US1186014A - Gas-analyzing apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

Hl Ll GAS ANALYZING APPARATUS. A'PPLICATIOK FILED FILI?. ISIL rammed June 6,1916.

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, H..L. Lowe. GAS ANALYZING APPARATUS.. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 27.19II.

i `Ptented June`6,f1916.

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H.- L. LOWE. v l v GAS ANALYZIYNGAPPARATUS. V lufmclmouA men its. 21. m1. j 1,186,014'. ,Y mmm@ e, 191e.

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l" o i WITHl ESSES l HENRY LOWE, PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

GAS-ANALYZING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 6, 1916.

Application filed February 27, 1911. Serial No. 611,219.

To all rwhom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY LELAND LOWE, a resident of Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Gas-Analyzing Apparatus; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to gas analyzing apparatus, 'and has special reference to an apparatus for analyzing gases used in mills, plants, and other places, such'as waste and other gases for operating gas engines, etc.

The object of my invention is to provide a simple and eflicient apparatus for use in connection with the application of what is known as Daltons law to the volumetric analysis of gases.

To these ends my invention consists,`gen erally stated, in the novel arrangement, construction and combination of parts of the apparatus as hereinafter more specilically sectional view of one of the valves employed.'

set" forth and described and particularly pointed out in the claims. y

Y To enable others skilled in the art to which' my invention appertains to construct and use my improved apparatus for analyzing gas, I will describe the same more fully, referring to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a front'elevation of my iinproved apparatus for analyzing gases. Fig.

2 isa side elevation ofthe saine. Fig. 3 is a front elevation, partly broken away, of a modification of the' indicating and recording device. Fig. it is a side; elevation ofthe same. Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of the gas entrance union and its connections. Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are detail views of the distributing cock employed. Fig. 9 is a Figs. 10, 11, and 12 are enlarged detail views of the recording device and its immediat operating mechanism. f A

Like symbols of reference herein indicate like parts in each of the figures of the drawings.

In the application of Daltons law to the volumetric analysis of gases, such law states that the productof the pressure and volume of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the products of the pressure and volumes of the constituents, measured at the same tem.- peratures. Therefore, the ratios of the pressures of a number of samples of gases, meas-- ured at equal volumes, is equal to the ratios ltact with a solutionwhich will ,absorb the constituent or constituents desired. Then separate the remaining gas from the solution and return the gas to the original or another vessel, and by mechanical means indicate or record, or both, the ratio ofthe difference in pressures between the treated and untreated gas to the pressure of the untreated gas which will be equal to or proportional to the volumetric analysis, so that if a dial or chart is used on which the indication or record is made be divided properly, the analysis may' be read directly in per cent.

The gas analyzing apparatus as hereinafter described is enabled tov give approximately correct indications by reason of the slowness in the change of atmospheric pres- Asure, and the results will at all times be almost absolutely correct. f In such a paratus there horizontally disposed. cylin ers 12 and 3 are shown withaxes parallel, ,which are provided with apiston (not sh0wn).in each of the saine and having a hollow vpiston rod 4s connected to each of the-same and' extending through each endofsaid 13 at both ends of said rods andl between the saine in order that the middle of power cylinder 2 can drive the other two cylinders `1 and 3. The power cylinder 2 is preferably driven by water pressure applied` ,thereto bythe water from the supply pipe 5 entering the union 5 where it passes through a very small hole 5 in a diaphragm 5a there'- 'in and thence is carried to the distributing cock 6A by the pipe 7. This cock 6 supplies -the water to alternateends of the cylinder 2 by the pipes 8 and 9 and with the parts as shownin Fig. 1 the pistons are in the cylinders so as to be connected to a yoke position nearing. the endv of the stroke on i,

the right hand end of the cylinders 1, 2 and 3. The water enters vthe cylinder 2 on the left by the pipe 8 and the cock lever 10 connected to the cock 6 is drawn by the rod 11 connected to said lever and post 12 o n the pressure of yoke 13 to the right, which will put the cock spring 14 connected between said cock and lever under suicient tension to move such cock through an angle slightly exceeding 90 degrees when lsaid cockis released, so that the water in the right hand end oi the said cylinder passes through the pipe 9 to the discharge pipe 15 by means of the said cock, and such pipe discharges such water through the cooler 16 into the drain 17 leading from said cooler.

The cock 6 carries the two pins 18 and 19, which alternately engage with the pin 20 on the pivoted lever 21, and the engagement of the pins 18 and 20 prevents a rotation of the said cock in a clockwise direction. When the pistons in the cylinders l, 2 and 3 reach the end of their stroke to the right and further movement oil the same is prevented by the heads on said cylinders, the water presn sure in the system to the right of the dau phragm 5a in the union 5 rises to the full the water in the pipe 5 to the left of such diaphragm and forces a small plunger 6" in the body of the cock 6 out against the lever 21, which raises said lever against the action of the spring 22 engaging with the same and releases the pin 18, so that such cock rotates until stopped by the pin 18 striking against the stop 23 on such cock casing. After the lever 21 has returned to its original position the pin 19 will engage with the pin 20 and thereby prevent a rotation of said cock iii a counter clockwise direction. The passage 6"' in the cock 6 will now connect the supply pipe 7 on theright hand end of the cylinder 2 through the pipe 9, while the pipe 8 is connected with the discharge pipe 15 through the other passages 6b in said cock, so that the pimons in the cylinders will move toward` the left end of such cylinders until the .purpose of containing gas,

end of the stroke ofthe same is reached and then the operation of said pistons and parts is repeated in the reverse direction. l

The cylinders 1 and 3 are used for the pistons move toward the right it will cause a reduction ofpressu're of the contents atv the left hand end of the cylinder 1, and this reduction in pressure during the movement of' the pistons will continue until such pressure has dropped sufliciently to establish a flow of the gas to be analyzed through "the pipe 25 within the cooler 16, and connected to the union 24 on the top end thereof. The pipe 25 extends into the water 1n the container 26, and as the gas passes through the said pipe into the said water it bubbles up through the same and becomes saturated with water vapor at the existing tempera ture, after which it passes through the pipe 27 connected to said container above the water therein aand through the check valve 29 in said pipe into the cylinder l.

and when their lcylinder keeps said valve closed, and the arrows on the check valves show the directions in which the iuids may pass through them. In the meantime the contents of. the said cylinder l on the right hand end, such as having been drawn into the cylinder in the previous stroke to the left in a manner 'similar to that just described, is compressed until its' pressure rises suiliciently to establish a flow of the gasV through the pipe 31, check valve 32, and pipe 34 to the container 35, which contains the solntion which will absorb the constituent or constituents of the gas desired, where it bubbles through said solution with certain portions being absorbed thereby and the remainder deliv- .ered to'the pipe 36 leading from said container. .To prevent a possible flow of the gas through the pipe 37 and check valve 38 into the container, the check valve 38, as well as the check valve 32 in the pipe 31 is spring operated in any 'suitable manner to hold the valve to its seat. The gas after treatment in the container 35 passes through the pipe 36, cheek valve 40 and pipe 41 to the left hand end of the cylinder 3 and the gas in the right hand end of said cylinder is pressed out through the check valve 82 into the atmosphere, or can be delivered to a second analyzing unit to analyze another constituent of the gas.

The contents of the cylinder 1 is in communication with the aneroid 44 by means 4of the pipe 43. The contents of the cylinder 3 is similarly in communication with the aneroid 46 by the pipe 45, this aneroid being subjected to the same external atmospheric pressure. These-aneroids 44 [and 46 are connected together by means of made integrally solid with the block 48. If this rod 47 and block 48 were absent the aneroid 44 would be deflected to a degree proportional to the difference in pressure between the contents of the cylinder 3 and the atmosphere. Similarly the aneroid- 46 would be deflected to a degree proportional to the difference in pressure between the contents of the cylinder 3 and the atmosphere.- Connecting them rigidly, however by the rod 47 and the block 48 produces a combined deflection or movement of the rod 47 block 48 which is proportional to the diderence in pressure between the contents of the cylinder 1 and 'he cylinder 3. This motion of the block 48 is -communicated to the lever 52 which is pivoted on the pin 52, which in turn is rigidly secured to the frame 50 of the instrument. rBhe motion of this lever 52 is further communicated to the 4bell crank 53 by means of the lever 57, and the pin 55 secured to the reach rod 58. The bell crank 53 transmits the motion to hell crank 54 and l the rod 47 and Y 'which moves overthe surface lof the paper to restrict the motion of the pointer 54 toE within the bounds of the paper for the difference in pressure in the cylinders 1 and 3 to be measured, the fiat spring 49 is provided. This spring 49 is rigidly secured to the block 4S and is clamped to the frame 50 by means` of the screw shown in clamp block 52. The clamp 51 may be so adjusted as to alter the length ofthe fiat spring 49 and consequently change the external torque on the aneroids so that for a given pressure difference any scale deiiection desired may be obtained. This torque, it will be seen from the character of the spring, is proportional to the deflection of the block 48. It is desirable to record this difference in pressure in the aneroids 44 and 46 only when the analysis has been completed, that is when the pistons in the cylinders 1 and 3 have reached the ends of their strokes. WVhen the end of the stroke is reached, therefore,the mechanism is so arranged that the rod 65 is raisedand depresses the bell crank 64 against the end of the bell crank 54, pressing the end of the latter against the inked thread 63 and forcing the inked thread against the paper 59 with suficient p-ressure to make a mark thereon. This mark on the paper referred to the Zero line on the paper, that is the position which the pointer on the bell crank 54 takes when the pressure in the aneroid 44 is equal to the pressure in the aneroid 46, is a measure of the diiference in pressures in the aneroids 44 and 46 and consequently the difference in pressures in the cylinders 1 and 3.

If the absolute pressure of the gas in the cylinder l is constant, this record-on the paper 59 measured above the zero line on the paper is a measureof the analysis of the gas by Daltons law. In practice, however, the gas would be delivered to the cylinder 1 at a constant pressure above or below atmospheric pressure instead of at an absolute constant pressure. The record on the paper 59,

therefore, represents a true analysis of the gas as long as the atmospheric pressure is constant. Should this vary, the distances onthe paper 59 would have to be measured to a new scale or the ratio of the lever arms in the instrument would have to be altered to give a correct analysis at the existing scale of the paper. For this reason aneroid 56 is provided, which is defiected by changes in atmospheric pressure, moving the pin 55, whereby the action of the lever 52 is communicated to the bell crank 53 up and down in the slot provided in the end of .the lever and the end of the bell crank.

atmospheric pressure will collapse the aneroid 56, moving the rod 58` downward by means of the lever 57, thereby moving the pin 55 nearer the pin 522%, shortening the longer arm of the lever 55 and lengthening the shorter arm of the bell crank 53, thereby reducing the deflection of the enolf the bell crank 54 for a given motion of thev block y 48 which connects aneroids 44 and 46.

Fluctuations in atmospheric pressures are not great, and, therefore, this correction applied through the aneroid 56, lever 57., arm

58 and pin 55 may not be made precisely,-

due to the fact that errors therein will, to a very slight degree, be reflected in the result desired, viz: the analysis of the gas.

A roll of paper as at 59 is adapted to be fed between the surfaces of the cylinders 60 and 61 by any suitable clock 62 connected to the shaft 60 of said cylinder 60, while infront of the paper and parallel with the axis of the said cylinder passes an inked thread 63, which also passes around suitable rollers63 supported on 'the frame 50, and above'said thread swings the pointed end 54 of the bell crank 54. A broad bell crank .64 is adapted to press the end 54 of. the

It will be yseen from the drawing that an increase in is connected to the short arm of said crank,

as at 65, and the other end of which is connected to the arm 66 secured to the cock 6, so that the record of the crank 54 on the paper 59 from the roll 59 through the mediuin of said crank 64 is onlymade when the pistons in the cylinders are at the endof their strokes, and if the said paper.l is ruled to the proper scale the record thereon, as so given, will give the analysis of the gas.

In case it isdesired to analyze for another constituent or group of constituents the discharge gas from the above described apparatus may be piped to the intake of a similar one and the operation repeated with another absorbent,

In Figs. 3 and 4 is shown an apparatus for indicating, as wellas recording the analysis of the gas, in which case the rod 65 of the apparatus is connected to the .cock 67 by the arm 67, and the pipe -43 transmits the pressure from the cylinder 1 to said cock, while the pipe 45 transmits the pressure in the cylinder 3 also to said cock, so that each time the cock 6 changes position the reach rod 65 will open said cock 67 momentarily and the pressure in the pipe 43 is transthe gas cylinders 1 and 3, and Wh mitted to aneroid box 68 by the pipe 69 while the pressure in the pipe is transmitted to aneroid box 70 by the pipe 71. These aneroid boxes 68 and 70 are connectu ed by the rod 72 carrying the pin 7?, and the motion of said pin depends upon the dierence in pressure in the two boXes and can be controlled by a flat spring, as before described, for the recorder, if desired. The lever 7a formed of suitable materials and fitting around the pin 7 3, transmits the motion to the bell crank 7 5 to Which it is pivoted at 74 and is also pivoted to the short arm 75', and its longer arm 75" carries the pen 7 6 at its endso such pen makes a trace on the circular paper 77 secured to a clock driven dial 7 Sand turning around the axis 79. The lever 74 has its fulcrum in one end of the lever 80, which is actuated by the aneroid barometer 81 to Which said lever is pivoted at 80', and this barometer'makes a correctionto the deiection of the bell crank 75, so that the record on the dial 78, when read to the proper scale,'as divided on the paper '77, will give the analysis of the gas, while correction for Vtemperature in' said barometer is accomplished by the materials of which lever 7 4 is constructed.

It Will be evidentI that the motor formed by the cylinder 2 can be replaced by any other kind of an engine or motor, or other means may be substituted in order to o erate ile the apparatus shown and described is automatic in its operation, it Will be obvious that other forms or devices can be constructed and used for both laboratory and plant Work, and which may either be automatic or non-automatic in their operations, so that various modifications and changes in the apparatus employed in my improved analyzing of gases may be resorted to, Without departing from the spirit ofthe invention or sacriicing any of its advantages.

It will thus be seen that my invention in connection with the improved apparatus for analyzing gases yvill be Well adapted in use for the purpose for Which it is intended and the analysis of a constituent or constituents in the gas can be made sutiiciently accurate, as desired.

. 'Vhat 1 claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent isl 1. An apparatus for analyzing gases, comprising means for measuring the ratio of the pressure of the gas after treating with an absorbent to the pressure of the gas before such treatment.

2. An apparatus for analyzing gases, comprising means for measuring the ratio of the pressure of the gas after treating with an absorbent to the pressure of the gas before such treatment and recording the same.

i 3. An apparatus for analyzing gases, comprising means for measuring the ratio of the difference of the pressure of the gas before and after treatment with an absorbent to the pressureof the gas before such treatment.

4. An apparatus for analyzing gases, comu prising a container for holding a sample of the gas desired to be analyzed, another container, and means for removing such gas from said first named container and passing the same through an absorbent to remove a desired constituent and into said last named container, and means for measuring the ratio of the difference of the pressure of said gas before and after treatment With said absorbent to the pressure of the gas before such treatment.

5. An apparatus for analyzing gases, comprising a container for Vholding a sample of the gas desired to be analyzed, another container, and means for removing such gas from said first named container and passing Athe same through an absorbent to remove a desired constituent and into said last named container, and means for measuring the ratio of the diference of the pressure of said gas after treatment With said absorbent to the pressure of the gas before such treatment.

6. An apparatus for analyzing gases, comprising a container for holding a sample of the gas desired to be analyzed, another container, and automatic means for removing such gas from said rst named container and passing the same through an absorbent to re- `move a desired constituent and intosaid last named container, and means for measuring the ratio of the difference of the pressure of said gas before and after treatment With said absorbent to the pressure of the gas before such treatment.

7. An apparatus for analyzing gases, comprising a container for holding a sample of the gas desired to be analyzed, another container, and automatic means for removing such gas from said first named Container and passing the same through an absorbent to remove a desired constituent and into said last named container, and means for measuring the ratio of the difference of the pressure of said gas after treatment With said absorbent to the pressure of the gas before such treatment.

8. An apparatus for analyzing gases, comprising a container for holding a sample of the gas desired to be analyzed, another container, automatic means for removing such gas from said first named container and passing the same through an absorbent `to remove a desired constituent and into said last named container, and means for measuring the ratio of the difference of the pressure of said gas before and after treatment with said absorbent to the pressure of the gas before such treatment, and means for indicating the ratio of such pressures.

9. An apparatus for automatically analyzing gases, comprising a container for hold- 130 ing a sample of the gas desired to be analyzed, a container for holding a sample of the .gas after treatment, and means connected to said containers for passing the gas to be treated from said first named container through an absorbent to removeA a desired constituent from said gas and Ato pass the remaining part of such gas into said last named container, and means for measuring lthe ratio of the difference of the pressures of said gas before and after treatment to the pressure of a succeeding untreated sample in the lfirst named container.

10. An apparatus for automatically alia;

lyzing gases, comprising a container for hold-"3 ing a sample of the gas desired to be analyzed, a container for holding a sample of the gas after treatment, and means connected to said containers for passing the` gas to be treated from said first named container through an absorbent to remove a desired i constituent from said gas and to pass the remaining part of such gas into said last named container, and means for measuring the ratiol of the pressure of said gas after treatment to the pressure of a succeeding untreated sample 1n the first named container. l1. An apparatus for automatically ana-y lyzing gases, comprising a container for holding a sample of the gas desired to be analyzed, a container for holding a sample of the gas after treatment, means connected to said f containers for passing the gasto'be treated from said first named container through an from said first named container through an absorbent to remove a desired constituent from said gas and to pass the remaining part of such gas into said last named container, and means for measuring the ratio of the difference of the pressure of said gas before and .after treatment to the pressure o'f a succeeding untreated sample in the first named container, and reciprocating means within said containers for passing the sarnple of the gas out of the same and for drawing in another.

12. An apparatus for automatically analyzing gases, comprising a container for holding a sample of the) gas desired to be analyzed, a container for holding a sample of the gas after treatment, means connected to said containers for passing the gas to be treated absorbent to` remove a desired constituent from said gas and to pass the remaining part of such gas into said last named container, and means for measuring the ratio ofthe pressure of said gas after treatment to the pressure of a succeeding untreated sample in the first named container, and reciprocating means within said containers for passinfr the. sample of the gas out of the same and for drawing in another.

13. 'An apparatus for automatically analyzing gases, comprising a container for holding a sample of the gas desired to bev analyzed, a container'for holding a sample of from said first named container through an,

absorbent to remove a desired constituent from said gas and to pass the remaining part of such gas into said last named container, and means for measuring the ratio of the difference of the pressures of said gas before and after treatment to` the pressure of a succeeding untreated sample in the first named container, and reciprocating means within said containers for passing the sample of the gas out of the same and for drawing in another.

14. Anapparatus for automatically analyzing gases, comprising a container for holding a sample ofthe vgas desired to be analyzed, a container for holding a sample of the gas after treatment, pistons in said containers for passing the'gas to be treated from said first named container through an absorbent t0 remove a desired constituent from said gas and to pass the remaining part of such gas into said last named container, and means for measuring'the ratio of the' pressure of said gas after treatment to the pressure of a succeeding untreated sample in the first namedcontainer, and reciprocating means within said vcontainers forL lpassing the sample of the gas out of the same and for drawing in another.

15. An apparatus for automatically analyzing gases, comprisinga container for holding a sample of the gas desired to be analyzed, a container for holding a sample of theV 'gas after treatment, pistons in said containers for passing the gas to be treated from said first named container through an ab` sorbent to remove a desired constituent .from said gas and to pass the remaining part of such gas into said last named container, and means for measuring'the ratio of the difference of the pressures of said gas before and after treatment to the pressure of a succeeding untreated sample inthe first named container, reciprocating means within said containers for passing the sample of the gas out of the same and for drawing in another, and means connected to said pistons for reciprocating the same.

16. An apparatus for automatically analyzing gases, comprising a container for holdlng a sample of the gas desired to be analyzed, a container for holding a' sample of means within said containers for passing the sample of the gas out of the same and drawing in another, and means connected to said pistons for reciprocating the same.

17. An apparatus for automatically analyzing gases, comprising a container for holding a sample of the gas desired to be analyzed, a container Jfor holding a sample of the gas after treatment, pistons in said con-- tainers -for passing the gas to be' treated from said first named container through an absorbent to remove a desired constituent from said gas and to pass the remaining part of such gas lnto said last named container, and

' V.means for measuring the ratio/of the diierence of the pressures of said gas before and after treatment to the pressure of a succeeding untreated sample in the first named container, reciprocating,r means within said containers for passing the sample of the gas out of the same and for drawing in another, means connected to said pistons for reciproeating the same, rods connected to said pi"- tons and extending through said containers,

and means connected to said rods for reciprocating said pistons.

18. An apparatus for automatically analyzing gases, comprising a container for holdy ing a sample of the gas desired to be analyzed, a container for holding a sample of the gas after treatment, pistons in said containers for passing the gas to be treated from said first named container through an absorbent to remove a desired constituent from said gas and to pass the remaining part of such gas into said last named container, and means for measuring the ratio of the pressure of said gas after treatment to the pressure of a succeeding untreated sample in the first named container, reciprocating means Within said containers for passing the sample of the gas out of the same and for drawing in another, means connected to said pistons for reciprocating the same, rods connected to said pistons and 'extending through said contalners, and means connected to said rods for reciprocating said pistons.

In testimony whereof, I, the said HENRY LELANn Lows,

HENRY LELAND LOWE. Witnesses:

T. B. HUMrHnms, J W. COOKE.

have hereunto set .my hand. 50

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