US11698918B2 - System and method for content-based data visualization using a universal knowledge graph - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to semantic graphs, and more specifically to generating data visualization using semantic graphs.
- Business Intelligence is a field of endeavor which, among other things, attempts to give raw data (e.g. collected measurements) meaning and context which a human user can use to gain insights.
- a data model may need to be generated. This data model may be created based on assumptions from a human being, who may or may not be a user of the system. Assumptions made by human beings are subject to human error and subjective biases, and can therefore result in inaccurate visual representations of data.
- Certain embodiments disclosed herein include a method for method for generating data visualizations.
- the method comprises: generating an enriched data layer based on a plurality of knowledge graphs, the plurality of knowledge graphs including a plurality of first nodes, the enriched data layer including a plurality of second nodes, wherein each of the plurality of second nodes is connected via an edge to at least one of the plurality of first nodes; and generating a data visualization based on the enriched data layer and a request for data, wherein the request for data indicates a type of data corresponding to at least one of the plurality of second nodes, wherein the data visualization is generated using data represented by at least one of the plurality of first nodes connected to the at least one of the plurality of second nodes.
- Certain embodiments disclosed herein also include a non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon causing a processing circuitry to execute a process, the process comprising: generating an enriched data layer based on a plurality of knowledge graphs, the plurality of knowledge graphs including a plurality of first nodes, the enriched data layer including a plurality of second nodes, wherein each of the plurality of second nodes is connected via an edge to at least one of the plurality of first nodes; and generating a data visualization based on the enriched data layer and a request for data, wherein the request for data indicates a type of data corresponding to at least one of the plurality of second nodes, wherein the data visualization is generated using data represented by at least one of the plurality of first nodes connected to the at least one of the plurality of second nodes.
- Certain embodiments disclosed herein also include a system for generating data visualizations.
- the system comprises: a processing circuitry; and a memory, the memory containing instructions that, when executed by the processing circuitry, configure the system to: generate an enriched data layer based on a plurality of knowledge graphs, the plurality of knowledge graphs including a plurality of first nodes, the enriched data layer including a plurality of second nodes, wherein each of the plurality of second nodes is connected via an edge to at least one of the plurality of first nodes; and generate a data visualization based on the enriched data layer and a request for data, wherein the request for data indicates a type of data corresponding to at least one of the plurality of second nodes, wherein the data visualization is generated using data represented by at least one of the plurality of first nodes connected to the at least one of the plurality of second nodes.
- FIG. 1 is a relations diagram utilized to describe various disclosed embodiments.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an enriched layer of a universal knowledge graph system applied to multiple local knowledge graph system utilized to describe various disclosed embodiments.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for generating a graphical user interface including a dashboard populated using an enriched data layer according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method for generating a dynamic data cube according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a universal knowledge graph system according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method for generating a semantic knowledge graph from an event log of a business intelligence (BI) system according to an embodiment.
- the various disclosed embodiments include a method and system for content-based data visualization using a universal knowledge graph.
- a universal knowledge graph is created based on multiple semantic knowledge graphs. Each graph includes nodes, and the universal knowledge graph includes the nodes from each of the semantic knowledge graphs. Each node may be connected to one or more other nodes in the same graph via one or more edges. Creating the universal knowledge graph includes identifying associations between semantic knowledge graphs and determining associated nodes between the associated semantic knowledge graphs.
- the universal knowledge graph is utilized to generate a data visualization, which can be displayed to a user (e.g., via a graphical user interface).
- the data visualization may include one or more recommendations of connections between users indicated in one semantic knowledge graph and users indicated in another semantic knowledge graph.
- one or more of the semantic knowledge graphs are generated based on events recorded in an event log.
- Each event may be an access of data from a data source such as, but not limited to, executing a query, updating a report widget, and the like.
- Each event record is parsed to identify objects and relationships between the objects.
- the semantic graph is generated with nodes corresponding to the identified objects and edges corresponding to the identified relationships. Each edge may be further assigned a weight based on a number of appearances of the related objects together in the parsed records. A given pair of nodes may further have multiple edges between them.
- a dashboard is a graphical user interface which includes one or more widgets, indicators, and the like.
- the widgets are individual interfaces which correspond to one or more queries executed on a data source.
- a widget may be a graphical representation such as a pie chart, graph, line chart, and the like. Initially, a dashboard may lack any widgets associated thereto.
- one of the challenges in the field of business intelligence reports is that the abundance of data in data sources and the sheer size of data models creates a difficulty for users when searching for data. More specifically, it is impractical for users to manually determine where to begin searching in large databases in order to maximize their search effectiveness.
- the disclosed embodiments provide users with initial dashboards prepopulated with one or more widgets that reduce the amount of input needed from a user in order to begin searching.
- a dashboard may include, but is not limited to, instructions for rendering one or more widgets (each based on one or more queries) and an order in which the widgets should be rendered.
- content-based visualizations as described herein are not limited to dashboards and may be implemented in other solutions such as, but not limited to, digest push notifications, visualizations integrated in third party software applications, and the like.
- FIG. 1 is a relations diagram 100 utilized to describe various disclosed embodiments.
- a universal knowledge graph (UKG) system 110 communicates with one or more local knowledge graph systems.
- such local knowledge graph systems include knowledge graph systems 122 and 124 .
- Each local knowledge graph system stores a knowledge graph created based on interactions of different groups of users with corresponding user devices, different data sources, and the like.
- the knowledge graph system 122 includes a knowledge graph which is generated based on interactions of user devices 132 and 134 with data sources 140 , 141 , and 142 .
- An interaction is a communication with a data source that causes data to be accessed, manipulated, or both.
- Non-limiting example interactions may include, but are not limited to, generating a query directed at one or more data sources, initiating a build of a data cube based on data in data sources, and the like.
- An interaction of a user device with a data source may be caused by a user requesting one or more actions with respect to the data source, for example via a user interface of an analytic application.
- a user of the user device 132 may interact with the data source 140 by generating a query directed to a set of data stored in the data source 140 .
- Each of the knowledge graphs 132 , 134 , and 136 include nodes and may further include edges connecting the nodes.
- the nodes represent objects related to events and the edges represent relationships between those objects.
- the knowledge graphs 132 , 134 , and 136 may be semantic knowledge graphs created based on query objects described in an event log and relationships among those query objects indicated in events of the event log. An example for creating a semantic knowledge graph is discussed in more detail below with respect to FIG. 6 and in the above-referenced U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/876,943, assigned to the common assignee, the contents of which are incorporated in their entirety herein.
- the generation of a knowledge graph may be affected by the data sources available and the interaction of users with the data sources via user devices.
- a universal knowledge graph system 110 generates a universal knowledge graph based on knowledge graphs received from one or more sources.
- the universal graph may be generated based on multiple distinct sources such that a first source corresponds to a first customer account and a second source corresponds to a second, distinct, customer account.
- Each customer account may include one or more user accounts which share a common model, or which share a common model and common data source(s).
- Each knowledge graph has a distinct structure.
- the structure of a knowledge graph may be affected by queries initiated by users or predetermined by the dashboard use, and by data and metadata at the data source.
- the queries may be initiated via a natural language query (NLQ) interface, such as described in more detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/731,668, assigned to the common assignee, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- NLQ natural language query
- a connection between knowledge graphs is achieved by merging a plurality of knowledge graphs into a single graph.
- the connection is achieved by generating an enriched data layer which connects one or more nodes in a first knowledge graph to one or more nodes in a second knowledge graph.
- the enriched data layer is a unified semantic representation of the queries which are used to generate the respective knowledge graphs of each customer account (i.e., the local knowledge graphs).
- the nodes and edges of a first local graph and of a second local graph may be merged together, forming a universal graph.
- the first local graph and the second local graph may each be associated with one or more enriched data layers such that the first local graph, the second local graph, and the one or more enriched data layers collectively form the universal knowledge graph.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration 200 showing an enriched layer 210 of a universal knowledge graph applied to multiple local knowledge graph systems according to an embodiment.
- An enriched data layer 210 includes a plurality of objects which are used to classify data.
- a first object 212 and second object 214 are topic nodes.
- Each topic node is a node used to classify other nodes by topic. That is, a node connected to a topic node is considered to be related to a topic represented by the topic node.
- the topic nodes therefore provide a component of the enriched data layer which connect.
- a topic may be a word or combination of words, numbers, and the like.
- Example topics may include, but are not limited to, ‘sales’, ‘human resources’, ‘marketing’, and the like.
- the topic nodes may be the result of words embedded into a matrix of topic vectors.
- a widget represented by a widget node 220 may be accessed to determine all words, strings, numbers, and the like, associated with the widget.
- the widget node 220 is connected by an edge with a query node 222 .
- the query node 222 represents a query which is executed on a data source 230 storing a first type of data and on a data source 232 storing a second type of data.
- the result of the query is presented on a dashboard via the widget node 220 .
- the query, metadata associated with the query node 222 representing the query, metadata associated with the widget 220 , and metadata associated with the data source 230 and data source 232 are analyzed to determine a match between the query with one or more topics.
- a match may result in generating an edge between any of the aforementioned nodes and the relevant topic node.
- the matching may be performed by word embedding.
- word embedding may include, but is not limited to, mathematical embedding from a first multiple-dimension per word space into a continuous vector space having a lower dimension than the first multiple dimension space.
- the result of the embedding may be used to determine a vector distance between a node and a topic node.
- An edge connecting a node to a topic node is generated if the distance vector between the node and the topic node is less than a predetermined threshold value.
- widgets 220 and 224 are associated with a first dashboard and a first knowledge graph 240
- widget 226 is associated with a second dashboard and a second knowledge graph 242 .
- the enriched layer 210 includes a first topic node 212 and a second topic node 214 .
- the widget 224 associated with the first dashboard and knowledge graph 240 and the widget 226 associated with the second dashboard and knowledge graph 242 are each connected via a respective edge to the topic node 214 .
- the universal knowledge graph 110 would determine that the widgets 224 and 226 are similar based on a determination that the data source 234 (which is connected to the widget 224 ) is of a certain type and the data source 236 (which is connected to the widget 226 ) is likewise of the same type.
- data sources are not necessarily formatted in the same way such that queries to different data sources may appear to be different even though the actual content of the data being queried or the content being queried for is very similar. In particular, this may affect attempts to connect nodes representing queries to different data sources.
- the disclosed embodiments therefore utilize the types of data stored by the respective data sources in order to determine which nodes of a universal knowledge graph are to be connected to nodes of different local knowledge graphs.
- attributes may include, but are not limited to, queries that are associated with the widgets, various metadata (e.g., metadata of nodes of knowledge graphs) as mentioned above, tables stored on the data sources, and the like. Similarity can be based on data structure.
- the disclosed embodiments allow for providing insights about how data may be used by other users.
- a widget related to Human Resources e.g., a widget configured to determine average overtime paid
- a widget of ‘average overtime paid’ may be suggested to them, thereby increasing the value they receive from the system, as this provides an insight which they would not otherwise have gained.
- One advantage of the proposed solution is the ability to generate a suggestion to a user of the first dashboard to connect a data source 235 of a fourth type to the widget 224 , since this type of connection is present between data source 238 and widget 226 . As noted above, this may provide additional benefit and allow a user to achieve insights which might not otherwise be readily available.
- a business intelligence system utilizing the disclosed embodiments is therefore clearly advantageous over business intelligence systems that generate queries or recommendations without identifying potential connections between nodes related to different data sources.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart 300 illustrating a method for generating graphical user interface including a populated dashboard according to an embodiment.
- Each knowledge graph includes a plurality of nodes which are linked to each other via edges.
- Each node may represent a user-related entity (e.g., a user, user data, user metadata, a portion thereof, etc.) or a query-related entity such as, but not limited to, a data source, table, column, query, sub-query (i.e., a portion of a query), and the like.
- Each edge is a connector linking nodes to each other.
- Each edge may represent a different type of connection. Edges may be updated, evicted, or both.
- edges may have respective weights indicating relative strengths of the connections (e.g., relative to other edges).
- Example semantic knowledge graphs which may be utilized in accordance with the disclosed embodiments are described below with respect to FIG. 6 and in the above-referenced U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 16/876,943 and 16/731,668, each assigned to the common assignee, the contents of each are hereby incorporated by reference.
- a single knowledge graph may be generated rather than a plurality of knowledge graphs.
- one or more previously generated knowledge graphs are obtained, for example, by retrieving them from one or more databases. It should be noted that having access to more data (e.g., through generating or obtaining more knowledge graphs) allows for improving results of creating enriched data layers and, consequently, universal knowledge graphs. Thus, generating more knowledge graphs, obtaining more knowledge graphs, or both, allows for further improving results of the disclosed embodiments.
- an enriched data layer is generated based on nodes of the knowledge graphs.
- the enriched data layer may include nodes which indicate respective topics (i.e., topic nodes). Each such topic node is linked to one or more nodes of the original knowledge graphs obtained at S 310 such that nodes of those original knowledge graphs are effectively organized by topic.
- generating the enriched data layer includes receiving one or more topic nodes, determining a vector distance between each topic node and each node of the knowledge graphs, and generating a link (e.g., an edge) between the topic node and a node of the knowledge graphs if the vector distance between those nodes is below a predefined threshold.
- a node of one of the knowledge graphs may be linked to multiple topic nodes (i.e., such that the node may effectively be associated with multiple topics as represented in the universal knowledge graph including the nodes of the original knowledge graphs and the nodes of the enriched data layer).
- a request is received to generate a dashboard.
- the request includes one or more topics associated with topic nodes.
- the request may be initiated via an interaction of a user with a graphical user interface of a user device or automatically by the user device.
- a user may enter a query via interaction with a current dashboard displayed as a graphical user interface, where the query indicates one or more topics which may be related to the queried content.
- the dashboard may be presented as an analytic application to a user device.
- An analytic application may be for example, a dashboard structure based on a data model which is shared between several customer accounts. Each customer account has different data while the basic display structure may be the same or similar.
- one or more widgets are selected based on connections between the topic nodes of the enriched data layer and widget nodes of the knowledge graphs.
- the selection is based on weights of edges between the topic node and each widget node, a number of links between a topic node and a widget node, a length of time during which a topic node has been linked to a widget node (i.e., an amount of time since the topic node became linked to the widget node), or a combination thereof.
- S 340 may further include generating a score representing a relative strength of connection between each topic node and each linked widget node.
- a predetermined number of widgets are determined for selection.
- a predetermined number of 2 widgets are selected from among the potential widgets.
- the predetermined number may be further based on widget type.
- the selection may include selecting two widgets of a first type, three widgets of a second type, and the like.
- the predetermined number of widgets may include widgets show respective widget nodes have the highest scores with the topic nodes of the requested topics.
- a recommended widget list may be generated.
- the list may include widget recommendations for the dashboard based on a priority.
- the priority may be determined based, for example, on the match (or strength of link) between the widget node and the topic node.
- the widget presented to a user e.g., a widget to be displayed via a dashboard or other graphical user interface
- the widget presented to a user may be presented in order based on the recommended widget list.
- the universal knowledge graph system may populate the dashboard with a second widget having the next highest priority on the recommended widget list.
- the recommended widget list may be organized from highest recommendation to lowest recommendation, and such organization may be based on respective scores (e.g., such that widgets whose respective widget nodes have higher scores are higher on the recommended widget list than widgets whose widget nodes have lower scores).
- widgets are selected based on the availability of data sources. As a non-limiting example, if a widget requires a particular data source or type of data source (i.e., when the widget is stored in that data source or a data source of a particular group of data sources grouped by type) that a user is not authorized or is otherwise unable to access, then the widget is not for the dashboard.
- a data source may be, but is not limited to, a database or a portion thereof (e.g., a table).
- generating the enriched data layer further includes performing matching to determine if a data source associated with a first knowledge graph matches a data source associated with a second knowledge graph. For example, the column ‘name_first’ of a first table in a data source associated with a first knowledge graph may be matched to a column ‘first_name’ of a second table in a data source associated with a second knowledge graph. Matching may be done based on metadata of the data sources, data types, data distribution, word embedding on metadata, based on queries, combinations thereof, and the like.
- the matching may further be based on a dictionary of words which are related, share a prefix or suffix, or otherwise share a meaning (e.g., words in different languages, synonyms, combinations thereof, and the like).
- a first query of the first knowledge graph may reference a column ‘salary’ while a second query, similar in structure to the first query, in the second knowledge graph may reference a column ‘sahar’.
- a match may be determined that ‘salary’ and ‘sahar’ (which is a transliteration of the Hebrew word for salary as indicated in a dictionary of words in other languages) reference the same type of data.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart 400 illustrating a method for generating a dynamic data cube based on a universal knowledge graph according to an embodiment.
- a dashboard is generated based on a user request. Dashboard generation is discussed in more detail with respect to FIG. 3 above.
- a graphical user interface may include a textual input into which the user can input a topic of interest.
- a natural language parser may be used to analyze the input to determine a match to one or more topic nodes.
- the one or more topic nodes may be displayed to the user over the GUI, allowing the user to select any one or more of the topic nodes.
- a dashboard is generated which includes a plurality of widgets, each widget corresponding to one or more queries.
- the one or more queries are analyzed to determine one or more data sources to which the queries are directed.
- Each of the one or more queries may be directed at one or more data sources.
- a data source may be a column of a table, a table, a database, and the like.
- a dynamic data structure is generated based on the one or more determined data sources.
- the dynamic data structure may be, for example, an online analytical processing (OLAP) cube.
- the dynamic data structure is the result of extracting, transforming, and loading data from a data source into a data structure which is smaller than the data structure of the data source. Queries which can be executed on the dynamic data structure therefore do not require access to the data sources directly. Accordingly, generating and using the dynamic data structure as described herein results in less latency when querying data.
- Dynamic data structures may be initially generated either manually (e.g., by a data scientist), automatically, or through a combination of manual and automatic processes (e.g., a data scientist selecting one or more columns of data from each of multiple databases and a data model being generated automatically using the selected columns).
- Manually building a dynamic data structure requires laying assumptions about what type of queries users will attempt to execute, and results in a rigid structure which after many hours of labor may not be in line with the actual use required by users.
- Such a data model may be initialized as the dynamic data structure and then updated as described in accordance with the disclosed embodiments.
- the build process includes performing the steps of extracting data from the data sources, transforming the data, and loading the transformed data into the generated dynamic data structure.
- the data may be transformed such that, for example, the data is in a unified format.
- a query is received.
- the query may be received in response to a user requesting to load a dashboard, in response to a user requesting to refresh a widget with which the query is associated, a request from a user to apply a filter to a view of a widget, and the like.
- the query is directed to the dynamic data structure.
- S 460 includes determining whether the query is executable on the dynamic data structure such that the query is only directed to the dynamic data structure when the query is executable on the dynamic data structure. Otherwise, the query is executed on the appropriate data source(s) directly.
- FIG. 5 is an example schematic diagram of a universal knowledge graph system 110 according to an embodiment.
- the universal knowledge graph system 110 includes a processing circuitry 510 coupled to a memory 520 , a storage 530 , and a network interface 540 .
- the components of the universal knowledge graph system 110 may be communicatively connected via a bus 550 .
- the processing circuitry 510 may be realized as one or more hardware logic components and circuits.
- illustrative types of hardware logic components include field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), Application-specific standard products (ASSPs), system-on-a-chip systems (SOCs), graphics processing units (GPUs), tensor processing units (TPUs), general-purpose microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), and the like, or any other hardware logic components that can perform calculations or other manipulations of information.
- FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
- ASICs application-specific integrated circuits
- ASSPs Application-specific standard products
- SOCs system-on-a-chip systems
- GPUs graphics processing units
- TPUs tensor processing units
- DSPs digital signal processors
- the memory 520 may be volatile (e.g., random access memory, etc.), non-volatile (e.g., read only memory, flash memory, etc.), or a combination thereof.
- software for implementing one or more embodiments disclosed herein may be stored in the storage 530 .
- the memory 520 is configured to store such software.
- Software shall be construed broadly to mean any type of instructions, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. Instructions may include code (e.g., in source code format, binary code format, executable code format, or any other suitable format of code). The instructions, when executed by the processing circuitry 510 , cause the processing circuitry 510 to perform the various processes described herein.
- the storage 530 may be magnetic storage, optical storage, and the like, and may be realized, for example, as flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Disks (DVDs), or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information.
- flash memory or other memory technology
- CD-ROM compact disk-read only memory
- DVDs Digital Versatile Disks
- the network interface 540 allows the universal knowledge graph system 110 to communicate with, for example, knowledge graph systems (e.g., the knowledge graph systems 122 and 124 , FIG. 1 ).
- knowledge graph systems e.g., the knowledge graph systems 122 and 124 , FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart 600 illustrating a method for generating a semantic knowledge graph from an event log of a business intelligence (BI) system according to an embodiment.
- BI business intelligence
- an event log is received.
- the event log includes a plurality of events and may be continuously updated.
- an initial event log is received, and thereafter events are received either as they occur, periodically, or both. For example, when there is a high volume of events, the events may be received periodically; and when there is a low volume of events, the events may be received as they occur.
- Events may be instructions related to loading a dashboard, loading a widget, executing one or more queries on one or more data sources, changing a filter on a query, changing a view of a widget, and the like.
- each event of the received event log is parsed to identify objects and relations of those objects to one another.
- a parsed event may include, but is not limited to, a plurality of query objects and relations thereof.
- objects may be further associated with metadata of a columnar relational database.
- the metadata may be received from a BI system, or by requesting the metadata from the data sources.
- objects are selected from among the identified objects in the parsed event(s).
- multiple objects are received and every possible relationship between each pair of two objects from among the objects is determined.
- Each relationship is further associated with a weight, which is increased based on a number of appearances in a parsed event.
- a relationship is determined between at least a first object and a second object among the identified objects.
- the first object, second object, or both may each have relations to a plurality of other objects.
- the first object and second object may have a plurality of different relations to each other. For example, an object “SALARY INCOME” may have both a “SUM” and an “AVG” (average) relationship to an object “INVESTMENT_INCOME,” depending on the query being executed.
- the semantic model may be stored in a memory of a user device, at a network accessible storage device, and the like.
- a semantic knowledge graph is generated (or updated, if one already exists) based on the determined relationships between objects.
- Generating the semantic knowledge graph may include determining a plurality of query objects and the identified relations between them.
- a semantic knowledge graph is generated by identifying a plurality of query objects and generating all possible relations between them. Weights are added to the relations based on the determined relations from the parsed events.
- a semantic knowledge graph may be generated based on a user account. In such embodiments, it may be further useful to determine a link between a user account and each event of the parsed event log, and to only input the parsed events which are linked to the user account into the semantic model.
- a general semantic model is generated for a group of users, which possibly have a dashboard or widget as a common feature.
- the general semantic model (also referred to as organizational memory model) may include identified objects and relations between the objects, each relationship further carrying a weight.
- a copy of the organizational memory model may then be associated with a user account and updated by only parsing events which pertain to the user account without changing the original organizational memory model.
- the original organizational memory model may be continuously updated by inputting events from all users such that when a new user joins the organization (i.e., a group of users), the new user is presented with a seeded model, which may be customized to the user's needs over time based on use of the model by the user.
- a seeded model which may be customized to the user's needs over time based on use of the model by the user.
- two users are presented with a copy of a first organizational memory model.
- Each user through use, adapts the model (i.e. causes changes to weights of query object relationships) to their usage pattern.
- the first user adds an object to their copy of the organizational model which the second user does not use, and is therefore not present in the second user's model.
- the added object is present in the model when a third user joins the group, providing the third user with a more enriched model, and therefore more potential to gain insights from data.
- individual user models may be updated based on a current version of the general organizational memory model.
- a node, a relation, or both may be culled from a semantic knowledge graph.
- Culling may be done based on, for example but not limited to, frequency of use, values of weights (e.g., relationships having weights below a threshold may be culled), vector distance (e.g., relationships having vector distances exceeding a threshold may be culled), combinations thereof, and the like.
- the culling may be performed, for example but not limited to, periodically.
- Snapshots can be stored, for example, periodically. Multiple snapshots may be maintained, for example, for personalized models associated with different user accounts, for the original model, or both. Snapshots may also be stored in response to certain changes of the model. As a non-limiting example, adding or culling a node may trigger storing a snapshot while changing a weight of a relation, adding a relation, or removing a relation, may not.
- Applying the semantic knowledge graph includes determining one or more outputs based on the organization of the semantic knowledge graph.
- Such outputs may include, but are not limited to, suggested fields, widgets in reports, user profiles or portions thereof, cache contents to be used for cache warmups, and the like.
- the various embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof.
- the software is preferably implemented as an application program tangibly embodied on a program storage unit or computer readable medium consisting of parts, or of certain devices and/or a combination of devices.
- the application program may be uploaded to, and executed by, a machine comprising any suitable architecture.
- the machine is implemented on a computer platform having hardware such as one or more central processing units (“CPUs”), a memory, and input/output interfaces.
- CPUs central processing units
- the computer platform may also include an operating system and microinstruction code.
- a non-transitory computer readable medium is any computer readable medium except for a transitory propagating signal.
- any reference to an element herein using a designation such as “first,” “second,” and so forth does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations are generally used herein as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, a reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements may be employed there or that the first element must precede the second element in some manner. Also, unless stated otherwise, a set of elements comprises one or more elements.
- the phrase “at least one of” followed by a listing of items means that any of the listed items can be utilized individually, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be utilized. For example, if a system is described as including “at least one of A, B, and C,” the system can include A alone; B alone; C alone; 2A; 2B; 2C; 3A; A and B in combination; B and C in combination; A and C in combination; A, B, and C in combination; 2A and C in combination; A, 3B, and 2C in combination; and the like.
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