US1184687A - Power-actuated pneumatic hammer. - Google Patents

Description

L. E. GULLY. POWERACTUATED PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 5| 19|]-V 4 PatentedMay 23,1916.

QMS@ w ....4 rilw H LOUIS E. GOLIiY, 0F BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

IPO'VVEIR.-AG'FITA'.II'IIEZII) PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

Meinst.

x- Specication of Letters Patent.

^ Patented May as, iaie.

Appli-cation led May 5, 1911. Serial-No. 625,323.

lar tools in which the Hammer blow is de-4 livered under the influenceu of air compression, andV wherein theoperatin-g part which delivers the hammer blow' is withdrawn by suction or rarefaction of air into position to enable it to deliver its blows.

The object of the invention is to provide a construction which is simpleand eilicient in operation, for pneumatically operating hammers or other devices by the air compressing and rarefying action of a'piston operating in a cylinder or tube. i

A further object of the invention is to provide a device or tool of the character referred to which is economical to manufacture, and capable of easy and ready appli- -cation to its work, and may-be easilyontrolled in its operation. p

A further object of the invention is to provide a tool or device of the nature referred to wherein the power exerted in delivering the hammer blow of the instrument may beI regulated.

Other objects of the invention will appearl more fully hereinafter. u

"lhe` invention consists substantially in the construction, combination, location and relative arrangement of parts, all as will be more fully hereinafter set forth, as shown in the accompanying drawing, and linally pointed out in the appended claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawing, and to the various views and reference signs appearing thereon,-ll`igure 1 is a view in suction or rareication vof air into position to pressing and rarefying action of afpiston vcentral longitudinal section sho-wing a construction of tool or device, 1n itsslmplest form, embodying the principles of my in.

vention. Fig; 2 is a similar view, hshowing a modified arrangement embodying the principles' of myinvention, and the provi-- sion of means for controlling the hammer actionof the'devlce.

the device shown inl*1 ig. 2. F ig. 1 is a view Fig. 3 is a broken view` f in plan of a portion of the working end of `central section showing a slightly modified arrangement of certain of device shown in Fig.` 2.

In carrying out my invention, andas fundamental characteristics thereof, l emply a cylindrical tube in which operates a pisthe details of theJ ton, being reciprocated longitudinally in said cylinder in any suitable or desired manner. Also operatingloosely in said .cylinder is a plunger constituting the hammer. The action of the piston inwrarefying and compressing atmospheric air 'within the cylinder or tube, is employed in carrying out my invention, for withdrawing the hammer'or plunger from its work, and in causing said' hammer or plunger to deliver its hammer blo-w. In the' more refined embodiments of;

the broad idea of my invention, means are provided forcontrolling the rarefyingmorsuction and compressing action of the piston as regards the influence exerted thereby upon the plunger or hammer. broadest scope, vas deined in the claims,`my invention yis not to be limited or to 'these refinements.

In Fig. 1, I have shown the simplest fform of embodiment of my inventionwherein 5 designates a cylinder in which operates a piston 6, and a plunger or hammer 7, the' piston and plunger fltting loosely within the But in its restricted cylinder. A shank 8, of a tool or other de- ,I

vice to be actuated, is inserted into one end ofthe cylinder `5, in line iwith the cylinder and hammer, and in such relation, that the hammer or plunger whenoperated, delivers its hammer blow thereonf A convenient arrangement' is shown wherein the cylinder 5 is provided with a-reduced extended por /tion 9 at one end thereof, through 'the' bore ofwhich the shank 8 of the ltool extends slightly into the cylinder 5 and in positior to receivethe hammer blow of the plunger 7.

The piston 6 may be reciprocated in the cylinder 5 by any suitable power actuated 'devices As an ctx-amplification of anoperative embodiment of means to this end, I have shown a piston rod 10, connected to the piston atone endand to an eccentric strap 11, at its other end, said eccentric strap op- By reason of the loose ttingof the-plun-v ger 7, and piston 6, inthe cylinder, `more or ien .erating on. an eccentric 12, carried by a `less air is confined to a greater or less degreev in the space between the proximate or juxtaposed inner surfaces of the piston and the plunger during the out-stroke of the piston, and a greater or less degree of rarefa'ccylinder, so as'to deliver a hammer blow upon the end of the tool shank arranged to receive the blow. Thus it will be seen that a body of air is maintained inl the cylinder between the piston and the plunger, this air being compressed in the outstroke of the piston, and utilized to cause the plunger to deliver its hammer blow, and being rareed during the in-stroke of the piston to create a suction action which draws the plunger inwardly into the cylinder preparatory to delivering its succeeding hammer blow., The

operation yis exceedingly simple and by operating the hammer or plunger by suction and compression, I avoid and prevent the crystallizing action upon the parts of the apparatus due to the percussive action of devices of thisnatre.

Another and most imptant advantage is that I avoid the shock and vibration iml parted to workmen in the use of the device and which would otherwise be imparted in fthe practical operation of the instrument, Vparticularly where the piston is operated at a high rate of speed ,to cause the hammer or plunger to deliver several hundred or thousand hammer blows per minute.

It may sometimes be desirable to provide means `for controlling the operation'of the lplunger or hammer, that is, of controlling the compressing and rarefying action of the piston, and supply and exhaust of air to and from the'. space between the piston and the plunger or hammer.

In u Fig. 2, I have shown one form of means for accomplishing this result. In `this case the cylinder 14 is arranged in line with the piston 15, which reciprobates therein.

x The hammer or plunger 16 also operates within the cylinder, the piston and plunger being fitted to reciprocate smoothly and easily throughthe bore of the cylinder. The

working end of the cylinder is provided with an opening or bore to l receive the shank 17 of the tool upon which the plunger delivers its hammer `blow. The cylinder is provided withdaterall' ports ata convenient pointin its length indicated at 18. Surrounding the 'cylinder ,is ,a control sleeve 19,

capable of longitudinal sliding movement upon the cylinder 14. A spring 20, is interposedqbetween a shoulder 21, on the cylinder, .and a "coperating shoulder 22, formed on .the sleeve 19, the tension of the spring normally tending to maintain the sleeve pressed endwise against the shoulder 23, on a fixed part of the casing. The interior of the sleeve 19, is provided with a surface 50 in which is formed a port opening 2l, which port normally registers with the ports 18. When however, the sleeve is shifted endwise against the action of spring 20 the surface 50 lcloses the ports 18.' The port 24, in the sleeve, communicates with the outer air, and when the sleeve is in the normal position shown in Fig. 2, the ports 24 and 18 are in registration with each other. It is obvious that under these circumstances the interior of the cylinder isfreely open to the outer air through said registering ports, and consequently reciprocations of the piston under these conditions do not create substantial compression or suction action and the hammer or plunger 16 in such case remains idle. When, however, the port 18 is closed by the port 24 being carried out of register with it, by shifting the sleeve 19 endwise against spring 20, then the rarefying or suction and compressing operations take place in the cylinder by reciprocation of the piston therein with consequent proper operation of the hammer or plunger 16.

It may sometimes be desirable to adjustably regulate the stroke of the plunger or hammer 16. A simple method of accomplishing this is shown in Fig. 4 wherein the cylinder 14 is provided with a series of ports 25, 26, 27 spaced suitable distances apart, lengthwise of the cylinder, and the sleeve 19 is provided .with coperating ports 28, 29 and 30. Theport 28 is of a size corresponding to and coperating with the cylinder ports 25, as shown in Fig. 4, of the drawing. When the vports 28 and 25 lare in register lwith each other, the ports 26-29 and 27-30 are also in register with each other, and consequently the suction and compression action of the piston 15, so far as it is elfective on the hammer or plunger. 16, is applied only in the space `between the port 25, and theplunger 16, since the air exhaust through the ports 27, 26 and 25 during the outstroke of the piston prevents compression, until .after the pistonpasses beyond the port 25, in such outstroke, thereafter the. compression of the body of'air confined between the advaning end o f the piston, and the proximate end of the plunger takes place, causing the latter to deliver a shortv hammer Ablow. In case the piston does not pass the -port 25 in its outstroke then, under the conditions stated there will be no operation Vof the hammer. If now, the sleeve 19 is shifted endwise against the action ofspring 20 until the port 29, of substantially double the area o f port 26, so as to maintain register relatlon therewith after the port. 25, has been closed. For the same reason the port 30,

p is made three times the area of ports 27-26 or 25 so as to maintain registration with port 27 after port 25 is closed and also after port f .26 is closed. 'Ihe closing of port 25, will ger.

`1 tated.

the casing and the then provide a larger space or area -in the cylinder in which suction andcompressing actions take place and hence a heavier blow and a longer stroke is delivered by the plun- The compression and suction action and the length oflstroke of the plunger is still further increased by closing the port 26, by still further shifting the sleeve, with the ports 30 and 27 still. 1n register.. The passages 31 aj'ord communication from the outer air to the several ports, and the rings or surfaces 32 serving as valves to close the ports 25, 26, 27 according as the sleeve is.

shifted.

It may be desirable to cause axial-Inovement of the tool in the performance of its work, and according to the character of the workto be performed. 'Io accomplish this result, I propose to employ `the sleeve 1.9 which in the use of the apparatus is grasped by the hand of the workman The cylinder 14; is mounted for axial roative movement, andv a finger 33 on the sle seat or a groove 34, at a .convenientpoint in the exterior surfacel of the cylinder, or the tool-head thereof. By rotating the sleeve, the' tool .and cylinder are also axially 'ro- 'Ihis ,construction alsol serves to maintain the sleeve and cylinder in proper relation withl respect to each other for the ports thereof to properly coperate in the performance of theirfunction, that is, axial displacement o f the sleeve and cylinder relatively to each otheriis prevented. Where `it is desired to axially rotate the tool, its shank may be suitably connected to the bore of the cylinderI end in which it works, as for in-` stance by a key or spline 53. AIt will be seen .that the axial rotation of the cylinder and sleeve is independent of any movement of connections.

In Fig. 2, I have shown thepiston actuated lby a crank construction indicated generally by reference sign A, said crank construction being arranged within the casing B, to which crankl device ai piston rod C, is

connected, said` plston rod lbeing suitably connected yto the piston to operate the latter.

tion of crank connection shown, as the same forms the ysubject matter of another application executed of even date herewith. lAs

above stated, however, the piston may bev ve, engages in a piston and its operating.

operated, so far-as the present invention is concerned, by any suitable or convenient driving mechanism. c

'Ihe device, if desired, and to facilitate the handling thereof, may be provided with a suitable 4handle D, by which it may be held' and manipulated.

While I havev shown and described specific details of structure and arrangement, I Wish it to be understood, that my invention, in its broadest scope, as defnedin the claims, is not to be limited or restricted to specific details. But,

Having now set forth the object and nature of my invention and various construc-` tions embodying the principles thereof7 what I claimas new and useful and ,of my own invention and desire tosecure by Let ters LPatent is 1. In a device of. the kind described, aA

cylinder, a piston and a plunger mounted to reciprocate therein in 'line with each other, means for reciprocating the piston, said cylinder having a series of normally open ports spaced vapart from each other in the direction of the length ofthe cylinder and located between the plunger and piston when in their extreme displaced positionsA with respect to each other, and means for 'closing said ports in successive order to any desired extent or succession.

2. In' a device of the kind described, a

erating to close 'said ports in successive order to any desired extent of succession.

3. In a device of the kind described, a cylinder, al piston adapted to reciprocate in the rear end of the cylinder, a plunger als'q adapted tol reciprocate in the cylinder, at-

the forward end thereof,the cylinder having .a port at its forward end leadingto atmosphere, means forreciprocatin the piston, said cylinder having intermedlate its ends and intermediate the plunger. 'and piston when inttheirA extreme displacedr positions relative to each other, a series of normally open ports spaced apart fromy each other in 'the direction ofthe length of the cylinder,

afd a spring resisted member slidable longitudinally of the cylinder to closesaid ports in and to any desired extent of succession. Ido not clalm hereinthe specific construc,

4. In a'devivce of the kind described, a

cylinder, la piston and a plunger mounted to Y l reciprocate therein in'line with eachother, rmeans for reciprocatin the piston, said cylinder having a serles o normally open ports spaced apart from each other in the direction of the length of the cylinder and a sleeve surrounding said cylinder and slidable longitudinally thereon, for4 closing said 'spaced apart from each other in the direction ofthe length of the cylinder and adapted to be" covered and uncovered by the piston in its reciprocation, said ports being of respectively increasing size, and means for covering and uncovering the ports outside of the cylinder.

6. In a device of the kind described, a cylinder, a' piston and a plunger mounted to reciproc'ate therein in line with eachother, means for reciprocating thepiston, said cylinder having a series of sets 'of normally open ports, each set comprising a plurality of ports circumferentially of' the cylinder, the said sets being spaced apart from each other in the direction of the length of the cylinder and means for closing said sets of ports in and to any desired extent of succession.

7. In a device ofthe kind described, a cylinder, a piston and a plunger mounted to reciprocate therein in line with each other, means for reciprocating the piston,

'said cylinder having a series of sets of ports,

the said sets being spaced apart from each other in the direction of the length of the cylinder and adapted to be covered and uncovered by the piston -in its reciprocation and each set comprising a plurality of ports disposed transversely around the cylinder, and means for covering and uncovering the ports `outside Vof the cylinder, said means comprising a sleeve member provided with openings adapted to register with the several ports of the cylinder and having alsoy passages connecting the several openings.

8. In a device of the kind described, a casing, driving means withinthe casing, a cylinder mounted for free axial rotative movement relatively to the casing, and having ports through the wall thereof, aA piston connected to the driving means'and adapted to reciprocate within F'the cylinder at one end, a member adapted to reciprocate within the cylinder at its other end and a sleeve surrounding the cylinder and keyed thereto, said sleeve movable endwise to cover and uncover said ports.

9. In a device ofthe kind described, a casing, driving means within the casing, a cylinder mounted for axial rotative move.-

ment relatively to the casing, a piston connected to the driving means andadapted to reciprocate Within the cylinder, a plunger also adapted to reciprocate Within the cylinder in line with the piston, said cylinder having a series of ports spaced apart from each other in the direction of the length of the cylinder and intermediate the piston and plunger when in their positions of greatest separation, and a sleeve surrounding the cylinder and keyed thereto but slidable longitudinally thereon, for closing said ports in and to any desired extent of succession.

10. In a device of the kind described, a casing, driving means within the casing, a cylinder mounted for axial rotative movement relatively to the casing, a piston connected to the driving means and adapted to reciprocate Within the cylinder, a plunger also ladapted to reciprocate within the cylinder in line with the piston, said cylinder having a series of ports spaced apart from each other in the direction of the length of the cylinder, and intermediate the piston and plunger when in their positions of greatest separation, a sleeve surrounding said cylinder and keyed thereto but slidable longitudinally thereon, for closing said ports in and to any desired yextent of succession, and means to yieldingly retain said sleeve in position to open said ports.

11. In a device of the'kind described, y

a cylinder and a piston mounted to reciprocate therein, means for reciprocating said piston, a plunger also mounted to reciprocate freely in said cylinder, said piston operating to alternately rarefy and'compress the air in the space in the cylinder between the piston and plunger to actuate the latter -Without contacting therewith. v

12. In a device of the kind described, a cylinder and a piston mounted to reciprocate therein, means for reciprocating sai Hpiston, a plunger also mounted to reciprocate freely in said cylinder, said piston operating to .alternately .rarefy and compress the air in the space in the cylinder between the piston and plunger to actuate the latter without contacting therewith, and means to confine air in said space, and means to vary the volume of said air, thereby varying the rarefying and compressing action of the piston thereon.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, in theI presence of the subscribing witnesses, on this 29th day .of April,

SAMUEL E. DARBY.

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