppedor started the cooling Water will be cut oil or turned on.

An` additional object is the employment of an aspirator in series with the centrifugal pump and cooling coil, whereby `the continually pumped. liquid sulfur dioxid, ammonia or other refrigerant, will entrap vapor and draw it out of the refrigerating coil and cause condensation of the vapor by the illtermingling of the latter with the liquid in the condensing coil.

With such objects in view, and others as will appear as the description proceeds, the invention comprises various novel features of construction and yarrangement of parts which will be fully set forth in the following description and claims appended hereto.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate certain embodiments of the invention, and wherein similar reference characters are employed to designate correspond- `the top or wall of a refrigerator or a room to be cooled, there being within the refrigerator' or vroom a refrigerating coil B, which has the end 1 connected with a condensing coil 2 and the other end 3 connected with an aspirator C. A pipe 4 leads from the pipe 1 at a point between the coils B and 2 to a centrifugal pump D, the rotary element 5 of which 1s secured to a'shaft 6 thatis driven 'by an induction motor E, The rotor 7 of the inductionfmotor is secured directly to the shaft 6, which latter is journaled in bearings 8 and 9. Surrounding the rotor is a stator 10 having energizing windings 11. The pump D is provided with a gas-tight casing 12 and the rotor 7 is inclosed in a gas-tight casing 13.

Both of said casingshave openings 14 and` 15, respectively, through which the shaft 6 u so ' ings 32 .and of the circuit-closing sole -r-noid F,

suchwindmgs

32 and 33 being confreely extends. The gaseous refrigerant is free to pass from the casing 12 into the casing 13, and as the bearings 8 and 9 are disposed respectively in the

casings

12 and 13, the shaft does not require paclings or stuffing boXes, since such shaft does not extend through the outer walls of the said casings. By this means it is obvious that there is no chance for the refrigerant to escape -into the atmosphere and become a menace to health. The centrifugal pump D is of any desired type, so that the details of construction need not be explained; and this pump is provided with a nozzle 16 which is disposed within the-chamber of the aspirator C. This chamber 17 has a conical wall 18 provided with an expanding port or nozzle passage 19, and the contracted tip of the nozzle 16 is disposed close to and in alinement with the port 19. The pump draws the condensed refrigerant from the condensing coil 2 through the pipe 4,- and this liquid is discharged through the nozzle 16, which creates a suction in the chamber 17, and as such'chamber 17 is connected with the vaporizing or expansion coil B, the vapor from the latter is drawn out and caused to mingle with the liquid sulfur dioxid, and is consequently condensed in the coil 2. A contraction or choked passage 20 is pro vided in the pipe 1 at a point between the coil B and branch 4, and the liquid sulfur dioxid under high pressure abruptly eX- pands in entering the coil B, and in eXpansion absorbs heat units from the air surrounding the coil, in a manner well known. l The condensing coil 2, as well as part 0f the aspirator C, is cooled in any suitable manner, as for instance, by being inclosed in' a chamber 2l through which water flows. This chamber has a supply pipe 22 and a discharge pipe 23, and in the supply pipe is a valve 24 which is adapted to automatically open and close as conditions require. The opening and closing of this valve are effected synchronously with the starting and stopping of the motor E, and, furthermore, these operations are accomplished preferably automatically, as by means of a thermostat located in the chamber which is cooled by the refrigerating system. Hence, as shown in Fig. 1, the cooled chamber is provided with' a thermostat 25 which `is adapted to engage liXed contacts 26 and 27 at predetermined low and high temperature limits. The thermostat 25 is connected by a wire 28 with a supply main 29, and the .contacts 26 and 27 are connected respectively tov wires 30 and 31 which are in turn respectively connected wlth the sections or windnected by a wire-34 with the other supply main 35. The solenoid F has a core 36 that carries a bridging contact 37 adapted'to engage contacts 38 and 39. The contact 38 is connected with the supply main 29, and the Y v the induction motor E. The other terminal of the iield windings of the motor is connected by a wire 41^with the supply mains 35. When the temperature in the cooled chamber rises, the thermostat 25 engages the contact 27 and current then flows through that circuit -in which the winding 33 of the solenoid is included. The circuit closer for the motor is consequently closed so that the motor will start and cause the refrigerant tov be pumped through the system. When the cooled chamber is lowered in temperature to the required limit the thermostat 25 will engage the contact 26 and thereby close the circuits in which thewinding 32 of the solenoid is included, such winding causing the motor circuit closer to be opened, so that the pump will be stopped. The contacts 26 and 27 are connected respectively by

wires

42 and 43 with sections 44 and 45 of the currents will not be set up therein, but if a conductive material is used it should be of such high'resistance that the losses due to eddy currents will be practically m7.

In Fig. 2 a modification is shown with respect to the pump D between the condens- Y ing coil 2 and refrigerating coil B. The pump is shown as a multi-stage centrifugal pump which serves to cause an effective circulation of the liquid and gaseous refrigerant without need of an aspirator. This pump is shown diagrammatically, but it is to be understood that a pump of any suitable design will be satisfactory.

The modification shown in Fig. 3 resides solely in the use of a gas-tight casing or housing 13 for inclosing the-entire motor, that is to say, the rotor and stator. As the refrigerant is anhydrous it has no injurious effects on the parts of the motor and the coils can be suitably protected so as not to be the invention appertains', and while I have.

described the principle of operation, to-

' gethe'r with the apparatus which I now con- Sider to'bethe' best embodiment thereof, I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is merelyillustrative, and that such changes may be made when desired as are within the scope of the appended l claims.

Havinng thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. A refrigerating machine comprising a,

condensing coil, an expansion coil, an-ex pansion means between the coils for causing the refrigerant to expand, in entering the coil,-a pump having its suction e expansion side connected between the .said means and condensing coil, an aspirator between the e delivery side ofthe pump and the condensing coil, and a connection between the eX-' pansion coil and aspirator wherebyI the lat- 25 ter draws o the lexpanded gas from' the` former. I 2. A refrigerating machine comprising a condensing coil, an expansion coil into which refrigerant from the condensing coil eX- pands, a rotary pump connected with both coils, and an aspirator connected with the discharge Lend of the expansioncoil and reoei-ving' end of the condensing coil, and also connected withthe pump, whereby the iiuidl discharged from the latter will draw the expanded gasl from the-expansion coil.

Inv testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. y

JAMES D'RQSS. Witnesses: l i

W. J. MGKEEN,

L. H. Rosie.