US11879117B2 - Gel tray for bacteria transformation lab - Google Patents
Gel tray for bacteria transformation lab Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US11879117B2 US11879117B2 US17/094,222 US202017094222A US11879117B2 US 11879117 B2 US11879117 B2 US 11879117B2 US 202017094222 A US202017094222 A US 202017094222A US 11879117 B2 US11879117 B2 US 11879117B2
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- Prior art keywords
- gel
- channels
- tray
- gel channels
- channel
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229960000723 ampicillin Drugs 0.000 description 11
- AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N ampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 10
- BPHPUYQFMNQIOC-NXRLNHOXSA-N isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside Chemical compound CC(C)S[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O BPHPUYQFMNQIOC-NXRLNHOXSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960005091 chloramphenicol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N chloramphenicol Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 230000010310 bacterial transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000034287 fluorescent proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091006047 fluorescent proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028744 lysogeny Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013600 plasmid vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M25/00—Means for supporting, enclosing or fixing the microorganisms, e.g. immunocoatings
- C12M25/14—Scaffolds; Matrices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
- C12M23/04—Flat or tray type, drawers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/22—Transparent or translucent parts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M35/00—Means for application of stress for stimulating the growth of microorganisms or the generation of fermentation or metabolic products; Means for electroporation or cell fusion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
- C12M41/36—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration of biomass, e.g. colony counters or by turbidity measurements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/18—Testing for antimicrobial activity of a material
Definitions
- This application relates to gel trays for bacterial growth, including genetic transformation labs.
- a gel tray includes a transparent body and plural (e.g., four) gel channels formed in the body parallel to each other.
- Plural filling ports each having a fill end for receiving samples and a channel end communicating with an end of a respective one of the gel channels, define respective axes from the respective fill end to the respective channel end.
- an oblique angle is established between the axis of at least one of the filling ports and a longitudinal axis of its respective gel channel.
- the fill ends are elevated above the channel ends on the body.
- At least one constituent can be in the gel channels to deter the growth of microbes during storage.
- an antibiotic such as ampicillin can be added to the gel.
- An additional constituent may induce the expression of exogenous genes, for example monosaccharide Isopropyl beta-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG).
- Respective gels may be disposed in the gel channels.
- unmodified bacteria host cells can be added in a first one of the gel channels.
- Unmodified bacteria host cells and an antibiotic such as ampicillin can be added in a second one of the gel channels, and genetically modified (such as by heat-shocking or with a gene gun) bacteria host cells and a plasmid can be added in a third one of the gel channels.
- Genetically modified bacteria host cells, antibiotic, and a chemical to induce expression of an exogeneous constituent, e.g. IPTG, can be added in a fourth gel channel.
- a method in another aspect, includes adding unmodified bacteria host cells to a first receptacle of a gel tray and adding unmodified bacteria plus an antibiotic, such as ampicillin, to a second receptacle of the gel tray.
- the method also includes adding genetically modified bacteria and antibiotic to a third receptacle in the gel tray and adding the genetically modified bacteria along with antibiotic and a chemical to induce exogenous expression to a fourth receptacle in the gel tray.
- the gel tray is illuminated to permit visualization of fluorescence therein.
- a gel tray e.g., for a bacteria transformation observation includes a transparent plastic body with plural (e.g., from two to ten and in specific examples four) parallel gel channels into which unmodified bacteria and genetically modified bacteria can be added along with appropriate reaction constituents to demonstrate transformation of the bacteria under visualization.
- a gel tray in another aspect, includes a transparent plastic body with plural gel channels into which unmodified host bacteria and genetically modified bacteria along with appropriate reaction constituents are added.
- reaction constituents e.g. a monosaccharide
- a gel tray with plural channels is placed on an apparatus that illuminates the gel tray with light of a specific wavelength or range of wavelengths (e.g. 475 nm) that excites a fluorophore expressed by genetically modified bacteria. Light used in illumination may be blocked by a colored filter.
- a gel tray with plural channels is placed on an apparatus that illuminates one of the channels with a specific wavelength of light while simultaneously illuminating one or more of the additional channels with a different specific wavelength of light to visualize excitation of two or more different fluorophores simultaneously with the apparatus providing barriers between the channels to block light in one channel from illuminate an adjacent channel.
- FIG. 1 is an isometric view of the gel tray when empty from a top perspective
- FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the gel tray when empty from a bottom perspective
- FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the gel tray when filled with gel and covered with film
- FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the gel tray in a viewer
- FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the gel tray on a viewer base
- FIG. 6 shows colonies of genetically modified bacteria, transformed with a plasmid containing the gene for eGFP, growing on a petri dish containing LB medium agar with chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and IPTG;
- FIG. 7 shows colonies of genetically modified bacteria, transformed with a plasmid containing the gene for eGFP, growing in plastic tubes containing LB medium agar with chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and IPTG;
- FIG. 8 is an isometric view of an alternate embodiment
- FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate an alternate embodiment.
- an assembly is shown, generally designated 10 , which can be used for observing bacterial growth, is particularly, although not exclusively suited for academic use by students.
- the assembly 10 includes a transparent plastic body 12 with a generally parallelepiped-shaped periphery 14 in an x-y (horizontal) plane indicated by the axes 16 that is established when the body 12 is oriented as operationally intended on a viewing assembly as discussed further below.
- the body 12 may be a unitary piece of plastic formed by, e.g., injection molding.
- first through fourth gel channels 18 , 20 , 22 , 24 are formed in the body 12 parallel to each other, although in other embodiments a fewer or greater number of gel channels may be used, e.g., any integer number of gel channels from two on up.
- the gel channels are separated from each other by raised elongated ribs 26 that are parallel to the gel channels and that are elongated in the same dimension as the gel channels are elongated.
- the outer gel channels 18 , 24 are thus bounded by respective vertical sidewalls 28 of the body 12 and on their sides opposite the sidewalls 28 by a respective rib 26 , while the inner gel channels 20 , 22 are bounded on both sides by ribs 26 .
- the gel channels extend in length from a common end wall 30 to respective channel ends 32 , and the bottom walls 34 of the gel channels 18 - 24 lie in the horizontal plane.
- first through fourth filling ports 36 , 38 , 40 , 42 Extending upwardly (in the z-dimension) from the horizontal gel channels at oblique angles to the horizontal plane if desired, are first through fourth filling ports 36 , 38 , 40 , 42 , each having a respective fill end 44 that may have a semi-circular circumference if desired as shown. More generally, a filling port may be provided for each gel channel.
- the fill ends are configured for receiving constituent samples from a dispenser such as a micropipette or multi-channel pipette.
- Each filling port 36 - 42 extends from its fill end 44 to a respective channel end 46 that communicates with a respective channel end 32 of a respective one of the gel channels.
- the fill ends 44 thus may be elevated above the channel ends 46 of the fill ports on the body.
- each filling port is elongated from end 44 to end 46 and defines an axis there between with a component 48 in the horizontal plane.
- an oblique angle ⁇ can be established between the axis component 48 of at least one of the filling ports and a longitudinal axis 50 of its respective gel channel.
- FIG. 3 illustrates that respective gels 52 may be disposed in the first through fourth gel channels 18 - 24 on the bottoms thereof.
- the gels 52 may contain a constituent to deter the growth of microbes during storage.
- the gels 52 are essentially growth media and may be composed of, e.g., lysogeny broth agar that contains chloramphenicol to deter the growth of wild bacteria, yeast, or other microbes during storage.
- a transparent protective plastic sheet 56 may cover the interior of the body 12 as shown and may extend across the periphery 14 from all four sides ( FIG. 3 illustrates the transparent sheet 56 by means of shading lines.)
- the assembly shown in FIG. 3 may be vended to end users who can then add constituents to one or more of the gels 52 as discussed further below. Or the body 12 alone may be vended to end users who can fill the gel channels 18 - 24 with the gels 52 .
- the gel tray assembly 10 may include four separate pools of growth media (gels), for example, one for a control and three for variations.
- the body 12 of the tray is transparent (which include translucent) to allow light to pass through the bottom 34 and into the contents of the gel channels 18 - 24 tray.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate that the body 12 of the gel tray is designed to fit onto a base 400 of a viewing assembly such as but not limited to that described in the referenced U.S. patent, to be covered by a hood 402 such as the hood described in the referenced U.S. patent, with the base 400 including lamps to illuminate the tray assembly 10 from below and photograph the tray assembly from above through an optical filter to detect and record presence of bacteria colonies and whether or not they exhibit fluorescence.
- the base 400 and hood 402 alternatively may be implemented by a simpler design apart from that referenced in the U.S. patent, marketed by the instant assignee under the trade name “The WinstonTM”.
- the body 12 of the tray assembly 10 is designed to be easily filled, sterilized, and sealed to meet storage and shipping requirement, and to be easily unsealed by removing the sheet 56 to allow a student to introduce bacterial samples and subsequently resealed to allow for effective incubation of the experiment.
- the base 400 or other component may include heaters and/or coolers such as thermoelectric coolers to maintain temperature of constituents in the gel tray.
- illumination may be from the sides or even top of the gel tray in addition to or in lieu of bottom illumination.
- Unmodified bacteria host cells may be disposed in the first gel channel 18 by an end user.
- Such cells may be, in one example, a strain (BL21) of E. coli bacteria that already has resistance to chloramphenicol.
- unmodified bacteria and an antibiotic may be added to the second gel channel 20 by an end user.
- ampicillin may be used to demonstrate that this antibiotic will kill bacteria that have not been transformed with an ampicillin resistance gene.
- Antibiotics other than ampicillin may be used.
- Added to the third gel channel 22 may be genetically modified bacteria such as bacteria transformed with a plasmid (vector) through heat-shocking or another method.
- bacteria Prior to heatshocking, bacteria may be made competent by the addition of a chemical, for example, calcium chloride.
- the plasmid (vector) may include genes for making fluorescent protein molecules like eGFP (enhanced Green Florescent Protein), which glows green under blue light when the bacteria makes it.
- the plasmid may also include an ampicillin resistance gene. That way ampicillin can be used to kill all of the bacteria that do not take up the plasmid.
- Into the fourth gel channel 24 may be added by an end user genetically modified bacteria along with an antibiotic and a chemical, e.g. IPTG, to induce expression of an exogenous constituent, as described above.
- a plasmid vector may be incorporated which can be a plasmid developed specifically for the purpose of lab activity that gives the bacteria resistance to ampicillin and, when activated by IPTG, induces the bacterial to produce a protein that is fluorescent (eGFP).
- the samples added to all gel channels are spread evenly over the surface of the agar to maximize growth.
- the tray is sealed again with the sheet 56 and incubated.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate expected results.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a gel tray 800 that in all essential respects is identical in configuration and operation to the gel tray(s) shown previously with the following exception.
- the gel tray 800 in FIG. 8 includes tabbed corners 802 extending down and away from fill ends 804 of fill ports 806 to aid in removing the protective sheet discussed previously.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate a gel tray 900 in all essential respects is identical in configuration and operation to the gel tray(s) shown previously with the following exception.
- the gel tray 900 in FIGS. 9 and 10 includes no separate fill ports, and includes plural (e.g., four) gel channels 902 separated by ribs 904 and terminating in a slanted wall 906 that extends upwardly and outwardly from the ends of bottoms 908 of the gel channels 902 at an oblique angle to the bottoms 908 to terminate in a flat edge flange 910 that is generally parallel to the bottoms 908 of the channels 902 .
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17/094,222 US11879117B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2020-11-10 | Gel tray for bacteria transformation lab |
US17/315,290 US11879118B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2021-05-08 | Gel tray for bacteria transformation lab |
CN202111286653.7A CN114456900A (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2021-11-02 | Gel tray for bacteria transformation laboratory |
EP21207322.5A EP3995564A1 (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2021-11-09 | Gel tray for bacteria transformation lab |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US17/094,222 US11879117B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2020-11-10 | Gel tray for bacteria transformation lab |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US17/315,290 Continuation-In-Part US11879118B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2021-05-08 | Gel tray for bacteria transformation lab |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20220145225A1 US20220145225A1 (en) | 2022-05-12 |
US11879117B2 true US11879117B2 (en) | 2024-01-23 |
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US17/094,222 Active 2041-10-18 US11879117B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2020-11-10 | Gel tray for bacteria transformation lab |
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Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4054490A (en) * | 1974-03-12 | 1977-10-18 | Orion-Yhtyma Oy-Orion Diagnostica | Method for investigating microorganisms |
US4204045A (en) * | 1978-02-15 | 1980-05-20 | Orion-Yhtyma Oy | Device for examining microorganisms |
US4271270A (en) | 1977-10-27 | 1981-06-02 | Lukacsek Patricia A | Apparatus for culturing and examining fungi |
EP0402888A1 (en) | 1989-06-16 | 1990-12-19 | BEHRINGWERKE Aktiengesellschaft | Incubation vessel |
WO1997047388A1 (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1997-12-18 | Dilux, Inc. | Multichannel dilution reservoir |
US6432663B1 (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2002-08-13 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Multi-channel plate |
US20030157706A1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-21 | Carol Hamilton | High throughput method, apparatus and kit for plating microorganisms and cell cultures |
US20140196550A1 (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2014-07-17 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Systems and devices for sample handling |
CN106591127A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-04-26 | 浙江大学 | Cell culture device with three-dimensional surface microstructure, and manufacturing method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-11-10 US US17/094,222 patent/US11879117B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US4054490A (en) * | 1974-03-12 | 1977-10-18 | Orion-Yhtyma Oy-Orion Diagnostica | Method for investigating microorganisms |
US4271270A (en) | 1977-10-27 | 1981-06-02 | Lukacsek Patricia A | Apparatus for culturing and examining fungi |
US4204045A (en) * | 1978-02-15 | 1980-05-20 | Orion-Yhtyma Oy | Device for examining microorganisms |
EP0402888A1 (en) | 1989-06-16 | 1990-12-19 | BEHRINGWERKE Aktiengesellschaft | Incubation vessel |
WO1997047388A1 (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1997-12-18 | Dilux, Inc. | Multichannel dilution reservoir |
US6180065B1 (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 2001-01-30 | Dilux, Inc. | Multichannel dilution reservoir |
US6432663B1 (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2002-08-13 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Multi-channel plate |
US20030157706A1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-21 | Carol Hamilton | High throughput method, apparatus and kit for plating microorganisms and cell cultures |
US20140196550A1 (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2014-07-17 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Systems and devices for sample handling |
CN106591127A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-04-26 | 浙江大学 | Cell culture device with three-dimensional surface microstructure, and manufacturing method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
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Heathrow Scientific. "Dual Solution Reservoir" Published from Internet Archive Wayback Machine : Jun. 11, 2016. Accessed : Feb. 25, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20160611063405/https://www.heathrowscientific.com/dual-solution-reservoir-i-hea20821a (Year: 2016). * |
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US20220145225A1 (en) | 2022-05-12 |
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