US11860266B2 - Detection system and method of detecting life using radar - Google Patents

Detection system and method of detecting life using radar Download PDF

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US11860266B2
US11860266B2 US17/169,568 US202117169568A US11860266B2 US 11860266 B2 US11860266 B2 US 11860266B2 US 202117169568 A US202117169568 A US 202117169568A US 11860266 B2 US11860266 B2 US 11860266B2
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Keng-Hao Liu
Han-Jieh Chang
Hsiang-Feng Chi
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Richwave Technology Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
    • G01S13/52—Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
    • G01S13/52—Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds
    • G01S13/56—Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds for presence detection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
    • A61B5/0507—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves using microwaves or terahertz waves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/113—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb occurring during breathing
    • A61B5/1135—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb occurring during breathing by monitoring thoracic expansion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
    • A61B5/7253—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms
    • A61B5/7257—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms using Fourier transforms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/48—Diagnostic techniques
    • A61B8/488—Diagnostic techniques involving Doppler signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
    • G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/35—Details of non-pulse systems
    • G01S7/352—Receivers
    • G01S7/356—Receivers involving particularities of FFT processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
    • G01S7/415—Identification of targets based on measurements of movement associated with the target
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
    • A61B5/0205—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
    • A61B5/024—Measuring pulse rate or heart rate
    • A61B5/02444—Details of sensor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/08—Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
    • A61B5/0816—Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to target detection, and in particular, to a detection system and a method of detecting a life.
  • Biometrics is an important technology for identifying humans, animals and other life, and has been widely used in the field of intrusion detection. Radar has been used in biometric technology owing to its performance being unaffected in night environments, harsh environments and poor lighting environments. However, in practice, using radar to achieve accurate and quick detection of life remains difficult.
  • a method of detecting a life includes receiving an echo signal comprising an in-phase component and a quadrature component, performing a preprocessing procedure on the echo signal to generate a preprocessed signal, generating, according to the preprocessed signal, complex conjugate data associated with the in-phase component and the quadrature component, performing a first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the complex conjugate data to generate Doppler spectrogram data comprising a plurality of positive velocity energies and a plurality of negative velocity energies, generating combined Doppler spectrogram data according to the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies, performing a second time time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the combined Doppler spectrogram data to generate spectrum data, and determining whether a life is detected according to the spectrum data.
  • a detection system for use to detect a life includes a receiver, a preprocessing circuit and a processor.
  • the receiver is used to receive an echo signal comprising an in-phase component and a quadrature component, the echo signal being generated by a life.
  • the preprocessing circuit is coupled to the receiver, and used to perform a preprocessing procedure on the echo signal to generate a preprocessed signal.
  • the processor is coupled to the preprocessing circuit, and used to generate, according to the preprocessed signal, complex conjugate data associated with the in-phase component and the quadrature component, perform a first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the complex conjugate data to generate Doppler spectrogram data comprising a plurality of positive velocity energies and a plurality of negative velocity energies, generate combined Doppler spectrogram data according to the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies, perform a second time time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the combined Doppler spectrogram data to generate spectrum data, and determine whether the life is detected according to the spectrum data.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radar detection system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the processor in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a Doppler spectrogram.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a combined Doppler spectrogram.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a spectrum.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method of detecting a life according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radar detection system 100 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the radar detection system 100 may detect a sign of a life, and may be a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar.
  • the life may be a human being, a pet or others.
  • the sign of life may be breath, heartbeats or others. Since breaths or heartbeats results from expansion and contraction of a heart, a chest or other body parts at a predetermined frequency, the radar detection system 100 may determine a movement feature of the a target object 140 , so as to determine whether the movement feature matches a pattern of the sign of life, thereby determining whether the target object 140 is a life.
  • FMCW frequency-modulated continuous wave
  • the radar detection system 100 may transmit a transmission signal St and receive an echo signal Se reflected from the target object 140 , and determine whether the target object 140 is a life according to the echo signal Se.
  • the radar detection system 100 may include antennas 110 , 120 , a transmitter 112 , a signal generator 114 , a receiver 122 , an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 124 , a preprocessing circuit 126 and a processor 130 .
  • the antenna 110 , the transmitter 112 , the signal generator 114 and the processor 130 may be sequentially coupled to each other.
  • the antenna 120 , the receiver 122 , the ADC 124 , the preprocessing circuit 126 and the processor 130 may be sequentially coupled to each other.
  • the processor 130 may generate a baseband signal for a frequency-modulated continuous wave signal by controlling the signal generator 114 via a control signal Sct.
  • the transmitter 112 may convert the frequency-modulated continuous wave signal into a transmission signal St to a predetermined frequency band (e.g., 6 GHz), and then the antenna 110 may transmit the transmission signal St.
  • the frequency-modulated continuous wave may be a triangular wave, a saw-toothed wave, a staircase wave, a sinusoidal wave or other shapes of waves.
  • the receiver 122 may receive the echo signal Se via the antenna 120 , and mix the echo signal Se and a signal associated with the transmission signal St, e.g., the transmission signal St to generate a beat signal.
  • the beat signal carries beat information indicative of a half of a difference between the frequency of the echo signal Se and the frequency of the transmission signal St.
  • the echo signal Se may include an in-phase component and a quadrature component at each point in time
  • the beat signal may include a corresponding in-phase component I and a corresponding quadrature component Q at each point in time.
  • the receiver 122 may mix the beat signal with two orthogonal oscillating signals to obtain the in-phase component I and the quadrature component Q of the beat signal.
  • the ADC 124 may set a predetermined sampling frequency, e.g., 44 kHz to be the sampling frequency, and sample the in-phase component I and the quadrature component Q of the beat signal to generate a digitized in-phase component and a digitized quadrature component.
  • the preprocessing circuit 126 may perform a preprocessing procedure on the digitized in-phase component and the digitized quadrature component to generate preprocessed in-phase component I′ and preprocessed quadrature component Q′.
  • the preprocessing procedure may include filtering out a high frequency noise, reducing a sampling frequency, removing a direct current component, and a combination thereof.
  • the preprocessing circuit 126 may include a low-pass filter, a decimator, an average circuit, an adder and a combination thereof.
  • the low-pass filter may remove high frequency components from the digitized in-phase component and the digitized quadrature component to generate filtered in-phase component and filtered quadrature component.
  • the decimator may reduce the quantity of data, e.g., reduce the filtered in-phase components and the filtered quadrature components at 44 k samples per second by a factor of 80 to generate downsampled in-phase components and quadrature components at 550 samples per second.
  • the downsampled data may reduce computations of subsequent signal processing, preventing signal distortion and false detection of a life owing to the filter being unable to process a large quantity of data in the subsequent filtering process.
  • the direct current components in the downsampled in-phase components and the downsampled quadrature components may be obtained by averaging the downsampled in-phase components and the downsampled quadrature components over a period of time, respectively.
  • the average circuit may compute the averages of the downsampled in-phase components and downsampled quadrature components, e.g., compute 128-data moving averages to generate the average of the downsampled in-phase components and downsampled quadrature components.
  • the adder may remove the average of the downsampled in-phase components from the downsampled in-phase component to generate the preprocessed in-phase component I′, remove the average of the downsampled quadrature components from the downsampled quadrature component to generate the preprocessed quadrature component Q′, thereby simplifying the subsequence complex signal demodulation process and preventing the subsequence complex signal demodulation process from being affected by the direct current offset.
  • the preprocessing procedure may be implemented by software or a combination of software and hardware.
  • the processor 130 may store the software in a memory of the radar detection system 100 and load the software from the memory to execute the preprocessing process.
  • the processor 130 may detect the sign of life according to the preprocessed in-phase component I′ and the preprocessed quadrature component Q′, and generate an output signal So to indicate whether a life is detected.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the processor 130 .
  • the processor 130 may include complex signal demodulation (CSD) unit 131 , a window function unit 132 , a first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform unit 133 , a combining unit 134 , a second time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform unit 135 and a sign-of-life detection unit 136 , the units being sequentially coupled to each other.
  • Each of the units may be implemented by software, hardware or a combination thereof.
  • the window function unit 132 may employ a window function to divide the complex conjugate data v, v* using a fixed period of time to generate M time intervals of complex conjugate data v, v*, each time interval of complex conjugate data v, v* including N pairs of complex conjugate data v(m,n), v*(m,n), m, n being positive integers, 1 ⁇ m ⁇ M 1 ⁇ n ⁇ N.
  • the window function may have a fixed length, and may be a rectangular window function, a Hamming window function, a Hanning window function or other types of window functions.
  • the window function unit 132 may employ the window function to divide the complex data v at a fixed length of 64 pieces of data, the complex data v(2,32) representing the 32th piece of complex data in the second time interval.
  • the first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform unit 133 may perform a first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the complex data v(m,n) to generate a positive velocity energy Vp(m,p) corresponding to the pth positive velocity in the mth time interval, p being a positive integer, 1 ⁇ p ⁇ P, and a positive velocity energy Vp(2,32) representing the 32th positive velocity energy in the second time interval.
  • the first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform unit 133 may perform the first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the complex data v*(m,n) to generate a negative velocity energy Vn(m,p) corresponding to the pth negative velocity in the mth time interval.
  • the positive velocity energy Vp(m,p) and the negative velocity energy Vn(m,p) may be the energies corresponding to a positive velocity (e.g., representing the target object 140 moves towards the radar detection system 100 ) and a negative velocity (e.g., representing the target object 140 moves away from the radar detection system 100 ) respectively.
  • the first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform may be implemented by a short-time Fourier transform, a wavelet transform, a Hilbert-Huang Transform, or a combination thereof.
  • the first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform unit 133 may output positive velocity energies Vp(1,1) to Vp(M,N) and negative velocity energies Vn(1,1) to Vn(M,N) for subsequent use.
  • the positive velocity energies Vp(1,1) to Vp(M,N) and the negative velocity energies Vn(1,1) to Vn(M,N) may be referred to as Doppler spectrogram data.
  • the processor 130 may plot a Doppler spectrogram according to the Doppler spectrogram data, as shown in FIG. 3 , in which the horizontal axis represents velocity, and the vertical axis represents time, and the colors represent energies corresponding to the velocities.
  • the Doppler spectrogram shows that the velocity of the target object 140 oscillates substantially between +1 m/s and ⁇ 1 m/s.
  • the combining unit 134 may perform a combination operation according to the positive velocity energies Vp(m,p) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,p) to generate combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m). In some embodiments, the combining unit 134 may perform a linear combination on the positive velocity energies Vp(m,1) to Vp(m,P) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,1) to Vn(m,P) to generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m).
  • the combining unit 134 may accumulate the positive velocity energies Vp(m,1) to Vp(m,P) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,1) to Vn(m,P) to generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m).
  • the combining unit 134 may generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m) according to an extremum (e.g., an absolute value of a maximum energy) of the positive velocity energies Vp(m,1) to Vp(m,P) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,1) to Vn(m,P) in the mth time interval.
  • an extremum e.g., an absolute value of a maximum energy
  • the combining unit 134 may determine the maximum of the positive velocity energies Vp(m,1) to Vp(m,P) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,1) to Vn(m,P) in the mth time interval, and set the maximum as the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m).
  • the combining unit 134 may enhance the positive velocity energies Vp(m,p) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,p) to generate enhanced positive velocity energies and enhanced negative velocity energies, and generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m) according to the enhanced positive velocity energies and enhanced negative velocity energies.
  • the combining unit 134 may apply a non-linear function, e.g., a logarithmic function by a filter or other signal processing methods to the positive velocity energies Vp(m,p) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,p) to generate the enhanced positive velocity energies log(Vp(m,p)) and enhanced negative velocity energies log(Vn(m,p)).
  • the combining unit 134 may perform a linear combination on the enhanced positive velocity energies and the enhanced negative velocity energies to generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m). For example, the combining unit 134 may accumulate the enhanced positive velocity energies log(Vp(m,1)) to log(Vp(m,P)) and the enhanced negative velocity energies log(Vn(m,1)) to log(Vn(m,P)) to generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m).
  • the combining unit 134 may generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m) according to an extremum (e.g., an absolute value of a maximum energy) of the enhanced positive velocity energies log(Vp(m,1)) to log(Vp(m,P)) and the enhanced negative velocity energies log(Vn(m,1)) to log(Vn(m,P)) in the mth time interval.
  • an extremum e.g., an absolute value of a maximum energy
  • the combining unit 134 may determine the maximum of the enhanced positive velocity energies log(Vp(m,1)) to log(Vp(m,P)) and the enhanced negative velocity energies log(Vn(m,1)) to log(Vn(m,P)) in the mth time interval, and set the maximum as the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m).
  • the combining unit 134 may normalize the positive velocity energies Vp(m,p) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,p) to generate normalized positive velocity energies and normalized negative velocity energies, and generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m) according to the normalized positive velocity energies and normalized negative velocity energies.
  • the combining unit 134 may distribute all the positive velocity energies Vp(1,1) to Vp(M,P) between a predetermined positive velocity energy range in a proportional manner to generate the normalized positive velocity energies Vp_norm(1,1) to Vp_norm(M,P), and distribute all the negative velocity energies Vn(1,1) to Vn(M,P) between a predetermined negative velocity energy range in a proportional manner to generate the normalized negative velocity energies Vn_norm(1,1) to Vn_norm(M,P).
  • the positive velocity energies may range between 0 and a predetermined maximum, and the negative velocity energies may range between 0 and a predetermined minimum.
  • the combining unit 134 may perform a linear combination on the normalized positive velocity energies Vp_norm(m,1) to Vp_norm(m,P) and the normalized negative velocity energies Vn_norm(m,1) to Vn_norm(m,P) to generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m). For example, the combining unit 134 may accumulate the normalized positive velocity energies Vp_norm(m,1) to Vp_norm(m,P) and the normalized negative velocity energies Vn_norm(m,1) to Vn_norm(m,P) in the mth time interval to generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m).
  • the processor 130 may generate data corresponding to the combined Doppler spectrogram according to the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(1) to c(M).
  • the combined Doppler spectrogram may be plotted, as shown in FIG. 4 , in which the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m).
  • the combined Doppler spectrogram shows that the combined energy of the target object 140 oscillates substantially between the maximum of the positive velocity energy range and the minimum of the negative velocity energy range (that is, the maximum of the absolute values of the negative velocity energies).
  • the combining unit 134 may filter the enhanced and/or normalized positive velocity energies and enhanced and/or normalized negative velocity energies using a bandpass filter to generate filtered positive velocity energies and negative velocity energies, and accumulate the filtered positive velocity energies and negative velocity energies in the mth time interval to generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m).
  • the predetermined velocity range may be, for example, between +1 m/s and ⁇ 1 m/s.
  • the combining unit 134 may filter out components in the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m) outside a predetermined frequency range using another bandpass filter or low-pass filter.
  • the predetermined frequency range may be configured according to a normal heart rate or a normal respiratory rate, e.g., the normal heart rate of an adult ranges substantially between 60 and 100 beats per minute, and the normal respiratory rate of an adult ranges substantially between 12 and 20 breaths per minute.
  • the second time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform unit 135 may perform a second time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m) to generate spectrum data C(k), k being a positive integer, 1 ⁇ k ⁇ K.
  • the spectrum data C(k) represents an energy at a kth frequency band, e.g., spectrum data C(2) represents the energy at the second frequency band.
  • the second time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform may be implemented by a discrete Fourier transform or a fast Fourier transform.
  • the processor 130 may plot a spectrum diagram according to the spectrum data C(1) to C(M), as shown in FIG. 5 , the horizontal axis representing frequency, and the vertical axis represent energy.
  • the spectrum diagram shows that the spectrum data C(1) to C(M) of the target object 140 peak at 0.75 Hz, 1.5 Hz and 3 Hz.
  • the sign-of-life detection unit 136 may determine whether a life is detected according to the spectrum data C(1) to C(M). When a local maximum of the spectrum data C(1) to C(M) is within a sign-of-life range, the sign-of-life detection unit 136 may determine that a life is detected. When all local maxima of the spectrum data C(1) to C(M) are outside the sign-of-life range, the sign-of-life detection unit 136 may determine that the life is not detected.
  • the sign-of-life range may be configured according to the normal heart rate, e.g., between 1 Hz and 2 Hz.
  • the sign-of-life range may be configured according to the normal respiratory rate, e.g., between 0.2 Hz and 0.4 Hz.
  • the sign-of-life detection unit 136 may output a detection result of the life as an output signal So to an output device of the radar detection system 100 such as a monitor, a printer or a speaker, or to a data storage device such as a hard drive
  • the radar detection system 100 may generate complex conjugate data according to in-phase components and quadrature components of an echo signal to generate positive velocity energies and negative velocity energies of a target object and detect expansion and contraction movements of a living object, thereby determining whether the target object is a life in an accurate and quick manner.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method 600 of detecting a life according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the method 600 may be adopted by the radar detection system 100 , and may include Steps S 602 to S 614 .
  • Steps S 602 to S 609 are used to generate Doppler spectrogram data.
  • Steps S 610 to S 614 are used to determine whether a life is detected according to the Doppler spectrogram data. Any reasonable step change or adjustment is within the scope of the disclosure. Steps S 602 to S 614 are explained using the radar detection system 100 :
  • Step S 602 The receiver 122 receives the echo signal Se;
  • Step S 604 The preprocessing circuit 126 performs a preprocessing procedure on the echo signal Se to generate the in-phase components I′ and the quadrature components Q′ of the preprocessed signal;
  • Step S 606 The complex signal demodulation unit 131 generates the complex conjugate data v, v* according to the in-phase components I′ and the quadrature components Q′ of the preprocessed signal;
  • Step S 608 The window function unit 132 divides the complex conjugate data v, v* using the window function to generate the complex conjugate data v(m,n), v*(m,n);
  • Step S 609 The first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform unit 133 performs the first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the complex data v(m,n), v*(m,n) to generate the positive velocity energy Vp(m,p) and the negative velocity energy Vn(m,p);
  • Step S 610 The combining unit 134 generates the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m) according to the positive velocity energies Vp(m,p) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,p);
  • Step S 612 The second time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform unit 135 performs the second time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m) to generate spectrum data C(k);
  • Step S 614 The sign-of-life detection unit 136 determines whether a life is detected according to the spectrum data C(k).
  • the method 600 may generate complex conjugate data according to in-phase components and quadrature components of an echo signal to generate positive velocity energies and negative velocity energies of a target object and detect expansion and contraction movements of a living object, thereby determining whether the target object is a life in an accurate and quick manner.

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Abstract

A method of detecting a life includes receiving an echo signal including an in-phase component and a quadrature component, performing a preprocessing procedure on the echo signal to generate a preprocessed signal, generating, according to the preprocessed signal, complex conjugate data associated with the in-phase component and the quadrature component, performing a first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the complex conjugate data to generate Doppler spectrogram data comprising a plurality of positive velocity energies and a plurality of negative velocity energies, generating combined Doppler spectrogram data according to the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies, performing a second time time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the combined Doppler spectrogram data to generate spectrum data, and determining whether a life is detected according to the spectrum data.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This non-provisional application claims priority of Taiwan patent application No. 109104633, filed on 14 Feb. 2020, included herein by reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to target detection, and in particular, to a detection system and a method of detecting a life.
BACKGROUND
Biometrics is an important technology for identifying humans, animals and other life, and has been widely used in the field of intrusion detection. Radar has been used in biometric technology owing to its performance being unaffected in night environments, harsh environments and poor lighting environments. However, in practice, using radar to achieve accurate and quick detection of life remains difficult.
SUMMARY
According to an embodiment of the invention, a method of detecting a life includes receiving an echo signal comprising an in-phase component and a quadrature component, performing a preprocessing procedure on the echo signal to generate a preprocessed signal, generating, according to the preprocessed signal, complex conjugate data associated with the in-phase component and the quadrature component, performing a first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the complex conjugate data to generate Doppler spectrogram data comprising a plurality of positive velocity energies and a plurality of negative velocity energies, generating combined Doppler spectrogram data according to the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies, performing a second time time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the combined Doppler spectrogram data to generate spectrum data, and determining whether a life is detected according to the spectrum data.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a detection system for use to detect a life includes a receiver, a preprocessing circuit and a processor. The receiver is used to receive an echo signal comprising an in-phase component and a quadrature component, the echo signal being generated by a life. The preprocessing circuit is coupled to the receiver, and used to perform a preprocessing procedure on the echo signal to generate a preprocessed signal. The processor is coupled to the preprocessing circuit, and used to generate, according to the preprocessed signal, complex conjugate data associated with the in-phase component and the quadrature component, perform a first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the complex conjugate data to generate Doppler spectrogram data comprising a plurality of positive velocity energies and a plurality of negative velocity energies, generate combined Doppler spectrogram data according to the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies, perform a second time time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the combined Doppler spectrogram data to generate spectrum data, and determine whether the life is detected according to the spectrum data.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radar detection system according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the processor in FIG. 1 .
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a Doppler spectrogram.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a combined Doppler spectrogram.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a spectrum.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method of detecting a life according to an embodiment of the invention.
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radar detection system 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. The radar detection system 100 may detect a sign of a life, and may be a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. The life may be a human being, a pet or others. The sign of life may be breath, heartbeats or others. Since breaths or heartbeats results from expansion and contraction of a heart, a chest or other body parts at a predetermined frequency, the radar detection system 100 may determine a movement feature of the a target object 140, so as to determine whether the movement feature matches a pattern of the sign of life, thereby determining whether the target object 140 is a life. The radar detection system 100 may transmit a transmission signal St and receive an echo signal Se reflected from the target object 140, and determine whether the target object 140 is a life according to the echo signal Se. The radar detection system 100 may include antennas 110, 120, a transmitter 112, a signal generator 114, a receiver 122, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 124, a preprocessing circuit 126 and a processor 130. The antenna 110, the transmitter 112, the signal generator 114 and the processor 130 may be sequentially coupled to each other. The antenna 120, the receiver 122, the ADC 124, the preprocessing circuit 126 and the processor 130 may be sequentially coupled to each other.
The processor 130 may generate a baseband signal for a frequency-modulated continuous wave signal by controlling the signal generator 114 via a control signal Sct. The transmitter 112 may convert the frequency-modulated continuous wave signal into a transmission signal St to a predetermined frequency band (e.g., 6 GHz), and then the antenna 110 may transmit the transmission signal St. The frequency-modulated continuous wave may be a triangular wave, a saw-toothed wave, a staircase wave, a sinusoidal wave or other shapes of waves. The receiver 122 may receive the echo signal Se via the antenna 120, and mix the echo signal Se and a signal associated with the transmission signal St, e.g., the transmission signal St to generate a beat signal. The beat signal carries beat information indicative of a half of a difference between the frequency of the echo signal Se and the frequency of the transmission signal St. The echo signal Se may include an in-phase component and a quadrature component at each point in time, and the beat signal may include a corresponding in-phase component I and a corresponding quadrature component Q at each point in time. The receiver 122 may mix the beat signal with two orthogonal oscillating signals to obtain the in-phase component I and the quadrature component Q of the beat signal. The ADC 124 may set a predetermined sampling frequency, e.g., 44 kHz to be the sampling frequency, and sample the in-phase component I and the quadrature component Q of the beat signal to generate a digitized in-phase component and a digitized quadrature component. The preprocessing circuit 126 may perform a preprocessing procedure on the digitized in-phase component and the digitized quadrature component to generate preprocessed in-phase component I′ and preprocessed quadrature component Q′. The preprocessing procedure may include filtering out a high frequency noise, reducing a sampling frequency, removing a direct current component, and a combination thereof. The preprocessing circuit 126 may include a low-pass filter, a decimator, an average circuit, an adder and a combination thereof. The low-pass filter may remove high frequency components from the digitized in-phase component and the digitized quadrature component to generate filtered in-phase component and filtered quadrature component. The decimator may reduce the quantity of data, e.g., reduce the filtered in-phase components and the filtered quadrature components at 44 k samples per second by a factor of 80 to generate downsampled in-phase components and quadrature components at 550 samples per second. The downsampled data may reduce computations of subsequent signal processing, preventing signal distortion and false detection of a life owing to the filter being unable to process a large quantity of data in the subsequent filtering process. The direct current components in the downsampled in-phase components and the downsampled quadrature components may be obtained by averaging the downsampled in-phase components and the downsampled quadrature components over a period of time, respectively. The average circuit may compute the averages of the downsampled in-phase components and downsampled quadrature components, e.g., compute 128-data moving averages to generate the average of the downsampled in-phase components and downsampled quadrature components. The adder may remove the average of the downsampled in-phase components from the downsampled in-phase component to generate the preprocessed in-phase component I′, remove the average of the downsampled quadrature components from the downsampled quadrature component to generate the preprocessed quadrature component Q′, thereby simplifying the subsequence complex signal demodulation process and preventing the subsequence complex signal demodulation process from being affected by the direct current offset. In some embodiments, the preprocessing procedure may be implemented by software or a combination of software and hardware. In the software implementation, the processor 130 may store the software in a memory of the radar detection system 100 and load the software from the memory to execute the preprocessing process.
The processor 130 may detect the sign of life according to the preprocessed in-phase component I′ and the preprocessed quadrature component Q′, and generate an output signal So to indicate whether a life is detected. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the processor 130. The processor 130 may include complex signal demodulation (CSD) unit 131, a window function unit 132, a first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform unit 133, a combining unit 134, a second time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform unit 135 and a sign-of-life detection unit 136, the units being sequentially coupled to each other. Each of the units may be implemented by software, hardware or a combination thereof.
The complex signal demodulation unit 131 may construct complex conjugate data v, v* according to the in-phase component I′ and the quadrature component Q′, e.g., v=I′+Q′, v*=I′−Q′. In some embodiments, v=Q′±I′, v*=Q′−I′.
The window function unit 132 may employ a window function to divide the complex conjugate data v, v* using a fixed period of time to generate M time intervals of complex conjugate data v, v*, each time interval of complex conjugate data v, v* including N pairs of complex conjugate data v(m,n), v*(m,n), m, n being positive integers, 1≤m≤M 1≤n≤N. The window function may have a fixed length, and may be a rectangular window function, a Hamming window function, a Hanning window function or other types of window functions. For example, the window function unit 132 may employ the window function to divide the complex data v at a fixed length of 64 pieces of data, the complex data v(2,32) representing the 32th piece of complex data in the second time interval.
The first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform unit 133 may perform a first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the complex data v(m,n) to generate a positive velocity energy Vp(m,p) corresponding to the pth positive velocity in the mth time interval, p being a positive integer, 1≤p≤P, and a positive velocity energy Vp(2,32) representing the 32th positive velocity energy in the second time interval. Similarly, the first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform unit 133 may perform the first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the complex data v*(m,n) to generate a negative velocity energy Vn(m,p) corresponding to the pth negative velocity in the mth time interval. The positive velocity energy Vp(m,p) and the negative velocity energy Vn(m,p) may be the energies corresponding to a positive velocity (e.g., representing the target object 140 moves towards the radar detection system 100) and a negative velocity (e.g., representing the target object 140 moves away from the radar detection system 100) respectively. The first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform may be implemented by a short-time Fourier transform, a wavelet transform, a Hilbert-Huang Transform, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, P=N, the first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform unit 133 may output positive velocity energies Vp(1,1) to Vp(M,N) and negative velocity energies Vn(1,1) to Vn(M,N) for subsequent use. The positive velocity energies Vp(1,1) to Vp(M,N) and the negative velocity energies Vn(1,1) to Vn(M,N) may be referred to as Doppler spectrogram data. The processor 130 may plot a Doppler spectrogram according to the Doppler spectrogram data, as shown in FIG. 3 , in which the horizontal axis represents velocity, and the vertical axis represents time, and the colors represent energies corresponding to the velocities. The Doppler spectrogram shows that the velocity of the target object 140 oscillates substantially between +1 m/s and −1 m/s.
The combining unit 134 may perform a combination operation according to the positive velocity energies Vp(m,p) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,p) to generate combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m). In some embodiments, the combining unit 134 may perform a linear combination on the positive velocity energies Vp(m,1) to Vp(m,P) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,1) to Vn(m,P) to generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m). For example, the combining unit 134 may accumulate the positive velocity energies Vp(m,1) to Vp(m,P) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,1) to Vn(m,P) to generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m). In other embodiments, the combining unit 134 may generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m) according to an extremum (e.g., an absolute value of a maximum energy) of the positive velocity energies Vp(m,1) to Vp(m,P) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,1) to Vn(m,P) in the mth time interval. For example, the combining unit 134 may determine the maximum of the positive velocity energies Vp(m,1) to Vp(m,P) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,1) to Vn(m,P) in the mth time interval, and set the maximum as the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m).
In some embodiments, the combining unit 134 may enhance the positive velocity energies Vp(m,p) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,p) to generate enhanced positive velocity energies and enhanced negative velocity energies, and generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m) according to the enhanced positive velocity energies and enhanced negative velocity energies. For example, the combining unit 134 may apply a non-linear function, e.g., a logarithmic function by a filter or other signal processing methods to the positive velocity energies Vp(m,p) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,p) to generate the enhanced positive velocity energies log(Vp(m,p)) and enhanced negative velocity energies log(Vn(m,p)). In some embodiments, the combining unit 134 may perform a linear combination on the enhanced positive velocity energies and the enhanced negative velocity energies to generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m). For example, the combining unit 134 may accumulate the enhanced positive velocity energies log(Vp(m,1)) to log(Vp(m,P)) and the enhanced negative velocity energies log(Vn(m,1)) to log(Vn(m,P)) to generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m). In other embodiments, the combining unit 134 may generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m) according to an extremum (e.g., an absolute value of a maximum energy) of the enhanced positive velocity energies log(Vp(m,1)) to log(Vp(m,P)) and the enhanced negative velocity energies log(Vn(m,1)) to log(Vn(m,P)) in the mth time interval. For example, the combining unit 134 may determine the maximum of the enhanced positive velocity energies log(Vp(m,1)) to log(Vp(m,P)) and the enhanced negative velocity energies log(Vn(m,1)) to log(Vn(m,P)) in the mth time interval, and set the maximum as the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m).
In some embodiments, the combining unit 134 may normalize the positive velocity energies Vp(m,p) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,p) to generate normalized positive velocity energies and normalized negative velocity energies, and generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m) according to the normalized positive velocity energies and normalized negative velocity energies. For example, the combining unit 134 may distribute all the positive velocity energies Vp(1,1) to Vp(M,P) between a predetermined positive velocity energy range in a proportional manner to generate the normalized positive velocity energies Vp_norm(1,1) to Vp_norm(M,P), and distribute all the negative velocity energies Vn(1,1) to Vn(M,P) between a predetermined negative velocity energy range in a proportional manner to generate the normalized negative velocity energies Vn_norm(1,1) to Vn_norm(M,P). The positive velocity energies may range between 0 and a predetermined maximum, and the negative velocity energies may range between 0 and a predetermined minimum. In some embodiments, the combining unit 134 may perform a linear combination on the normalized positive velocity energies Vp_norm(m,1) to Vp_norm(m,P) and the normalized negative velocity energies Vn_norm(m,1) to Vn_norm(m,P) to generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m). For example, the combining unit 134 may accumulate the normalized positive velocity energies Vp_norm(m,1) to Vp_norm(m,P) and the normalized negative velocity energies Vn_norm(m,1) to Vn_norm(m,P) in the mth time interval to generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m). The processor 130 may generate data corresponding to the combined Doppler spectrogram according to the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(1) to c(M). The combined Doppler spectrogram may be plotted, as shown in FIG. 4 , in which the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m). The combined Doppler spectrogram shows that the combined energy of the target object 140 oscillates substantially between the maximum of the positive velocity energy range and the minimum of the negative velocity energy range (that is, the maximum of the absolute values of the negative velocity energies).
In some embodiments, after the positive velocity energies Vp(m,p) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,p) are enhanced and/or normalized, the combining unit 134 may filter the enhanced and/or normalized positive velocity energies and enhanced and/or normalized negative velocity energies using a bandpass filter to generate filtered positive velocity energies and negative velocity energies, and accumulate the filtered positive velocity energies and negative velocity energies in the mth time interval to generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m). The predetermined velocity range may be, for example, between +1 m/s and −1 m/s. In some embodiments, the combining unit 134 may filter out components in the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m) outside a predetermined frequency range using another bandpass filter or low-pass filter. The predetermined frequency range may be configured according to a normal heart rate or a normal respiratory rate, e.g., the normal heart rate of an adult ranges substantially between 60 and 100 beats per minute, and the normal respiratory rate of an adult ranges substantially between 12 and 20 breaths per minute.
The second time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform unit 135 may perform a second time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m) to generate spectrum data C(k), k being a positive integer, 1≤k≤K. The spectrum data C(k) represents an energy at a kth frequency band, e.g., spectrum data C(2) represents the energy at the second frequency band. The second time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform may be implemented by a discrete Fourier transform or a fast Fourier transform. In some embodiments, K=M, the second time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform unit 135 may output spectrum data C(1) to C(M). The processor 130 may plot a spectrum diagram according to the spectrum data C(1) to C(M), as shown in FIG. 5 , the horizontal axis representing frequency, and the vertical axis represent energy. The spectrum diagram shows that the spectrum data C(1) to C(M) of the target object 140 peak at 0.75 Hz, 1.5 Hz and 3 Hz.
The sign-of-life detection unit 136 may determine whether a life is detected according to the spectrum data C(1) to C(M). When a local maximum of the spectrum data C(1) to C(M) is within a sign-of-life range, the sign-of-life detection unit 136 may determine that a life is detected. When all local maxima of the spectrum data C(1) to C(M) are outside the sign-of-life range, the sign-of-life detection unit 136 may determine that the life is not detected. The sign-of-life range may be configured according to the normal heart rate, e.g., between 1 Hz and 2 Hz. The sign-of-life range may be configured according to the normal respiratory rate, e.g., between 0.2 Hz and 0.4 Hz. The sign-of-life detection unit 136 may output a detection result of the life as an output signal So to an output device of the radar detection system 100 such as a monitor, a printer or a speaker, or to a data storage device such as a hard drive.
The radar detection system 100 may generate complex conjugate data according to in-phase components and quadrature components of an echo signal to generate positive velocity energies and negative velocity energies of a target object and detect expansion and contraction movements of a living object, thereby determining whether the target object is a life in an accurate and quick manner.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method 600 of detecting a life according to an embodiment of the invention. The method 600 may be adopted by the radar detection system 100, and may include Steps S602 to S614. Steps S602 to S609 are used to generate Doppler spectrogram data. Steps S610 to S614 are used to determine whether a life is detected according to the Doppler spectrogram data. Any reasonable step change or adjustment is within the scope of the disclosure. Steps S602 to S614 are explained using the radar detection system 100:
Step S602: The receiver 122 receives the echo signal Se;
Step S604: The preprocessing circuit 126 performs a preprocessing procedure on the echo signal Se to generate the in-phase components I′ and the quadrature components Q′ of the preprocessed signal;
Step S606: The complex signal demodulation unit 131 generates the complex conjugate data v, v* according to the in-phase components I′ and the quadrature components Q′ of the preprocessed signal;
Step S608: The window function unit 132 divides the complex conjugate data v, v* using the window function to generate the complex conjugate data v(m,n), v*(m,n);
Step S609: The first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform unit 133 performs the first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the complex data v(m,n), v*(m,n) to generate the positive velocity energy Vp(m,p) and the negative velocity energy Vn(m,p);
Step S610: The combining unit 134 generates the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m) according to the positive velocity energies Vp(m,p) and the negative velocity energies Vn(m,p);
Step S612: The second time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform unit 135 performs the second time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the combined Doppler spectrogram data c(m) to generate spectrum data C(k);
Step S614: The sign-of-life detection unit 136 determines whether a life is detected according to the spectrum data C(k).
The explanation for Steps S602 to S614 is provided in the preceding paragraphs, and will be omitted here for brevity. The method 600 may generate complex conjugate data according to in-phase components and quadrature components of an echo signal to generate positive velocity energies and negative velocity energies of a target object and detect expansion and contraction movements of a living object, thereby determining whether the target object is a life in an accurate and quick manner.
Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and bounds of the appended claims.

Claims (20)

What is claimed is:
1. A method of detecting a life, the method comprising:
receiving an echo signal comprising an in-phase component and a quadrature component, the echo signal being generated by a life;
performing a preprocessing procedure on the echo signal to generate a preprocessed signal;
generating, according to the preprocessed signal, complex conjugate data associated with the in-phase component and the quadrature component;
performing a first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the complex conjugate data to generate Doppler spectrogram data comprising a plurality of positive velocity energies and a plurality of negative velocity energies;
generating combined Doppler spectrogram data according to the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies;
performing a second time time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the combined Doppler spectrogram data to generate spectrum data; and
determining whether the life is detected according to the spectrum data.
2. The method claim 1, wherein generating the combined Doppler spectrogram data according to the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies comprises:
performing a linear combination of the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies to generate the combined Doppler spectrum data.
3. The method claim 1, wherein generating the combined Doppler spectrogram data according to the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies comprises:
generating the combined Doppler spectrogram data according to an extremum of the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies at each point in time.
4. The method claim 1, wherein determining whether the life is detected according to the spectrum data comprises:
when a local extremum of the spectrum data is within a sign-of-life range, determining that the life is detected.
5. The method claim 1, wherein generating the combined Doppler spectrogram data according to the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies comprises:
enhancing the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies in the Doppler spectrogram data to generate a plurality of enhanced positive velocity energies and a plurality of enhanced negative velocity energies; and
generating the combined Doppler spectrogram data according to the plurality of enhanced positive velocity energies and the plurality of enhanced negative velocity energies.
6. The method claim 1, wherein generating the combined Doppler spectrogram data according to the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies comprises:
normalizing the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies in the Doppler spectrogram data to generate a plurality of normalized positive velocity energies and a plurality of normalized negative velocity energies; and
generating the combined Doppler spectrogram data according to the plurality of normalized positive velocity energies and the plurality of normalized negative velocity energies.
7. The method claim 1, further comprising:
filtering out data in the Doppler spectrogram data outside a velocity range.
8. The method claim 1, wherein the preprocessing procedure comprises filtering out a high frequency noise, reducing a sampling frequency, or removing a direct current component.
9. The method claim 1, wherein the first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform is a short time Fourier transform (STFT).
10. The method claim 1, wherein:
the first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform is a first Fourier transform, and the second time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform is a second Fourier transform.
11. A detection system for use to detect a life comprising:
a receiver configured to receive an echo signal comprising an in-phase component and a quadrature component, the echo signal being generated by a life;
a preprocessing circuit coupled to the receiver, and configured to perform a preprocessing procedure on the echo signal to generate a preprocessed signal; and
a processor coupled to the preprocessing circuit, and configured to generate, according to the preprocessed signal, complex conjugate data associated with the in-phase component and the quadrature component, perform a first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the complex conjugate data to generate Doppler spectrogram data comprising a plurality of positive velocity energies and a plurality of negative velocity energies, generate combined Doppler spectrogram data according to the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies, perform a second time time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the combined Doppler spectrogram data to generate spectrum data, and determine whether the life is detected according to the spectrum data.
12. The detection system of claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to perform a linear combination of the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies to generate the combined Doppler spectrum data.
13. The detection system claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data according to an extremum of the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies at each point in time.
14. The detection system claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to determine that the life is detected when a local extremum of the spectrum data is within a sign-of-life range.
15. The detection system of claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to enhance the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies in the Doppler spectrogram data to generate a plurality of enhanced positive velocity energies and a plurality of enhanced negative velocity energies, and generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data according to the plurality of enhanced positive velocity energies and the plurality of enhanced negative velocity energies.
16. The detection system of claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to normalize the plurality of positive velocity energies and the plurality of negative velocity energies in the Doppler spectrogram data to generate a plurality of normalized positive velocity energies and a plurality of normalized negative velocity energies, and generate the combined Doppler spectrogram data according to the plurality of normalized positive velocity energies and the plurality of normalized negative velocity energies.
17. The detection system of claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to filter out data in the Doppler spectrogram data outside a velocity range.
18. The detection system of claim 11, wherein the first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform is a short time Fourier transform.
19. The detection system of claim 11, wherein the first time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform is a first Fourier transform, and the second time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform is a second Fourier transform.
20. The detection system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to filter the combined Doppler spectrogram data to generate filtered Doppler spectrogram data; and
the processor is configured to perform the second time time-domain-to-frequency-domain transform on the filtered Doppler spectrogram data to generate the spectrum data.
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