US11829224B2 - Method of operating memory device and memory device performing the same - Google Patents
Method of operating memory device and memory device performing the same Download PDFInfo
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- US11829224B2 US11829224B2 US17/742,175 US202217742175A US11829224B2 US 11829224 B2 US11829224 B2 US 11829224B2 US 202217742175 A US202217742175 A US 202217742175A US 11829224 B2 US11829224 B2 US 11829224B2
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Definitions
- Exemplary embodiments relate generally to semiconductor integrated circuits, and more particularly to methods for operating memory devices and memory devices for performing such methods.
- Semiconductor memory devices can be generally divided into two categories depending upon whether they retain stored data when disconnected from power. These two categories are referred to as volatile memory devices, which lose stored data when disconnected from power, and nonvolatile memory devices, which retain stored data when disconnected from power. Recently, the volatile memory device may be employed in various mobile systems. Since it is important to reduce power consumption of the mobile system, researchers are also conducting various research projects on techniques to reduce power consumption of the volatile memory device included in the mobile system.
- At least one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method of operating a memory device capable of efficiently reducing power consumption in an idle mode, such as a power down mode, a sleep mode, or the like.
- At least one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a memory device that performs the method of operating the memory device.
- a first command to allow the memory device to enter an idle mode is received.
- a reference time interval is adjusted based on process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variation associated with the memory device.
- the reference time interval is used to determine a start time point of a power control operation for reducing power consumption of the memory device.
- a first time interval during which the idle mode is maintained is internally measured based on the first command.
- the power control operation is performed in response to the first time interval being longer than the reference time interval.
- a memory device includes a command decoder, a timer, a reference time interval control circuit, a power control circuit and a logic block.
- the command decoder receives a first command to allow the memory device to enter an idle mode.
- the timer internally measures a first time interval during which the idle mode is maintained based on the first command.
- the reference time interval control circuit adjusts a reference time interval based on process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variation associated with the memory device.
- the reference time interval is used to determine a start time point of a power control operation for reducing power consumption of the memory device.
- the power control circuit performs the power control operation in response to the first time interval being longer than the reference time interval. Power consumption of the logic block is reduced by the power control operation.
- a first command to allow the memory device to enter an idle mode is received and a power control enable signal is generated based on the first command
- a reference time interval is adjusted based on process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variation associated with the memory device.
- the reference time interval is used to determine a start time point of a power control operation for reducing power consumption of the memory device.
- a first time interval during which the idle mode is maintained is internally measured using a timer that is activated based on the power control enable signal.
- the power control operation is performed, using a power control circuit that is activated based on the power control enable signal, in response to the first time interval being longer than the reference time interval.
- the power control operation is terminated and the idle mode is exited.
- the idle mode is exited without performing the power control operation.
- the reference time interval is set based on characteristics of a plurality of transistors included in the memory device. The characteristics of the plurality of transistors are determined when the memory device is manufactured. The reference time interval is set based on an operating voltage of the memory device. The reference time interval is set based on an operating temperature of the memory device.
- the first time interval during which the memory device maintains the idle mode may be detected, the power control operation may be omitted when the first time interval is shorter than or equal to the reference time interval, and the power control operation may be performed only when the first time interval is longer than the reference time interval to reduce the power consumption of the memory device.
- the reference time interval may be adjusted or controlled based on process, voltage and temperature information, and thus an optimal timing for performing the power control operation when the memory device enters the idle mode may be determined. Accordingly, the power consumption of the memory device may be efficiently reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a memory device according to exemplary embodiments.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for describing an operation mode of a memory device according to exemplary embodiments.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are block diagrams illustrating a memory device according to exemplary embodiments.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a timer included in a memory device of FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- FIGS. 6 , 7 and 8 are diagrams illustrating examples of a process, voltage and temperature table included in a reference time interval control circuit included in a memory device of FIG. 4 .
- FIGS. 9 and 10 are block diagrams illustrating examples of a power control circuit included in a memory device of FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of adjusting a reference time interval in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating another example of adjusting a reference time interval in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart for describing an operation of FIG. 12 .
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating still another example of adjusting a reference time interval in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart for describing an operation of FIG. 14 .
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating examples of adjusting a reference time interval and internally measuring a first time interval in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an example of performing a power control operation in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart for describing an operation of FIG. 17 .
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating another example of performing a power control operation in FIG. 1 .
- FIGS. 20 and 21 are flowcharts for describing an operation of FIG. 19 .
- FIGS. 22 and 23 are flowcharts illustrating a method of operating a memory device according to exemplary embodiments.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram for describing a method of operating a memory device according to exemplary embodiments.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram illustrating a memory system including a memory device according to exemplary embodiments.
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram illustrating a computing system including a memory device according to exemplary embodiments.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a memory device according to exemplary embodiments.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for describing an operation mode of a memory device according to exemplary embodiments.
- the memory device operates in a normal mode in which a normal operation is performed and an idle mode (or a low power mode) in which a low power operation is performed.
- a normal mode 110 represents a general operation mode in which a data write operation, a data read operation, or the like, are performed.
- An idle mode 120 includes a power down mode, a sleep mode, a deep sleep mode, or the like, for reducing power consumption of the memory device, and may further include a refresh mode in which a refresh operation is performed to preserve, retain or maintain stored data.
- the memory device enters the idle mode 120 from the normal mode 110 in response to receiving a first command CMDE, and exits the idle mode 120 in response to receiving a second command CMDX and returns to the normal mode 110 .
- a power control operation 140 for reducing power consumption of the memory device may not be immediately performed as soon as the memory device enters the idle mode 120 .
- a time measurement operation 130 may be performed to measure a time interval (or duration) during which the idle mode 120 is maintained, and then a trigger signal TRG for performing the power control operation 140 may be generated only when the measured time interval is longer than a reference time interval, and then the power control operation 140 may be performed based on the trigger signal TRG
- the first command CMDE may be a command for entering the idle mode 120 and/or to allow the memory device to enter the idle mode 120 .
- the memory device may immediately enter the idle mode 120 at a first time point at which the first command CMDE is received, however, the power control operation 140 may not be performed at the first time point.
- the first command CMDE may include one of a power down mode entry command, a sleep mode entry command, a deep sleep mode entry command and a refresh mode entry command.
- the reference time interval is adjusted or controlled based on process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variation associated with or related to the memory device (step S 200 ).
- the reference time interval may be used to determine a start time point of the power control operation 140 for reducing power consumption of the memory device.
- the memory device may include a reference time interval control circuit (e.g., a reference time interval control circuit 320 in FIG. 3 ) for performing step S 200 .
- Step S 200 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 11 through 15 .
- a first time interval during which the idle mode 120 is maintained is internally measured based on the first command CMDE (step S 300 ).
- the memory device may include a timer (e.g., a timer 310 in FIG. 3 ) for performing step S 300 , and step S 300 may be performed by the memory device by itself rather than by a host device and/or a memory controller that are located outside the memory device. Step S 300 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 16 .
- the power control operation 140 for reducing the power consumption of the memory device is performed (step S 400 ).
- the power control operation 140 may start to be performed at a second time point at which the first time interval becomes longer than the reference time interval (or at a second time point that has elapsed more than the reference time interval from the first time point).
- the power control operation 140 may include a power gating operation, and may further include an adaptive body biasing operation.
- the memory device may include a power control circuit (e.g., a power control circuit 330 in FIG. 3 ) for performing step S 400 . Step S 400 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 17 through 21 .
- Steps S 200 and S 300 in FIG. 1 may correspond to the time measurement operation 130 in FIG. 2
- step S 400 in FIG. 1 may correspond to the power control operation 140 in FIG. 2 .
- the memory device may exit the idle mode 120 without performing the power control operation 140 .
- the first time interval during which the memory device maintains the idle mode 120 may be detected, the power control operation 140 may be omitted when the first time interval is shorter than or equal to the reference time interval, and the power control operation 140 may be performed only when the first time interval is longer than the reference time interval to reduce the power consumption of the memory device.
- the reference time interval may be adjusted or controlled based on process, voltage and temperature information, and thus an optimal timing for performing the power control operation 140 when the memory device enters the idle mode 120 may be determined. Accordingly, the power consumption of the memory device may be efficiently reduced.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are block diagrams illustrating a memory device according to exemplary embodiments.
- a memory device 200 may include a control logic circuit 210 , a refresh control circuit 215 , an address register 220 , a bank control logic circuit 230 , a row address multiplexer 240 , a column address latch 250 , a row decoder, a column decoder, a memory cell array, a sense amplifier unit (e.g., sense amplifier), an input/output (I/O) gating circuit 290 , a data I/O buffer 295 , an on-die termination (ODT) circuit 297 , a data I/O pin (or pad) 299 , a timer 310 , a reference time interval control circuit 320 and a power control circuit 330 . It is understood that one or more other exemplary embodiments are not limited to the specific combination and number of components illustrated and described in FIG. 3 .
- the memory device 200 itself may be the device that performs the method of operating the memory device according to exemplary embodiments, and may be, by way of example, a volatile memory device.
- the memory device 200 may be one of various volatile memory devices such as a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a mobile DRAM, a dual data rate (DDR) DRAM, a low power DDR (LPDDR) DRAM, a graphic DDR (GDDR) DRAM, or the like.
- DRAM dynamic random access memory
- DDR dual data rate
- LPDDR low power DDR
- GDDR graphic DDR
- the memory cell array includes a plurality of memory cells.
- the memory cell array may include a plurality of bank arrays, e.g., first through fourth bank arrays 280 a , 280 b , 280 c and 280 d .
- the row decoder may include a plurality of bank row decoders, e.g., first through fourth bank row decoders 260 a , 260 b , 260 c and 260 d respectively connected to the first through fourth bank arrays 280 a , 280 b , 280 c and 280 d .
- the column decoder may include a plurality of bank column decoders, e.g., first through fourth bank column decoders 270 a , 270 b , 270 c and 270 d respectively connected to the first through fourth bank arrays 280 a , 280 b , 280 c and 280 d .
- the sense amplifier unit may include a plurality of bank sense amplifiers, e.g., first through fourth bank sense amplifiers 285 a , 285 b , 285 c and 285 d respectively connected to the first through fourth bank arrays 280 a , 280 b , 280 c and 280 d.
- the first through fourth bank arrays 280 a to 280 d , the first through fourth bank row decoders 260 a to 260 d , the first through fourth bank column decoders 270 a to 270 d , and the first through fourth bank sense amplifiers 285 a to 285 d may form first through fourth banks, respectively.
- the first bank array 280 a , the first bank row decoder 260 a , the first bank column decoder 270 a , and the first bank sense amplifier 285 a may form the first bank;
- the second bank array 280 b , the second bank row decoder 260 b , the second bank column decoder 270 b , and the second bank sense amplifier 285 b may form the second bank;
- the third bank array 280 c , the third bank row decoder 260 c , the third bank column decoder 270 c , and the third bank sense amplifier 285 c may form the third bank;
- the fourth bank array 280 d , the fourth bank row decoder 260 d , the fourth bank column decoder 270 d , and the fourth bank sense amplifier 285 d may form the fourth bank.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the memory device 200 as including four banks, it is understood that one or more other exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto, and the memory device 200 may include any number of banks. It is also understood that while the components illustrated in FIG. 3 in quantities of four have a one-to-one correspondence with each other, one or more other exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, there could be more or less decoders or sensors than shown.
- the address register 220 may receive an address ADDR including a bank address BANK_ADDR, a row address ROW_ADDR and a column address COL_ADDR from a memory controller (e.g., a memory controller 600 in FIG. 25 ).
- the address register 220 may provide the received bank address BANK_ADDR to the bank control logic circuit 230 , may provide the received row address ROW_ADDR to the row address multiplexer 240 , and may provide the received column address COL_ADDR to the column address latch 250 .
- the bank control logic circuit 230 may generate bank control signals in response to a received bank address BANK_ADDR.
- One of the first through fourth bank row decoders 260 a to 260 d corresponding to the received bank address BANK_ADDR may be activated in response to the bank control signals generated by the bank control logic circuit 230
- one of the first through fourth bank column decoders 270 a to 270 d corresponding to the received bank address BANK_ADDR may be activated in response to the bank control signals generated by the bank control logic circuit 230 .
- the refresh control circuit 215 may generate a refresh address REF_ADDR in response to receiving a refresh command or entrance of any self refresh mode.
- the refresh control circuit 215 may include a refresh counter that is configured to sequentially change the refresh address REF_ADDR from a first address of the memory cell array to a last address of the memory cell array.
- the refresh control circuit 215 may receive control signals from the control logic circuit 210 .
- the row address multiplexer 240 may receive the row address ROW_ADDR from the address register 220 , and may receive the refresh address REF_ADDR from the refresh control circuit 215 .
- the row address multiplexer 240 may selectively output the row address ROW_ADDR or the refresh address REF_ADDR.
- a row address output from the row address multiplexer 240 (e.g., the row address ROW_ADDR or the refresh address REF_ADDR) may be applied to the first through fourth bank row decoders 260 a to 260 d.
- the activated one of the first through fourth bank row decoders 260 a to 260 d may decode the row address output from the row address multiplexer 240 , and may activate a wordline corresponding to the row address.
- the activated bank row decoder may apply a wordline driving voltage to the wordline corresponding to the row address.
- the column address latch 250 may receive the column address COL_ADDR from the address register 220 , and may temporarily store the received column address COL_ADDR. The column address latch 250 may apply the temporarily stored or received column address COL_ADDR to the first through fourth bank column decoders 270 a to 270 d.
- the activated one of the first through fourth bank column decoders 270 a to 270 d may decode the column address COL_ADDR output from the column address latch 250 , and may control the I/O gating circuit 290 to output data corresponding to the column address COL_ADDR.
- the I/O gating circuit 290 may include a circuitry for gating I/O data.
- the I/O gating circuit 290 may include an input data mask logic, read data latches for storing data output from the first through fourth bank arrays 280 a to 280 d , and write drivers for writing data to the first through fourth bank arrays 280 a to 280 d.
- Data to be read from one of the first through fourth bank arrays 280 a to 280 d may be sensed by a sense amplifier coupled to the corresponding bank array, and may be stored in the read data latches.
- the data stored in the read data latches may be provided to the memory controller via the data I/O buffer 295 and the data I/O pin 299 .
- Data received via the data I/O pin 299 that is to be written to one of the first through fourth bank arrays 280 a - 280 d may be provided from the memory controller to the data I/O buffer 295 .
- the data received via the data I/O pin 299 and provided to the data I/O buffer 295 may be written to the corresponding bank array via the write drivers in the I/O gating circuit 290 .
- the control logic circuit 210 may control an operation of the memory device 200 .
- the control logic circuit 210 may generate control signals for the memory device 200 to perform a data write operation or a data read operation.
- the control logic circuit 210 may include a command decoder 211 that decodes a command CMD received from the memory controller and a mode register 212 that sets an operation mode of the memory device 200 .
- the command decoder 211 may generate the control signals corresponding to the command CMD by decoding a write enable signal (e.g., /WE), a row address strobe signal (e.g., /RAS), a column address strobe signal (e.g., /CAS), a chip select signal (e.g., /CS), etc.
- the control logic circuit 210 may further receive a clock signal (e.g., CK) and a clock enable signal (e.g., /CKE) for operating the memory device 200 in a synchronous manner.
- the ODT circuit 297 may be connected to the data I/O pin 299 and the data I/O buffer 295 . When the ODT circuit 297 is enabled, an ODT operation may be performed. The ODT operation may reduce (and/or prevent) a signal from being reflected by using a termination resistor so as to improve signal integrity.
- the timer 310 may perform step S 300 in FIG. 1 , e.g., an operation of internally measuring the first time interval during which the memory device 200 maintains the idle mode.
- the reference time interval control circuit 320 may perform step S 200 in FIG. 1 , e.g., an operation of adjusting the reference time interval used to determine the start time point of the power control operation 130 based on the process, voltage and temperature variation associated with the memory device 200 .
- the power control circuit 330 may perform step S 400 in FIG. 1 , e.g., an operation for performing the power control operation 130 in response to the first time interval being longer than the reference time interval.
- the memory device according to exemplary embodiments may be any volatile memory device and/or nonvolatile memory device, e.g., a static random access memory (SRAM), a flash memory, a phase random access memory (PRAM), a resistive random access memory (RRAM), a nano floating gate memory (NFGM), a polymer random access memory (PoRAM), a magnetic random access memory (MRAM), a ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), a thyristor random access memory (TRAM), etc.
- SRAM static random access memory
- PRAM phase random access memory
- RRAM resistive random access memory
- NFGM nano floating gate memory
- PoRAM polymer random access memory
- MRAM magnetic random access memory
- FRAM ferroelectric random access memory
- TPM thyristor random access memory
- a memory device 201 may include a command decoder 211 , a timer 310 , a reference time interval control circuit 320 , a power control circuit 330 and a logic block (or circuit) 400 .
- the memory device 201 may further include a sensor 340 .
- a sensor 340 For convenience of illustration, only components used to perform the method of operating the memory device according to exemplary embodiments are illustrated in FIG. 4 .
- the command decoder 211 may receive the first command CMDE to allow the memory device 201 to enter the idle mode 120 .
- the command decoder 211 may generate a power control enable signal PCEN based on the first command CMDE.
- the power control enable signal PCEN may be activated based on a reception of the first command CMDE.
- the command decoder 211 may be substantially the same as the command decoder 211 in FIG. 3 .
- the timer 310 may internally measure a first time interval during which the memory device 201 maintains the idle mode 120 .
- the timer 310 may be enabled or activated based on the first command CMDE (e.g., based on an activation of the power control enable signal PCEN), may generate a measured time signal TMS that represents a result of internally measuring the first time interval, and may transmit the measured time signal TMS to the power control circuit 330 .
- the timer 310 may be substantially the same as the timer 310 in FIG. 3 . An example of the timer 310 will be described with reference to FIG. 5 .
- the reference time interval control circuit 320 may adjust or control a reference time interval used to determine a start time point of the power control operation 140 for reducing power consumption of the memory device 201 , based on process, voltage and temperature variation associated with the memory device 201 .
- the reference time interval control circuit 320 may generate a reference time interval signal TREFS that represents the reference time interval, and may transmit the reference time interval signal TREFS to the power control circuit 330 .
- the reference time interval control circuit 320 may include a process, voltage and temperature table 322 that includes information associated with process, voltage and temperature of the memory device 201 .
- the process, voltage and temperature table 322 may include information associated with characteristics of transistors included in the memory device 201 , information associated with an operating voltage of the memory device 201 , information associated with an operating temperature of the memory device 201 , or the like.
- An example of the process, voltage and temperature table 322 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 , 7 and 8 .
- the power control circuit 330 may perform the power control operation 140 when the first time interval is longer than the reference time interval.
- the power control circuit 330 may be enabled or activated based on the first command CMDE (e.g., based on the activation of the power control enable signal PCEN), may receive the measured time signal TMS and the reference time interval signal TREFS, and may determine whether the first time interval is longer than the reference time interval based on the measured time signal TMS and the reference time interval signal TREFS.
- the power control circuit 330 may be substantially the same as the power control circuit 330 in FIG. 3 . An example of the power control circuit 330 will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10 .
- the logic block 400 may be connected to the power control circuit 330 , and power consumption of the logic block 400 may be reduced by the power control operation 140 .
- the logic block 400 may include at least one of a memory cell array and a peripheral circuit that are included in the memory device 201 , and the peripheral circuit may be used to drive or operate the memory cell array.
- the peripheral circuit may include at least one of the control logic circuit 210 , the refresh control circuit 215 , the address register 220 , the bank control logic circuit 230 , the row address multiplexer 240 , the column address latch 250 , the row decoder, the column decoder, the sense amplifier unit, the I/O gating circuit 290 and the data I/O buffer 295 in FIG. 3 .
- the logic block 400 may include a plurality of transistors.
- the sensor 340 may detect a present operating environment of the memory device 201 , and may generate a sensing signal SENS that represents the present operating environment of the memory device 201 .
- the present operating environment of the memory device 201 may include at least one of the operating voltage and the operating temperature of the memory device 201
- the sensor 340 may include at least one of a voltage sensor and a temperature sensor.
- the sensor 340 may transmit the sensing signal SENS to the reference time interval control circuit 320 , and the reference time interval control circuit 320 may adjust the reference time interval based on the present operating environment of the memory device 201 (e.g., based on the sensing signal SENS).
- the present operating environment of the memory device 201 may include at least one of humidity, pressure, motion, time, space, illuminance, acceleration, vibration, mechanical stress, shock, radiation, dust, electrical stress, or the like
- the sensor 340 may include at least one of a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, a motion sensor, a temporal sensor, a spatial sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a vibration sensor, a mechanical stress sensor, a shock sensor, a radiation sensor, a dust sensor, an electrical stress sensor, or the like.
- the reference time interval control circuit 320 may adjust the reference time interval based on the above-described various environmental parameters other than the operating voltage and the operating temperature.
- the command decoder 211 may receive the second command CMDX to allow the memory device 201 to exit the idle mode 120 , and may generate the power control enable signal PCEN based on the second command CMDX.
- the power control enable signal PCEN may be deactivated based on a reception of the second command CMDX.
- the timer 310 and the power control circuit 330 may be disabled or deactivated based on the second command CMDX (e.g., based on a deactivation of the power control enable signal PCEN), and the operation of internally measuring the first time interval and the power control operation 140 may not be performed.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a timer included in a memory device of FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- the timer 310 may include an oscillator 312 .
- the oscillator 312 may generate an oscillation signal OSC.
- the oscillation signal OSC may be a signal that regularly toggles between a high level and a low level with a predetermined period.
- the oscillator 312 may include a ring oscillator, an RC oscillator, a crystal oscillator, or a temperature compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO), but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.
- the operation of internally measuring the first time interval may be performed using the oscillator 312 .
- the first time interval may be measured by counting the number of cycles (or edges) of the oscillation signal OSC generated from the oscillator 312 after the first command CMDE is received (e.g., after the power control enable signal PCEN is activated).
- the operation of adjusting the reference time interval may be performed by adjusting a frequency of the oscillation signal OSC. For example, it may be determined that the first time interval is longer than the reference time interval when the number of the counted cycles of the oscillation signal OSC is greater than or equal to X, where X is a natural number.
- the reference time interval may increase.
- the length of one cycle of the oscillation signal OSC decreases, e.g., when the frequency of the oscillation signal OSC increases, the reference time interval may decrease.
- the frequency of the oscillation signal OSC may be adjusted based on information PVTINF, which is obtained from the process, voltage and temperature table 322 based on the present operating environment (e.g., based on the sensing signal SENS).
- FIGS. 6 , 7 and 8 are diagrams illustrating examples of a process, voltage and temperature table included in a reference time interval control circuit included in a memory device of FIG. 4 .
- the process, voltage and temperature table 322 may include a first table 322 a .
- the first table 322 a may be associated with or related to process variation.
- the process variation may represent a phenomenon in which characteristics of a plurality of transistors included in a memory device become different from each other due to a manufacturing process.
- the memory device may include n-type metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistors and p-type metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistors, and the characteristic of the plurality of transistors may include an operating speed.
- NMOS n-type metal oxide semiconductor
- PMOS p-type metal oxide semiconductor
- an operating speed of the NMOS transistor may correspond to one of fast, typical and slow
- an operating speed of the PMOS transistor may also correspond to one of fast/typical/slow, and usually one of five cases (in an order of NMOS/PMOS) of FF (fast/fast), FS (fast/slow), TT (typical/typical), SF (slow/fast) and SS (slow/slow) may be considered as a characteristic of the transistors.
- the first table 322 a may be used to set the reference time interval based on the characteristics of the plurality of transistors included in the memory device.
- the characteristics of the plurality of transistors may be determined when the memory device is manufactured.
- the first table 322 a may represent a relationship between the characteristics of the plurality of transistors included in the memory device and the reference time interval.
- an NMOS transistor NT included in the memory device may have a first operating characteristic CRT 1
- a PMOS transistor PT included in the memory device may have a second operating characteristic CRT 2
- the reference time interval may be set to TREF1 based on the first operating characteristic CRT 1 of the NMOS transistor NT and the second operating characteristic CRT 2 of the PMOS transistor PT.
- the first table 322 a of FIG. 6 may be determined and stored when the memory device is manufactured (e.g., based on a testing result the memory device).
- the process, voltage and temperature table 322 may include a second table 322 b .
- the second table 322 b may be associated with or related to voltage variation.
- the voltage variation may represent a phenomenon in which characteristics of a plurality of transistors included in a memory device become different from each other depending on an operating voltage of the memory device.
- the second table 322 b may be used to set the reference time interval based on the operating voltage of the memory device.
- the second table 322 b may represent a relationship between the operating voltage of the memory device and the reference time interval.
- the reference time interval when the operating voltage of the memory device has a first voltage level (or a first voltage level range) V1, the reference time interval may be set to TREF21.
- the reference time interval When the operating voltage of the memory device has a second voltage level (or a second voltage level range) V2, the reference time interval may be set to TREF22.
- the reference time interval When the operating voltage of the memory device has a third voltage level (or a third voltage level range) V3, the reference time interval may be set to TREF23.
- the reference time interval may be changed, based on the operating voltage of the memory device and the second table 322 b , in real time (or during runtime) while the memory device is operating.
- the operating voltage of the memory device may be obtained based on the sensing signal SENS provided from the sensor 340 .
- the reference time interval may decrease as the operating voltage of the memory device increases, and the reference time interval may increase as the operating voltage of the memory device decreases. For example, when V1 ⁇ V2 ⁇ V3, it may be that TREF21>TREF22>TREF23.
- the reference time intervals TREF21, TREF22 and TREF23 included in the second table 322 b of FIG. 7 may be determined based on the reference time interval TREF1 included in the first table 322 a of FIG. 6 .
- TREF21 TREF1+A1
- TREF22 TREF1+A2
- TREF23 TREF1+A3, where each of A1, A2 and A3 are real numbers.
- TREF21>TREF22>TREF23 it may be that A1>A2>A3.
- the process, voltage and temperature table 322 may include a third table 322 c .
- the third table 322 c may be associated with or related to temperature variation.
- the temperature variation may represent a phenomenon in which the characteristics of a plurality of transistors included in a memory device become different from each other depending on an operating temperature of the memory device.
- the third table 322 c may be used to set the reference time interval based on the operating temperature of the memory device.
- the third table 322 c may represent a relationship between the operating temperature of the memory device and the reference time interval.
- the reference time interval when the operating temperature of the memory device has a first temperature value (or a first temperature range) T1, the reference time interval may be set to TREF31.
- the reference time interval When the operating temperature of the memory device has a second temperature value (or a second temperature range) T2, the reference time interval may be set to TREF32.
- the reference time interval When the operating temperature of the memory device has a third temperature value (or a third temperature range) T3, the reference time interval may be set to TREF33.
- the reference time interval may be changed, based on the operating temperature of the memory device and the third table 322 c , in real time (or during runtime) while the memory device is operating.
- the operating temperature of the memory device may be obtained based on the sensing signal SENS provided from the sensor 340 .
- the reference time interval may decrease as the operating temperature of the memory device increases, and the reference time interval may increase as the operating temperature of the memory device decreases. For example, when T1 ⁇ T2 ⁇ T3, it may be that TREF31>TREF32>TREF33.
- the reference time intervals TREF31, TREF32 and TREF33 included in the third table 322 c of FIG. 8 may be determined based on the reference time interval TREF1 included in the first table 322 a of FIG. 6 .
- TREF31 TREF1+B1
- TREF32 TREF1+B2
- TREF33 TREF1+B3, where each of B 1 , B2 and B3 are real numbers.
- TREF31>TREF32>TREF33 it may be that B1>B2>B3.
- the process, voltage and temperature table 322 may include all of the first table 322 a , the second table 322 b and the third table 322 c . In other exemplary embodiments, the process, voltage and temperature table 322 may include only one or two of the first table 322 a , the second table 322 b and the third table 322 c.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 are block diagrams illustrating examples of a power control circuit included in a memory device of FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- the power control circuit 330 may include a power gating control circuit 332 and a power gating circuit 334 .
- the power gating control circuit 332 and the power gating circuit 334 may perform a power gating operation to block or cut off a power supply voltage VDD applied to the memory device.
- the power gating control circuit 332 may compare the first time interval with the reference time interval based on the measured time signal TMS and the reference time interval signal TREFS, and may generate a power gating control signal PGC at the second time point at which the first time interval becomes longer than the reference time interval. For example, the power gating control signal PGC may be activated at the second time point.
- the power gating circuit 334 may block a power path through which the power supply voltage VDD is applied to the memory device (e.g., to the logic block 400 ).
- the power gating circuit 334 may include a power gating transistor TPG that is connected between the power supply voltage VDD and a first voltage VPWR and includes a gate electrode receiving the power gating control signal PGC. While the memory device operates in the normal mode 110 , the power gating transistor TPG may be turned on to supply the power supply voltage VDD to the memory device. When the memory device enters the idle mode 120 and while the memory device performs the power control operation 140 , the power gating transistor TPG may be turned off to block a supply of the power supply voltage VDD to the memory device.
- the logic block 400 may be connected between the first voltage VPWR and a ground voltage VSS. While the memory device operates in the normal mode 110 , the logic block 400 may operate normally based on the power supply voltage VDD and the first voltage VPWR. When the memory device enters the idle mode 120 and while the memory device performs the power control operation 140 , the logic block 400 may not operate because the power supply voltage VDD and the first voltage VPWR are blocked.
- the power control circuit 330 may include a power gating control circuit 332 , a power gating circuit 334 and an adaptive body biasing control circuit 336 . Descriptions repeated with respect to FIG. 9 will be omitted as redundant.
- the adaptive body biasing control circuit 336 may perform an adaptive body biasing operation to adjust or control at least one body bias voltage applied to at least one transistor included in the memory device (e.g., included in the logic block 400 ).
- the adaptive body biasing control circuit 336 may change the at least one body bias voltage to increase a threshold voltage of the at least one transistor.
- the at least one transistor may include a PMOS transistor PT
- the at least one body bias voltage may include a first body bias voltage VBBP applied to the PMOS transistor PT.
- the adaptive body biasing control circuit 336 may increase a voltage level of the first body bias voltage VBBP applied to the PMOS transistor PT.
- the at least one transistor may include an NMOS transistor NT
- the at least one body bias voltage may include a second body bias voltage VBBN applied to the NMOS transistor NT.
- the adaptive body biasing control circuit 336 may decrease a voltage level of the second body bias voltage VBBN applied to the NMOS transistor NT.
- an operation of increasing the voltage level of the first body bias voltage VBBP and an operation of decreasing the voltage level of the second body bias voltage VBBN may be substantially simultaneously or concurrently performed.
- the power supply voltage VDD or the first voltage VPWR in FIGS. 9 and 10 may correspond to the operating voltage of the memory device described with reference to FIG. 7 .
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of adjusting a reference time interval in HG 1 .
- the reference time interval when adjusting the reference time interval (step S 200 ), the reference time interval may be set based on characteristics of a plurality of transistors included in the memory device (step S 210 ). The characteristics of the plurality of transistors may be determined when the memory device is manufactured. For example, step S 210 may be performed by the reference time interval control circuit 320 and the process, voltage and temperature table 322 in FIGS. 3 and 4 . For example, step S 210 may be performed based on the first table 322 a of FIG. 6 .
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating another example of adjusting a reference time interval in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart for describing an operation of FIG. 12 .
- the reference time interval when adjusting the reference time interval (step S 200 ), the reference time interval may be set based on an operating voltage of the memory device (step S 220 ).
- step S 220 may be performed by the reference time interval control circuit 320 and the process, voltage and temperature table 322 in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- step S 220 may be performed based on the second table 322 b of FIG. 7 .
- step S 220 when setting the reference time interval based on the operating voltage of the memory device (step S 220 ), when the operating voltage of the memory device increases (step S 221 : YES), the reference time interval may decrease (step S 223 ). When the operating voltage of the memory device decreases (step S 221 : NO), the reference time interval may increase (step S 225 ).
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating still another example of adjusting a reference time interval in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart for describing an operation of FIG. 14 .
- the reference time interval when adjusting the reference time interval (step S 200 ), the reference time interval may be set based on an operating temperature of the memory device (step S 230 ).
- step S 230 may be performed by the reference time interval control circuit 320 and the process, voltage and temperature table 322 in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- step S 230 may be performed based on the third table 322 c of FIG. 8 .
- step S 230 when setting the reference time interval based on the operating temperature of the memory device (step S 230 ), when the operating temperature of the memory device increases (step S 231 : YES), the reference time interval may decrease (step S 233 ). When the operating temperature of the memory device decreases (step S 231 : NO), the reference time interval may increase (step S 235 ).
- step S 200 may include only one of steps S 210 , S 220 and S 230 . In other exemplary embodiments, step S 200 may include two or all of steps S 210 , S 220 and S 230 .
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating examples of adjusting a reference time interval and internally measuring a first time interval in FIG. 1 .
- step S 240 when adjusting the reference time interval (step S 200 ), a frequency of an oscillation signal that is generated by an oscillator included in the memory device may be adjusted (step S 240 ).
- step S 240 may be performed by the timer 310 and the reference time interval control circuit 320 in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- step S 240 may be performed by the oscillator 312 of FIG. 5 .
- the first time interval may be measured using the oscillator, e.g., using the oscillation signal generated from the oscillator (step S 310 ).
- step S 310 may be performed by the timer 310 in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- step S 310 may be performed by the oscillator 312 of FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an example of performing the power control operation in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart for describing an operation of FIG. 17 .
- step S 410 when performing the power control operation (step S 400 ), a power gating operation to block a power supply voltage applied to the memory device may be performed (step S 410 ).
- step S 410 may be performed by the power control circuit 330 in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- step S 410 may be performed by the power gating control circuit 332 and the power gating circuit 334 in FIGS. 9 and 10 .
- a power gating control signal may be generated at a time point at which the first time interval becomes longer than the reference time interval (step S 411 ).
- a power path through which the power supply voltage is applied to the memory device may be blocked based on the power gating control signal (step S 413 ).
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating another example of performing a power control operation in FIG. 1 .
- FIGS. 20 and 21 are flowcharts for describing an operation of FIG. 19 . Descriptions repeated with respect to FIG. 17 will be omitted as redundant.
- step S 410 when performing the power control operation (step S 400 ), step S 410 may be substantially the same as step S 410 in FIG. 17 .
- An adaptive body biasing operation to adjust at least one body bias voltage applied to at least one transistor included in the memory device may be performed (step S 420 ).
- the at least one body bias voltage may be changed to increase a threshold voltage of the at least one transistor.
- step S 420 may be performed by the power control circuit 330 in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- step S 420 may be performed by the adaptive body biasing control circuit 336 in FIG. 10 .
- a voltage level of a first body bias voltage applied to a PMOS transistor included in the memory device may increase (step S 421 ).
- a voltage level of a second body bias voltage applied to an NMOS transistor included in the memory device may decrease (step S 423 ).
- step S 420 may include only one of steps S 421 and S 423 . In other exemplary embodiments, step S 420 may include both steps S 421 and S 423 .
- FIGS. 22 and 23 are flowcharts illustrating a method of operating a memory device according to exemplary embodiments. Descriptions repeated with respect to FIG. 1 will be omitted as redundant.
- steps S 100 , S 200 and S 300 may be substantially the same as steps S 100 , S 200 and S 300 in FIG. 1 , respectively.
- Step S 400 When the first time interval is longer than the reference time interval (step S 500 : YES), the power control operation 140 for reducing the power consumption of the memory device is performed (step S 400 ).
- Step S 400 may be substantially the same as step S 400 in FIG. 1 .
- a condition or environment in which the first time interval is shorter than or equal to the reference time interval may mean that the idle mode 120 has terminated before the reference time interval has elapsed from the first time point, and thus the memory device may exit the idle mode 120 without performing the power control operation 140 .
- the memory device receives the second command CMDX to allow the memory device to exit the idle mode 120 (step S 700 ).
- the second command CMDX may include one of a power down mode exit command, a sleep mode exit command, a deep sleep mode exit command and a refresh mode exit command.
- Step S 500 may be substantially the same as step S 500 in FIG. 22 .
- the first time interval which is a time interval between the first time point at which the first command CMDE is received and a third time point at which the second command CMDX is received, may be compared with the reference time interval.
- Step S 500 When the first time interval is longer than the reference time interval (step S 500 : YES), the power control operation 140 is terminated and the memory device exits the idle mode 120 (step S 800 ). Steps S 700 and S 800 may be performed after steps S 400 in FIGS. 1 and 22 , e.g., after the power control operation 140 starts.
- Step S 500 When the first time interval is shorter than or equal to the reference time interval (step S 500 : NO), the power control operation 140 is not performed as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 22 , and the memory device exits the idle mode 120 (step S 900 ). Steps S 700 and S 900 may be performed after step S 600 in FIG. 22 , e.g., when the power control operation 140 is not started.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram for describing a method of operating a memory device according to exemplary embodiments.
- CMD represents a command received by the command decoder 211
- TRG represents a trigger signal associated with the time measurement operation 130 and the power control operation 140
- PCO represents whether the power control operation 140 is performed.
- the memory device may receive the first command CMDE, and the memory device may enter the idle mode 120 based on the first command CMDE.
- a first trigger signal TRG 1 for starting the time measurement operation 130 may be generated, and the operation of internally measuring the first time interval may be performed based on the first trigger signal TRG 1 .
- a second trigger signal TRG 2 for starting the power control operation 140 may be generated, and at a time point ta, the power control operation 140 may be performed based on the second trigger signal TRG 2 .
- the memory device may receive the second command CMDX, and the power control operation 140 may be terminated and the memory device may exit the idle mode 120 based on the second command CMDX.
- An operation at the time point t2 may correspond to steps S 700 and S 800 in FIG. 23 .
- the memory device may receive the first command CMDE again, and the memory device may enter the idle mode 120 again based on the first command CMDE.
- the first trigger signal TRG 1 for starting the time measurement operation 130 may be generated again, and the operation of internally measuring the first time interval may be performed again based on the first trigger signal TRG 1 .
- the memory device may receive the second command CMDX before the first time interval becomes longer than the reference time interval, and the memory device may exit the idle mode 120 based on the second command CMDX. In this case, the power control operation 140 may not be performed.
- An operation at the time point t4 may correspond to step S 600 in FIG. 22 and steps S 700 and S 900 in FIG. 23 .
- the power control operation 140 may be performed.
- the time interval e.g., a time interval TD 2 from the time point t3 to the time point t4 during which the idle mode 120 is maintained is shorter than or equal to the reference time interval, the power control operation 140 may not be performed.
- inventive concept may be embodied as a system, method, computer program product, and/or a computer program product embodied in one or more computer readable medium(s) having computer readable program code embodied thereon.
- the computer readable program code may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus.
- the computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium.
- the computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
- the computer readable medium may be a non-transitory computer readable medium.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram illustrating a memory system including a memory device according to exemplary embodiments.
- a memory system 500 may include a memory controller 600 and at least one memory device 700 .
- the memory device 700 may correspond to the memory device according to exemplary embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 3 through 10 , may perform the method of operating the memory device according to exemplary embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 1 , 2 , 11 through 24 , and may perform data write and/or read operations under control of the memory controller 600 .
- the memory device 700 may receive a command CMD and an address ADDR through I/O lines from the memory controller 600 for performing such operations, and may exchange data DAT through data I/O lines with the memory controller 600 for performing such operations.
- the memory device 700 may receive a control signal CTRL through control lines from the memory controller 600 .
- the memory device 700 receives power PWR through a power line from the memory controller 600 .
- at least a part or all of the I/O lines, the data I/O lines and the control lines may be referred to as a channel.
- control signal CONT may include a chip enable signal (/CE), a write enable signal (/WE), a read enable signal (/RE), a command latch enable signal (CLE), an address latch enable signal (ALE), or the like.
- the memory device 700 may transmit/receive a data strobe signal (e.g., a DQS signal) to/from the memory controller 600 .
- the DQS signal may be a signal used to provide a reference time point for determining a logic value of the data DAT exchanged between the memory controller 600 and the memory device 700 .
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram illustrating a computing system including a memory device according to exemplary embodiments.
- a computing system 1300 may include a processor 1310 , a system controller 1320 and a memory system 1330 .
- the computing system 1300 may further include an input device 1350 , an output device 1360 and a storage device 1370 .
- the memory system 1330 may include a plurality of memory devices 1334 , and a memory controller 1332 for controlling the memory devices 1334 .
- the memory controller 1332 may be included in the system controller 1320 .
- the memory devices 1334 , the memory controller 1332 and the memory system 1330 may operate based on the methods according to exemplary embodiments.
- the processor 1310 may perform various computing functions, such as executing specific software instructions for performing specific calculations or tasks.
- the processor 1310 may be connected to the system controller 1320 via a processor bus.
- the system controller 1320 may be connected to the input device 1350 , the output device 1360 and the storage device 1370 via an expansion bus. As such, the processor 1310 may control the input device 1350 , the output device 1360 and the storage device 1370 using the system controller 1320 .
- the inventive concept may be applied to various electronic devices and systems that include semiconductor memory devices (e.g., volatile memory devices).
- the inventive concept may be applied to systems such as a personal computer (PC), a server computer, a data center, a workstation, a mobile phone, a smart phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a digital camera, a portable game console, a music player, a camcorder, a video player, a navigation device, a wearable device, an internet of things (IoT) device, an internet of everything (IoE) device, an e-book reader, a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, a robotic device, a drone, etc.
- PC personal computer
- server computer e.g., a server computer
- data center e.g., a workstation
- a mobile phone e.g., a smart phone
- tablet computer e.g.,
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US20200142473A1 (en) | 2018-11-05 | 2020-05-07 | SK Hynix Inc. | Power gating system and electronic system including the same |
KR20200051330A (en) | 2018-11-05 | 2020-05-13 | 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 | Power gating system and electronic system including the same |
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KR20230033414A (en) | 2023-03-08 |
US20230064572A1 (en) | 2023-03-02 |
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