US1164407A - Telephone-relay. - Google Patents

Description

1. SCHIESSLER.

TELEPHONE RELAY. APPLICATION FILED JULY 2. ms.

Patented Dec. 14, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1- J. SCHIESSLER. TELEPHONE RELAY.

A PLICATION FILED JULY 2, 1913.

1,164,407. v I Patented Dec. 1915.

2 SHEETS- 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSE]? SCHI SSSLE R, OF BADEN, NEAR VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

TELEPHONE-RELAY.

To all whom it ma concern:

Be it known t at I, JOSEF Somnssmm,

subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary,

of Baden, near Vienna, Austria-Hungary, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telephone-Relays; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,-

clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

'This invention relates to certain improvements in telephone relays.

The improved relay according to this invention diifers from the relays hitherto known by the arrangement of the incandescent resistance and the action thereon of the line currents, etc., to be strengthened. Moreover the coupling of the intensifying circuit with the receiving apparatus or with the secondary line, the current and oscillatory circuits, antennae, etc., of wireless arrangements, is a capacitative-inductive one as described in the specification of my copending application for U. S. Patent Serial No. 738304 in order to avoid the so-called howling set up in the telephone, or similar disturbances in other receiving apparatus, when the coupling is close and purely connected to the choking coil 2 and to an incandescent resistance 4 in series. The choking coil 2 is provided with an adjustable iron core 3 comprising concentric, split tubes of well annealed soft iron, any desired number of which tubes can be pushed any desired distance on to a soft iron core arranged concentrically with the coil 2. The incandescent resistance 4 is connected to the Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 14, 1915.

Application filed July 2, 1913. Serial No. 777,059.

choking coil 2. For the purpose required the incandescent body may consist of materials of both positive as well as of negative temperature coefficients, that is to say of metals and their alloys, and non-metals. The metals employed in the apparatus under notice are principally the heavy metals resisting against the action of heat, such as platinum, osmium, iridium and also tungsten and tantalum. Of the non-metals artificial silundum, Nernst' lamp heating members, and similar heating bodies are employed which for the purpose of affording greater radiation are caused to present a larger external surface by winding them'in the form of a spiral or bending them into serpentine form or making them up into entire woven bodies. Connected up in parallel with the incandescent resistance 4 is a variable condenser 5 in place of which however a regulating resistance might be used under some circumstances. The incandescent body 4 is moreover connected to a suitable regulating resistance, 6 which permits the current conditions in the entire arrangement to be regulated. From this resistance the current flows through the induction coil 7 of a eapacitative-inductive coupling apparatus constructed as desired in the specification of my copending application for U. S. Patent No. 738304,'and with which a variable condenser 8 or if necessary an adjustable resistance is connected up in parallel. A large adjustable self induction device 9 conducts the current back to the second current pole of the source of current 1. To the condenser 19 of the capacitative-inductive coupling is coupled a telephone 20 or any other suitable receiving apparatus. In order that favorable conditions may be produced in the high power circuit traversed by the undulatory current an adjustable oscillatory circuit such as described in my other copending U. S. application Ser. No. 449345 may be provided, the said circuit which consists of the variable capacity device 11 and 'the adjustable self induction device '10, be-

ing arranged parallel with and symmetrically to the regulating incandescent resist-- ance 4 and to the capacitative-inductive coupling 7. The incandescent resistance 4 is arranged in a chamber which is closed by two diaphragms 12 and 13 which are infiuenced by two electromagnets l4 and 15 that are traversed by the currents to be intensified and are connected by the terminals 17 and 18 with the line or any other apparatus the weak currents of which are to be intensified. The electromagnets 14 and 15 act either directly upon the diaphragms 12 and 13,'see Fig. 1, or indirectly, see Fig. 2.

In Fig. 2, 21 is the casing inclosing the chamber which contains the incandescent resistance 4. The casing is made of thin material and provided with circular disk shaped cooling ribs or fins 30 and 31 so as to conduct the heat away as rapidly as possible. This removal of the heat may also be effected by causing a current of fresh air, produced as by a draft or fan, to constantly play over the casing, or by embedding the casing in a vessel containing water which is constantly renewed; The chamber is closed in an airtight manner on both sides by elastic diaphragms 12 and 13 so that the incandescent resistance is thereby protected from all draft of the air. The elastic diaphragms consist either entirely of iron, such as telephone diaphragms, or better of some other elastic material such as sheet aluminium, glass, mica, etc., to each of which when they are arranged to be acted upon directly by the electromagnets traversed by the currents to be intensified, as shown in Fig. 1, a small sheet iron disk is centrally attached in any suitable manner as an armature, or, if they are to be acted upon indirectly, each diaphragm has attached centrally to it a crank lever 26 or 27 which may be extended as may be desired at 24 or 25 and to the free end of which is fitted a conical soft iron armature 28 or 29. Above the soft iron armature 28 Or 29 the lever has an attractive surface or flat armatureportion which is indicated in the drawing by heavy lines. The cone of the conical armature 28 or 29 is more or less sharply pointed according to the desired sensitiveness and the attractive force available from the core 32 or 33 of a holding magnet 34 or 35. The said holding magnets areprovided for the purpose of fixing or holding the bell crank levers 26 and 27 in their positions and to damp their natural vibrations or any vibrations that they may be compelled to make. For this purpose there are mounted upon the longer limbs 38, 39 of horizontally arranged permanent horse shoe magnets 36, 37 the soft iron cores 32, 33 which are magnetically induced by the permanent magnets and positively or otherwise continuously adjustable in any suitable way as by manipulation of adjusting screws with milled heads 61, 62. The electromagnets 34 and 35 which are pushed on to the soft iron cores 32 and 33 and traversed by high power currents must naturally be of the same polarity as the magnetically induced iron core. Mounted on the shorter limb 40 or 41 of each permanent horse shoe tends at right angles to the magnet limb 40 or 41 and mounted upon the piece 42 or 43 at right angles thereto is a soft iron tube 46 or 47 divided and split if necessary and in which a solid soft iron core 48 or 49 like- Wise divided and split if necessary is adjustable as by manipulation of. an adjusting screw having a milled head 50 or 51 or in any other suitable manner. To enable the intensity of thefree magnetic masses" in the iron cores 32, 33 or 46, 48 and 47 49 to be regulated as may be desired, the levers or bars 57 and 58 made of soft iron and bearing upon the limbs of the horse shoe magnets 36 and 37 can be partially rotated as may be desired about thepivots 59 and 60 and thereby produce a magnetic short circuit of any desirable adjustable intensity. Upon the hollow soft iron cores 46 and 47 coils 44 and 45 are mounted which are traversed by the line currents, etc., which are supplied by means of conductors 53 and 55 from terminals 52 and 56. The high power current is supplied from a terminal 63 and flows over a conductor 64 through the coil 35, over a connecting wire 65, through the coil 34 and over a conductor 66 to a terminal 67 from which it flows over a conductor 68 running along the chamber standard to a passage 69 which is made of some well insulated material such assteatite, porcelain, glass, etc., and by which connection is made with the incandescentv resistance arranged in the chamber and which'is marked 4 in Fig. 1. From the incandescent resistance the current flows through a passage over a conductor 70 to the terminal 71 to which, as shown in Fig. 1 the choking coil 2 or the regulatingresistance 6 is connected up.

Instead of the arrangement just described exciting magnets constructed as shown in Fig. 4 may be employed. Referring to this figure, 97 indicates a completely closed iron frame of oblong form made of annealed iron or if necessary of dynamo sheet. 011 this frame are arranged two bell electromagnets 98' and 99 in lateral symmetry of the soft iron frame, that is to say one at each side located opposite the other. The cores 101 and 101 of these magnets each consist of a split softiron tube on to Which are drawn the two coil disks. The rear disk likewise consists of softfliron but the front one is of fiber. Between the two disks a fine well insulated copper Wire of from 800 to 1000 (eight hundred to one thousand) ohms resistance is wound and over the disks is drawn an alternately split soft iron acket or ' mantle 100 or 100 and an iron disk marked 108 in Fig. 5 is also pushed on the core 101 or 101 in front over the fiber disk. The iron disk 108 is in contact with the jacket 107 (Fig. 5) but is about 2 mm. (two millimeters) away from the split hollow soft iron core so that the fiber disk beneath is visible in a small annular strip marked 109 in Fig. 5; 110 in the same figure denotes the end of the hollow split iron core marked 101 or 101 in Fig. 4. Within the hollow core 101 or 101 is mounted a solid iron core 102 or 102 which may if necessary likewise be split and divided and which is adapted to be positively or otherwise continuously adjusted as by manipulation of an adjustable screw having a milled head 106 or 106 the end of such screw being denoted by 111 in Fig. 5. Thetwo electromagnets just described are connected from the terminals 101 and 105 with the line, etc., and are connected up in series with each other by a conductor 103,'in actual construction however they may be connected in parallel with each other. The two electromagnets act either directly upon the diaphragms of the chamber which consist entirely of iron or are provided with only a small iron armature and for the better reflection of the heat rays are silvered or nickeled on the corresponding side or, if they are of metal are polished to a brilliant surface; or the magnets may act upon the before mentioned attractive surfaces of the bell crank levers 26 and 27, the arniatures 28 and 29 of which are attracted by any adjustable fixing magnets traversed by the high power current. Rapid cooling down of the incandescent resistance itself can at the same time be effected by passing a current of any hydrocarbon or hydrogen gas through the chamber containing the resistance and igniting it on its exit therefrom by the aid of a heat resisting burner made of steatite for example or a. measured quantity of a suitable liquid hydrocarbon may be introduced at intervals by a dropping vessel whereby a vigorous cooling down and consequently also an intensified action is obtained. The heating wires themselves of the incandescent body can be protected from the direct flow of cooling medium by very fine meshed wire gauze.

Instead of the primary line a microphone may equally well be interposed and instead of the telephone or other receiving apparatus the secondary line may be connected up. In this way a microphonic transmitter is obtained which enables fluctuations of current of any desired intensity and tension to be sent into the line. Instead of the line any circuit of a wireless transmitting apparatus, such as a supply circuit, an oscillatory circuit or antennae may also be coupled to the present arrangement. By this means the numerous microphones connected in series or otherwise which also have to be cooled in some way or other are rendered superfluous. It is however possible not only to act upon the apparatus electromagnetically by means of a microphone but also directly acoustically by causing the waves taken up by a transmitter mouthpiece to act upon the elastic diaphragms directly or indirectly by acting upon the attractive surfaces of the bell crank levers.

Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating another scheme of connections embodying the well known VVheatstone bridge combination. In

one diagonal of the current rectangle of the placed an incandescent resistance 77. In'

order to increase the strength of the current and consequently also to increase the intensity of the current fluctuations a number of incandescent resistances may be connected up with each other in parallel because the fluctuations of the resistance in crease according to Joules law as the square of the current strengths A J W. Arranged in parallel with the incandescent resistances according to requirements is either a variable condenser 78 or in place thereof an adjustable resistance. In the other branch is inserted an incandescent lamp 79 of approximately the same resistance as the incandescent resistances of the adj cining branch, and in parallel withthe lamp 79 is in like manner a variable condenser 80 or in place thereof an adjustable resistance. The distributing point '76 is connected across the cut out 96 with the second current pole. The two other branches of the current rectangle are connected to each other by a suitable regulating resistance in order to enable them to be accurately equalized. Included in the diagonal bridge 82, 83 is a bipolar switch 84, 85, 86 which can be inserted in the contacts 87 and 88, which are short circuited by a sensitive galvanometer 89. in order to enable the resistances to be accurately equalized. If the switch be placed in the contacts 90 and 91 however any suitable receiving apparatus 94 is interposed with which a variable condenser 95 or a suitable adjustable resistance is con-- nected up in parallel. In order on the other hand to enable the resistance of the receiving apparatus to be accurately equalized with the resistance of the galvanometer an adjustable compensating resistance 92, 93 is interposed in the circuit.

The constructional details of arrangements according to this invention may obviously be still further varied in numerous ways and the drawings only represent examples of construction. In like manner the schemes of connection and the point at which the apparatus is placed in the circuit may also be varied in a variety of ways without departure from the invention in any way. When the coupling apparatus is placed in the oscillatory circuit the induction coil may also however be connected up in series with the condenser and in this way an adjustable oscillatory circuit is obtained which can be used everywhere where adjustable condensers are used.

The action of the improved telephone relay is as follows: As soon as the current fluctuations to be intensified, whatever be their origin, flow through the two exciting coils 14, 15, see Fig. 1, they produce an alternating magnetic field ,which acts, through the adjustable iron cores 48 and 49, Fig. 2, on the attractive surfaces of the longer lever arms 26 and 27 and by the shorter arms thereof sets the diaphragms 12 and 13 in similar vibrations. These-vibrations of the reflecting diaphragms reflect in the same rhythm the heat rays emittedby the incandescentbody 4 and thereby accumulate the heat of the incandescent resistance, the emission of heat from which falls more and more in the region of the radiation of the heat with increasing temperature. The thermal fluctuations of the incandescent body 4 cause fluctuations in the resistance and these latter cause fluctuations in the current. The choking coil 2 included in the circuit and its adjustable iron core 3 'prevent the undulatory currents produced from flowing through the source of current 1. The variable condenser 5 connected up in parallel with the incandescent resistance 4 intensifies the current fluctuations produced. The parallel oscillatory circuit consisting of the adjustable self-induction 10 and the variable capacity 11 interposed between the incandescent resistance 4 and the capacitative inductive coupling 7, likewise serves for intensification or more correctly for the regulation of the exciting damping to an optimum. The current fluctuations so intensified are then supplied, by a capacitative inductive coupling of the type described in the specification of my said copending application for U. S. patent Ser. No. 7 38304, included in the intensifying circuit, to any suitable receiving apparatus such as a telephone for example, or connected to a secondary line wire. Instead of the primary line wire the current fluctuations of which are transmitted to the high power wire of the relay circuit there may be inserted at a transmitting station for the purpose of transmitting symbols either with or without wires, a Morse key, a microphone or other transmitter the current variations of which flow through the exciting coil and through it act upon the incandescent resistances. Thus for example the sound waves of human speech may be transmitted by any kind of transmitting mouthpiece with a conducting sound waves propagated by any good conductor of sound such as a wlre, etc., directly to the diaphragm or to the bell crank lever. The improved relay arrangement serves therefore first for the intensification of the current undulations to be sent out and can then be usedbothin telegraphy and telephony with or without wires. In this-way it is possible to obtain with ordinary apparatus the advantages of the high power microphone so greatly desired in wireless telegraphy. If. intense resistance fluctuations in the high power circuit be produced in this way and favorable current conditions provided by an adjustable oscillatory circuit connected up in parallel, the current fluctuations so transmitted and intensified may be either transmitted, both at the transmitting and intermediate stations, to a line wire, or an antenna, or, at the receiving station, to any kind of receiving apparatus. For this purpose a capacitative-inductive coupling arrangement is included or interposed in the high power circuit. In the scheme of connections shown in Fig. 1 the induction coil 7 of the coupling arrange ment is inserted in the high power circuit, and the line wire or the receiving a paratus such as a telephone for examp e is connected with the condenser. In this arrangement one terminal of the condenser particularly in the case of strong current fluctuations at transmitting stations for example, may then be connected to earth. The same holds good in the insertion or interposition of the adjustable coupling arrangement in the high power circuit, and in such case one line wire can be spared. The grounding of one side of the condenser may be effected either directly or by means of a resistance without self-induction likewise grounded and connected up in parallel. In order to intensify the currents flowing through the induction coil 7 of the coupling arrangement, that is to say in order to develop pure oscillations, the induction coil may be associated with either a variable condenser 8 or an adjustable resistance connected up in parallel with it. For the same reason a variable condenser 5 is connected in parallel to the incandescent resistance 4, which condenser may under certain circumstances be replaced by an adjustable resistance.

In the arrangement diagrammatically indicated in Fig. 3 the action is as follows: In one branch of a Wheatstone bridge combination such as that shown at 77 for example, the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 is connected up with one or more incandescent resistances. In the adjoining branch of the Wheatstone bridge is placed an incandescent lamp 79, etc., of the same resistance. Parallel with the resistances and the lam or the like may with current by the battery 7 2 over the adjustable resistance 7 3 and the ampere meter 74. The bi-polar switch 86 should at the same time be connected to the knife contacts 87, 88, so that the galvanometer 89 will be switched into the bridge of the combination. The resistances 7 7 and the incandescent lamp 79 and the galvanometer 89 is then set to zero by the adjustment of the resistance 83. When this has been done no current flows through the bridge. The switch 86 is then thrown over and the receiving apparatus or the secondary line or an antenna, etc., is thereby connected up either directly or by means of a capacitative inductive coupling such as that described in my said U. S. specification Ser. No. 7 38304 all the diagrams of connection being likewise possible as described in the said specification. The adjustable or compensating resistance 92, 93 serves to protect the very sensitive receiving apparatus proper at the receiving station from currents that are too strong and for this purpose it must also be connected up in parallel with the apparatus. If now the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 2 and inserted at 77 in one branch of the combination be excited in any way say by direct speech vibrations for example or by the line currents, etc., strong resistance fluctuations will be set up in the circuit of the incandescent resistance, the equilibrium in the branches of the combination will be destroyed and strong current fluctuations will arise in the bridge which will excite the receiving apparatus, the line, etc., either directly or over a capacitative inductive coupling arrangement such as that described in my said U. S. specification Ser. No. 738,304.

I claim- 1. In a relay for weak alternating and undulating currents, a high power COIltlIllI.

ous current circuit, a resistance therein rendered incandescent by the current in said circuit, diaphragms between which said resistance is placed and means under the infiuence of said weak currents to vibrate the diaphragms in synchronism therewith and thereby cause said resistance to similarly vary.

2. In a relay for weak alternating and undulating currents, a high power continuous current circuit, a resistance rendered incandescent by the current in said circuit, a pair of polished diaphragms between which said resistance is located, and electro-magnets traversed by said weak currents and from which said diaphragms are actuated.

3. In a relay for weak alternating and undulating currents, a high power direct current circuit, a resistance in said circuit rendered incandescent by the passage of current therethrough, a diaphragm opposite each end of said resistance, electromagnets in series traversed by said weak currents and from which said diaphragms are influenced in synchronism with the variations 'ofsaid weak currents.

4. In a relay for weak currents, a high power direct current circuit, a resistance in said circuit rendered incandescent by the current passing therethrough, a chamber surrounding said resistance, diaphragms closing the ends of said chamber, cooling means for the chamber, and electro-magnets traversed by weak currents and from which said diaphragms are vibrated.

5. In a relay for weak currents, a high power direct current circuit, an incandescent resistance in said circuit having a large radiating surface, a diaphragm arranged in heat reflecting relation to said resistance and means responsive to variations of weak current to similarly cause the responsive vibration of said diaphragm.

6. In a relay for weak currents, a high power direct current circuit, an incandescent resistance therein, a chamber containing said resistance, heat conducting and radiating devices for said chamber, diaphragms closing the ends of said chamber and betweenwhich the. resistance is longitudinally arranged, means responsive to variations of weak currents and from which said diaphragms are vibrated, said chamber being fluid'cooled.

7. In a relay for weak currents, a high power direct current circuit, an incandescent resistance, diaphragms-between which said resistance is arranged, said diaphragms having both magnetic and heat-reflecting action with respect to said resistance, and means responsive to weak currents from which said diaphragms are vibrated.

8. In a relay for weak currents, a high power direct current circuit, a resistance in said circuit heated to incandescence by the current therein, a chamber surrounding said circuit, diaphragms constituting closing means for said chamber, means responsive to weak currents for vibrating said diaphragms, and means to maintain the resistance in an unstable state more readily responsive to heat vibrations.

9. In a relay for weak currents, a high power direct current circuit, an incandescent resistance and a damping magnet therein, a chamber in which said resistance is mounted, a diaphragm opposite said resistance having a lever arm within the field of said currents and arrange to vibrate said lever arm. a 10. In a relay for weak currents, a high power direct current. circuit, an incandescent resistance therein, a heat reflecting d1an said circult, and an electromagnet responsive to weak currents to vibrate the diaphragm.

phragm adjacent the resistance, a lever attached to the diaphragm, a air of electro magnets both having adjusta le cores, a permanent magnet whose magnetic circuit includes said cores, means for controlling the magnetiecircuit through'the cores, one of said magnets operatin to damp the vibrations of said lever inc uded in said circuit and the, other magnet being traversed byweak currents and arranged to vibrate said lever.

11. In a relay-for weak currents, a high power current circuit, an incandescent re-' sistance therein, a condenser in parallel with said resistance, a diaphragm adjacent the resistance and means responsive to weak currents to Vibrate said, diaphragm.

12. In a relay for weak currents, a high power circuit, an incandescent reslstanoe 'therein, a diaphragm adjacent the resistance,;a variab e, capacity in arallel with said resistance, a variable se f inductance 13. In a relay for weak currents, a high power circuit, a chokin coil and an adjustable self induction win ing included in said circuit on opposite sides of the source of current of said circuit an incandescent resistance also in said circuit, a diaphragm adjacent thereto and means responsive to weak currentsfor vibrating the diaphragm.

In testimony'that' I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

J OSEF SGHIESSLER.

Witnesses:

AUGUST FUGGER, ADA MINA BOGER.

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