US1175910A - Process of making motor-fuel. - Google Patents

Description

w. A. HALL.

PROCESS OF MAKING MOTOR'FU'EL.

APPLICATION FILED lAN.23| 1915.

1,175,910. I PatentdiMar. 14, 191-6.

anolo,

WILLIAM AUGUSTUS HALL, 01? NEW YURI, N. Y. 4

rnoonss or 'xrno Moron-roan.

Specification of- Iietters Patent.

' Application filed January 28, 1915. Serial No. 3,955.

To all 1012 0111- it may concern: a

Be it known that I, VILLIAM AUoUs'rUs .HALL, a citizen of the .United States of:

America, and residing. at New York .city',

- New York, United States of America, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Processes of Making Motor-Fuel, of

which the following is 'a specification.

This invention relates to the production of a new fuel suitable for use in automobile engines and possessing peculiar and highly valuable qualities not possessed by the 'ordinary gasolene of commerce.

It is "a slow burning fuel yet has an initial boiling point as low as gasolene and as large fractions volatile at low temperature say below 80 C.

lt'is'substantially free from liability to pre ignite and therefore in an engine using the fueh'knoc'king does not occur even with the spark advanced, to so great an extent as with ordinary gasolene. As a direct result there is much less wear and tear on the engine, and the engine can be operated while under full load at lower engine speed oron ahigher gear than when run on gasolene,

' which, means a considerable savingin fuel and owingto its large.fractionsfvolatilo at low temperatures great flexibility and quickness of ,accelerationis obtained. It

consumption, less frequent changing of -gears'and slipping of clutches. Such fuel .has been found particularly advantageous for use in",commerci al vehicles and in city traffic where frequent stopping and starting is required. This new fuel produced in the-manner hereinafter described can be out at a higher temperature thancan a gas oleneit can be cut sa'yat 180 C. as comparedawith 160 'C. in the casezof an ordinary gasolene. Its larger fractions volatile at low temperature have been: found to carry complete combustion to. the fractions volatile only at the highestternperaf hires, a considerably'increased mileage per gallon consumed being-the result The lowflash point and low initial boiling point give in an engine; run on the fuel, greatiease 1n startmg in cold weather,

J has been found that as great flexibility and ease of'starting can be obtained with this fuel when out at 180C. and of specific gravity;0.760 as can be obtained-on gasoleno of specific gravity 0.73:0ifcut at 160 C. A -distinguishingvcharacteristicofhe new n the pipe re of cracking'wrth a minimum of fixed or permanent gas consistent .withf economy of pressure.

' fuel is that it contains a proportion of unwould be permanent under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure, and a vapor of a hydrocarbon spirit which vapor if condensed to a liquid in the customary manner at atmospheric teniperature,, would not answer the purpose of a satisfactory motor fuel, the combination of the ennanent gas and vapor'being effected by'mechanical compression at a temperature sufficiently high to maintain the spirit portion .r eeatea Mar. re; 1916.

under treatment, largely or wholly in the g state of vapor. The process of production therefore has as its main feature the bring ing about of this endothermic reaction the otherstages being the production of the gas and vapor the bringing of them into the rightcondition for reaction and the treatment subsequent to the reaction to produce a refined spirit. The process thusconsists of the followingsteps': I

-1. Cracking an ;oil'(-which may be crude, gas, fu'el,. lamp or almost any distillate that in itselfi has ,a range of boiling temperatures that would not permit its useas a fuel the ordinary automobile engine).-'

in a continuous-tube of small size, one-to three inches, and of s'uflicient length,[at an average temperature of from,540 C. to.

600 C. on the exterior of the tube and under pressure preferably-of about 75 lbs.

per square inch, with aspeedof flow of oil lated to produce aemaximum operation. 4 V v V 2.. Expanding the product subseq uent to the cracking-operation; by .reduo ngythe 3. G oling, the vaporsfandgases when .in

this on ended state and from? them scpa:

[ins

rating ractions which have relatively h l we:

heat to other bodies.

4. Producing an endothermic chemical reaction between the gases and vapors, by compressing the same, under substantially adiaatic conditions, in a mechanical compressor to a pressure preferably from 100 to 125 lbs.

per'square inchtogether with all the gas that has been produced. along with all the spirit vapors that boil below the point of cut, admitting these into the cylinder of the compressor 'at a temperature sufliciently high that they enter while in the shape of vapor and mist, the fixed gas that-has not been attached being permitted to separate after cooling subsequent to the mechanical compression and be collected for. other use subsequent to compression. I use the term adiabatic, in' this specification in the same sense in which said term is defined in Hasting and Beachs General Physics, (published, Boston 1899) in which it is stated that a body is said to undergo an adiabatic change when its condition is altered, without its gaining or losing heat, to other-bod ies. In theprocess of the present inven-' tion, I compressthe gases and vapors, without materially adding to or taking away from the number of heat units present in the gases and vapors, by any influences. outside the gases and vapors present. There may, of course, be a small amount of heat radiated or otherwise lost from the surface ozf thecompressor,-'to the outside atmosphere, but vI donot purposely take away or add to the heat units. It is to be noted, that theendothermi'c reaction which'takes place in the gases themselves is not gaining or losing 5. Clarifying and deodorizing the product by extract ng-the yellow resinous colloidal anatter which it contains, preferably by distilling it in the presence ofa small amount of fullers earth:

The accompanying drawing illustrates an apparatus suitable for carrying out the process. up to the condensation of the motor fuel. The refining of the product may be performed In apparatus which is 'well known forthepurpose and which it is not necessary to' illustrate.

In-the practice of this process I start with a crude oil or a distillate which may be a v result. The coil may of about 0.860 specific gravity or a fuel oil of say 0.950 specificgravity or a oil' of about 0.82 specific the process is adapted to This oil is" being determined by a pyrometer 6, the thermo-couple of which is. placed in the center of the nest of tubes 4. The temperature of the gases and vapors inclosed in the tubes may be of somewhat lower temperature than that existingat the exteriorjof the tube, opposite the samepoint, varying with the speed of flow of the fluidin the coil' and slightlv'higher at the bottom of thebends and slightly lower at the top. As an example, the oil is pumped through this coil of tubes at about the rate of 50 to 70 the quality of the oil used. The length oftubing of coil 4 is about 320 feet. The rate of flow and the length of coil mentioned are simply given as examples of rate and length producing good results; the rate of flow' may gal- 'lons per hour which rate will be varied with be increased or reduced by quitea considerable amount without greatly changing the be increased in length but if of 1 pip,e.could not be reducedmuch ing the result. 7 The coil 4 may be heated with a flame of gas or by the combustion of manner. In the coil 4.. the oil is partially cracked and there is produced a considerable amount of gas which would remain as permanent gas under ordinary conditions.

From eoil 4.- the gases and cracked oil in the state. ofvapor pass in the direction of the arrow through pipe 7 which is fitted with abelow the figure mentioned without changoil, coal or coke, or in any other suitable valve 8.- This valve 8 is used as the main throttle and governs the amount of oil pass.

ing through coil and also governs the pres-. sure maintained 111 said coil. A pressure of about 75 lbs. per square inch maintained in 'coilf l appears to give the best results. After 1 passing the valve 8 the gases are. permitted to expand into the dephlegmatorQfitted with an air jacket 10 and preferably filled with short pieces of pipe or kindred shapes or the like 11 wherein the pressure is decreased from 75 lbs. per square inch (thepressure square inch or less and the temperature reduced down to about 325 0. Carbon 1s thrown out in large quantities by the expan- .sion of'the gases and'collects on the filling material in this and the succeeding 'dephlegmator. v

The portions of oilnot volatile 'at" the within the coil ,4) down to about 10 lbs. per

temperature of about 325 C. condense in dephlegmator 9 and are extracted from the bottom by way of a pipe12 in the-form of-a i so called. heavy residue o'f;a gravity of 7 about 1.0. The more'volatile portions pass on through pipe '13 in'the direction of. the

arrow and through a similar dephlegmator' 14 where the temperaturejis reduced to' the pointvwhere it ,is desired to make the final i ".cut, usually about C. the condensable portion being extracted by wavof a pipe .15

from the bottom of the dephlegmator l i,

compressing the partially cooled, but still warm vapors and gas from which the fractions' of high boiling points have been separated to attach portions of the gas to the vapors, cooling 'andcondensing the products resulting from the compression under substantially the pressure of compression there-. by forming a liquid, removing the portions of gas not aflixed to vapor on compression odorizing the liquid product.

and condensation, and clarifying and de- 5. Processof producing from minera a liquid fuel suitable for use in automobile engines consisting in cracking .an oil at a .hlgh temperature 'under pressurev to produce gasesandvapors, expanding the gases and vapors to deposit solid matter carried by the gases, partially cooling the gases products resulting" rom the compressiom andvapors to remove the fractions boiling at'high points, from those boiling at low points mechanically compressing the hot. vaporsand gas from which the fractions. boiling at high points have been extracted, o attach portions of the. gas to. the ,va-

pors formed,-. coolin and condensing the under substantially the. pressure of compres si'ontherebyforming ,a li 'uid, removing the 'portionsof gas. not a xed to vapor durm .the compression and. condensation and c arifying and deodorizin'g' the liquid product. '7. Process of; producing from mineral oil .a liquid fuel suitable for 1 use in automobile I engines consisting in cracking an oil at a high-temperature underpressure- -to pro;

due gases and vapors, r

mediately subsequent to their production, passing the gases and vapors through 'a dephlegmator to remove the fractions boiling at high points from. those boiling at'- low points, "mechanically compressing the warmvapors and gas from which the frac- 'tions boiling-at highfpoints have been. ex-

tracted to attach portions. of the gas to the vapor formed. cooling and condensing the products resulting from the compression under substantiallv the pressure of compres-' sion thereby forming a liquid, remov ng the Y portions of gas not afiixed to'vanor on compression} and condensation, and clarifying anddeodorizing the liquid-product;

8..Process of producing from mineral .oil

a liquid fuel suitable for use automobile, "1 engines consisting. in cracking oil under a pressure of about lbs:. p'er squareinch,= g g V --'coolingtsa-id gases'and. vapors, and there;

a at a' temperature of from about 540'-. C. to-

j 'C.'-to prod'uce gases and vapors, releasing" the ofthe gases and'vapors oil.

I easing the pres- .sure of the gases and vapors produced'im immediately subsequent to their'production;

passing such gases and vapors through a material on which any free carbon carried by the gases will' deposit, partially condensing the ases and vapors to remove the fractions boiling at high points from those.

-boiling at low. points, mechanically com pressing the portions boiling at thelower temperature along with the gas to 'a' pres-.

sure of not less thanabout 125 lbs. per square inch the hot vapors and gasfrom which the fractions boiling at high points have beenextracted, to attach portions of the gas to the vapor-formed, cooling andcondensing the products resulting from the compression under substantially the pres:

sure of compression whereby to form a liq-' uid, removing the portions of gas not chemically affixed to vapor on compression and condensation, and clarifying and deodoriz to produce cracking, extracting the high boiling pointfractions from the cracked -products, compressing the remainder of the -productfivhilefin the vapor and gaseous -state suiiiciently to produce an endothermic reaction between such gas and vapor, and

clarifying'and deodorizi'ng the product by distillation with-mineral matter. =10.. Inthe cracking of oil andthe production of motor spirittherefrom, the step of subjecting the 'warm vapors and gases to a suflicient increaseof pressure to effect a I lowering oftemperature therein. 7

- 11. The step of producing, by substamtially adiabatic compression of. the; gases" and vapors produced --by cracking oils" an' endothermic chemical reactiontherein. f-

. 12. In the process of; producing motor fuel from hydrocarbon oils; the step -of cracking theoils,and thereafter subjecting.

at least aportion of the gases and vapors 'producedtherefrom, to a suflicient increase in. pressure,-

produce janbndothermic chemical-reaction: therein. ,1

13.11 processof producing from-mineral oil, a liquidifuel suitable for-use ininternal' combustion engines, consisting in; cracking the oil. imder pressureto' produce gases and vapors, expandingv saidgases and: vapors" and thereafter subjecting .saidand vapors'toan increase in pressure, suflicient to produce an endothermic reaction'ther'ein. I

- 14. A proce$ of producing from mineral oil, a liquid fueL suitable. for use in auto mobile engine s, which comprises cracking mineraloil'under pressure to produce light vapors and: heavy yaporsj', partially after subje'cting the uncondensed portion ther of 99- ins re i W? mi to produce anendothermic reaction in saw gases and vapors.

carbons, which comprises subjecting the gasesand vapors resultingfrom the-crackingand gasifying of hydrocarbon oils, to

so .great an increase of; pressure, without heating or cooling the semi-gases and vapors from the outside, to any substantial amount, v while the gases and vapors are in a,

heated. state, as to produce an endothec volatile hydroreaction therein, and subsequently condensing the products-so formed.

.17.. In the production of motor fuel, the step of subjecting gases and vapors producedby cracking oils, .to so great an in-' crease of. pressure while at a temperature materially below 325 (3., as to produce an endothermic reaction therein.

In testimony whereof I have'signed my name to this. specification in the presence of two subscribing witne 1 AUGUSTUS a.

R. i MS, D. Jarmsora

Images