US1189961A - Apparatus for grading and quantitatively determining comminuted materials. - Google Patents

Description

N 6. JOHNSON) APPARATUS FOR GRADING AND QUANTIIATIVELY DETERMINING COMMINU TED MATERIALS.

APPLICATION FILED MA! 5,1935- Patented J uly 4' w/ M m .plied to all, if desir'efdr;

UNITED STAT-Es PATENT o F cE. v,

NATHAN o. JOHNSON, or nNGLnwoon NEw JERSEY, ASSIGNOR r0 CONCRETE APPLI- ANCES COMPANY IN (14, 01? NEW YORK, N. 'Y., ACORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

APPARATUS ,ron GRADING AND To allwhomz'tmtiy concern: Be .it knownthat I, NATHAN CLARKE Joiixsox, a resident of the; city of Englewood, county of Bergen, State of New Jersey. have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Apparatus for Grading and Quantitat-ively Determining Commiiiuted Materials, of which the following is a description and specification.

My invention relates to new anduseful apparatus whereby comminuted materials, such sand, or crushedrock, or, ores, or particles of coinminuted material" of any description, may be readily separated into gradings of known size, such would pass through, or be retained upon sieves of known, or standard openings ina more rapid and effective manner than would be obtainable in fapparatus of atype other than that herein described; and in addition-to obtaining, this rapid and effective separation and grading,{this apparatus alsorenders possiblethe quantitative determination of the various separations, with maximum facility and minimum of error, where such quantitative determination may be de sired. It is not essential to the apparatus, or tothe operation thereof, that devices for such quantitative determinations be attached thereto, such uses beingdesirable in certain specific operations, thou 'h they may be ap- One object of my invention is to facilitate the screening or grading, or separation of comminuted materials, such as ores or crushed rock, or sand,,so that notonly shall the screening, or separation be more etl'e'c- -tive but also that itsliall be accomplished more quickly and with less de 'iendence-upon the personal skill of the o] vidual than is usually the case.

Another object'of my invention is to pr vide in simple, portableform an effectiveapparatus whereby the screening, or grading. or separation of comminutedmaterials o whatever kind or description may be rapidly and efficiently accomplished without dependence upon the skill of the operative for proper results.

Another object of my invention is to proride an a pparatus in either'portable, or i1oiiportable form, whereby the grading, or screening, or separation of'comminuted materials of whatever, nature may be rapidly specification of Letters Patent.

crating indi- I and efficiently accomplished,regardless of the moisture content of the comminutedmaportable form, whereby the screeningfgrad- 'ing, or separation of'comminuted materials,

such ascrushedrock, or sand,-or such inaterlals as may be used as the fine aggredependence upon the skill of the operator of the apparatus, or upon the manipulation thereof; and which sliallfin addition to sep- QUANTITATIVELY DETERMINING COMMINUTED I inn-manna, I Y I Patented July 4, 1916. Application filed Kay 5,1915. Seria1No.26,147. I I

'terials, or of the relative proportions of one grade, or degree of comminution, to the gate of concrete, may be quickly and eifiv .ciently accomplished, with the minimum of arating or gradina the aforesaidcommi nuted material provide means for determining the proportions ofthe several gradings of material with reference to the whole,

regardless of theeXact volume or weight of the whole, withinreasonable limits,or of the moisture content ofthe sample ofcom- ,ininuted*materiahas chosen.

In carrying out the ob ects of my invention, as above described, Iemploy means such as are illustrated in the five figures of the accompanying drawing.

, In this drawing, Figurel sh owsyav sectional. elevation of the apparatus in position for effecting the separation of the comminuted material. Fig.2 shows a planfview of the same. Fig. 3shows an elevat on of the same, together with theattachment-s and appurtenances for determining the proporvolume of the whole sample of material.

'tions ofeachgrading of the mate'rialto the such determinations being read directly in chosen for the determination; I

As will be seen from Fig. 1, the'apparatus consists essentially of atube, A, of appropriate diameter and length and of-pr'oper material, such as brass, carryingwithin it by proper means a series of fabric screen's,

graded asto size in accordance with estab lished usage in the arts, fixed at an angle to percentages if desired. Fig. 4 shows a sec the horizontal. The gradings of, or openings in these fabric screens vary in predetermined order from one end of the tube, A, to the other, these screens being denoted by the letter C in all figures of the drawing, wherein, in all cases, like letters refer to similar parts. 'The ends of the tube, A, are closed by removable ends, or plugs, 13, forming substantially watertight joints with the tube A. On one side of the tube A, are also attached funnel-shaped parts, D, mating their larger openings with like openings in the tube A, and carrying at their smaller ends glass tubes of proper size and length, E, these tubes having their major axes sub stantially parallel with the major axis of the tube A. These tubes, E, may, however have their major axes in any position desired or expedient, without departing in any Way from the spirit of the invention, or without im iairing its effective use. The location of the funnel-shaped parts, D, with reference tothe fabric screens, G is such that the upper are of contact between the insidetop of the tube A and the fabric screens C, is approximately co-incident with the larger openings of the funnel parts D and their mating openings in the tube A, as is seen in Fig. 1. These funnel parts, 1) and the glass tubes, E, are solely for the purpose of quantitative determinations of gradings and are not necessarily essential to a the operations of separating and screening per se. For an understanding of the opera tion of these iuantitative attachments, it will first of all ac of service to describe the operationsof separating, or screening by this apparatus. A sample of the comminutcd material, made up, perhaps, of sevoral different sizes, or gradings, or, it may be, composed only of one size of material, is introduced into the tube A by removing one of the end plugs, B. A quantity of water, not suilieicnt to fill the tube, A, is

introduced with it. As before stated, the fabric screens, C are graded progressively from course to fine, in predetermined order, the coarser being at the end at which the sample is introduced. If, now, the tube A, in the position shown in Fig. 1, is rocked, or shaken, either by hand or by appropriate mechanical means, so that waves are in duced in the water contained in the tube, the conuninutcd material will thereby be carried up on the sloping fabric screens in such manner that the finer materials will be I quickly and thoroughly separated from the dilcoarser with which they may be mixed, such separation being progressive on successive screen fabrics. in a manner more efiicient and more rapid than obtains with screens not inclined.

In a portable apparatus, such as would be suited to the fieldexamination of fine materials, or aggregate for use in concretc mixtures, the rocking, or shaking before described would be accomplished by holding the apparatus between the two hands of the operative. If then, after a few shakings, or rockings, sullicient for the livered by the reversed slope of the screen into the funnel-shaped pieces, i), through the registering openings in the tube, A.

From the funnel pieces, I), it is evident that the materials would readily pass to the glass tubes, E, where the relative amounts of each. could be read off by appropriate means, such, for instance, as tl'iat to be hereafter described in the following paragraphs.

It is a peculiarity of finely-divided, or of coinminuted materials, such as crushed rock, or sand, that the volume occupied by a given dry weight will be different from the volume occupied by alike quantity of the same material which is not dry. It is further true that thevolume occupied by any given quantity of such a material is dependent upon the quantity of water, or moisture contained in it. This phenomena is well-known and has been accurately determined for different kinds and gradings of material containing different percentages of moisture. It is also true that the quantity of moisture thus held by a comminuted material greatly affects its facility of separation, or grading, it being usually necessary to effect such grading subsequent to artificial drying, with consequent increased labor and expense. It follows from these statements that not onlyis' there "dillieulty in grading the average comminuted material, because of its varying moisture 0on tent, with consequent variation in results, but further, for the same reason, it is essentially impossible to measure such grades volumctricallywith suflicient accuracy to make such measurements, or determinations in any degree reliable. This introduces the necessity for drying, both'for sifting and also for measuring. If, however, instead of drying so as to produce theuniform condition of absolute lack ofmoisture, the reverse condition of saturation is brought about, it isevident that comparisons on liil! such basis will be always comparable, re-

gardless of location or other variable factors which -otherwise might affect theresult. This condition of saturation, it is evident, is automatically brought about in this apparatus through the primary" introduction of water in the tube A.

After the grading of the comminuted material, as before described, and its placev ment in the several glass tubes, it isevident that the tplantityof ea ol'rmaterialresulting:

- ever, does not give the readingsin percent ages of the whole; and as before pointed out, the volume ofthe whole varies accord;

tromuthe screensepara'tion eanf be gaged with fair accuracy by individual measurement of: each tube; and the percentageofseach determined by summation and; di- I vision. This process hoTvev'er, *is too cumbrous for field determinations; and further it,requires-a degree of'skill both in measure-- ment and in computationwhich it is desired not to make necessary} P Butasthe primary 3 conditions of moisturelof anundriedsample necessarily cause "itsijquantity' to be varidex K is moved along 'itheplaten 'to such" able, and to rarj ingldegreesactording to its fineness, as before pointed out,;-sucl1"summation is essential to a" correotfdetermination. To this end, therefore and in order that it may be accom-plished with aslittle demand as possible 'upon 'the'skill ofthe operative, the mechanism detailed in Figs. 4: and '5 has been devised] Itwill be seen thatthis is mounted, in thetportable apparatus shown in the drawing, upon dove-a tailed bed attachedlengthwise of thejbody,

and intermediate points down to zero. f In.

broken "lines; 1 2, 3', &c. are represented the successivepositions of the indices, H and i i K, with the, manner of taking the lastread fl- I U ting shown sehe-maticallyylt is evident that i if a vertical line is drawn through the in? "tersection of the last line and the slanting tube A. Essenti.ally,;itconsists ofthe dovetailed bed G, attached to the tube Agtearryif ing the metal platen F, slidably mounted onthe bed Gr; SO that theplaten F can b this means be moved troni eud to end of the tube A. Carriedbv this platen F.j'is a" paper record-sheet, N5 held to the" platen E by appropriate 11183115,}13 by el ips'. g Also carried by the platen F are two 'indlces, H,

and K. slidably mountedfiabove the paper record-sheet N on the platen F and adapted v to pass along the sides ofthe glass tubes; E; It is evident, therefore, that after the separation of the material, has been acco1nplished and the different grades of materials placed in theirproper tubes; "the on the paper. indexsheeLN, by sliding the platen 'F along the tube A tosuch position that the index K will register both with the tom of the sand in the tube E. index, H, can then be slid along in the same tube. A pencil line. drawn across it will indicate on the record-sheet the height of material, in the first "tube;

It is evident, therefore, thatiif now the inposition that it ocbupieethe position -for-- merly held by the index H; and, ifs-the platen'is moved along the tube Auntil the t index K registers with the bottom (ofthe secondtube with repetition of causing the index H to registerwiththe top of the'seoend-grade material in thistube' and a mark-p ing of this position on the record-sheen N that by this procedure, repeated a proper number of times, that" on a comparativelgt smalhrecord sheet and without the requiret -mentof skilled measurement,' the total and individual readings'can beobta inedby mechanlcal addition. ;Th1s procedure, how

ing to the moisture content of'the'sanchori otherniaterial chosen for exanunation and grading, If. however,?the 'record sheet; N,

so that a given lengthen one. side repre iscross-ruled,asfby printing in the prepa i latlOILOf therecord-sheets forfield service,

sents' a, volume of 1Q0% and a' shorter I? a length on theiother side, say] 20% shorter than the firstjlength, also represents 100%," cross ruling through corresponding points; on th s record-sheet will enablefivariations within the determined T limits to be read i I such ruling on a record sheet, the length a at the left; representing 100% p and the shorterfl'ength-lat thevright representing a l like 100%, with crossrulings between theses-J I L linerthat the intersection of this verti f cal w th the various readings can be read i cross "lines on the prepared records sheet;

In thismanner andbythesemeans; the' field made possible withsin ple portable, eflicient a person of average intelligence. 4

fexamination o f eomminuted materials. such as sand, is taken out of the rea hntof skilled or delicate apparatus and manipulation and quantity of the first grade; can be markedgandaccurate apparatus'that can be used by 1 What I therefore claim .asmy invention} L'Apparatus for grading or separating cornminutedor I finely-divided materials into I quantities of varying degrees of fineness. coinprls ng a receptacle for the materialito betreated having extendingobliquely across ,it a plurality of approximately parallel,

screens of progressively decreasing fineness of apertur t 2. Appara-tus for grading or separating fcoimminuted 0r finely-divided materials into quantities of varying r degrees of fineness,

compr sing, a receptacle adapted for com taininga mixture of'comminuted material ture.

and liquid, said receptacle having extending v v obliquely across it a plu'rality 'ofscreensfof progressively decreasing fineness of; aper- ,125

ingwcomminuted or finely-divi ed, materials into quantities of; varying degreestof fineness, comprising-atubular oontainer closed use at one end and provided at its other end with a removable closure, whereby material may be introduced into the container, and a plurality of screens of progressively decreasmg size of aperture extending obliquely across said container.

4. An apparatus for grading or separating cornminuted or finely-divided materials into quantities of varying degrees of fineness, comprising a receptacle for the material to be treated having extendmg completely across it a plurality of partitions,

each-comprising a screen, these screens being of progressively decreasing fineness of aperture, and a plurality of branch containers leading from said receptacle at points intermediate the partitions thereon, such branch containers adapted for containing the material of the several rades-into which the initial mixture is divided by the partitions. i

5. An apparatus for grading or separating comminuted or finely-divided materials into quantities of varying degrees of fineness, comprising a receptacle for the material to be treated having extending across it a plurality of partitions, each comprising a screen, these screens being of progressively decreasing fineness of aperture, and a plurality of branch containers leading from said receptacle at points intermediate the partitions therein, such branch containers adapted for containin the several quanti ties into which the initial mi ture is divided by tliescreens and having transparent portions through which the quantities of the materials in such branch containers may he observed.

6. An apparatus for grading or separattingcomminuted or finely-divided materials into quantities of varying degrees of fineness, comprising a receptacle for the material to be treated having extending across it a plurality of partitions, each comprising a screen, these screens being of progressively decreasing fineness of aperture, and a plurality of branch containers leading from said receptacle at points intermediate the screens therein, such branch containers adapted for containing the several quantities into which the initial mixture is divided bythe screens, and means for quantitative determination of the various separations.

7. An apparatus for gradin or separating comminuted or finely-divi ed'materials into quantities of varying degrees of linencss, comprising'a receptacle for the material to be treated adapted for containing a -mixture of comminuted material and liquid, and having extending across it a plurahty of screens of progressively decreasing fine-y ness of aperture, and a plurality of branch containers each leading from said receptacle at a point approximating a correspondmg screen.

8. An apparatus for grading or separating comminuted or finely-divided materials into quantities of varying degrees of fineness, comprising a receptacle for the material to be treated having extending across it a plurality of screens of progressively decreasing fineness of aperture, and a plurality of branch containers each leading from said receptacle at a point approximating a corresponding screen and each having a trans parent portion substantially parallel with the axis of the main receptacle.

NATHAN G. JOHNSON.

\Vitnesses:

EMMA L. Rrrznnn,

FRANK Lozrnn.

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