US1180851A - Electric heating system. - Google Patents

Description

L. P. HYNES.

ELECTRIC HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 5. 1913. RENEWED JAN. 26. 1916.

1, 1 80,85 1 Patented Apr. 25, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

L. P. HYNES.

ELECTRIC HEATING SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED MAY 5. I9I3- RENEWED JAN.26.1916.

Patented Apr. 25,1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES FAT NT FFICE LEE JP. HYNES, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSICNOR To RAILWAY UTILITY COMPANY, OE

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

ELECTRI HEATING SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 25, 1916.

Application filed May 5, 1913, Serial NO. 765,547. Renewed January 26, 1916. I Serial NO. 74,475.

which a heavy heating current may be employed and yet be controlled by a very delicate thermostat which operates with slight fication, but it is the purpose of exemphficavariationsin temperature and cannot be subjected to the flow of a heavy current without injury.

A. further object is to provide control mechanism which can be conveniently grouped upon a suitable panel board and the members of which can be readily replaced or exchanged when worn out or to suit changed conditions of operation.

A preferred form of my inventlon 1s illus trated in the accompanying drawings and specifically described in the following specito be understood that this disclosure is for tion only and that the scope of the invention is to be determined from the following claims in which I have endeavored to set forth my invention in such terms as to distinguish it from the prior art so far as known to me without, however, relinquishing or dedicating any portion thereof.

In the accompanying drawings, F1gure 1 represents a panel board upon which various members of my system are mounted, one of the latter being partly in section; Fig. 2 is a view in elevation perpendicular to the plane of Fig. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrow 2; Fig. 3 is a similar view but looking in the direction of the arrow 3 (Fig. l) and Fig 4 isa dlagram of the parts and their connectlons.

'The same reference numeral is applied to each part wherever it occurs in the several views.

Referringfirst to the diagram Fig. 4c, the leads for the heating system are shown at 5 and 6, the heating coils at A and the switch for closing the circuit through the same at 7. A magnet 8 for Operating the switch is county of Cook, State of Illinois, have in shunt to the heating circuit and included in circuit with a resistance 9 and an auxiliary resistance 10 of cartridge form is also inserted in the circuit for a purpose to be presently described, with one head between clips 11, 12 on the panel board and the other head between the clips 13, 14, each of the clips 11, 12, 13 and 14 being insulated from the others but all of them being electrically connected when the resistance 10 is in place. Clip 12 is electrically connected to magnet 8 and clip 14 is grounded by wire 14:. There is thus established through the magnet and resistances a permanently closed circuit Whenever the system is connected to the mains, which tends to hold switch or contactor 7 closed. A- secondary circuit which is in shunt both to the heating circuit and. to the circut through the switch operating magnet 8 for controlling the current in the latter, comprises the connectingwire 15, contacts 16, 17, and wire 18, the last connecting to the clip 12. The contacts 16 and 17,'of which contact 16 is spring actuated to separate the pair, are controlled by an electro-magnetic means 19 which is in Shunt to the auxiliary resistance 10, the connection being from the contact clip 11, above mentioned,through fuse 20, coil 19, wire 21, thermostat 22, wire 23, and Contact clip 13.

shown thermostat 22 is of the thermometer type.

lit will now be understood that under normal working conditions a current will flow from lead 5, throughv resistance 9, the coil of magnet 8, contact 12, resistance 10, contact 14, and to earth, thus keeping the contact member 7 normally closed, and the heating current on. Under these conditions, the temperature being below the critical, the circuit through the fuse 20, coil 19 and thermostat 22 is open and consequently the contacts 16 and 17 are open. When, however, the temperature rises sutiiciently to cause the thermostat 22 to close the cir cuit through the coil 19, the latter operates to close the contacts 16, 17, thus short-circuiting the magnet 8 through the following path: from resistance 9 through wire 15, contacts 16, 17, wire 18, contact 12, resistance 10 and contact 1 and to earth. The resistance of this shunt is such that when closed, the current through the magnet coil 8 is reduced to such an extent that it re- This condition exists until the temperature of the apartment in which the thermostat 22 is located falls to such degree that the thermostat opens the circuit through the coil 19. The latter then permits the contacts 16 and 17 to separate, thus opening the shunt around the coil 8 when the entire current through the resistance 9 passes through the latter, and being of sufficient strength to close the switch 7 the heating current is again effective. The current through the thermostat in this system may be made as small as desired by proportioning the resistance of the shunt circuit in which it is contained to the resistance 10 with which it is in circuit; and it is further protected by the fuse 20:

The arrangement of the apparatus for practical use is shown in Figs. 1, 2, and3. The resistance 9, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, is of a removable cartridge type, being received by spring clips 24 engaging the opposite ends thereof-and the fuse 20 is of similar construction, and similarly held. The resistance 10 is also of the cartridge type but, as heretofore stated, the clips 11, 12, 13, 14 which it engages are insulated from each other, so that in the event that either end of the auxiliary resistance 10 is removed from contact with its clips, no destructive current can pass through the thermostat to the injury of the latter and obviously, when said resistance is in place, the thermostat is protected thereby. The particular construction of the electro-magnetic means carrying and controlling the contacts 16, 17 is best shown by reference to Fig. 1. A casing 25 of insulating material contains amagnet 26 having a surrounding field 27 and a hollow core through which passes a rod 28 of non-conductlng material. At its upper end said rod is adapted to engage the spring contact. 16 and operate the same, and at its lower end. rests upon the armature29 of the magnet which is in the end of a plate guided by adjustable screws 30, 31. The insulating boxing 25 carries four contact plugs 33, 34, 35 and 36 of which diagonally opposite plugs 34 and 35 are connected to the leads of the coil 26, and plugs 33, 36 are connected to the spring and stationary contact members respectively. The clip 37 which receives the plug 34 is connected to the adjacent fuse receiving clip, and the clip 38 which receives plug 35 is connected to the wire 21 which leads to the thermostat. Clip 39 which receives the plug 33 is connected to the clip 24 of the resistance 9 while clip 40 which receives plug 36 is connected to clip 12 of the auxiliary secondary resistance 10. It follows from this diagonal arrangement and connection of the plugs that if the casing 25 be carelessly reversed when placed in the clips, no-harm can result to the more delicate portions of theapparatus, by the passage ofa circuit therethrough which they are not intended to receive. The contactor may be of any usual or approved type and is permanently affixed to the panel board in any desired manner. The form of contactor shown comprises an electro-magnet 41, the armature 42 of which is pivoted at 43 and carries the movable contact 44 which is normally held in electrical contact with the stationary contact member 45 by the coil 41. But when the current through the electromagnet is reduced, as stated above, the contactoris opened by the tension spring 46. As above stated this construction being a common one in the art, need not be further described.

I claim:

1. In an electric heatingsystem, a heating circuit including a switch therefor, electro-magnetic means 8 for holding the switch closed, a shunt around said electromagnetic means comprising the contacts 16, 17., electro-magnetic means 19 for controlling said contacts, a thermostatic cut-out 22 in series with electro-magnetic means 19, a pair of clips 11, 12 insulated from each other, clip '11 being in electrical connection with. the electro-magnetic means 19 and the cut-out 22, and clip 12 in electrical connection with the electro-magneticmeans 8, a pair of clips 13,14 connected to ground and to the cutout 22 respectively, and a resistance 10 inserted between the pair of clips 11, 12 and the pair of clips 13, 14.

2. In an electric heating system, a heating circuit including a switchtherefor, electros magnetic means 8 for holding the switch closed, a shunt about said electro-magnetic means comprising the contacts 16, 17, electro-magnetic means 19 for controlling said contacts, a thermostatic cut-out 22 in circuit with electro-magnetic means 19, a pair .of clips 11, 12, the members of which are connected to the electro-magnetic means 8 and electro-magnetic means 19, respectively, a pair of clips 13, 14, the members of which are insulated from each other gand one of which is connected to ground and the other to the cut-out 22, and a resistance 10 interposed between said clips. I

3. In an electric heating system, a heating circuit including a switch therefor, electromagnetic means 8 for holding the switch closed, a shunt about said electro-magnetic means comprising the contacts 16, 17, electro-magnetic means 19 for controlling said contacts, a thermostatic cut-out 22 in circuit with electro-magnetic means 19, a pair of clips 11, 12 insulated from each other and connected respectively to the electro-magnetic means 19 and to the electro-magnetic means 8, a pair of clips 13, 14- the members of which are insulated from each other and connected respectively to the cut-out 22 and to ground, and a resistance 10 inserted between said clips.

4. In an electric heating system for cars and the like, a heating circuit having a switch for controlling the same, an electromagnetic means for controlling the switch, a circuit including said means and resistance, a shunt about said electro-magnetic means comprising a normally open switch, a thermostatically controlled circuit in shunt to said resistance and including electro-magnetic means for closing said switch, said resistance being connected to a pair of uncon nected terminals at each end, the two terminals at one end being connected respectively to the electromagnetic means for operating the main switch and the electro-magnetic means for operating the other switch, and the terminals at the other end of said resistance being connected respectively to the thermostatically controlled circuit and the return main.

5. In an electric heating system for railway cars and the like, a heater, a connection for said heater to a source of current, an electromagnetic contactor in said connection for opening and closing the same, said contactor having a single operating coil, a cir- LEE P. HYNES. Witnesses:

JOHN B. MACAULEY, ROBERT DOBBERMAN.

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