US1167105A - Furnace. - Google Patents

Description

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M ATTORNEY HNrrnnsrArns rA'rnNronnicn,

JoHN r. o'rfr, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

` FU'RNACH.

Specification of Letters Patent. I .i

Patented aan. i, 191e."

originan application filed June 11, 1,912, seriai'No. 702,980. Divided and this'` appiieatioiiviiied December a i T0 all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, JOHN ROTT, acitizen of the United States, and a resident of the-city of-Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new-and useful Improve-V ments in Furnaces, of which the following is a specification, this application beingl a division ofmy original application, filed `June 11, 1912', Serial No. 702,980. f

The main objects of this invention are, to provide an improved furnace of simple, compact, durable, and relatively inexpensi-ve construction, and which may be readily taken apart for making repairs, for cleaning, or for other purposes; to provide an improved furnace particularly adapted forr` the slow combustion on natural draft of line or cheap fuel, suchy asculm, fine soft coal, peat, coke, sawdust, or other ne fuel;

andf-to provide otherfimprovements as willY appear hereinafter.

AIn the accompanying drawmgs,lll`igure 1 is a fragmentary frontelevation, `partly in verticaltransverse section, of a furnace constructedv in accordancewith this invention; and Fig.-2 is a horizontal section online 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Referring to the drawings, one'emloodi-A ment'of this invention comprises a furnace including a hollow fbody or main portion 1, preferably substantially rectangular and oblong in planular outline and resting upon a suitable flat foundation 2. The body lis preferably formed exteriorly of a vertical front plate 5, vertical side walls 6 and 7, av4 y Y vertical back walll 8 and a longitudinally horizontal and transversely arched top'wall` 9. The front plate'r 5 is preferably made off cast iron, or other similar material, and the side, back and top -walls are preferably made of a continuous layer or casing 10 of' cement'or concrete. o

For securing the front plate 5 detachably in position, and for reinforcingy the `side walls' and 7 and the back Vwall 8, al pluralityVV of horizontal rods 15 are embedded in f the cementV during the course of construction. Each of these rods 15 is preferably in the form of a yoke, which extends longitudinally through the'side walls and backV wall. rilhe ends of Veach rod 15 project snugly through apertures 16 provided therefor in the front plate, and each end is pro- 2,1912. Sera1.N0.734,476.

vided with a nutji17 "threaded therein'outf the body .1, 'a plurality of horizontally l spaced rods 18 are embedded transversely in thel cement of this topy wall, and each of.l

these rods has `downwardly. bent endsV 19 embedded and. suitably lanchored in the ccl mentl side walls' and' l o Thebody 1 of the furnace hasfanv interior lining20 of removable sectionsv of firebrick,

or other suitable non-combustible material,

surrounded and supported by which are a p plurality of vertically spaced longitudinally horizontal -fuel traysv 21, -of fire brick or similar material `forminga plurality Vof v`in` ter-communicating combustion chambers 22.v`

The lowest 4'fuel tray is rprovided with the 'Y usual grate 23, below which is the usual ash pit. 'The front plate 5 of the Yfurnace is provided with a'pluralityofy doors 24hi'nged f thereto and covering corresponding 'l aperturesl ,through the plate, permitting access to the vfuel trays.

- To permit of the expansion and contracthereinforced cement-casing, a layer 25Vof tion of the re'brick lining with respect to any suitabley non-combustible yielding mal' terial is interposedvbetweenthe cement casing and the fire bricklining in contactl with each, and to insure the retention of a suitable amount lof heat in the combustion chambers 22 for ,the slow combustion of fine or low grade fuel. The interposed layer 25 isHprefera-bly made of material that. is a non-conductor or poor conductor of heat,

asbestos being thematerial preferred. vThis v layer 25 completely separates the cement casing from the fire' brick lining and pre#v vents the cement casing/from adhering to the brick lining, thus leaving the brick lining freeto'be removed easily from the interior ofthe furnace for repairs yor replacement, l

without disturbing the cement casing or its noncombustible lining 25.

Outside of and carried by the body 1 of the furnace area plurality of heatingdrums v therefrom, is a double outer casing 34 substantially rectangular and oblong in planular outline and consisting of a vertical front wall 35, two vertical side walls 36, 37, a vertical back wall 38, and a top wall or dome IThe walls of this outer casing are preferably supported by a rectangular frame,

preferably made of iron or steel beams and comprising four vertical angle irons, 40, 4l, 42, and 43, arranged within the outer casing at its four corners respectively, and the lower ends of which rest upon the foundation 2 of the furnace. The upper ends of these vertical beams are rigidly connected by four horizontal T beams, 44, 45, 4G, and 47, forming a horizontal rectangular continuous upper frame, and the lower ends of the vertical beams are suitably connected by horizontal ' im beams 48, 49, and 50, forming a three-sided rectangular lower frame open in front. All of these l beams are preferably arranged with their base portions in vertical planes, and with their central webs extendingY outwardly with respect to the furnace from their base portions respectively. rlhe lower frame 48, 49, and 50, is preferably spaced a short distance above the base 2 of the furnace to provide openings 5l for the admission of cold air from the space surrounding the furnace into the space between. the double outer casing 34, and the cement inner casing l0 of the furnace.

The vertical walls of the doubleV outer casing 34 of the furnace are preferably formed of a plurality of readily removable hollow sections of sheet metal, which are detachably secured to the rigid rectangular frame, 40 to 50. 0f these walls, the front wall 35 is preferably formed of two vertical hollow sections arranged in the same vertical plane upon opposite sides respectively of the front of the furnace and spaced apart horizontally to provide an opening 57 for access to the doors 24 of the furnace. Each of these front sections 55 is provided on its inner vertical margin with a flange 58, preferably integral therewith and formed by bending and bringing the opposite sides of the section together. This flange 58 projects rearwardly from its section toward the body of the furnace and is detachably clamped adjacent its inner edge, by'means of bolts 59, to a vertical flange 60 provided therefor, and which projects outwardly from and is preferably integral with the front plate 5 of the body of the furnace. The outer vertical margin of each of these front sections 55 is detachably, by means of bolts 6l or otherwise, secured to the corresponding vertical angle iron 40 or 4l, and is preferably providedY with a Vflanged extension 62, preferably integral therewith forming a rearwardly opening transversely rectangular channel adapted to receive the vertical front marginal portion of a side section of the outer casing. The extension 62 is preferably formed by bringing the two sides of the section together and bending them to form the channel. The upper ends of these front sections fit snugly in the lower angle formed between the base and the web of the corresponding horizontal T beam 44.

rihe back vertical wall of the outer casing is preferably formed of three hollow sections 65, 66 and 67, arranged consecutively in horizontal series in the same vertical plane. rlhese sections fit snugly between and are held against displacement vertically or horizontally inwardly by the horizontal central webs and the vertical base portions of the two corresponding horizontal T beams 46 and 49.

.The outer vertical marginal portion of each of the outer bacli sections 65 and 67 is detachably secured by means of bolts G3 to the corresponding vertical angle iron 4:2 or 43, and the sides of the section are brought together and bent to form a iianged eXtension 69, preferably integral therewith forining a forwardly opening transversely rectangular channel adapted to receive a vertical edge of a side section. rlhe central section 6G of the back wall is provided upon its outer side with two oppositely disposed vertical marginal flanges 70 which engage against the outer surfaces of the adjoining hollow sections tohold the latter sections in position. rihe marginal flanges are prefer ably formed by bringing the two opposite side walls of the section together, and overlapping the edge of one side wall with the marginal portion of the other side wall. The central section 66 is held detachably against withdrawal rearwardly by means of a. suitable flange 7l rigidly secured to the inner surface of the central section adjacent the lower margin thereof and overlapping the inner surface of the corresponding lower mi" beam, and by means of corresponding rotatable fingers 72 engaging the inner surface 1 of the upper T beam and rigidly mounted on rotatable bolts 73 extending through the section whereby the fingers 72 may be rotated into or out of engagement with the inner surface of the upper l'lf-beam. rlChe central section preferably has a short amount of movement vertically between its T beams to permit of its ready removal or adjustment. Y

Each side wall 3G and 37, of the outer casing, is preferably composed of three hollow sections, 75, 76 and 77, arranged consecutively in horizontal series in the same vertical plane. Each of these sections fits between and is held against displacement vertically or horizontally inwardly by the corresponding T beams 45 and 48 or 47 and 50. rilhe central one, 76, of these sections, is similar in construction to the central section 667 hereinbefoie described, of 'the back wall, and is provided, as hereinbefore described, with two oppositely disposed verticalmarginal flanges integral therewith, which engage against the outer surface of lthe adjoining sections 75 and 77. The central side section 76 is also provided with a flange 81 rigid therewith which overlaps and engages the corresponding lower 'E'` beam 48 or 50 and with lingers v82 substantially similar to fingers'72 Vrigidly mounted upon the inner ends of rotatable bolts 83 substantially similar to bolts 73Y extending through the sections, the fingers being arranged to be readily rotated by the bolts, into or out 'ofengagement with the inner surfaces of the correspondingupper T beam 45 orY 47 in a manner similar to that previously described in connection with central section 66. The outer sections 75 and 77 lit snugly in the corresponding channels formed by the Hanged extensions 62 and 69, and are held securely in position solely Vby the corresponding central section 76. From the foregoing, it is evident that by simply turn- `ing the bolt 83, the central section 76, and

then the adjoining sections 75 and 77, may all bereadily removed, andrthat all of the sections of the outer casing may be easily and quickly detached and removed to perlmit access across to the interior portions of the furnace, or for any other'purpose.

|The top wall or dome, 39 of the outer casing preferably telescopes snugly over the upper portion of the upper rectangular frame, and rests upon thecentral webs of the T beams 44, 45, 46 and 47 composing the frame. The .usual pipes 85 lead. from the dome to deliver the heated air from the furnace.

It has been found in actual practice that a furnace constructed in accordance with this invention possesses many advantages over furnaces as heretofore constructed. For instance, by having the inner casinglO constructed of cement or concrete, it has been found that it has less tendency to warp or cracker become otherwise misshapen, under the inuence of heat, than in a construction where this casing is formed of brick or vother materials. It is well known Vthat when brick are used to form a casing for a furnace, nu-

merous braces must be applied to hold the brick in place, but under-the most favorable conditions, it is difficult to prevent the brick` quired than when brick is used, and that the i cement or concrete lwall radiates heat .with

' great efficiency.

As the reinforced concrete construction reduces the extreme dimensions of a furnace having a given capacity for the consumption of fuel, ithas been-found possible to provide al comparatively wide heating space 'between the outer hollow casingand the cement cas ing andto arrange heating drums-j in the` space, below the top of the concrete 4casing, as shown in'Fig. l, thus reducing ithe'he'ad room'required by a. furnace `of a'given vea-1 pacity and occupying a, givenfloorspace."

It is to be noted that the front plate 5 of this `iinpi'oved lfurnace may be quickly'removed,and that, after the'V front plate 5 has been removed, the innerlining of iire'brick 20, the fuel trays 21' and the grate 23 may be quickly removed, without disturbing the reinforced cement casing v10, or its noncombustible lining 25.l f

vAlthough only a single form has been yillustrated in which this invention .may be embodied, it is to be understood -that the in-v f y jvention is not limited tov any specific construction but may be applied in vvarious forms, without-departing' from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims. y

Having thus fully described this inven-v tion, I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States.:

1. A furnace comprising a hollow cement body portion havingan open front end, a

detachable front plate. extending over said end, reinforcing means embedded in said e cement and holding said plate in position, a lining of re brick arranged within said body portion, and yielding non-combustible means betweensaid re brick and said body y portion adapted to prevent said body portion from adhering to said fire brick.

3. Afurnace comprising a hollow' cement ing vertical` substantially parallel cement side walls, a vertical cement end wall convbody portion having lan open end and includh5 nectingsaid sidewalls and integral ytherewith, a cement top wall connecting the upf permost portions of said side walls and said end wall and integral therewith, a substantially vertical metallic front plate extending over said open end, a plurality of substan-` tially 'horizontal' lvertically spaced reinforcing rods each of which is in the form of a yoke passing through said side walls and said back wall and'having its ends passing through said front plate and provided outside of said frontV plate with means for .Y

clamping said front plate against said ce`- ment walls, a plurality of transverse rods each of WhicheXtends through said top Wall between eaeh'of'snid Cement Walls `and said 1 0 and has its ends turned doWnW rdly and lire-brick lining. i

embedded in the upper portions of said side lin Witness whereof, I have hereunto set Walls respectively, a fire-brick lining Within my hand, this 26th day of November, A. D. said hollow body portion and including sub- 1912.

stantially Vertical Side Walls, a substantially A JOHN P. TT. Vertical back Wall, a, substantially vertical Witnessesz front Wall, and u. top Wall, and a yielding A. l. GARDNER,

non-combustible cellular layer of material i ALEXANDER PARK.

Copies of this patent may be vobrained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents Washington, D. GJ

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