US1160940A - Internal-combustion motor. - Google Patents

Description

C: MOMR TERNAL COMBUSTION MOTUR:

APPLICATION FlLEDMAR.2.1912.

m ma Nov.

cylinder.

CESARE MOMO, OF GENOA, ITALY.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION MOTOR.

Application filed March 2, 1912.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that L-Cnssnr. MoMo, a subject of the King of Italy, residing at Genoa, Italy, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Motors, of which the following is a specification;

f This invention relates to internal combustion engines and particularly to internal combustion engines of the four-cycle type.

An object of the invention is to provide anlengine of this character wherein the compression space may be varied by varying the distance of the crank shaft from the As the connection of the crank shaft and the piston is not variable in length, the variation of the distance between crank shaft and cylinder will result in\ a variation of the volume of the comprission chamber. vide an engine wherein the supply of explosive fluid to the compression chamber is regulated in accordance with the variation f the volume of the compression chamber, vhereby after an adjustment of the volum of the compression chamber at each operatlon of the engine a suitable adjustment of the suppl explosive fluid is effected.

Another object. or the invention is to provide a combustion engine wherein the bearings for the crank shaft are movably supported and are adapted to cause a suitable movement of a controlling member which regulates the quantities of explos1ve mlX- ture to be introduced in each operation,

said controlling mcmber influencing an ele-' ment which is adapted to time the opening and'closing actions of the admission valve.

With these and other obiects in view the in i'ention consists of certain novel details oi." construction and combination of parts described in the following specification and f illustratcl in the accompanying drawing.

In the drawing: Figure 1 is a longitudinal se "on through a one-cylinder engine of this d: Fig. 2 is an end view of said engine partly in section; Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the controlling member for timing the valve; Fig. 4 is a side elevation of said controlling member seen from the side opposite to that in vwhich it is shown Specification of Letters Patent.

nother object of the invention is to pro- Patented Nov. 16, 1915. Serial No. 681,170.

ceiving the valve controlling the inlet and exhaust of the explosive mixture. lhe crank shaft, shown at 11, is provided with an offset portion or crank, to which one end of the crank rod 15 is pivotally connected,

while the other end of the rod is in movable connection with the power piston 16, slidable within the cylinder 18. In the movement of the piston in direction-away from the crank shaft, the charge in the upper part of the cylinder 18 is compressed to a suitable degree and is then ignited by means which are not shown in the drawing.

The valve comprises a hollow conical body 20, which is rotatably mounted on the valve seat 19 and which is provided with suitable apertures 30, which, in the rotation of the valve-may be brought in and out of registration with apertures 31 .and 32, respectively; said last named apertures being located in the upper closing member for the cylinder 18. The stem 23 of the valve extends upwardly through the closing member for the cylinder. and is located in a sleeve 34: forming an extension to the valve bodv 20; said stem and sleeve being guided by a bearing 35 integral with the closing member of the cvlinder. The stem 23 and the sleeve 34 of the valve are rigidly connected with each other, and the sleeve is in fixed connection with an apertured boss 36 at the end of an arm 24. A spring 37, surrounding the bearing 35 and resting against the arm and the boss, serves for forcing the valve 20 spect to the apertures 31 and 32 of the power cylinder that a rotary step of a certain length in one direction will bring the interior of the cylinder, through the apertures of the valve and through the apertures31,

into connection with the port 21; While a rotary step of the valve of a different length in the same direction, or a rotary step of the valve in the opposite direction, will cause communication of the interior of the cylinder above the piston with the discharge port 22. This rotary movement is imparted to the valve by means of the arm 24 in combination with parts which will be described below. i

One end of the arm 24 is connected by means of the link 25 with an arm'26, which is rigidly mounted on the rod 27, said rod extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the engine and being supported by a bearing structure 28 near the upper .part and by a foot bearing 29, which forms a part of the engine casing. movement of said rod 27 about its longitudinal axis will also cause oscillatory movement of the arm 24:, and the movement of said arm is transmitted to the valve 20. The rod 27 is rocked about its longitudinal axis by means of a cam 10, which is mounted on the crank shaft and which rotates with the same. This rotary cam isprovided with grooves, which. are interconnected by portions intersecting said grooves; and a finger 33, connected by means of'the arm 31 with the rock shaft 27, Will'be moved forwardly and backwardly, in direction of the longitudinal axis of the crank shaft, when said finger passes from one groove to another groove. This cam groove is shown developed by the diagram given in Fig. 5. The various end points of the grooves are indicated in said development by-numerals 1, 2, 3, 5,6, and 7. The same numerals are applied to the end points of the grooves in Figs. 3 and 4:, and in the following may be found the description of the operation of the engine in its relationto the travel of I the finger in the grooves of the cam.

55 the piston traveling at the'same time in a- The term travel of the finger inthe grooves of the cam is to be understood rela-- tively. The cam is rigidly mounted'on thecrank shaft and rotates in the operation of the engine, while the distance of the finger from the piston remains unchanged. The finger travels only in a horizontal path; the cam, however. travels through a rotary path,

controlling thereby the horizontal movement of the finger; When this cam is rotated through an arc while the finger projects into the cam groove terminated by the points 1 and 2 respectively, the valve 20 is in such position that the suction aperture at the upper closure of the cylinder is in registration with an. aperture of the valve,

An oscillatory in the drawing).

direction away from the valve. During this period a fresh charge of explosive mixtureis therefore drawn by suction into the cylinder. hen the cam has rotated so far that the finger is at the point 2 of the cam, this finger is shifted, owing to the inclination of,

the cam groove between the points 2 and 3,

and this shifting of the finger-causes the valve to rotate on its seat. and to close there 1 3 and 5, said groove being indicated in the diagram of Fig. 5 by the reference character 4:. The position of the finger while traveleling' through this portion of the cam is such that the valve is in closing position, both of the ports at the upper end of the cylinder being closed. During the rotation of the. cam through this are (which may have a length of approximately 360), the compression ofv the mixture in the space above the piston takesplace. The piston,

therefore, must travel, in this part of the cycle, toward the end of the cylinder at which. the valve is-located, although during a por tion of this period the piston must still con tinue to travel away from said cylinder end.,. I he travel of the piston aWay from this cyllnder end 18 due -to the explosion of the mixtime, which is then compressed above the cylinder; .in o'ther words, the power stroke of the piston takes place while the finger is passing through the cam groove After, the completion-of the compression namely, the compressed charge isignited within the cylinder by some suitable means not shown Owing to the inclination of the cam groove portion between the, points 5 "and. 6.-

with respect to the cam groove portionbetween the points 3 and 5, the finger connected i. i

with thefvalve rod 27 is shifted again,"'c aus-. ing said valve rodto oscillate, and impart. ing thereby a rotary'stemmovement to. the" valve at the upper-end ofzthe cylinder. ;-T-his rotary step will bring the valve into a posie tion in which-the; exhaust aperture of the one or more apertures of the valve. The

piston, now [traveling in direction toward cylinder is brought into registration with with the passagev of the finger throughthe.

groove terminated by the points 6 and 7,

and after thefingerhas'jarrived at the point 7, the piston also has arrived at the. upper end of its stroke, Between thepoints 7 and 1 of the groovethe finger.'ishifted again, causing a rotary displacementof the valve on its seat and bringing again the .suction aperture of the cylind r or Inlet portfor the explosive mixture into registration with the suitable aperture on the valve. The piston then travels away from the valve, explosive mixture is drawn intov the cylinder, and the cycle of operation begins anew.

It is obvious from the above description that the various periods of suction, compression, explosion, and exhaust are dependent in their length or duration on the length of time during which the finger 33 is in engagement with the various groove portions of the cam. If the groove portion between the points 1 and 2 is extended, the suction period also will be extended and the compression period will be shortened. The length of the groove portion between 1 and 2 is not the same at different distances from the center of the cam. By reference to Fig. 4 it will be noted that near the bottom of the groove the point 2 is located at a certain distance from the point 1 shown in Fig. 3. The point 2', at'the surface of the cam and terminating the groove 1, 2, if measured on the upper surface of the same, is located at a distance from the point 1 which is longer than the distance between the points 1 and 2. If, therefore, the finger 33 is guided by the top edge of the groove portion 1, 2, it will enter the inclined portion 2, 3 of the groove at a later point of time than if this finger would be controlled by the bottom of the groove. If, therefore, the cam is moved into a position in which the finger 33 is influenced by the top edge of the groove, and is shifted after the point 2 has arrived in opposition to the finger, the

period of suction as defined by the distance between the point 1 of the groove and the point 2' of the same will be longer than if the finger would be riding at the bottom of the groove and would be shifted from its original position after the point 2 of the groove has arrived in opposition to the finger.

If the cam is moved into such position Witha'espect to the finger 33 that the finger is influenced by the top edge of the groove extending between the points 1 and 2", the shifting of said finger takes place, asstated above, at a time later, relatively spoken, than if the finger would be controlled by the bottom edge of the groove. The suction pe riod, therefore. is extended and the compression period begins at a later point. This point is indicated in the development of the cam as shown in Fig. 5 and in the elevation of the cam as shown in Fig.4 at 3". From the development of Fig. 5 and from Fig. 4 it is apparent that the end point of the combined compression and ignition period is not variable. no matter what therelative position of the cam with respect to the finger 33. If. therefore, the suction period is prolongated by shifting of the cam with respect to the finger, the compression is mounted, in a direction toward the cylinder 18. If the crank shaft is shifted in this direction, it isobvious that the space remaining in the compression period be tween the top end of the piston and the top end of the cylinder will be reduced. This reduction of the compression space there fore takes place in causal connection with the timely extension of the suction period; The extension of the suction period naturally will lead to an increase in the amount of explosive mixture drawn in. If, therefore, the suction period is extended to draw in a larger quantity of explosive mixture, the compression following the suction will be increased as the compression space is reduced by the shifting of the crank shaft. The increase in the compression again will cause a larger output, measured in horse powers, of the motor, so that the construction described will render the following conditions possible. If it is desired to increase the load on the motor, the crank shaft, and thereby also the cam, is shifted of the periods of rest between successive movements of the valve. This variation, which effects the length of the suction period, is always in a predetermined proportion to the alteration effected in the volume of the compression chamber. The last named alteration, however, is directly de pendent on the position of the crank shaft with respect to the cylinder.

ig he crank shaft is movably supported by means of bearings (indicated at 7), which form part of eccentrics 12, rotatably mounted within suitable apertures 13 of the casing 14. By rotation of th'e eccentrics within said apertures of the casing, the distance of the crank shaft may be varied; in the drawing it is shown as being approximately the maximum distance obtainable from the cylinder. The variation of the position of these eccentrics to move them closer to the cylinder or farther away from it may be effected by means of rods 9. which may be connected by-some suitable manipulating device (not shown in the drawing), or

groove 4, as-indicated in Fig. 5.

which may be connected with other elements the position of which varies directly in pro portion to the load on the motor whereby, upon the increase of the load, the volume of the compression chamber may be decreased automatically. These devices, however, are not illustrated in the drawing as adjusted position by means of 'dash pot arrangements, which are not shown in Fig. 1, and which, according to Fig. 2, comprise a dash pot 40, pivotally suspended from a fixed point of the casing 14-. A piston 41, slidable within said dash pot, is in pivotal connection with the frame 8, which connects the eccentric bearings. A spring 42, resting against the bottom of the dash pot and the piston, forces said piston outwardly, and this tendency of the spring is counteracted by the fluid within the dash pot. No claim, however, is made to this arrangement, as other means may be provided for holdin the eccentric bearings in their adjusted position and for preventing the same from being moved by the strains which are exerted on said bearings through the crank shaft in the reciprocating motion of the piston.

While, according to Figs. 4 and 5, the maximum of extension of the suction period obtainable is determined by the location of the point 2" with respect to the point 2, it

is obvious that intermediate these two positions an adjustment .of the bearings may be had whereby the finger may leave the groove at any point between the points- 2 and 2". By way of example, two of these positions'are indicated in Fig. 5 by the reference characters 2 and 2". In accordance therewith the compression period is' suitably shortened, as indicated by the terminal points and 3" of the. compression The ad justment of the duration of these periods is effected by adjustments of the crank shaft intermediate the maximum and minimu. distances of the crank shaft from the cylinder.

Claims:

1. In an engine of the character described a cylinder, a piston adapted to draw peri-v odically by suction an explosive mixture into the cylinder, a crank shaft connected with said piston, means for varying the distance of said crank shaft from said cylinder, and. means for varying the length of the succrank shaft, said bearings having a variable,

distance from the cylinder, and means mounted on the crank shaft for varying the length of the suction period in accordance with the variation ofthe distance of the bearings from the cylinder.

3. In anengine of the character described the combination of a cylinder, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder, a valve controlling the periods of flow of explosive fluid into said cylinder, a crank shaft for connecting with the piston, bearings for the crank shaft movable toward and away from the cylinder, and means on the crank shaft for causing variations in the periods of rest between movements of'said valve, in accordance with the variation of the distance of said bearings from the cylinder.

4. In an engine of the character described the combination of a cylinder, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder, a. valve controlling the admission of explosive fluid to the cylinder above the piston, means for imparting periodically a rotary movement to said valve, means for'yarying the compression space within said cylinder and means dependent in their position upon the positionof the said means for varying the compression space for timing variably periods of rest of said valve.

l In an engine of the character described the combination of a cylinder, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder, a crank shaft connected with the piston, a controlling member on said crank shaft, means for va rying the distance of the crank shaft from said cvlinder, a valve controlling the admission of explosive fluid tothe cylinder, means for imparting, a rotary movement 'to said valve, said last named means having a fixed distance from said cylinder, and being associated with said controlling member having a variable distance from the cylinder.

6. In an engine of the character described the combination of a cylinder, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder, a crank shaft tions adapted to cause a. variation in the du-' 3. v

ration of said rotary movement of the Valve,

substantially as described.

7. In an engine of the character described the Combination of a cylinder, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder, a crank shaft connected with the piston, eccentric bearings for the crank shaft, a rotary cam rigidly mounted on the crank shaft, said cam being provided with a plurality of grooves,

means for imparting rotary motion to said valve periodically, said means being congrooves, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I aifiXed the signa- V ture in presence of two Witnesses.

CESARE MOMO.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Pat nts, I I

' Washington, D. C.

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