US1177370A - Electrical system for autovehicles. - Google Patents

Description

R. VARLEY.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR AUTOVEHIC LES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 17, 1912.

1,177,370, I Patented Mar. 28,1916.

FIG. 1

WITNESSES INVENTOR rm: COLUMBIA rumomuum cu., WASHINGTON, o. \n

R. VARLEY.

ELEGTRlCALSYSTi-IM FOR AUTOVEHICLES.

APPLICATION FlLED-JUNE17.1912.

Patented Mar. 28, 1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

MM?? 7711, 114 w W I R. VARLEY. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR AUTOVEHICLES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 17, 1912.

1 1 77,370 Patented Mar. 28, 1916.

5SHEETSSHEET 3. c0 w FIG. 3

FIG. 4

THE COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH 50., WASHINGTOMD. c.

R VARLEY.-

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR AUTOVEHICLES APPLLCATION FILED 1UNE17,!912.

Paiented.fiian 28,1916.

s sHEETs-SHEET4. lumm INVENTOR. (FM v" 7% WITNESSES. wmew R. VARLEY.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR AUTOVEHlCLES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE H, \912.

Patented Mar. 28, 1916.

5 SHEETSSHEET 5.

INVENTOR.

WITN E5555.-

coLuMmA PLANOGRAPH c0. \vAsl UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RICHARD VARLEY, 0F ENGLEW'OOD, JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO VARLEY DUPLEX MAGNET COMPANY, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR AUTOVEHICLES.

Application fi1ed June 17, 1912.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, RICHARD VARLEY, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Fnglewood, in the county of Bergen and vented new and useful Improvements in Electrical Systems for Autovehicles, of which the following is a full, clear, 2111Cl6X act description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification.

This invention relates to new and improved electrical apparatus which is adapted to a variety of uses but which is'more particularly intended to constitute a part of the equipment of autovehicles, such as automobiles, motor boats, and similar vehicles, and it aims to provide a simple and efficient electrical equipment which in its, preferred embodiment contemplates a dual system including therein a light or work circuit whereby the vehicle and attachments used thereon may be illuminated, and means for igniting the explosive charges in the propelling engine.

It is the practice to provide for the illumination of an autovchicle by the installation thereon of an electrical generator posi tively driven from the shaft of the propelling engine and it is also common practice to ignite the combustible mixture in the cylinders of the engine through the intermediary of spark plugs mounted in the cylinders and energized by means of a magneto or similar or other apparatus.

One of the main objects of my invention to provide a work and ignition system the elements of which shall have such interrelative properties and actions that variations in the voltage of the work circuit will lie mimmized, and substantially constant maintenance of the voltage in said circuit obtained, and efficient high potential sparks will be initially and at all other operative times developed at the spark plugs. I therefore overcome the well known diiiiculty of securing a non-fluctuating voltage in the work circuit and also a high potential spark atthe plugs, especially during the initial turning or the starting of the engine.

.-2 further object of my invention is to provide a system having a work circuit con nected ith a generator and battery or accumulator, combined with which is an au- Specification of Letters Patent.

State of New Jersey, have in- Patented Mar. 28, 1916. Serial No. 704,258.

toinatic device for disconnecting the battery from the generator when the engine which drives said generator is abruptly stopped, so as to prevent short circuiting or counter action of the battery through the generator, and to furnish means for enabling the armature of the generator to rotate or run free should the engine he suddenly stopped, thereby averting transmission of injurious strains to the generator.

I also aim to so combine the different parts and circuits of the system as to render the requisite apparatus exceedingly compact, a desideratum in autovehicle construction in view of the limited space available, especially in automobiles.

IVhile I have stated that my invention preferably takes the form of a dual or interdependent work and ignition system, I do not desire to limit myself thereto, as the work and ignition elements have novel features separate and apart from one another. These features, as well as those above broadly indicated, will be hereinafter more fully described.

The arrangements of parts and circuits and windings on the generator unit, hereinafter referredto, may be changed by those skilled in the art without departing from my invention, and I do not therefore desire to limitmyself thereto.

Figure 1 is a partial top plan view of an autovehicle chassis, having applied thereto apparatus pertaining to my invention; Fig. 2 is a frontelevation of a duplex generator which forms part of the preferred construction embodying my invention; Fig. 8 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of the duplex generator and certain of the elements associated therewith; Fig. i is a transverse section of the generator, taken on the line 4.4t of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a rear elevation of the generator and of the distributer mechanism mounted thereon, the cap portion which normally covers the distributor being broken away for purposes of illustra tion; Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of the preferred circuits and associated mechanism which may be employed in my system; Fig. 7 is an end elevation of the automatic device for disconnecting the battery from the generator; Fig. 8 is a side elevation of said automatic disconnecting device; Fig. 9 is a rear view of the same, the shaft being in section; and Fig. 10 is a bottom plan view of the switch and associated mechanism which is adapted to be operated by the disconnect ing device.

Referring to Fig. 1, the frame 2 of an autovehicle has mounted thereon the usual propelling engine 3. Mounted preferably directly on the frame of the engine is the frame 10f a generator,the details of construction of which are clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4:. This generator frame is preferably substantially shell-like in contour and is provided with an intermediate cross-member or pole piece support 5 carrying an upturned pole piece 6 which is diametrically disposed with respect to a depending top pole piece 7. The pole piece 6 may be relatively shallow, as shown, while the pole piece 7 is preferably extended compensatingly downwardlyto accommodate the field winding disposed thereon, which latter will be hereinafter more fully described. The poles 6 and 7 form between them the magnetic field chamber for an armature 8, and in the formation of such field I may also employ the stub poles 9. Below the member 5 is a second or auxiliary armature 10 which is adapted to rotate between a pair of pole pieces 11, which are preferably extended laterally from the sides of the frame 1 so as not to unduly increase the height of said frame.

The armature 8 has the shaft 12 thereof journaled at its forward end in a ballbearing 13 in the front end plate 14. of the generator frame and at the rear in the similar bearing 15 mounted in a bracket or standard 16 secured to the frame. The stub shafts 17 and 18 of the lower armature 10 are journaled in ball bearings 19 carried by the front end plate 11 and by a rear end plate 20. Fastened to the shaft 17 is a spur gear 21 (see Figs. 1 and 3) which is driven by a gear 22 on the engine shaft through the intermediary of an idler gear 23.

The engine shown (for purposes of illustration) represents a four cycle type and the ratio of the gears may be such as to drive the armature 10 at the engine speed, thus securing synchronous association of ignition apparatus and engine, as will be hereinafter more fully described. Fixed to the stub shaft 17 is a gear 2 1 meshing with a gear 25 on the armature shaft 12. This latter gear has an operative or driving connecticn with the shaft 12 through a slip clutch or ratchet and pawl arrangement, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3; the ratchet 26 preferably being keyed to the shaft 12 and the pawls 26 being carried by the gear 25.

The shaft 18 of the lower armature 10 has fixed to it a gear 27 which meshes with a gear 28 carried by the insulating sleevelike h b 29 of a distributer arm 30. This h b 29 extends inwardly from the head 31 of the distributer arm and has a bushing 32 which is journaled in the rear end plate 20. \Vithin the hub is a conductive pin 33 having the inner terminal head 31 between which and the current collector ring 35 of the armature 10 are interposed two preferably alined brushes 36 and 37. These brushes are slidably mounted in a conductive sleeve 38 and are urged in opposite directions, into engagement with their respective contact pieces, by an interposed spring 39. The sleeve 38 is in turn mounted within an insulating sleeve 40 mounted in a socket or head 41, said socket interlocking with a lug 42 which depends from the bracket 16. The socket 41 is capable of being swiveled around or turned to permit of adjustment or removal of the brushes 36 and 37 when the screw 13 which clamps it against its lug is sufficiently loosened. The collector ring 34 is insulated from the armature 10 as at 1-1, and connects with the winding of the armature through a connector 15 which may also be insulated by insulating material 16. The distributor arm 30 may be of the construction usually found in magneto generators; the head 31 thereof having a spring pressed contact 47 mounted in the arm and adapted for contact with the different segments 48 (see Figs. 5 and 6) within the insulating head piece e9, which segments are connected in ignition capacity to spark plugs 50 in the cylinders of the engine in a well known manner. A suitable removable cap or cover piece 50 may be provided for the distributer mechanism.

Fixedly secured to the outer end of the stub shaft 18 is a head or support 51 carr ing on its outer face a plate 52 insulated therefrom by interposed insulation 52. The plate 52 is in contact with the tapered head of a screw 53, threaded into disk 51, and surrounding the member 52 is a cam plate or annulus 56 rotatably mounted on the generator frame and provided with two symmetrically disposed projections 57 which serve, upon rotation of the armature 10, to rock a bell crank lever 58, pivoted upon member 51, and separate an adjustable contact point 59 carried by said lever from a similar contact 60 mounted on and electrically associated with the plate for interrupting the circuit established therethrough in a well known manner. A spring 60 pressing against the bell crank lever normally keeps the two contact pieces together.

having a suitable commutator 61 from which, when a circuit, hereafter described, is closed, current is taken by brushes 62 and 63, as diagrammatically indicated in Fig. 6.

- The lamp circuit 64, in which are shown a plurality of lamps 65 preferably arranged in parallel, extends from the brush 62 to ground at 66, and is completed through switch 67 and conductor 67 from ground 63 to the brush63, when the switch 67 is closed, as hereinafter described. \Vhen the switch 67 is open the lamp circuit is completed through the ground 7 3, battery 72 and the winding 71 of the generator field, hereinafter described. Switches 69 are indicated at various points in this circuit for controlling the separate lights, and a main switch 69 may also be provided to collectively control them.

Upon the extended pole piece 7 is a field winding 70, which, as indicated in Fig. 6, is in shunt across the brushes 62 and 63. The second winding 71 also preferably disposed upon the pole piece 7, is connected to the brush 62 and is in circuit with the battery or accumulator 72. The windings 70 and 71 are so arranged that when the switch 67 is closed and the voltage of the armature 8 is less than that of the battery, the current from the battery flows through both windings in such directions that the magneto motive force of the coils 70 and 71 are added to one another. When the armature voltage exceeds that of the battery, the current in the winding 71 flows in the reverse direction so that its magneto motive force opposes that of the winding 70 and thereby decroa the magnetism in the field pole 7 The lower pole pieces of the auxiliary generator carry the windings 74: which are in energizing connection with the upper generator unit and battery 72 through circuit 75 which may be shunted across the brushes 62 and 63. The direction of current in the winding 74 on the pole piece 11 is the same as that in the winding 70.

In the preferred form, as indicated in Fig. 6, the armature 10 is adapted to deliver alternating current, and I preferably establish. such ratio of gearing between the engine shaft and the armature 10 as will generate current pulsation of high potential in synchronism with the compression strokes of the engine. To this end, the armature 1O mav have both a primary winding 7 6 associated with which is a secondary winding 77. Howe er, I do not desire to limit myself to such an arrangement as it be greatly varied. In the arrangement shown the inner end of the primary winding 76 is grounded on the armature 10 at 78; the opposite end or junction between the primary and the secondary is connected by means of the screw 53 (see Fig. 3) to the plate 52 mounted on the member5l carried by the shaft 18. The usual condenser 65 is connected in parallel with the primary winding; said condenser being charged and dis charged in a well known manner whenever the primary circuit is interrupted. The armature is grounded, as indicated diagrammatically at 7 9, and the contact 59 is also grounded through the frame of the apparatus by the lever 58, as at 80, this common grounding causing a short circuiting of the primary winding when the contacts 59 and 60 are in engagement with one another.

The secondary winding 77 is preferably connected at 81 to the live end of the primary winding, while the opposite end is connected to the collector ring 35 through connection 45, referred to in the detailed. description of the construction shown in Fig. 3. From the collector ring the current passes through the brush 36, sleeve 38, brush 37 and lead (diagrammatically indicated) 81 to the arm 30 of the distrihuter from where it traverses the successive contact segments 48 and the respective leads 82 which connect with the spark plugs 50, the latter being grounded through the cylinders, as at 83, in the usual manner.

The battery current, and more especially. of course, the voltage thereof, is such as to supply the lamp circuit without assistance from the generator. lVhen the armature 8 is being driven at a given speed, say 300 revolutions a minute, it will create an elec-' tromotive force in excess of the battery voltage and deliver current to the lamp circuit and charge the battery as well as excite its own field by the winding 70. \Vhen the lamps are lighted by battery current, a portion thereof flows from brush 62 through the lamp circuit to ground at 66 and thence to ground at 73 back to the battery.

As previously noted, generative driving of the armature 8 will cause the current to flow through the winding 71 in a direction opposed to that in the winding 7 0. As the speed of the armature 8 increases, the voltage rises. A rise in voltage will produce a flow of charging current through the battery and as this charging current traverses the winding 71, it acts to demagnetize the field, thus restraining the rise in voltage due to increased speed, and thereby operating to minimize or obviate variation in the voltage of the light circuit.

To ener ize the field winding 74: when the armature S is not generating suflicient volta e and when the switch 67 is open, I provide a two point switch or a strap key or other suitable switch 84k having two normal.

contacts 85 and 85' completing the circuit I 75 of the windings 74 from the brush 62 to the brush 63. By depressing, or shifting the key of the switch 84;, the connection be tween the winding 7 4; and brush 63 is opened or broken, and by shifting said key to a contact S5 connection between the windings 7t and a ground 86 is established, permitting the battery current to flow through the winding 74-, thus energizing the field of the armature 10 without being heavily shunted through the armature S and shunt winding 70. lVhen the key of the switch 84 is released or returned to normal position, the circuit from the brush 62 through the winding 7% to brush 63, is reestablished through the contacts 85 and S5, and the field of the armature 10 is energized by current derived from the armature 8. The switch 8 is preferably for manual operation during act of cranking or starting of the engine.

Rotation of the armature 10 in the magnetic field of the poles 11, of course, generates current in the primary inductive winding 76, which current, in the present case, passes through the interrupter mechanism, above described, to ground 80, returning to the opposite terminal of said winding which is grounded to the armature at 78; the armature being grounded, as stated, as at 79. In other words, with the lever 58 closed the primary circuit is short circuited. The condenser 55, as previously stated, is in parallel with the primary winding. As is well known, the potential of the current generated in the primary winding attains a maximum twice in each revolution, 2'. c. at each 180 degrees of rotation, of

. the armature and the cam projections 57 are timed or set to separate the contacts 59 and 60, in the manner above described, to interrupt the primary circuit substantially at these maxima. The high potential current induced, through such interruption, in the secondary winding is delivered to the respective spark plugs by the distributer mechanism; being collected from the ring by the brush 36 and passing through the distributer arm 30 and a given segment 48 to the corresponding lead 82 and spark plug 50 and from thence back through the armature 10.

By the means of the system of energizing the winding T-l of the field of the auxiliary generator, there is insured a dense magnetic field preparatory to starting the engine, so that the secondary inductivewinding of the armature 10 is capable of delivering a high potential current at the spark plugs even upon initial rotation of said armature. I prefer to have the armature 10 thereof approach as closely as possible the faces of the poles 11 so as to avoid the interposition of an extended magnetically reluctant air space and I also dispose the poles at such distance from the cross-member 5 and the base of the frame as to prevent those portions from inductively distorting the magnetic field.

Rotation of the armature 8 at increasing speed due to acceleration of the engine speed of course increases the voltage, but, as stated above, this tendency to running up of the voltage is counteracted or impeded by the action of the second field winding 71. However, control is also exercised through a number of agencies residing in not only the direct or more immediate action of the winding 71 on the pole piece, as above described, but also in the magnetic characteristics of the field, evolved from the interrelative association of the upper and lower armatures and their fields. These characteristics consist in the mutations of potential values of the magnetic flux of the field, which take place in the frame of the structure. Such conditions are somewhat localized in the cross member which carries the lip-turned pole piece of the upper unit, but are not restricted thereto as the frame may play, as in the present case, a part therein. As the voltage rises in the upper unit, the tendency is to increase the magnetic potential or lines of force in the lower pole pieces 11. Part of these lines of force traverse the cross member (intermediate the upper and lower unit), while the lines of force in the magnetic field of the upper unit also traverse this cross member so that by this combined fluxing the cross member becomes readily saturated, in which condition it tends to oppose a further and increasing passage of the lines of force over the normal paths of the magneto frame. In the upper unit these lines of force are diverted or leak to the stub poles 9, while in the lower unit they are caused to take more of a downward course through the base of the f tune, with the result that this lower portion of the frame also becomes readily saturated and tends to oppose an increase in magnetic potential. To assist this control, I provide in the upper unit extended air gaps between the armature and the pole piece so as to provide magnetically reluctant air spaces which provide further leakage of the flux. The magnetic values or capacity of the cross-member 5 may, of course, be proportionally varied by employing different sized cross members. The idea, however, is to make this cross-member as thin as is consonant with proper flux control, so as to not unduly enlarge or encumber the apparatus and increase its weight, but I do not desire to limit myself to any particular size of cross-member as it mav be varied, as stated, without departing from my invention.

By means of the slip connection or drive 26 and 26, above described, the armature 8 will be enabled to run free should the enginesuddenlv stop, thereby averting the transmission of injurious shocks to the generator, preventing sudden stopping of the armature and obviating the consequent liability of short circuiting the battery in the manner to be hereinafter described. The slip clutch further relieves the strain in the driving connection between the generator rotors, consequent upon radical sudden change in speed and to sudden stoppage of the engine.

In addition to the advantages previously set forth, which reside in the provision of the slip drive, there is another result attained by its provision and existing through its relationship with the switch 67 mentioned above. The switch 67 preferably comprises the stationary contact 85 (see Figs. 7 8 and 9) and a movable switch contact member 86 connected in the circuit 67 between the ground 68 and brush 63. The member 86 is mounted on a suitable slidable base or block 87 whereby the said member 86 may be moved into and out of electrical engagement with contact 85 on shiftable movement of the block 87. Carried by the member 86 is a pin 88 which is adapted to be engaged by the cam faces of a rotatable member 89 mounted on preferably the shaft 12 of the armature 8. This member 89 comprises essentially a centrifugally expansible device composed of a main head or disk 90 having two symmetrically formed shoe members 91 pivoted thereon at 92. One portion 93 of each shoe is heavier than the remaining portion 94, the latter being cored out to obtain this result, and carried by the heavier portion 93 is the angular cam face 95 which, when the heavier side of the shoe is thrown outwardly by centrifugal force, will engage the pin 88 of the switch 67 and force the switch member 86 to circuit closing position. This closing takes place when the shaft 12 has reached a certain determined speed, say 300 revolutions a minute. \Vhen the engine slows down to a speed below the circuit closing speed, the heavier part of the shoe will return to normal position and to assist this return I may employ a contractile spring 96 leading from lug 96 on the disk 90 and terminally connected to pins 97 carried by the shoes 91. The disk 90 has elongated slots 98 through which the pins pass, so as to permit of movement of said pins under the shiftable action of the shoes. The pins are also tied together by the front straps or bars 97 so as to cause the two shoes to operate in un son and to otherwise balance one another. The opposite or lighter side of the shoes 91 is also formed with a cam face oppositely angularly disposed to the face 95. hen the shoes return to normal position so as to bring the lighter weight portion of the shoe from a retracted position to an extended position, the cam face 99 will strike the pin 88 and shift the movable member 96 of the switch to open or circuit breaking pos tion.

The pin 88 loosely fits the member 86 and is held in its extended position by the spring 88, whereby the pin is rendered yieldable so that should the shoes of the centrifugal member strike it a non-actuating blow, it will yieldably give thereunder and not damage the switch.

A detent or spring pressed latch 100 may be employed to hold the switch member 86 in either of the positions to which it is shifted by the cams. As shown, this detent cooperates with the latch-faced lug 101 carried by the member 86.

If the engine slows down gradually the opening of the switch 67 by the centrifugal device inevitably will be effected, but if the centrifugal device were to be stopped suddenly and so as to assume an inoperative position with respect to the switch 67 it would be possible for the engine to stop without having opened the switch in which case the battery would remain connected to the upper generator, short circuiting and dissipating the battery current. The slip drive, however, provides against such possibility, for no matter how abruptly the engine be stopped, the battery current will cause the armature to continue to rotate until the switch is automatically disconnected.

WVith the centrifugal device mounted on the shaft 12 the elements of switch 67 may be carried by the frame of the double generator. However, many ways of mounting and associating these members may be de vised without departing from my invention. It is also obvious that the slip connection or clutch may be disposed in other positions than that shown and may be structurally changed, the object sought to be attained thereby being that some element shall be free to rotate or move after the source of mechanical power has been rendered suddenly inoperative.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that I have provided a combined lighting and ignition system in which the ignition current is generated more eflicaciously than had heretofore been possible. and which, in addition, a current of substantiallv constant voltage is developed in the lighting or work circuit. It will also be seen that the duplex generator and associated mechanism is compactly constructed and arranged so that the device may be installed on an automobile in the minimum of space. It'will also be understood that the feature of creating a dense field in the ignition generator to insure effective ignition sparks during starting of the engine, is not to be limited to the particular construct on shown but may find embodiment in other types of generators, whether of a duplex construction such as described, or of the regular single unit generator.

The construction. parts, and ci cu ts shown are merely one of the many embodiments which my invention may take, and I therefore do not desire to limit myself to those specific devices and arrangement of parts and circuits, for

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: r

1. An electrical system comprising an electric generator, a work circuit connected therewith, ignition apparatus including an auxiliary electric generator, mechanical driving means for operatively driving the same, said generators each having a field winding, and winding energizing means common to both of said windings.

2. An electrical system comprising an electric generator, a work circuit connected therewith, ignition apparatus including an auxiliary electric generator, field windings for each of said generators, and a source of excitin current common to the field windings of both of said generators.

3. An electrical system comprising a plurality of electric generators, each of said generators having a generative winding and a field winding, the field winding of one of said generators being in circuit with the generative winding of the other generator, and an auxiliary source of exciting current for the field windings of both of said generators.

4. In an electrical system, a lighting generator, a lamp circuit connected with said generator, an ignition generator, a battery, and spark producing apparatus cooperating with said ignition generator, said ignition generator having a field winding in circuit with said lighting generator and also in circuit with said battery.

5. In an electrical system, two co-acting generators having field exciting means, said means including a field winding for each of said generators, and an accumulator in series with each of said windings, one of said generators having a generative winding in circuit with both of said field windings.

6. In an electrical system, two co-acting generators having field exciting means, said means including a field winding for each of said generators, and an accumulator in series with each of said windings, one of said generators having a generative winding in circuit with both of said field windings, and said field windin being in parallel in said last mentioned circuit.

7. In an electrical system, a work circuit, a generator for electrically energizing the same. said generator having field exciting and field regulating means which include a field winding and an accumulator in circuit therewith, a second generator having means whereby current from said accumulator may excite the magnetic field thereof, and driving connections between said generators.

S. In an electrical system, a work circuit,

a generator for electrically energizing the same. said generator having combined fiel'cl exciting and field regulating means which include a field winding and an accumulator in circuit therewith, a second generator having means whereby current from said aocumulator may excite the magnetic field thereof, and driving connections between said generators, said generators having a magnetic part in common.

9. In an electrical system, a work circuit,

a generator for electrically energizing the same, said generator having field exciting and field regulating means, said means including an accumulator, a second generator having means whereby current from said accumulator may excite the field thereof, driving connections between said generators, and means to enable one generator to run free of the other.

10. In an electrical system, a unitary structure comprising two current generating units, awork circuit connected to one of said generating units, spark producing apparatus including connections to the other of said generating units, said last mentioned unit having a field winding in shunt across the generative winding of said other current generating unit, and a battery also in circuit with said field winding.

11. In an electrical system, a work circuit, means for energizing and regulating the voltage of the same, comprising a generator and ignition apparatus including a second generator, the fields of both of the generators being interrelated and commonly ex cited. x

12. In an electrical system, a work circuit, a generator therefor having a rotary part of magnetic material, means for diverting therefrom a portion of the flux nor mally traversing said rotary part, to regulate the voltage insaid work circuit, said means including a second generator having parts of magnetic material, the flux action of which is controlled by the first generator, one of said generators having a field winding and the other of said generators having a generative winding in circuit with said field winding, and a battery in circuit with said field winding.

13. In an electrical system, two generators, a battery, each of said generators having a field winding and a generative winding, and means for bringing the battery in circuit with both of said field windings, and field windings of one generator further being in circuit with the generative winding of another of said generators.

14. In an electrical system, av source of current, a generator, a work circuit connected with said generator, an ignition generator, spark producing apparatus cooperating with said ignition generator, the ignition generator having a field winding in circuit with the first generator, a source of mechanical power for said generators, a switch actuating means operable when one off said generators is driven at a determined speed, and means co-acting with said switch actuating means for insuring the rc-actuation of said switch operating means wncn the specs falls below the determined rate.

15. In an electrical system, a battery, a generator, a work circuit connected with said generator, an ignition generator, spark producing apparatus cooperating with said ignition generator, the ignition generator having a field winding in circuit with the first generator, and a so in. circuit with the battery, a source of mechanical. power for said generators, a switch in cir wi h the battery, switch actuating means operable when one of said generators is driven at a determined speed, and means co-acting with said switch actuating means for insuring the re-actuation oi said. switch operating means when-the speed falls below the determined rate.

16. In an electrical system, a generator, a work circuit connected therewith, ignition apparatus including a generator, a rotative driving connection between the rotary elements of said generators, means for enabling one armature to rotate independently or the other, a switch in circuit with a generator, and means associatedwith one of the generators for actuating said switch.

17. In an electrical system, two co-aeting generators having field exciting means, said means including a field winding for each of said generators, an accumulator in series with each of said windings, a switch in circuit with said accumulator, means for actuating the switch when the speed at which a generator is driven exceeds a determined amount and for reversely actuating said switch when said speed is less than the de termined amount.

18. In an electrical system, two co-acting generators having field exciting means, said means including field winding for each of said generators, an accumulator in serles with each of said windings, one of said generators having an inductive winding in circuit with both of said field windings, a switch in circuit wi h said accun'iulator, means for actuating the switch when the speed at which the generator is driven ere ceeds a determined amount and for reversely actuating said switch when said speed is less than the determined amount.

19. Tn an electrical system, an engine, a magneto, means for creating a magnetic field in said magneto, said means including a battery adapted to be electrically connected to field winding of the magneto, a second generator, switch means for bringing the generative winding of the latter generator into circuit with the battery, and

to having field windin means for U a magnetic field in the magneto,

saie means including a battery, means for maintaining the magnetic field after the ma note has attained a determined speed, including a second generator adapted to de liver current to the field windin of the p a 9 n 1 magneto, and means ior bringing said generatm into circuit with the battery.

22. in an electrical system, an engine, a

being started, the means including a 't ry, and said. magneto having electrially connected field windings in circuit with said battery.

23. In an electrical system, an engine, a magneto generator and means for insuring a dense field in said magneto when the engine is being started, the means including a battery, and a generator having an inductive winding in circuit with said battery, said generator ane said magneto having electrically connected field windings in circuit with said battery 2%. in an electrical system, an engine, a magneto having field winding, means r'or creating a magnetic field in said magneto, said means including a battery, and means for maintaining the magnetic field after the magneto has attained a determined speed, including a second generator adapted to (le liver current to the field winding of the magneto when the generator voltage exceeus that of the delivery from the battery.

In an electrical system, an engine, a magneto, means for creating a magnetic held in said magneto, said means including a battery, means for maintaining the magnetic field after the magneto has attained a determined speed, including a second generator adapted to deliver current to the field winding of the magneto, and means for connecting the generator in circuit with the battery when the voltage of said generator exceeds that of the battery delivery.

26. In an electrical system, an engine, a magneto having field winning, means for creating a magnetic field in said magneto, said means including a battery, means for maintaining the magnetic field after the magneto has attained a determined sneed, including a generator adapted to deliver current to the field winding of the magneto,

1 in an electrical system, an engine, a

and means for connecting the generator in circuit with the battery When the voltage 01' said generator exceeds the battery voltage, said means being automatically dependent for operation upon the attainment of a determined speed by the generator.

27. In an electrical system, an engine, a magneto having a field winding, means for creating a magnetic field in the magneto, said means including a battery, means for maintaining the magnetic field after the magneto has attained a determined speed, including a second generator adapted to deliver current to the field Winding of the magneto, and means for connecting the generator in circuit with the battery when the voltage of said generator exceeds that of the battery, and for disconnecting the generator from the battery when the speed of the generator falls below a determined point.

28. In an electrical system, an engine, a magneto having a field Winding, means for creating a magnetic field in said magneto, said means including a battery, a second generator adapted to deliver current to the field winding of the magneto above a determined voltage, and means for connecting the second generator in circuit With the battery when the said generator attains a determined voltage.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

RICHARD VARLEY. lVitnesses M. A. KELLER, MARY A. Ban'rrr.

Copies of this patent maybe obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D. C.

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