US1193786A

US1193786A - holliday

Info

Publication number: US1193786A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1916-08-08
Anticipated expiration: 1933-08-08

Description

A. HOLLIDAY.

ELECTROLYTIC APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUOR FOR BLEACHING AND OTHER PURPOSES.

APPLICATION FILED DEC- 22, I9I5 l 1 93,786 Patented Aug. 8, 1916.

3 SHEETSSHEET I- I I IIII IIII IIII IIIII n? I I I I I 5 I I IgH 1I r- I I I I' I I 1| 1 I I I hfflfxf f x/ Q IZ I I III|'II IIIIIII I I A. HOLLIDAY. LECTROLYTIC APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUOR FOR BLEACHING AND OTHER PURPOSES. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 22, 1915.

l ,1 93,766. Y Patented Aug. 8, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2- A. HOLLIDAY.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 22, 1935.

1 1 93,786. Patented Aug. 8, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

' To-all whom it may concern:

5 of London,

\ ALBERT HOLLIDAY, or wIM'BLEnon, LONDON, ENGLAND.

ELECTROLYTIC APPARATUS FOR.

Specification of Letters Patent. I

THE PRODUCTION or LIQUOR non BLEAcHInG AND OTHER ironrosns.

' Patented Aug; 8, 1916.

. Application filed December 22, 1915. Serial No. 68,135.

Be it known thatl, ALnnn'r subjectland, residing at Wimbledon, in the county vented certain new and useful Improvements. in Electrolytic Apparatus for the Production of- Liquor for Bleaching and other Purposes, of which the following is a Specification.

This invention relates to improvements in electrolytic apparatus for the production of liquor for bleaching and other purposes.

7 The invention refers more particularly to apparatus of the kind in which'the electrodes are built up in an insulating frame in spaced and parallel relationship to each other and with the alternate elements connected to a pair of common terminals, the

said unit being portable and independent of the trough or vat containing the liquor in which .it is immersed.

The primary object of the present inven tion is to, provide apparatus of the above kind suitable for the employment of a large current at a low voltage and which is distinguished by the arrangement of the electrodes in the frame so that any one can be removed without loosening or removing the others. 7

Another object is to provide apparatus of the above kind in which the method of connecting the lugs to the top frame member is such as to prevent the corrosion of the metal studs and fittings.

Another object is to PIOXldG apparatus of the above kind having a removable protec tive cover for the bus bars and terminal fittings.

A further object is to provide apparatus of the above kind in which the frame is of improved construction having a deflecting late to insure elfi'cient circulation of the iquid in which it is immersed.

5 In order that the invention may be clearly understood and more readily carried into effect it is hereinafter described with reference 'to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of one convenient construction of a multi-polar electrode unit; Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line 22 of the preceding figure; Fig. 3 is a plan view, and Fig. 4 is a general plan view illustrating one con- HOLLIDAY, a of His v Majesty the King of Eng Kingdom of England, have invenient manner of arranging such a unit in a brine trough.

As shown each unlt comprises a portable or removable fralne a of ac1d proof nonconductlng material which is suitably formed to receive a plurality of graphite, carbon or other electrodes, 1) indicating the one set and o the other set. The electrodes 6 and o are arranged in closely spaced and parallel relationship to each other and are electrically connected up in sets by\means ofintcgrally formed elongated lugs f and metal studs h to a pair of common bus bars I) and (1 respectively each carrying a common terminal 7) 0 This arrangement, owing to the equal effective area of electrode surface exposed, enables each set of electrodes to be used, in the'known manner,

either as anodes or cathodes by simply connecting up the two terminals b c to the reverse poles of the supply circuit. This feature is of special, advantage when the cathodes become coated with deposit as it is not necessary'to remove or scrape them as by simply reversing the flow of the current the deposit can be almost instantly dislodged and deposited into the bottom of the trough. The electrodes are arranged in grooves (Z in the side frame bars and also in other grooves 0 in a bottom bar or stand 6 which is adapted to be arranged in tongue and groove or other sliding engagement with the inside of the side standards of the frame a to permit of its being removed should it be desired to remove any one .of the electrodes. It is thus possible to remove an electrode from the bottom of the frame, when the latter has been removed from the trough, without having to take off the top plate a of the frame a or to disconnect the bus bar and all of the contacts as is usually necessary with the known apparatus in use.

The elongated connecting lugs f of the electrodes b and 0 which carry the cur rent from the bus bars are preferably coated with an acid proof solution and theninclosed as has previously been suggested in a sheath 9 of acid proof non-conducting material to prevent disintegration and also to prevent the creeping up of the electrolyte and the corrosion of the metalstuds h, and fittings, which would otherwise occur. In the present invention a rubber washer i is also used between the upper ends of the lugs and the top plate a of the frame to insure a liquid 11o tight joint. Between the two bus bars I) I and from the negative electrodes caustic soda and hydrogen. Owing to the use of a heavy current density such as 600 amps. at 4volts for a 150 gallon apparatus, the hydrogen is given off rapidly to the atmosphere in the form of molecular bubbles on the upper surface of the electrolyte and therefore does not come in contact with the hypochlorite thus 7 formed by the free admixture of the chlorin gas and caustic soda, as the chlorin gas being in gaseous form and aided by the convection which is set up by the rise in temperature of the liquor between the electrodes, rapidly rises to near the surface and is dis pelled all over the surface of the liquor which absorbs it. This absorption of the chlorin gas is facilitated according to the present invention owing to the distance of the upper edge of the electrodes below the surface level of the liquor and by the sheathing of the connecting lugs as before described. The circulation is also assisted by v the provision of a depending deflecting plate Z on the terminal plate a of the frame a and by the provision of cooling coils m at the opposite ends of the trough or vat is.

It will be understood that as it is the distance between theelectrodes that determines or governs the current that can be used, in order to workat a low voltage it is desirable to keep the distance separating the electrodes within the limits of half an inch for large or small units, but for large units the thickness of the material forming the electrodes would preferably be increased, and the surface and number of the electrodes increased in proportion.

What I claim is.:.

l. Electrolytic apparatus for the production of liquor for bleaching and other purposes comprising a portable frame adapted to be inserted in a receptacle containing the solution, said fraine having a top bar and a removable lower support, a plurality of 'elecposes comprising a portable frame adapted .to be inserted in a receptacle containing the trodes independently connected to and de pending from. said top barand normally resting u on said lower support so as to permit 0 any separate electrode being removed from the frame when the lower support is displaced.

2. Electrolytic apparatus for the production of liquor forbleaching and other pursolution, said frame having a top bar and a removable lower support, a plurality of electrodes independently connected to and depending from said top bar so as. to normally rest upon said lower support and to permit ,of the separate detachment of any electrode when the lower bar is removed said electrodes for this purpose being secured to the top plate by means of metal studs and theuppr ends ofthe electrodes and the said top plate.

3. Electrolytic apparatus for the production of liquor for bleaching and other purposes comprising a portable frame adapted to be inserted in a receptacle containing the solution, said frame having a fixed top bar and a removable lower support, a plurality of electrodes forming anodes and cathodes and detachably connected to anddepending from said top bar so as to normally rest-upon said lower support, metal studs nuts, and rubber washers for connecting the said electrodes to the said top bar, a pair of common bus bars connected respectively to the anodes and cathodes terminal fittings on said bus bars and a protective cover for inclosing the bus bars and the terminal fittings.

4:. Electrolytic apparatus forthe pr0duction of liquor for bleaching and other purposes comprising a portable frame adapted to be inserted in a receptacle containing the solution, said frame having a top bar and a removable lower support, a plurality of elec- 100 trodes forming anodes and cathodes and detachably and independently connected to and depending from said top bar so as to normally rest upon said lower support, elongated lugs on said electrode arranged in 105 series for the anodes and cathodes and a deflecting plate arranged between the two v 1 series of the lugs and serving to assist in the.

circulation of the liquid in the vessel.

' In testimony whereof I have hereunto 110 signed my name to this specification.

' ALBERT HOLLIDAY.

having a rubber washer interposed between