US1171865A

US1171865A - Flying-machine.

Info

Publication number: US1171865A
Application number: US62296111A
Authority: US
Inventors: John J Millin
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1911-04-24
Filing date: 1911-04-24
Publication date: 1916-02-15
Anticipated expiration: 1933-02-15

Description

J. l. MILLIN.

FLYING MACHINE (APPLICATION F |LED APR-24,1911.

Patented Feb. 15, 1916.

7 SHEETS-SHEET! J. J. MILLIN.

FLYING MACHINE. APPUCATION FILED APR. 24, m1.

Patented Feb. 15, 1916.

'7 SHEETSSHEET 2.

J. J. MILLIN.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.24, I911.

' Patented Feb. 15,1916.

7 $HEETSSHEET 3.

@Xhhwaseo: v .512 9 16141 1 J. J. MILLIN.

FLYING MACHINE.

7 APPLICATION FILED APR. 24. 1911.

1,1715865. I Patented Beb.15,1916

7 SHEETS-SHIz-TT 4-- Q}. J. MILLIN. mm MACHINE. aryucjn'ou FILED APR. 24, 9'11.

Patelited Feb. 15,191

7 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

7 "from witnesses JOHN J. MILLIN, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

FLYING-MACHINE T all whom it may concern:

lie it known that JOHN J. MILLIN, a citizen" of the United States, and a resident of the borough of Brooklyn, in the county ofKings and State of New York, have in- -vented certain new and useful Improvements in Flying-Machines, of which the following 1s a specification. This invention relates to that class of flymg' machines which are supported by the reaction of the air underone or more aeroplanes. It difl ers from the type in general use at this time, in thefact that the present nachi'nes depend forv their support on the compression of the airunder' their aero planes, by placing the sald 'aer'oplanesmt a small angle of incidence with the horizontal plane, whereas in my. invention the angle of incidence of. the aeroplanes-1s immaterial and in fact the planes may have a reverse angle from that now used. The lifting ef iect inthis invention is obtained by rarefyfing the air immediately above its aeroplanes,

by the means hereinafter described.

Someof the objects of my invention are to, provide means for rarefymg the air above the planes asabove stated, (and to provide means both automatic and manually controlled, to increase or decrease the degree of 'arefaction above any-or all of the planes,

' arm 4.4 is ournalcd on one of the cross in order to maintain the lateral and longitudinal equilibrium of the machine, to bank the same when turning to'the right or left and for ascending and descending.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a partial top plan view of the invention with portions broken away, Fig.2 shows a partial. section of Fig. 1 on-the line 2--2, Fig.3 is a front view of the machine, Fig. 4 is'a rear 'view of the machine, Fig. 5 is an enlarged fi'agmcntary section of Fig. 1 on the line 5, Fig. (i is a section of Fig. 5 on the line (i-43, Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary portion of Fig. 1, Fig. 8 is a. section of Fig. 7 on the line 88. Fig. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary portion of Fig: 2,,Fig. 10 is a right hand side view of Fig. 9, Fig. 11 is a section of Fig. 1' onthe line 11l1. Fig. 12 is a left hand side view of Fig. 11. Fig. v13 is an enlarged partial section of Fig. 2 on the line 13, lt-LFigr. 14 is a section of Fig. 13 on the line. 14, 14, Fig. 15 is a section ot'Fig. 12:? on the line 15, 15, Fig. 16 is an enlarged plan view of the frontp firtion of'the machine. Fig. 17 shows a right hand side view of Fig. 16, Fig. 18 represents a partial en- Specificatton of 'Letters Patent.

latented Feb. 15, 121i).

. Application filed April 24,1911. Serial. 3'0. 622,961.

larged section of Fig. 1 on the

line

18, 18, Fig. 19 represents a fragmentary plan view of a' modified aeroplane withits appurtenances, and Fig. 20 shows a section of Fi 19 on the

line

20, 20.

The invention as exemplified in the drawlngs, comprises a frame with the upper longitudinal member 20, the lower

longitudinal members

21, 22, upright braces 23, connect- 1ng'the

members

20 and 21, 22, andeross. braces 24that connect the

members

21, 22.

Aninclined front brace frame 25 connects the front ends of the

members

20, 21, 22. ijknupper horizontal converging member 26, of the rudder frame of the machine extends from the rear end of the member 20,. and a lower horizontal convergingmember 2-7 of the rudder frame extends from the

members

21, 22. Vertical braces 28 of the rudder frame connect the

members

26 and 27. and arudder bracket 29 connects the ends of se

1d members

26, 27. A wheel frame 30 extends from the members 21, 22-, and has formed on itsends the forks 31, on which latter are journaled the wheels 39. A V- shaped wheel bracket is also connected to the

members

21, 22, and has formed on its lower end the fork 41, in which latter is journaled. the wheel 4:2. with the horizontal arms 13 and the vertical braces 24. A second front bell cranlc with the horizontal arms and the .vcrtical arm 46, is journaled on an adjacent cross brace 24. The arm 46 has av slot 17, in which is located a screw -18, the ends of which latter are journaled in said arm '16. and which car ries in threaded engagement therewith the block 49, with th pn 'otsM). and also carries at its upper end the grooved pulley 51. The

arms 4-min- 46 are pirotally connected at their lower ends by the front connecting rod 52. A rear bell crank with hmizontal arms (30 and the vertical arm (31 is jt'lill'llilltti on one of the cross braces 2-1. A second rear bell-crank with the horizontal arms 2 and the vertical arm (33 is jonrnaled on an adjacent cross brace 24. The vert'icat arms 61 and 62-1 are pivotally connected attireir lower ends by the rear connecting rod 64. i A. cen tral ('.O1l11(.(ftlfl{l rod-(35 has one end pivotally eoniwcteil to the arm (31, and the other end engages the pivots of the block 49.

A. shaft 70 is journaled in the ends of the lmrizontal arms 13 of the in. t bell-crank and the said shaft has formed rmvith A front hell crank the forked ends 71; 72, in which latter are tions of the suspcm ion rods 73 83. The respectively pivoted the suspension rods 73,

main ribs

127, 13 connected by a plu- 74. A. shaft 80 similar to 70 is journal'ed rality, of longitudinal ribs 145) sin'rilar to in the ends 6f the horizontal arms of the A covering 150 is secured to the top 5 second front bell-crank and the said shaft, and bottom faces of the longitudinal ribs has formed therewith the forked ends 81, 1 19 and form with the latter and with the 82 in which are respectively pivoted the susmain ribs 12L 130 the front right hand aere pension rods 83; 84'. A shaft 90 similar to plane designated generally by Amos- 1 70 is journaled in the ends of the horizontal cillating shaft 150 similar to 136 is jour- 10 arms 60, of the rear bell-crank, and the said naled in the front ends of the longitudinal shaft has forinedtherewith the forked ends ribs 149, and has fastened thereto the forked 91, 92 inwhich are respectively pivoted the arm 15? similar to 137 and in which is pivsuspension. rods '93, 94. A shaft 100 similar oted the trunnion block 158 similar to 138-. y to 90 is journaled in the ends of the hori- To the latter is pivoted the upper end of 15 zontal arms 620i the secon'drear bell-crank the adj misting rod 160 similar to 140. -To the y and the said shaft has formed therewith the oscillating shaft 156 are fastened a plurality forked ends 101, 102 in which are respecof preferably Curved arms 161 similar to 141, tively pivoted the

suspension rods

103, 104. which have fastened thereto a covering 163 e suspension rods 7 3 and 83 are connected similar to 143 that constitutes therewith a 3 21) at their lower portionsby the horizontal deflector designated generally by 165. Guy

braceIOS, andat their upper portions by wires 16 6 connect the

main ribs

127, 130 the horizontal brace 109. Diagonal guys with the lowerportions of thesuspension 110, 111 connect the'suspension rods 73 83.

rods

74, 84.

Thesuspension rods

93, 94 are '1 he "suspension rods 7 1, 81 are connected connected at their 11 per ends by a link 170 a by the braces 112, similar to "108 and n, Y and beyond said linli the said rods are conbraceinot shown similar "to 109. Diagonal tinned in normally horizontal planes to guys 113, 114 connect the

rods

74 and 84-. form

main ribs

172, 173 of the rear zeroi The. suspension rods :93 and 103 are eon planes of the machine. The rods 103 and a nectedat their lowerportions by the hori- I l-3i are connect-ed at their uppenends by a 30 /lontallbrace 115- and'at their upper portions link 175 similar to 170, and beyond the "lat- 95 a by the horizontal brace ,119. Diagonal ter link, the said rods are continued in norguys 121 connect the suspension rods molly horizontal planes to form the main "1 3,103. The suspensioirrodsfii 10d are

ribs

179, 180 10f the said rear aeroplanes. :izonnectmlhythe/brace 122 similar to 118, A plurality of longitudinal ribs 182 are land a brace not showh similar to 1119. supported 0 he m n b 7 i A iDiagonalguys 123 124 connect the rhds 9 covering 183 iSsecured to the top and hot- I104; The suspens on

rods

73, 74 are contorn faces of the longitudinal ribs 182 and netted at their upper ends by a link 125 form with the latter and main ribs 172, 179' and beyond said link thesaid rods are oon th a t h aeroplane gn t d g ntinued in DOllliilllY horizontal planes to conorally y 18 1 enthe main rihs 12$"and' 122 of. the An omillating shaft 186 is journaled in i from;aeroplanes of the machine The rods the-"front finds the longitudinal ribs 182 y 2 connected at their upper ends by a and has fastened thereto the forked arm 187 link similar; to and beyond the latter in which is pivoted the trunnion block 188.

4'5 link the said rods are continued in normally To the latter is pivoted i D1 end of horizontal planesto constitute the main ribs the adjusting i [90. Tothe oscillating I 121 32-001 the said front aeroplanes. A shaft 186 are fastened plurality of prefi i Hi of longitudinalribs 132a1'c sup eralily curved arms v191, which have fasported on the main ribs 126 and 1:29. A covtened thereto a covering 193 that constitutes odering 133 is seem-ed to'theltop'and bottom therewith a deflector designated generally faces-of the longitiulinal rihs132, and forms by 1%. Guy wires 1% connect the main 1 withthclatter and the

main ribs

126 and 129 ribs 172,179 with the lower portions of the "the front left hand aeroplane designated

suspension rods

93, 103. The main ribs 173 ugenci-aily by 135, A oscillating shaft,136 130 are also connected bv a plurality of lfijtflllflzllfi'il in the front ends of the longllrmgitudinal ribs 202 siniilar to 182. i A 129 ill'lllifil ribs 132 and has fastened tl'icreto rm'erii'ig 203 is secured to thtop and hoti (the fnrk l am: 1517, in whi h pivoted the torn far-es of the longitudinal rilos 202 and ll nnion olocl: 138. To the latter is pivoted town with the latter and with the main ribs the upperendofjtl'ioadjusting rod 140. T o 1755. '1 80. the rear ri ht hand aeroplane the oscillatingshaft 11-3 are fastened a pludesignated generally M 205. l I rality of preferably curved arms 1-1-1 which in oscillating shaft QOG similar to 186 is have fastened thereto a covering 143 that. iournaled in the front ends of the longiconstitntestherewith a deflector designate-l tudinal ribs 202 and has fastened thereto 1 senor-ally by 145, Guy wires 146 connect the forked arm 207 similzir to 187, in-which V 6: {l'lQIIifllIl llll'fil2s, with the lower poris pivoted the trunnion block 208 similar 130 fljio .to the f end ofthe adjustingrod 210similar to 190.

To the similar f a-,covering213 similar-W193, that constitat'es t erewith erally by 215.

oscillatingshaft 206 are fastened a plurality .of preferably curved arms 211 to .191, which have fastened thereto a deflector designated gen- Guy Wires 216 connect the

main ribs

173, 180, with: the lower of the

suspension rods

94, 104. Adjacent rout ends ofthe lower longitudinal members21, 22 are respectivelyfastened the journal brackets spectively supported the

oscillating shafts

222, 223. At the outer ends of the

shafts

222, 223 are f arms 224 and .225.

is pivoted in the arm 1 connected thereto the justing rod 140. v A trunnion block 229si1nilar to228 is pivoted in the arm 225 andhas ypivotally.connected thereto the lower end of' 220,. 221 in"which are rerespectively fastened the forked trunnion block 228 224 and has pivotally ylower endof the adthe ad usting rod'160. At the inner ends [of the oscillating spectively fastened jacent to -therear members. 21,

shafts 222,223, are rethe'levers 230, 231. Adends of the longitudinal the journal brackets235, 236 in which are a respectively supported the

oscillating shafts

237, 238. At the outer ends of' the said shafts are fastened the forkedarms 239, 240.

i A trunnion block 241 is pivoted in the arm .35. in the arm 240 and fthereto the lower end of the adjusting rod 210., At the'innerends of the

oscillating shafts

237, 238 ,and.246. Tires the upper ends ofthe levers 230,

245and

231, 246; Wires 252. 253 respectively coni nect the lower ends

hers

21,22 and] carry the connecting brace 262. An oscillating steering column 264 =with the tl'iesteering column between the arms of A .239 and has pivotallyronnected thereto the adjusting rod 190. A similar to 241 is pivoted has pivotally connected lower end of the trunnion block 242 are fastened the levers 245 250, 251 connect respcctivelv of said levers. Brackets are respectively fastened to the front ends of thelower longitudinal memsupported on the'bra -ie 262and rarrics the steering wheel.

A grooved 'mlley 266 is fastened to tlre forked bracket 263*and at the lower end i i 7 j of said steering column =arn i 267 w th thecrank 5 extends from the bracket 263 and supports a is fastened crank pin 268. Apin 270 ;doublebell-crank having the arms. 271,272

and forked arm 273.

. respectively coniiect the f the lower ends of lovers 230,231.

Links 274 and. 275 arms 271, 272' with f-lnthe r-udder bracket 29 isisupported the rudder shaft 1,280 whichTcarries the rudder 28L A collar 282 w the upper end of the shaft 280,which latter at its lower end Brackets 284 cxtcndingfrom the member 27 is fastened adjacent to carries the pulley 283'.

portions" 22 are respectively fastened .tudinal ribs 327. to the top and bottom faces of the longitudicurved arms 332.

forked bracket 263 is;

have journaled thereon the guide pulleys 285 and 286. steering rope 287 connects the

pulleys

266 and 283 being guided over the

guidepulleys

285, 286. r

To the lower longitudinal member 21 and the second cross brace 24 from the front end of the machineis fastened a bracket 300, which supports a journal pin 301.

ley 303 and at its lower end the pulley 304. The pulley 303 is connected to the pulley 51 by means of the belt 305. At the front of the lower longitudinal member- 21 is fastened a journal bracket 310 thathas jOllI"? naled therein anadjnsting shaft 311. The said shaft has fastenedthereto at its upper end the adjusting hand wheel 312, and at its lower end has secured thereto or formed therewiththe pulley 313. A belt 314 connects the pulley 313 with the pulley 304.

A propelling engine 318 is connected up with the longitudinal mcmbers20, 21 and 22, and has secured to its shaft the propeller 320. A seat 321 is located at the front end of the machine.

-In the modified aeroplane shown in Figs. 19 and 20, 325, 326 are the main ribs onwhich are supported a plurality of l0ngi- A covering 328 is secured nal ribs 327 and forms with the latter and with the

main ribs

325, 326 the aeroplane designated shaft is journaled in the front ends of the longitudinal ribs 327. Fastened to the oscillating shaft 331 in different angular positions are a plurality of preferably The oscillating shaft 331 has also fastened thereto the crank arm 333, andv the adjusting rod 334 is connected to the crank arm I'n'the outer ends of the curved arms 332 is journaled a second oscillating shaft 335. Fastened to the second oscillating shaft in various angular po-.. 1! sitions are a plurality ofsecond curved arms 336. A crank arm 337 isfastened to the OS- cillating shaft 335 and a second crank arm 338 is fastened to the oscillating shaft 331.

A link 339 connects the ends of the crank arms 337,338. A covering 340 is connected to the curved arms 332 and a covering not shownsimilar to 340 is connected to the curved arms 336. The curved arms 332,

336 with their coveringsand other appurtenances constitute an adjustable balanced de- On the latter-1s journaled the sleeve 302 that has formed therewith at its upper end the pulgenerally by 330. n An oscillating flcctor in which the upward and downwardv I thrusts a gainst the respective surfaces deflector, balance one'another.

the operator seats of the.

To use th'e'invention, himself in the machine, the engine is started and the machine is moved forward by the thrust of :the propeller. When the machine has attained the requisite velocity for flying,

the-operator pulls thesteering wheel 265 to- I ward himself, thereby swinging the steer ing column 264, the oscillating bracket 263 and the double bell-crank which is supported on the latter, around the connecting brace 262. Through the agency of the links 274,

275, which are connected to the arms 271,

I' 272,. of the double bell-crank, the lower ends of the

levers

230, 231 are swung forward and they in turn pull forward the lower ends of .the

levers

245, 246, through the agency of the

wires

252, 253, By these means the

oscillating shafts

222, 223 and 237, 238 are partially rotated thereby swinging upwardly their respective forked

arms

224, 225' and 239, 240.

The'adj'ustingrods

140, 160, 190, 210 being connected .at their lower ends to the aforesaidyforked arms,

' are moved upwardly and the said rods being connected attheir upper ends to the forked

arms

137, 157, 187 and 207 respectively cause a'partial rotation of the

oscillating shafts

136, 156, 186 and 206, thereby raising the deflectors 145, 165,195 and 215. The air coming in contact with the said deflectors is deflected upwardly and after leaving the deflectors does not return to its normal density immediately above the aeroplanes of the-machine, The air in passing over the deflectors may be likened to a body of water flowing over a dam. In the latter case, the

' water after passing over the edge of the claim descends in a parabolic curve. The space bounded by the parabolic path of the water, the face of the dam andthe distance from the foot of the dam to the point at which the water strikes the earth, contains only air and acertain amount of spray.

' The deflectors in this invention are equivalent' tothe dam in the above illustration and the airin passing over said deflectors descends in parabolic curves and the spaces.

operatorand 'the deflectors raised the req j, uislte height, the machine will rise fromthe ground. To. lower the machine the steering wheel is pushed :forward and by means of.

the immediate connections heretofore describedjthe deflectors are lowered, the vacuum above theaeroplanes is decreased and the machine as a consequence descends.

, The various deflector arms on each of, the

oscillating

shafts

136, 156, 186 and 206'being located in different. angular positionsrelative to the upperfa'ces of their respective the machine. I

are forced to move in unison by reason of aeroplanes, the perpendicular distances of theupper edges of each deflector. irom the upper face of its accompanying aeroplane varies and decreases uniformly from the. inner longitudinal edge of each aeroplane minimum at the said inner edge of each aeroplane. v

The

frontaeroplanes

135, 155 of the ma.- chine having extending downwardly therefrom their respective suspension rods 73,

.83 and 74, 84, and the saidsuspension rods being connected to the forked ends of the shafts 70, which are journaled in the horizontal arms43, of the front bellcranks, it is evident that when said bellcranks are swung. about their axes, the front aeroplanes will move up anddown'in unison and their longitudinal axes will always remain parallel with the 'longitudinal'axis of The two front bell-cranks the connecting rod The same results. are obtained with the rear aeroplanes by reason of their connections to the rear bellcranks and the fact that the rear bell-cranks are forced to more in unison by the connecting rod 64. The vertical arms as and 61 of the front and rear bell-cranks, as already described, are connected by',the central. connecting rod 65, the'location of the forward end of which rod can. be :variedby means of the screw 4.8.

The pressure'which it is necessary'to obtain against theunder surface of each aero plane to sustain the machine in a horizontal position in'the air, having been determined,

the forward end of the connecting rod 65 is set by means of the screw l8 at such a p'osition on the arm -l-G, that the upward pressures against the front aeroplanes, acting through the bell-crank and connecting rod- 65 will just balance the upward pressures against the rear aeroplanes. It is evident, therefore, that "when. the front and rear. aeroplanes are subjected to their pre-deter mined pressures there will be no up or down movement of the aeroplanes. Should the pressures, on the front" aeroplanes at; any H time/exceed thepredetermined amount there would immediately be an unbalanced pull exerted on the connecting rod 65, by the front aeroplanes- This would cause the frontaeroplanes to rise and pull the connecting rod 65 forward, thus lowering the rear aeroplanes. .The adjusting; rods and being stationary they would cause the deflectors I on the front aeroplanes to lower with respect to their accompanying aeroplanes a the aeroplanes rise, thus re being v fies-tors onthe' rear aeroplanes to rise with muses ducing the pressures under {respect to their accompanying aeroplanes as {the rearaeroplanes arelo-wered. This ra1s- .ing of. the front aeroplanes and lowering y -of the rear aeroplanes would continue until i j. the excess pressures had been properly proportioned between the front and rear aeroplanes.- ,The machine would then start to, "rise in a. horizontal position. to a higher elevation. Should the operator not desire this he simpl pushes the steering wheel I115 forward thus lowering all of the deflectors 'Il and bringing the totalpressureunder the jgvaeroplanes back to the normal amount. saaaa thepressure on therear aeroplanes "become excessive itisevident that there- -20. lverfse actions from the above will take place. i 1 1e -automatic longitudinal, equilibrium of machineisthus assured.

aclilof the aeroplanes being pivotally piconiieiited. at the lower ends of their respec- 25 'tive suspension rods,to elements connected With theframe of the ,tha-t'unless thef pressures .on the opposite aeroplanesfof.either the front or rear pair are'e'qual or' the pressures multiplied by horizontal distance from the centers of cation toilthe pivotal points of their opposed heir pivotal points towardv the side of the machine Where 3=1the least pressure exists- It-follows there- "ffore that should the pressure on the left 1 hand front aeroplane become excessive, both wflfrontj aeroplanes ,will swing toward. the I righthand side of the machine. W 40 occurs', the adjusting rod 140 pulls the deflector of the left hand, aeroplane down.- wardly through the agency of the elements before described, thus decreasing the presmachine, it is evident sure onthe left hand aeroplane and the adadjusting rod 160 pushes the deflector of the right hand aeroplane upwardly, thus increasing "the pressure on, the right hand aeroplane. When the deflector of thefront left hand aeroplane moves downwardly, the E0 proportion of decrease in. pressure is greatest at the outer edge'o'i. the aeroplane anduniformly decreases reaching its miniinlun at the'inncredge of the aeroplane, *therefore; at thesamc time that the pres-' sureaunder the left aeroplane being decreased the centerfol pressure is being moved tel of the machine. [Dill-the; other hand, as

cling increased its center of ifeingnmvcd away from. the 'iachine. vlhis action continue -unti-l-tl )lisite:acroplanew a pphcation is of the aeroplanes a re incomeoh that v thepressure on the 'righthandaeroplane is application of the- .in toward the cencenter, of the 'necting rod than is exerted v I, move downward and increase ie'pressui' cs under the points of the opposite aeroplanes have become equal. The aeroplanes will then remain in this position until the cause, of the excess pressure has been removed, at which time they will again return to their normal positions.

Should the pressure under the right hand front aeroplane become excessive the reverse action takes place. with respect to the lateral equilibrium of the rear pair of aeroplanes are obtained by their similar elements. By this means the automatic lateral equilibrium of the machine results.

It will .be readily seen that both the alitomatic, lateral ments may be made [at the same time. turn the machine to the operator turns the steering the desired direction, and'by nieansof the The same results and longitudinal adjust pulley 266, the steering rope 287, and the pulley 283, the rudder is properly located.

This

This bank same tinie that causes the aero-' planes'to swing toward theinner side of the curve thus banking the machine. lowered While maintaining a horizontal position by simply moving the steering wheel 2G5 backward or forward. The machine may, however, ascend or descend at an angle with the horizontal plane. When so doing it is evident that the horizontal distances of the center of gravity of the machine from the. front and rear aeroplanes isaltered, thus changing the pressures on said front and rear aeroplanes]. To accomplish this the operator turns the adjusting ha'nd wheel 312 and through the agency of the pulley 313, the belt 314, the pulley 303, the belt 305 and the pulley 51,.th-screw 48 is the endof the connecting rod 65 to a new. position on the arm 46.

a fore described, the machine can be raised or Should the operator wish to descend at an angle, he moves the end of the connecting rod in toward the axis of the ar1n46. This action causes the planes to exert a greater pull on the con- I by the pres sure on the rear aeroplanes. The front aeroplanes will then move upward and decrease their pressures and the rear aeroplanes will their pres sures. This action continucsuntil the pressures on the front and rear aeroplanes exert an equal pull on the connecting rod 65": The

rear aeroplanes are now sustaininga greater part of the .velght of the machine than.

. when in the horizontal position. -Therefore the front end of the machine has been lowcred the desired amount and the machine at the desired angle The automatic longitudinal ad ustn'lent of the front and rear aeroplanes will main-1 tain the machine at any desired angle-in thesame way as it acts for horizontal trarel.

The rear edges of the aeroplanes are shown as having a slight upward curve. This is done to cause the air on the under side of the aeroplanes to give them a for- Ward thrust as it'leaves their rear edges, J

an aeroplane and a deflector adjustably conand thus compensate to some extent for the headresistance 0f the deflectors. i

Having described my invention, what. I

claim and desire to secure by'LettersPat- 1. In a flying machine the combination of an aeroplane and automatic adjustable means to produce a partial vacuum adjacent to the upper surface of the aeroplane. 2. In a flying machine the combination of an aeroplane, means to alter the angular position of the aeroplane with respectvto the transverse axis of the machine and adjustable means to produce partial vacuums adjacent to the upper surface of the-aeroplane. 8. In a flying machine the combination of a pair of laterally opposed aeroplanes,

means to alter the angular positions of the aeroplanes with. respect to the transverse j axis of the machine and adjustable means 'to produce partial vacuums ad acent to the upper surfaces of the aeroplanes, and to do crease the amount of vacuum onthe ascending plane and increase the amount of vacul the aeroplane.

5. In a flying machine the combination of an aeroplane, automatic means to locate the aeroplane in different positions parallel to each other and adjustable means to produce partial vacuumsa'djacent to the upper sura vacuum and move the center of unbalanced pressure against ghe under side of the aeroaeroplane gradually plane to new positions rel'ative to thelateral' margins of the aeroplanewithout altering 1 the angular relation of the aeroplaneor any portion thereof with the lineof machine 7. In a flying machine the combination of a plurality of aeroplanes and adjustable flight of the means connected to said aeroplanes; to pronected to. the aeroplane, the angle of in'clination of said deflector with the upper surface of the aeroplane gradually decreasing from a'maximum at the inner toa minimum at I the outer lateral margin thereof. v

In a flying machine the combination of a plurality ofaeroplanes and a deflector adjustably connected to each aeroplane in proximity to its front edge and extending above the upper surface thereof, theangle of inclination of said deflector with respect to the upper surface of the aeroplane gradually decreasing from a maximum at the innerto a minimum at the outer lateral margin thereof.

1.0. In a flying machine the combination ofqau aeroplane, a deflector adjustahly connected thereto, the angle of inclination of said deflector with the upper surface of thedecreasing from a maximum at the. inner to a minimumat theouterlateral margin thereof and means to alter the angles of inclination of the deflector with respect to the upper surface of the aeroplane.

11. Ina flying machine the combination of a plurality of aeroplanes, a'defiector. adjustably connected to each aeroplane n proximity to the front edge thereof and projecting above the upper surface of the same,

the angle of inclination of each deflector wlth respect to the upper surface of its ac companying aeroplane, gradually decreas mum at the outer lateral margin thereof,

- and means to alter the angles of inclination of each deflector with respect to the upper surface of its aeroplane.

12. Ina flying machine the comlnnatlonof an aeroplane, an oscillating shaft suptions decreasing froma maximum at the 'ing from a maximumat the inner a mini- I of a plurality of I aeroplanes, i

surface of their the angularity of said other, theaxes.of i being parallel to the longitudinal axis of the said scrank arm.

.atfthe outer lateral margin of each aerio} plane, a covering-over-ieachset of deflector inner to a minimum atjthe outer lateral marginof the acroplane, a coveringfor the deflector arms forming therewith-Ia deflec a crank arm connected to the oscillating sheftfand' an adjust ingsrod connected to- 13; Ina flying inachine the combination an oscillating shaft. supported in each' aeroplane, deflector arms extending from each shaftin different angularpositions ;With respect to theupper aceompanyingaeroplanes,

positions decreasing from a maximum at the 1111181130 a minimum armsformingtherewith a deflector, a crank armconnected to each oscillating shaft and n; adjusting roolconne cted to each arm. jrlfa. In a flying machine, apair of "laterally opposed aeroplanespivotally connected tojfthe frame of the machine and to each said pivotal connections maohlne, and to each other; adeflector adjnstahly "connected to each aeroplane, means to 'i simultane'ously lncrease or decrease the angleofinclination of both deflectors or to opposed "aeroplanes located in front of the center bf oscillate in unison about axes parallel to the opposed pairs of i i aneouslyin opposite-directions up ordown without altering their aeroplanes and to increase one anddecreaseltheother relatively to :their accompanying oplanes.

l5.fj Ii1:a flying machine a pai'rjof laterally gravityzof thezmachine, a pair of laterallyopposed. aeroplanes" located to the rear of the said center 'ofrjgravit'y, means to permit the laterally opposedaero'planes to l ngitudinal axis of the machine and to each other, means to permit the longitudinally aeroplanes to movesimuls with! respect to the frame of the'mac'hine, angular relation with machine, other means to cause the upward movement of one pair of aeroplanes to move the other pair. downwardiwitli respect to the frame of the machine, afdeflector opposed pairs of aeroplanes are moving. in;

aeroplanesand a bothipairs of aeroplanes located above the; set of laterally opposed-suspension rods, a

oppositedirections. q 16.? Ina flyingmachineajpa r of fron pair of rear aeroplane'rsj i of the machine,

axes of the bell cranks,

axes of the bell center of gravity of the machine and capable of up and down movements with respect to the frame of the machine, an adjustable connection betwten the front and rear pairs of aeroplanesthrough which the upward pressure against each, pair of aeroplanes is transmitted and reacts on and balances the pressure against theopposite pair, manually,

controlled means to adjust the connection between the front and rear pairs of aeroplanes and alter the ratio of the balancing pressures of said aeroplanes and cause the L machine 'to incline longitudinally and change the ratio of the horizontal distances from the ;center of gravity to the ,front and rear aeroplanes.

17. In a flying machine the combination of a frame, bell cranks journaled in' the frame-on axes parallel to the transverse axis mally horizontal arms of the bell-cranks, the axes of said shafts being parallel to the suspension rods pivoted'to the ends of said shafts on axes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the machine, an aeroplane connected up with said suspension rods and a connecting rod connecting shafts journaled in the nor the normally vertical arms -of the bell a cranks.

18. In a flying machine the combination of a frame, bell cranks journaled in the frame on axes parallel to the transverse axis of the machine, shafts journaled in the normally horizontal arms of the bell cranks, the axes of said shafts being parallel to the cranks, a connecting rod connecting the normallfy Vertical arms of the bell cranks, suspension rods pivotally connected to the-.ends of the shafts on axes parallel to thelongitudinal axis of the machine, links connecting the laterally opposed suspension rods at the uppergportions thereof and an aeroplane connectedjup with each set of laterally opposed suspension rods.

19. In a flying 1nachine,.-,',tlle combination of a frame, bell cranks journaled in the frame in front of the centerfof. gravity of t e machine and on faxeswparallel to'the transverse axes of themachine, bell cranks journaled in the frame inthe rear of the center "of gravity'of ltheuma'chine'on axes parallel to the transverse xis of the machine, shafts jouignaled inthe normally horizontal arms of the front belllcranks on axes parallel to the axes of the bell cranks, similar shafts journalod in the same manner in' the rear bell cranks, suspension rodsj'pivoted to the ends cranks on axes parallel to axis-of the machine, similar pivoted in the the. shafts in necting rods, an 'aero 'ilane connected the longitudinal suspension rods same manner to theyends of the rear bell cranks,l inks conup 1 with, each the. laterally opposed 9 ;suspension v of the shafts inthe front "bell 1 connecting rod'connect'ing the normally Vertical arms of the front bell cranks, a similar connecting rod connecting the normally vertical arms of the rear hell cranks, and an adjustable connecting rod connecting the front bell cranks with the rear hell cranks.

20. In a flying machine the combination "of a, plurality of laterally opposed pairs of aeroplanes, a ,ilefiector connected to each aeroplane, means to alter the angle of in-. clination of'each deflector with respect to the upper surface of its accompanying aeroplane, means to permit the laterally opposed aeroplanes to oscillatein unison around axes being turned to the right or left, to cause chine and oppose the action-of centrifugal force. l v l 21. In a flying machine, the combination of an aeroplane, an oscillating shaft journaled 1n the aeroplane, a plurality of preferahly curved arms connected to the said oscillating shaft, a crank arm supported on the oscillating shaft, on; adjusting rod, connected to said crank arm, a second crank arm connected to the oscillating shaft, 11 second oscillating shaft journaled in the front Kinds of the curved arms, a plurality of second curved arms fastened to the second oscillating shaftga crank arm connected to the second oscillating shaft, a link connect ing said crank; arm with the second crank arm on the first oscillating shaft and a covering connected to the curved arms to form the aeroplanes on the outer side of the" curved path of the machine to rise and the inner aeroplanes to lower, to bank the matherewith a deflector.

Signed at the borough of Manhattan in the countv York, 1911. P

JOHN -J. MILLIN.

Witnesses MARTI ZIMANsKY, WV. H. Bownx.

of New York and State of New,