US1177917A - Steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

O. BANNER.

STEAM TuRBmE.

APPLICA-HON FILED AUG|27|1914| 1, 177,917. Patented Apr. 4, 1916.

I y normal low pressure stages to operate i inactive low pressurestage are range of loads.

'UNITED sTATns PATENT curro-n.

PANY, 0F JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION 0F NEW JERSEY.

STEAM-TURBINE.

` I Specication of Letters '.Patent.

Patented Apr. 4, 1916.

Application led August 27, 1914. Serial No. 858,813.

To all whom t may concern y Be it known that I, OTTO BANNER, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing at Easton, in the county of Northampton ,and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Steam-Turbines, of which the following is a speciiication.

This invention relates to fluid operated turbines, and more particularly to turbines adapted to be used through a considerable In my co-pending application, Serial No. 834,890 liled April 28th, 1914, I have described a turbine for this purpose which comprises a high pressure stage, a series of low pressure stages, which continually receive the exhaust from the high pressure stage and a second normally inactive low pressure stage consisting-of a velocity compounded wheel situated in the exhaust chamber of the turbine. In this turbine a series of valve controlled nozzles are used, those on the high pressure with the live steam and `those on the normally, inactive wheel being supplied from the exhaust of the high pressure wheel. Under conditions of normal load only the nozzles on the high pressure wheel are opened while under greater load conditions further nozzles on the high pressure wheel are opened and at the same time nozzles leading from the exhaust of the high pressure wheel to the normally inactive wheel, the pressure of the fluid passing through the normally supplied low pressure stages being thus maintained low enough for tlllie e ciently. In this turbine the high pressure nozzles are designed to expand the steam Jfrom its original pressure to a pressure considerably above the exhaust pressure of the turbine, while the nozzles of the normally designed to expand the steam from the pressure at the exhaust of the high pressure wheel to approximately the exhaust pressure of the turbine, or a little above, the wheels being of such a diameter that they will eiiiciently abstract velocity of the steam flowing from their respective nozzles.

The object of the present invention is to Asimplify the construction of the regulating mechanism without any material decrease in the over all ehciency of the turbine, and to do this the high pressure steam is supwheel being supplied v plied under ,high loadconditions,directlyv` to the normally inactive wheel, this being provided with nozzles of such a design that they expand the steam all `the way from inlet pressure to, or somewhat above, the exhaust pressure, while this normally inactive wheel is made of suiicient diameter and with two or more rows of blades so that velocity of the steam can be efiiciently abstracted. 4 l

A practical embodiment of the invention 1s shown in the accompanying drawings, in which,

Figure 1 shows a side elevation of a turbine with the upper half in section, and Fig. 2 shows a plan view ofthe turbine partly broken away to show the details.

In the drawings, the turbine is shown as comprising a casing 1 which is divided by diaphragms or partitions 2, 3, 4 and 5 into a high pressure chamber 6, low pressure chambers 7, 8 and 9, and an exhaust chamber 10, which preferably leads by an exhaust conduit 11 to a condenser, (not shown).

In the high pressure chamber 6 rotates a high pressure wheel 12, which is here shown as having a single row of blades. In the low pressure chambers 7 8 and 9 low pressure wheels 13, 14 and 15 rotate, respectively,

while in the exhaust chamber a further low pressure wheel 16 rotates. These low pressure wheels may or may not be, as shown, of smaller diameter than the high pressure wheel 12. In the exhaust chamber 10 also rotates a wheel 17 for use under high load conditions. This, as shown, has two rows of blades, 18 and 19, although more or less rows may be used if desirable. Steam or other .operating fluid is introduced to the turbine through a conduit 20 which connects with a series of steam chambers 21, 22, 23 and 24. From the steam chambers 21 and 22 steam is led to and directed against the blades of the high pressure wheel 12 by a series of nozzles 25 and 26. These nozzles 25 and 26 are so designed that they allow a large pressure drop, the 'steam expanding therein from the line pressure to a comparatively low pressure, but one which is considerably above the exhaust pressure of the turbine. The steam from these nozzles after passing through the high pressurewheel 12 passes consecutively through the low pressure wheels 13, 14, 15 and 16 through BANNER', OF EASTON, PENNSYLVANIA., VASSIGNOIR. T0 INGERSOLL-RAND COM- the Wheel 17.

nozzles 27, 2S, 29 and 30, respectively, in the diaphragms 2, 3, 4 and 5, the remaining pressure drop of the-steam being thus utilized. From the steam chests 23 and 24 steam can pass through conduits 31 and. 32 to nozzles 33 and 34 which lead the steamv to and direct it against the blades of Wheel 17. These nozzles 33 and 34 are so designed that they permit the expansion .of the steam from line pressure to or somewhat above the exhaust pressure of the turbine and the blades of the wheel 17 are designed to efficiently abstract -the high .velocity `produced by the large expansion, it being evident that the Wheel 17 must be of .considerable diameter to accomplish this result. The steam under line pressure is admitted from the conduit 20 t0 the steam chambers 21, 22, 23, 24, by valves 35'1 which are controlled by a regulating mechanism 36 of any desired construction,v

such as shown, for example, in my cepending application Serial No. '830,843 tiled April 10, 1914. This regulating mechanism 36 is so arranged that steam is first admitted to chamber 21, passing rvthrough nozzles 25 and then under increasing load conditions to chambers 22, 23 and 24, the steam from the chambers 23 and 24 passing directly rto the Wheel `17. By this construction, the pressure in the chamber 6 is not allowed to rise above a point Where the steam Will not be able to pass efiiciently through the low pressure Wheels 13, 14, 15 and 16, the steam required for higher loads passing directly to The regulating mechanism, therefore, is considerably simpliiied Without anyappreciable loss in eiciency.

It is to be understood that While the present showing and description discloses only one specified modification of the invention,

other forms and modifications are included in the spirit and scope in the claims..

WhatjI claim is: 1. In a steam turbine, a high pressure thereof, as expressed load wheel only under high load conditions.l

2. In a steam turbine, a high pressure Wheel and a series of low pressure Wheels re-` a single velocity` ceiving steam therefrom, compounded wheel of larger diameter for use under high loads located in the exhaust n of said '10W pressure Wheels, nozzles for adi mitting' steam to said high pressure Wheel,

nozzles for admitting steam to said high load Wheel, and regulating mechanism for nozzles under increasing load conditions.l

3. In a steamA turbine, a high pressure'- stage and a series of low pressure'stagesfreiceiving steam therefrom, a Wheel for high loads located in the exhaust of the turbine, nozzles for admitting steam to said .highlstage anda series of low'pressure stages re-V ceivlng steam therefrom, a Wheel for hlg v 460 admitting steam serially to said high presq sure nozzles and to said high load wheel.:

loads located in the exhaust of the turbine,

nozzles for admitting steam to said high pressure Wheel, and nozzles for admitting steam to said high load Wheel, ksaid last above exhaust pressure. '4 Y In testimony whereof I have hereunto set-3 named nozzles being designed to expand, Y vthe steam from line pressure to a pressure

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