US1166393A - Insulator. - Google Patents

Description

Lx STEINB'ERGER.

INSULATOR.

APPLICATION FlLED JULY 25,1912.

Patented Dec. 28, 1915.

. INVENTOR WITNESSES LOUIS STEINBEBGEB, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

INSULATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 25, 1912. Serial I'm 711,465.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LOUIS Srnmnnnonn, residing at Brooklyn, county of Kings, city and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Insulators, of which the following is a. specification.

This invention relates to a new and improved insulating supporting means for electric conductors, designed to protect the line, as well as itself, against the evil effects of abnormal electrical potential discharges such as might be produced by a line becoming short-circuited with another line, or, in the event of a lightning discharge striking the line or one or more of the insulating line supporting members.

Among the various objects to be attained by the present invention, the following may be particularly enumerated: 1. To provide an improved insulating line supporting means which will remain intact during an abnormal electric discharge from line to ground. 2. To provide an insulating supporting means with means whereby an abnormal discharge of electricity may be conducted from line to ground without injuriously affecting the otherwise inherent insulating qualities of the insulator. 3. To proi 'ide an insulating line supporting means offering great resistance to punctuie, and which will not be rendered inoperative by heavy po tential discharges such as might be caused bv a lightning discharge being transmitted from line to ground through said supporting means. 4. To provide means whereby an electric discharge from the conductor supported by the insulator inav be intercepted and distributed to all sides of the insulator, thereby preventing such concentration of the area of discharge as would tend to destroy or seriously impair the insulator. 5. To provide, upon an insulator, a plurality of exposed spaced conducting elements dis- Jose an an. i a

1 d d 'anged in such a manner th t an unusually heavypote-ntial discharge will be induced to are around the exterior of the insulator whereby to reduce the danger of puncture. 6. Top-rovide upon the exterior surface ofan insulator a. plurality of spaced, concentrically arranged, conducting elements which will operate to collect and distribute an unusual potential discharge, whereby such discharge will tend to take place about the entire surface of the insulator in contradistinction to a localized discharge about one ortion of the surface of the insulator. 7. 0 provide a plurality of spaced members about the body of an insulator, and so related to each other that each of said members will collect and distribute the potential discharge so that the discharge will arc progressively or in series from one concentric member to the other over the surface of the insulator from the point. of entrance of the discharge to the point of sup port of the insulator. 8. To provide an insulator, of the pin type, having outstanding weather protective flanges or disks, with concentrically disposed metallic rings upon the upper portions of said protective parts for the purpose of inducing an electric discharge to are about said protective parts rather than to puncture the same in its passage from line to ground. 9'. To construct an insulator, having protective outstanding concentrically disposed metallic.

Patented Dec. 28, 1915.

flanges, with means which, while operatingparts, will also tend to prevent the rupture or destruction thereof during the passage of an abnormal potential discharge from line to ground. 10. To provide a new and improved insulator of the pin type. 11. To provide new and improved means for supporting a pin type form of insulator. 12. To provide an insulator with a columnar portion of insulating material having a tubular metallic member attached thereto and depending therefrom, adapted to be detachably connected with a support for the insulator. 13. To provide the tubular member referred to, with an interiorly threaded surface preferably throughout its length, the threads within the upper portion of said member serving as a grip to be engaged by the insulating material of the insulator, and the threads within the lower portion of said member serving as a means whereby said insulator may be detachably connected with a suitably threaded support. 14. To form said tubular member withsuitable apertures adjacent its upper end, so that the material of the insulator may extend into said apertures to prevent relative rotation between the tubular member and the insulator.

Other objects and aims of the invention, more or less broad than those stated above, together with the advantages inherent, will be in part obvious and in part specifically referred to in the course of the following description.

'to mechanically strengthen said outstanding In the accompanying drawing, I have illustrated a side, elevational view, partlyin section of one form of embodiment of an insulator wherein my invention is employed.

It is Well known, that a heavy charge of current in a supported conductor, especially when said charge is impressed suddenly upon the conductor at one point, such as is often produced by a stroke of lightning striking the conductor, or in other ways, will cause a fusing away of one side of the insulator nearest the point where the charge is impressed, and that this fusing at one side of the material of the insulator is the result of the more or less direct passage of the heavy charge from the conductor into the support of the insulator along that side. I have provided means whose purpose it is to eleminate this and other objections inherent in similar structures as hithertodevised, said means consisting of collecting and distributing members provided upon the insulator, as will hereinafter be described.

r Referring to the drawing, the numeral 1- indicates the body portion of the form of insulator selected for illustrating the principles of this invention. In this embodiment, wherein I have illustrated an insulator of the pin type, said insulator comprises a substantially solid cylindrical body member considerably longer than wide, and having a transverse groove 2 extending across its upper end in which the conductor 3 is adapted to rest, as clearly illustrated. An

annular groove 4 is preferably formed in r the material of the body portion 1, adjacent arm or other support 10 for the insulator;

A suitable washer 11 is preferably interposed between the upper surface of the support 10, and the under annular shoulder 12 of the extension 8, and one or more nuts 13, are threaded upon the lower end of the bolt 9 for drawing the extension 8 against the upper surface of the support to clamp the bolt, and thus the extension 8 thereof, rigidly to the support. The lower end of the body portion 1 of the insulator is preferably fixed within the tubular member 6'by being molded therein, so that the material of which said insulator is composed, interlocks with the threads formed within said tubu lar member. One or more apertures, as at 14., may be formed through the wall of the tubular member, so that the material of the insulator may extend into said apertures for preventing-relative rotation and consequent disengagement of the insulator from said tubular member. a

In the present instance, I have provided the body portion 1 of the insulator with a plurality of protective annular flanges or disks, the object of which is to maintain certain portions of the insulator dry in the" integral with the body portionl adjacent the upper end thereof, the upper surface of said flange flaring outwardly and downwardly preferably just beneath the annular groove 4. A flange or hood 16, of a somewhat similar diameter than the flange 15, extends outwardly and downwardly from the body portion 1, at a point just above the upper end of the tubular member 6, the

' lower surface of said flange or hood flaring outwardly and downwardly almost directly from the upper annular edge of said tubular member, and intermediate the flan es 15 and 16 is a flange 17 which is pre erably' merged into the body portion 1 in the angle formed by the under surface 18 of the flange 15, and the surface of the body portion 1,'

and flares outwardly and downwardly from f I said angle.

Intermediate the under surface 19 of the flange 17 and the upper surface 27 of the flange 16, the entire surface of the body portion 1 is preferably coveredand protected I by a metallic ring or sleeve 20, the upper annular edge of said sleeve being preferably flared outwardly to conform to the shape of the inclosed insulating material, and the upper and lower edges thereof being preferably turned inwardly, as shown, to enter the body of insulating material. The under surface of each of. the flanges 15, 16 and 17 is inclined upwardly toward the body portionof the insulator, so as to preclude the pos sibllity of a flow of liquid along said surface from the outer peripheries of the disks toward the bodv .portion, and the flange 15, I

being of a considerably larger diameter than the flanges. 16 and 17, serves to prevent access of direct rain water, sleet, etc., to the upper surfaces of said flanges, so that they are protected and maintained relatively dry and are thus rendered more eflicient in resisting the passage of currents over their surfaces, as will be understood.

Each of the flanges 15, 16 and 17 has its outer annular edge provided with a ring of conducting material, said rings being indicated by the numerals 21, 22 and 23 respectively. These rings each comprise prefer ably a section of metal bent upon itself so as to inclose a portion of both the upper and under surfaces of the respective flanges as well as the extreme edges thereof. The

' rings are embedded partially in the material of the flanges so that their outer surfaces are preferably flush with the surfaces of the flanges, and each of the marginal edges of said rings is preferably turned or bent inwardly so as to form a holding grip in the material of the flange to prevent displacement, and to give strength to the ring and for reinforcing the disk and also to preclude the possibility of moisture entering and forming conductive paths beneath the rings. Upon the upper surface of the flanges are also arranged rings 24, 25 and 26 respectively. These latter rings are also preferably partially embedded within the material of the respective flanges so that their upper surfaces stand preferably flush with the upper surfaces of said flanges, and do not tend to collect dust or interfere with the flow of rain water, etc., over said flanges. The opposite marginal edges of these latter rings are also bent inwardly so as to be further embedded within the material of the flanges. In each instance the rings24, 25 and 26 are suitably placed with respect to the rings 21, 22 and 23, being substantially concentric therewith, but of less diameter.

From the structure described, it will be noted that a charge of electricity emanating from the conductor 3, and attempting to pass into the tubular member 6, will first encounter the flange 15 and tend to pass through the material of said flange to one or the other of the rings 20 or 26. An easier path, however, is provided along the upper surface of the flange by reason of the provision of the ring 24. The charge thus being induced to travel to the ring 24, said ring will operate to distribute it entirely around the body portion. The charge continuing its passage, will follow the path of least resistance which is obviously across the surface of the disk, bordering the ring 24, and to the ring 21 where it will be further dissipated and distributed around the body portion. It will then pass to the ring 26. Note here that passage through the material of the disk 15 to the ring 26 offers considerably greater resistance than the passage from the ring 24 through the ring 21, and thence to the ring 26. The path, through the material of the flange 17, to the metallic sleeve or ring 20, being of a relatively great resistance, the charge passes to the ring 23, thence to thering 20. From the lower annular edge of the ring 20, its path of least resistance is along the surface 27 of the flange 16 and to the next metallic member which is the ring 25; passage then to the ring'22 is of less resistance thanthe passagethrough the flange. The member 6 is thus reached. This collecting and distributing of the charge may, of

course, be carried on to any extent by the additionof more flanges to the body portion of the insulator, each flange having its peculiar arrangement of collector and distributer rings. The principal object, in this particular, however, is to arrange the flanges so that the insulator, as a whole, is rendered proof against the passage of ordinary currents and so that the flanges not only serve to provide relatively dry areas, but are, at the same time, arranged so as to cooperate with, and lend effectiveness to, the distributer rings which they carry.

The rings are so arranged as to practically compel the passage of the charge over the surface of the flanges rather than through the material of the flanges or the body portion, so that while some of the rings are relatively close together, they are separated by walls of insulation around which the charge is practically compelled to pass in going from one ring to the other. The member 6 serves also as a distributer or dissipating ring with reference to the passage of a charge of current into the common support 10.

It should be noted that the principles of this invention might be described as embodying a conductor, extending from the line to the ground, and comprising alternate annular sections of high and low resistance, the sections of low resistance operating to distribute the charge, when abnormal, and thus to protect the conductor from injury, and the sections of high resistance affording ample impedance to the passage of normal charges.

Asmany changes could be made in the above construction, and many apparently widelydifferent embodiments of this invention could be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawing shall be interpreted as illustrative only, and that the language used in the following claims is intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention.

Having thus described my invention,what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. An insulator comprising a columnar body portion of insulating material having means adapting it to be attached to a support by its lower end, and having means atits upper end for attaching a conductor, an annular flange intermediate its ends, and a plurality of conductor rings of different diameters concentrically arranged about the body on the upper surface of the flange.

2. An insulator comprising a columnar body portion of insulating material having means adapting it to be attached to asupport port by its lower end, and having-means at its upper end for attaching a conductor, an

annular flange intermediate its ends, a'plurality of closely juxtaposed concentrically arranged rings of conducting material carried by said flange upon one surface there. of, and another ring of conducting material arranged substantially concentrically with said first rings but being disposed upon the opposite surface of said flange so as to interpose .the'material of the flange between one of the first mentioned rings and said last ring. I

3. An insulator comprising a columnar body portion of insulating material, having attaching means at one end and being formed with means for attaching a conductor to its otherend, a ring'of conducting material disposed about said body portion intermediate the planes of its ends, a flange of insulating material depending around said ring and a second ring carried upon the outer surface of said flange.

4. An insulator, comprising a columnar body portion ofv insulating material having attaching means at one end, and being formed with means for attaching a conduc tor to its other end, a ring of conducting material disposed aboutsaid body portion intermediate the planes of its ends; a flange of insulating material dependent around said ring, and other rings of conducting material carried by said flange for the purpose set forth.

5. An insulator, comprising a columnar body portion of insulating material having attaching means at one end, and being formed with means for attaching a conductor to its other end; a plurality of independent annular flanges formed spaced apart along the length of said body portion, and a plurality of rings of conducting material carried by each of said flanges disposed to provide a path of less resistance between rings on a flange than between the rings of one flange and the rings of another, whereby a charge will be induced to pass entirely over the surface of one flange before reaching the next flange.

6. An insulator comprising a columnar body portion of insulating material having attaching means at one end, and being formed with means for attachinga conductor to its other end; an annular flange formed intermediate the ends of said body, a ring of conducting material fixed upon the circumferential edge portion of said flange,

and a second ring of conducting material fixed to the upper surface of said flange substantially concentric with said firstring and separated therefrom by only a relatively narrow strip of the surface of said flange, for the purpose set forth.

7. An insulator, comprising a columnar body portion of insulating material having attaching means at one end, and being formed with. means for attaching a con- I ductor to its other end; an annular flange formed intermediate the ends of said body,

a ring of conducting material fixed upon the circumferential edge portion of said flange, a second ring of conducting material fixed to the upper surface of said flange substan-' 'tially concentric with said first rmg and centrically with said other rings, but being Y arranged so that the material of the flange is interposed between it and said first mentioned ring, all for the purpose set'forth.

8. An insulator comprising a body portion having outstanding protective flanges or disks and a plurality of annular concentrically disposed metallic members located upon the edges of the said outstanding part-s, upon the surface thereof, and upon said body portion.

9. An insulator comprising a body portion and outstanding protective portions, and concentric metallic bands provided upon said body portion and upon said Protective portions.

10. An insulator comprising a body portion of insulating material and outstanding disks or flanges, and bands of metal provided upon the edge portions of said disks or flanges and upon their upper surfaces.

11. An insulator comprising a body portion of insulating material and outstanding disks or flanges, and bands of metal provided upon the edge portions of said disks or flanges and upon their upper surfaces, said bands lying flush with the surface of the insulating material.

12. An insulator comprising a solid integral columnar bodv portion, conductor attaching means provided thereon. a metallic sleeve encircling said bodv portion spaced from the said conductor attaching means. a ring of conducting material encircling said body intermediate said sleeve and said conductor attaching means, and a body of insulating material interposed between said sleeve and ring.

13. An insulator comprising a solid integral columnar body portion, conductor attaching means provided thereon at one end, a metallic ring encircling said body portion adjacent said end, a metallic ring encircling said body portion adjacent the opposite end of said body portion. and an annular flange projecting laterally from said body portion intermediate said rings.

14. An insulator comprising a columnar body portion, a conductor attaching means provided thereon at one end, a metallic current dissipating sleeve encircling said body portion at the other end extending part-way along the length thereof, a ring of conducting material encircling said body intermediate its ends, and said sleeve having a part servin as attaching means for the insulator.

15. In an insulator, an attaching means therefor, comprising a metallic sleeve within which a part of said insulator is molded, said sleeve being threaded substantially throughout its inner surface, a portion of said threads serving as gripping means with which the material of the insulator engages, said sleeve being also formed with shoulder portions in a plane transversally of the threads against which portions of the material of the insulator engage to prevent unscrewing of the sleeve from the insulator, and another portion of said threads serving as attaching means for said insulator.

16. An insulator comprising a support for a line, and a plurality of concentrically arranged electrically disconnected conductor members embedded therein interposed between line and ground.

17. An insulator comprising a solid stem of insulating material having means for supporting a line and ineans adapting it to be attached to a support, said stem being provided with outstanding protective members, and said protective members having spaced conductive members interposed between said line supporting means and said attaching means.

18. An insulating means comprising a substantially disk-shaped barrier of insulating material interposed between a conductor wire and ground, attaching means for attaching a conductor wire at one side thereof, attaching means for attaching a ground to the opposite side thereof, and a plurality of conductive members arranged upon the sur face of said barrier substantially concentrically of an imaginary line extending between said attaching means.

19. Insulating means comprising a barrier member of insulating material interposed between a conductor wire and ground, and having one of its faces directed toward said conductor wire, attaching means for attaching a conductor wire at one side thereof, attaching means for attaching a ground to the opposite side thereof, and a plurality of conductor members arranged upon the men tioned face of said barrier, so as to be traversed in series by an electrical discharge between said attaching means.

20. An insulator comprising a disk-shaped member of insulating material, attaching means for attaching a conductor wire centrally at one side thereof, attaching means for attaching a ground centrally at the opposite side thereof, and a plurality of conductor rings carried upon the surface of said disk substantially concentrically of the central portion thereof.

21. An insulator comprising a body portion of insulating material adapted to be attached to a support by its lower end, said body having its upper end formed with means adapted for the attachment of a conductor, said body being formed with an annular flange intermediate its ends, and a plurality of closely juxtaposed concentrically arranged rings of conducting material carried by said flange.

22. An insulator comprising a columnar body portion of insulating material, having attaching means at one end, and being formed with means for attaching a conductor to its other end, a ring of conducting material disposed about said body portion intermediate the planes of its ends, a flange of insulating material formed upon said body portion above said ring, a flange of insulating material formed upon said body portion below said ring, and a ring of conducting material carried by each of said flanges.

23. An insulator comprising a body portion of insulating material having means for attaching it to a support and having means at its upper end for attaching a conductor, an annular flange and a plurality of conductor rings of different diameters concentrically arranged on the upper surface of the flange.

In witness whereof, I aflix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

LOUIS STEINBERGER.

Witnesses:

NATHALIE THOMPSON, L. Gosrono HANDIE.

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