US1161658A - Sewer construction. - Google Patents

Description

W. B. GRAY.

SEWER CONSTRUCTION. APPucMnoN men saw. 30. I914.

Patented Nov. 23, -1915.

7 lfI/VE/VTOR I v// /LL//i/w' 25. 6,6 2/ 5 26 -2 BY ATTORNEYS WILLIAM BEALL GRAY, 0F

LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY, ASSIGNOR TO MAB-TIN J. BANNON,

- 0F LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY.

-SEWER CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 23, 1915..

Application filed September 30, 1914. Serial No. 864,264.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM BEALL GRAY, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Louisville, in the county of J eflerson and State of Kentucky, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Sewer Constructions, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is an improvement in sewer constructions, and hasfor its object to provide a construction composed of individual units in the form of blocks or sections, wherein the blocks are so constructed and arranged that each block interlocks with all of the adjacent blocks to resist stress in any direction, but to especially resist crushing stress.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portion of an arch constructed in accordance with the invention and with parts in section, Fig. 2.is a side view ofone of. the individual blocks, and Fig. 3 is. an end view showing a modified arrangement of web.

In the present embodiment of the invention the arch, whether a conduit, sewer or other construction, is composed of a plurality of series of blocks, the members of one series differing from the members of the other series only in their transverse curvature.

The blocks are molded from plastic mate rial capable of hardening, as for instance, clay, concrete, cement, or the like. Two series of blocks are used,the blocks 1 of one of the series each having at each side edge ,a

. lateral extension 2, the said extensions be ing at the outer convex faces of the blocks. Each of the extensions 2 is of approximately half the thickness of the body of the block, and each extension is provided in its inner face with a longitudinally extending groove 3, forming on the said face at the outer edge of the extension a longitudinally extending rib 4:- The outer side wall of each groove is undercut as indicated at 5, so that the inner wall of the rib is undercut. Each block 1 is cellular or chambered for the sake of economy, lightness, and ventilation, this result being obtained in the present instance by providing in the body a pair of longitudinally extending openings 6 and'in each extension a longitudinally extendingopening 7, the said openingsextending the full length of the block. I

The blocks 8 of the other series have at and 8 are smooth and salt each side edge and at the concave or inner face a laterally extending extension 9, the said extension having a thlckness of approximately one-half that of the body. Each extenslon is grooved longitudinally on its outer face at the inner side thereof as indicated at 10, to form a longitudinally extending rib 11 at the outer side edge of the block, and the outer wall of each groove is undercut as shown at 12. The blocks of series 8 are also cellular or chambered, this result being obtained by providing longitudinally extending openings 13 in the body, and other openings 14 ln-the extensions. The inner and'outer faces of'the blocks 1 lazed, to make the said surfaces water proof and to provide insulation. The side faces of the blocks 1 and 8' and the outer side edges of the ex tensions 2 and 9, as well as the bottom of the grooves 3 and 10 and the undercut side walls 5 and 12 of the said grooves are preferably roughened or corrugated longitudinally in order to provide a better hold for the cementitious material 15, which is arranged between the blocks.

It will be evident from the description that each block in the above construction extends from the inner surface of the arch entirely through the wall to the outer surface. The ends of the blocks 1 and 8 may be plane, that is, the said ends may be perpendicular to the side faces, or the ends may be rabbeted as shown in Fig. 2. In this view each of the blocks 16 has the extensions 17 corresponding to the extensions 2 and 9 of the blocks 1 and 8, and the extensions are grooved in the same manner as the extensions 2 and 9. At its ends each block 16 is rabbeted at opposite faces as indicated at 18 and 19, the

rabbets being; of such depth that the ends of adjacent ocks will lap to form a lock joint. Each of the blocks 1 and 8 is curved transversely on an arc of the circle upon which the arch is formed. In the blocks 1, the lateral extensions are at the convex face of the block, while in the blocks 8 the lateral extensions are at the concave face of the block. The width of the grooves 3 with relation to the width of the ribs 11 depends upon whether or not a mortar lock is desired. If the mortar lock is desired, and this arrangement will permit the blocks to, be engaged directly by moving them laterally instead of indirectly by moving them longitudinally with respect to each other,

cross section of the grooves 3 correspond to the width and cross section of the grooves 10, and the same applies to the cross section of the ribs 4 and 11. l

In the improved arch construction the joints between the blocks are preferably broken, that is, the blocks are staggered with respect to each other in order to break joints. The blocks are laid in courses, and they are interlocked with each other,-by. movin them longitudinally with respect to each ot er, or laterally.

In the improved construction, each block extends entirely through the wall of the conduit, being built, that is, each block extends from the interior, of the conduit to the exterior. This arrangement permits a branch to be ut in in any single block at the factory. 1ft e branch is large, it is obvious that two blocks would need to be cut away, and webbed at the opening. If the opening is through a single block, the block is webbed at the opening.

If desired the blocks may be strengthened or reinforced by 'an additional web as shown in Fig. 3. In this construction the block 20 has the lateral extensions 21: In the present case, the extensions-are at the inner or concave surface of the block, but it is obvious that in the other series the extensions would be at the outer or convex face. Each extension is longitudinally grooved as shown at 22 to form the rib-23 at the outer side edge of the extension, and the outer wall of the groove is undercut as shown at 24.

It will be noticedthat thebody of the block is provided with a radial partition 25,

- and with a circumferential partition 26 intersecting the radial partition at the center of the body of the block. If the ends of the block shown in Fig. 3 were rabbeted over half the thickness of the block, the partition 26 would form a mortar bed. Were the rabbets off the center, other partitions 27 would be provided at the rabbet, to form the mortar bed. When a cylindrical construction is formed, the interlocking connection between the blocks is such as to resist stress in every direction. -Both the material of the blocks and the mortar must be crushed before the bond, the shape or the size of the cylinder could be changed.

In my co-pending application, Serial No. 864,262 filed Sept. 30, 1914, the wall is double, being composed of an inner or a lining portion and an outer or facing portion,

and the inner or lining portion may be laid before the outer or facing portion is laid Each block of the inner or outer Wall interlocks with the adjacent blocks of the said wall, and the blocks of the inner wall or portion interlock with the blocks of the outer wall or portion;

.In my co-pending application, Serial No. 864,263 filed Sept. 30, 1914, the wall is composed of a series of constructor blocks, which may be first laid and a series of key or lock blocks which may be afterward laid and which interlock themselves with the constructor blocks and interlock the constructor blocks with each other. Thus in the said last-named construction and in the construction forming the subject-matter of the present application, there are blocks extending entirely through the wall, while in the last-named ,application the blocks of the outer wall of each groove being under-cut to form'a rib at the outer side thereof, and the ribs and rooves interengaging, each groove being 0 greater width at its narrowest point than the rib it is to receive at its widest point,-and mortar between-adjacent faces of the blocks to form a mortar lock.

1 WILLIAM BEALL' GRAY.

Witnesses:

HENRY M. WOLTRING, JAMES L. RANEY.

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