US1178296A - Carbureter. - Google Patents

Description

D, CAHILL..

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 15 1913.

L' f5 Patented Apr. 4, 1916.-

a .d/Q 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

a. v ATTORNEYS :DANIEL CAHILL, OF COURBEVOIE, FRANCE.

CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 4, 1916.

Application filed September 15, 1913. Serial No. 789,793.

To all whom #may concern:

Be it known that I, DANIEL CAHILL, subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at 108 -Quaide Courbevoie, Courbevoie, Seine, in the Republic of France, have invented certain new and useful Improve-- ments in Carbureters for Explosion-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in carbureters for explosion engines and more particularly to those of the type wherein a choking member, operated by hand and controlling ythe admission of the mixture of air and liquid fuelI to the combustion chamber of the engine, is connected with a Similar choking member designed to vary at the same time the sectional area of the passageA `drawn "in, before or during its passage to the combustion chamber; thirdly, the adjunction of heat direct to the liquid, before its discharge through the spraying nozzle. However, the advantage obtained by the use of such means can only be secured to the detriment of the thermic output of the engine. Indeed. the resistance opposed to the fiow of the air by reason of the very small sectional area of the passage of the same has the result 'of preventing the filling of the cylinder during the spells of great angular velocities; again, the elevation of the temperature gives rise to a variation in inverse directions of the respective weights of the air and liquid bodies which are actually drawn in, the weight of the air diminishing by'unity of volume and the liquid increasing both in weight and in the volume discharged by unity of time:

The carbureter according to this invention does away with or greatly diminishes vthe aforesaid drawbacks, which are inherent in all the' carbureters of the same kind, now in use.

In the accompanying drawings: Flgure l is au elevation of the improved carbureter; Fig. 2 is a plan view-of the same; Fig. 3 is a side view, as seen from theleft of Fig. l; Fig. el is a longitudinal vertical section on the central plane of the device. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on the line of Fig. 4: Fig. (5 is a section on thelinc (5 7 of Fig. l, as sc'en from left to right; Fig. 7 is a similar section, as seen from right to left; Figs. S and 9 are details, as seen from the front and edgewise respectively, of a cup hereinafter described. Fig. 10 is `an elevation of a second embodiment of this invention, partly in vertical section; Fig. 11 is a vertical section on the central plane of the regulator; Fig. l2'is a top plan View of the carbureter, partly in section; and

Fig. 13 is a diag am showing the carbureter installed on an engine.

The apparatus shown in Figs. l to 9 `inclusively is so built up as to communicate a large amount of heat to the liquid fuel, on its issue from the spraying nozzle andbefore its mixture with the amount of air which is required for its combustion. For this purpose, the spraying nozzle is located in aposition away from the main passage for the air and it may be considered as being interposed on a small branch pipe one end of which is open to the atmosphere, while the other end is located on the aXial line of the choking shell, which is placed in the suction pipe of the engine, between the atmosphere and the combustion chamber. The main supply of air is drawn in, before being heated. through such pipe -and receives its supply of fuel when' passing through the shell. The device comprises a reservoir orv float chamber a always at the 'same level within which lies a lioat a1 and which is provided on its out-er wall with a projection a2 in the shape of. a hollow T, the vertical conduit aa of which communicates, at the bottom, with the interior of the reservoir a and is closed, at the top, by a detachable reading-sight a4. one of the lateral arms of the hollow T being connected with a supply pipe for the hot air and the other arm being connected by a pipe c with a vacuum manometer o1. The part a2 is integral with the casing d of the choker member, andin which a hollow conical shall c is enabled to revolve. The chamber o5. with which the pipe is connected, communicates, through a conduit a, with the interior of the casing.

from the latterfinwhich casethe part a would be connected by piping with the casing cl.

The casingci is provided with two ports diametrically opposed the one all of which,

, located atthe lower part, is open to the atmosthe suction pipe of the engine by the threaded. coupling d3. The hollow shell e," which is open at one end, toward the part a2, is likewise provided with two ports. el, c2 diametrically opposed, of the same diameter as the ports (Z1, l2 and coperating therewith. Such f-casing is furthermore provided, at an angle of. 90 degrees from the ports el, e2, wlth a small holefe3 (see Fig, 5). the functionof which will be apparent 'farther on. AThe open end of the casing d is-closed by a dejtachableA lid d?, having at its center a hole 'for fthe passage ofthe stem e0 of the shell e, on-which stem is' secured the controlling arm e4 which, in the .case of amotor-car enl gine for instance, allows the .driver o fisuch vcar to operate, at will,vfrom his seat and through the medium of lsuitable gearing,

- centrically therein, zi-diffusing tube constithe shell e as re uired'.

Within the ro ary shell e is arranged, contuted (see Figs. 4 and 5) .by a metal tube f,

.the cylindrical wall of which, provided with holes f1, is covered with fine wire-gauze f2 also surrounded by a helical springf3 which keepsit in'place. One ofthe ends'of the tube f is embedded in 'the bottom of the shell andl its other end is maintained in a cup g lwhich is secured by means of two screws g1 to the bottom wall of the casing al and contains apiece of felt packing g2-or ,othery ab?,

i sorbent material, which is applied againstv` such wall and has (see Figs. 4, 5, 8 and 9) 'an .openingg3 providing, within the cup, a chamber into which the aforesaid conduit a Catesl "with, the interior of the dlifusi'ng tube vf. through a central. ort g4, there also opens cates at its other'end, withthe chamber h1 a conduit h which, ored in the'part a2 coaXia'lly with the diifusing tube, communi? which is formed within the said part a2 and inl which ishoused-the spraying nozzle z'. `which is above the channel a?.

y Within the diiiuser'tube f is placed a. needle j the end j of which extends out- Wardly through the stem eof the shell e V while its other end jl, of conical.shape, eX-

tends inwardly close to the yconduit h and `part of the needle. y" which intersects the of forming, within they diffuser tube 7, an

'annular space into'which the liquid is discharged. The outer end j@ of the needle y' is likewise reduced- 'and lpasses through a vto hold the point of the needle in its normal phere while the other one Z2 is conneeted wlthvpositior'zrrnd to restore the same when'mied" therefrom while imparting motion-'to the` fuel which `flows throughthe diifuser tube f. B y this means,` the liquid, issuing from the sprayingnozzle z' in" the chamber h1` andl which is supplied through the port It, is spread on thewhole of the periphery of the latter-,and can only get out by being very nely divided in the main column'of the air sucked in through the casing d. These con- `ditions so favorable to the quickness of the of the suction pipe. With the present invention, the main column of the air does not pass through the wire-gauze f2. but is simply' d ivided aroundthe latter, into two symmetrical streams having a sectional area'equal to thatof the suction pipe itself. l

v The small pipe connected with the chamber a5 ofthe portion a2, is openv at'its outer end to the atmosphere and passes into theinterior of the exhaust pipe la of the enf ginevv 'to some distance or preferably. right through the length of the latter. means, the,t small amount ofvairsucked 'in throughthe pippe during the suction strokes of the engine is superheated to such an eAX- tent astobe about equal to the temperature Aof the exhaust gases, temperature which is,

to someextent, proportional to the amount of the air and the fuel consumed, and it By'. this meets with, under thefform of a hot stream,

.the liquid jet issuing from the sprayernozzle i andonwhich it strikes ina directionperpendicular to such jet. `The liquid jet-isf thus immediately spread in spray or so 'disseminated as to displaya'very large area to the superheated air.` The mechanicaland physical actions, combined, t0 which the vtwobodies of air and fuel are subjectedfat this time and during their ,subsequent passage' to I the main column of the air :have the result:`

of raising considerably' the ytemperature of `the liquid mass and Aof `causing the-latter to pass in part tothe stateof `saturated steam. v The' aforesaid diffuser tube secures, after p this, the extremely-fine subdivision of the constitutes a point capablezof yobturatingy such conduit completely or partly. 'l The particles and an increase of .the contact surface of the main column of air.

The high temperature of the combustiblel mixture supplied to the diffuser tube through the '.port gtacts to :efficiently prevent the obstruction of the meshes of the wire-gauze f2 'in the chamber h1.

by the formation of batches of rime on the surface of the latter. The wire-gauze itself avoids any danger of a return of the flame to the reservoir a. having the float. but.even in the case of a non-absorption of the flame by the wire-gauze, a combustion in the passage leading to the constantly level reservoir a cannot take place by reason of the small amount of air present and of its snpersaturated state. l

The movable point j* provides an easy means whereby to vary in a wide range the amount of fuel discharged and this without any modification either of the sectional area of the orifice of the sprayer nozzle itself. or of the respective sectional areas of the inlet and outlet ports (l1. (.72. The chamber LI. into which opens the sprayer nozzle i. is in communication with th, atmosphere through a small hole /12 (see Fig. 2) through which a slnall amount of air is sucked and carried forward by the oil. through the said chamber and the discharge outlet 4z, to the. diffuser tube. VAs the sectional area of theI hole7t2 is always the same. any diminution ofthe sectional area of the discharge outlet if. tends to reduce the' di'erence existing between the atmospheric pressure which acts onthe Constant level and that existing. near the sprayer nozzle 2.

The proper position of the obturating point il with regard to the discharge outlet I. by which, position the delivery is regulated. is obtained'. for each open position of the shell. by means of a cam l suitably mounted and secured to the stem cf of the shell e. Such cam. which is carried forward b v the rotation of such shell. transmits. by means of an intermediate bell crank lever Z1. pivoted at 7L. the required amount of motion to the needle j carrying the point y". The cam 7 can act on the bell crank lever 7l lthrough the'medium of the adjustable abutment 73. provided at the end of the latter and the said lever can be connected by means of any suitable gearing. such as the one 7". with'a handle llocated within reach of the driver. thus allowing the latter to act on the leverfl and. through the medium of the'latter. on the needle j.

for the purpose of completely closing, by

means of the point jl. the orifice l.

During the slow speed periods of the engine or motor. when the latter isA running idle. one can stop completely the entry of the lnain air by so turning the shell c as to move the ports e. cf out of register with the ports ril. r'- and also as to canse the supply of air to be sucked in exclusively' through the suction pipe ln this position of the shell. the port ci" allows of the passage ofthe sn'mll'amount of combustible mixture required into the suction pipe.

'l`he horizontal arrangement of the passage for the fuel to the interior of the shell vin the constant level reservoir (l.

@, and the faculty of being enabled lo stop completely the entry of the main amount of air permit of closing instantaneously the choker. during the fast speed periods of the motor, without any loss of fuel which continues for the time being' to flow from the sprayer nozzle v', by reason of the inertia of its motion.v The liquid which lies in the diffuser tube is completely inclosed within the shell. '.llhe fact is that the slowness of the outflow, which .is brought about by the idleness of the sprayer nozzle and which is commonly found in all carino-eters. is avoided and the rapid acceleration of the motor on the opening of the shell again is greatly facilitatedY The horizontal direction given to the liquid on its passage from the sprayer nozzle 'i to the main column of the air and the very fine subdivision of its particles at the point of contact with such column secure the mixture .of the' liquid fuel and the air completely. even at -the slowest speed of the air at which the outflow of the liquid can take place. Of course. under extreme conditions. the liquid will pass by gravity. to the diffuser tube f and will be held in suspension therein. by capillarity. on the surface of such tube until. it is carried away by the, air sucked in. rThe essential dillerence which exists. in this particular point of view. between the device according to this invention and all the other known carbureters` of the sprayer nozzle type. results from the fact that. in the latter. a relatively fast speed of the air must be maintained for the purpose of providing means whereby to breakup and raise the `fuel discharged at all the velocities ofthe motor.

The sprayer nozzle z' is made up of a small plug provided with a hole or port 1. of suitable sectional area and secured in the bottom of the chamber zl. at a point nearly co1'- responding to the upper level of the liquid This arrangement ofthe fastening point of thenozzleis advantageous as to the facility of the access thereto which it provides. and it also presents this other :ulvantage that the nozzle i can be removed or replaced without any loss of the liquid contained in the constant level reservoir. This latter advantage does not exist in any of the carbureter devices of the aforesaid type now known. in which the fastening point of the nozzle is found invariably below the level of the liquid so that, when the nozzle is removed. the splashing which results. besides the waste of the fuel carried away. constitutes a source of danger of fire.

The sight-light 04. which is located immediately above the nozzle i. permits of ob` serving directly the level of the liquid at the nozzle itself` without having toremove or displace any part of the, apparatus. The

permanent immediately to the nozzle.'

the abovedescribed method of regulating the dischargeof the fuel through. the.

medium of the-.obturating `point j?, -Without-I any modification ofthe sectional arjea of the` orifice 1 of thenozzle. and Withouuany. variation of the .respective sectionaly inlet. and outlet areasof the-ports c1, c? ofthey shell, there canbeobtained a constant indication of the -consumption of the` fuel inv liters per hour, as the degree of consumption 1s a direct factor of the sectional areaof the nozzle and of the vacuum existing immediately above such orifice.y The manometer c1,

in the case,` of its application to amotor-car or an aeroplane, can be located in a position suitable for being constantly under the eyes of the driver-who `can thus obtama complete control of the proportions of the mixture `in ajjf'ery simple manner and Without any poth'ering. e y

In case the constant level reservoir a should be located at some distance from the body d, instead of being placed direct against such vbody as in the arrangement hereinbefore described, the fuel would be brought to the diffuser tubeby means of a pipe leading from thel chamber h1. AThat being so, there Would be available a supplementary means (or onethat might be made` use of insteadl of thez'heating `ofuthetube l?) wherebyY to than these; hitherto attained. u

In the second emb diment oflithe invention lshown Figs. `l() to 13 inclusively, the

regulatingpoint locatedy in the axial line of motor -ivithin limits of the speed range Wider' y the tube mixing Ithe oil with the hot. air is supply conduit..

replaced by afrotfary and yhollow obturator lwhich yis alsolocatedjin the axial line of the' mixing 'tube and which is located at the same time in the prolongation of the hot air Such air is thus supplied direct to the mixing tube` Without any'appreciable loss of head, so that the depression produced in themixing tube acts fully on the orifice of the nozzle and that the delivery of the oil proportionate to ythe de-` livery ofthe air becomes as exact as possible,-

a designatesthe constant level reservoirA This, concurrently with the- .concordance with themrequirenients of 'the "is enabled to revolve, such shell serving -to regulate the entry of the air through the sight-light a4 can be removed instantane-l d the casing in which the conical shell e ously and when so' removcd, one has access lower aperture dofthecasingandtheissue yof the ymixture through the upper aperture d2 `when thelatter is connectedwith the motor. Suchshell, heldin the casing by i y,the lid d4, can beturnedbr revolved atvvill .by means ,of the, ar m je? 'secured to its stemco. l lThrough the stem e vpassesajrod ft associated with they perforated tube and carry? ing at its outer end a nut]c5 which allows' of y itsbeing rendered stationary With regard to' the shell e on account of the clampingxof the stemc0 between each nut and the tube Between Vthel tubef and a cylindrical sieve Y lof wire-gauzel f?, concentric with such tube` is placed a helical springf3 ,Which has sev* eral functions, one of which serves to hold the wire-gauze f2 in place ata predetermined such a manner as to enable the mixture of air and oil issuing from the holes f1 of the tube to be'easily allotted betweenall the meshes of the sieve f2; the .spring f3' serves also to push the shellte toward the lid Z1-fin rotation ofthe socket-q1J isk prevented by'a stationary pindG engagedin one of the holes n2 made in the flange nl; on the other hand,

' distance from the surface ofthetube f in the obturator m is so coupled Withithe tube f by means of catches f6 vas to becaused to turn or revolvein association With the tube and consequently Withthe 'shell e. Such rotation has'the effect of uncovering; more or less one of the lsprayer ports'fa3 made in .the socket n because the'i'nner'end lof theoloturator m ishelically cut and mayfmiss'` 4Wholly or in part suclrport. 4 The pitch of the screurl 'andthe fixation ofthe tube lwith regard to the shell e, hy meansof the nut f5, are preferably so regulated that the segment of the circle of the .port n? uncovered by'the edge 'of the helical edge of the obturator m shall be exactly proportional to the circle segments of the orifices d1, d2 uncovered Lbythe rectilinear edges e5,

e of theapertureswel, fe? of ythe shell. Tou

the outer end of the 'socket -nis coupled the u tube whichA after havingy traversed Athe whole of the length ofthe exhaust collector lc brings the hot air as directly aspossible to the carbureter; the part yof such tube com- '1 prised between the collectorlc and the carbureter is covered by a heat retainingfsheath in order that the air supply shall be,`:a's hot as possible. e l

The oil or other fuel goes from the reservoir a to the sprayer port its through a channel as provided in a junction piece a2 which connects thereservoir a with the easing d and one or both of such members.

The operation is as follows: Under the influence of the suction produced by the motor in the casing ai, the outer air enters through the ports d1, e1 and issues at a point diametrically opposite at e2, Z2 after having vtransversely to the stream of heating the greater without reducing the specific gravity of thel tween the deliveries passed symmetrically each side of the sieve f2 and after having lickedthe whole surface of the same. Through such sieve, the depression is transmitted to the interior of the tube 7", of the obturator m of the socket n and of the tube ZJ so that there is .produced a call for hot air through such tube and a call for oil through the port 11,3 communicating with the conduit a3. The oil j'et led hot airis carried forward by the latter through n, m, f and f2; in such course, the oil is highly heated and is volatilized in part; the passage of the oil through the sieve f2 `completes the pulverization tion of the oil, so thatlthe current of air entering through d1 carries forward a 1nix ture of hot air and of oil vapors inclosing onlya very little oil in the pulverized liquid state. Such result is obtained without overpart of the air and hence gaseous mixture, which would be detri-I mental to the power of the motor. For slow running, the shell e is turned in such a manner that the apertures el, e2 are closed. However, the motor continues to suck in a small amount of the combustible mixture through a small port e7 made in the wall of the shell and through a small tube es of which the lower end opens into the lower chamber of the shell; the mixture is then formed exclusively of oil and hot air. The function of the tube es is to exhaust the oil which would tend to settle at the bottom of the shell on the slow working of the motor, such oil finding itself sucked through, such tube, and pulverized at its issue in the hotv air sucked in at the same time. The arrangement of the socket n allows of locating any o'ne of the holes n3 in front of the channel a3 so that in giving to suchholes slightly different diameters, it is easy to change the delivery of the oil. One can furthermore easily modify the Aproportionate part beof the air and oil by slightly changing theiixation of the tube f and consequently of the obturator m with regard to the shell.

' laims: Y

1.- ln a carbureter, the combination of a suction and mixing casing adapted to receive direct from the atmosphere the main supply of air without being previously which may be associated either with v sprayer nozzle; and

and the volatilizay the nozzle penetrates into part of the -in the said heated, a mixing tube having its wall perforated and located in said casing, a sprayer nozzle, a conduit adapted to bring into the said mixing tube a small complementary air supply with. the fuel issuing from the means whereby to heat such complementary air supply.

2. In a carburetor, the combination of a suction and mixing casing, adapted to receive direct from the atmosphere the main air supply without being' previously heated, a mixing tube having its wall perforated and-located in said casing, a conduit one end of which opens into the atmosphere and the other end into the said mixing tube and serving to bring therein a small complementary air supply, means whereby to heat such conduit and consequently such complemen-` tary air supply, andl a sprayer nozzle opening into the said conduit in proximity to the said mixing tube. v 3. Ina carbureter, the combination of a casing having two opposite openings, a. hollow shell revolving in such casing and having corresponding openings, a mixing tube having its wall perforated and located in axial line with such shell, a conduit communica-ting on the one hand with one end of such tube, and on the other hand with the atmosphere, heating means adapted to heat one portion of thesaid conduit, and a nozzle opening at a short distance from the lsaid end of the mixing tube, so that, under the influence of a suction inthe said casing, a mixture of hot air which is supplied throughthe said conduit such mixing tube and passes through its perforatedwall to be mixed with the air which passes through the openings of the said casing and of the said shell.

4. In a carbureter, the combination of a basing having two opposite openings, a shell revolving in such casing and having also two opposite openings, a mixing tube l'ocated at the center of such shell and having its wall perforated, a socket located in the prolongation of such tube and having in its wall a sprayer orifice, va tube located in the prolongation of such socket and opening -into the atmosphere, means whereby to heat such tube, and a hollow obturator revolving socket and adapted to obturate inA such a manner as to regulate the said sprayer orifice, such obturator being operatively connected with the said revolving shell.

5. In a carbureter, the combination of a and of fuel from4 having in its wall a sprayernozzle of cirsuch sprayerorifice, the active edge of such cular shape, a tube located in the prolongation of such socket and opening into the atmosphere,` a conical hollow obturator revolving in the-said socketgand adapted to obturate in such a manner as to regulate obturator being substantially rectilinear,

"-.vand the said obturator being operatively connected with the shell so that the uncovered portions of the sprayer nozzle .and of the openings of the casing have the shape of -circle segmentsv and are always substantially similar to one'another.

6; In a carbureter, the combination of a casing having openings at the bottoni and at the top, a hollow shell revolving in such casing*` and having twoopposite openings adapted tp correspond to those of the casing, and having also two small openings adapted to open into the upper opening of the casing and a tube leading from one of such small 'openings and extending through such hollow shell in proximity to the point diametricall y opposite to the said small opening, for the purpose specified.

7. In a carbure'ter, the combination of a i suction and mixing casing, 4having a main Iair inlet, a hollow shell revolvingin such casing and having openings .diametrically opposite, a mixing tube located at the center of such shell and having its wall perforated, means for, supplying liquid fuel and air to the mixingtube, afhelical spring located around such tube, and a,wiregaa1ze.cylin der placed around such spring and spaced by lsaid springfrom the surface of the mixing tube.

8. In a carbureter, the combination of a suction and `mixing casing a hollow shell rei' volvingin such casing, a vtube located at the center of such shell` andhaving its wall perforated, such tube being adjustably secured to one end of the said shell, a socket located-v` i in the prolongation of such tube andsecured to the said casing, such socket having a spray orifice in its wall, a hollow obturator revolving in'su'ch socket and operatively -connected with the said tube, and means whereby to revolve the shell with such tube and with .such obturator.

9. In a carbureter the" combination of a `suction and mixing casing, a mixing tube located in said casing and having its wall perforated, a conduit connecting saidtube with the atmosphere, a sprayernozzle in such conduit, aijmanometenand la'tube the end of which 1s connected wlth such manometer and 'the opposite end of which opens in proximity to the sprayer nozzle.

10. In a carbureter, the'combination of a suction casing having two oppositeopen and means for regulating the amountaof liquid fuel supplied.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my invention Il have signed my name in presence of *two subscribing witnesses.

i DANIEL CAI-IILL.

'Witnessesz LUomN MEMMINGER,

MAURIon ROUX.

Images