US11603346B2 - Polyethylene glycol derivative and use thereof - Google Patents

Polyethylene glycol derivative and use thereof Download PDF

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US11603346B2
US11603346B2 US16/082,737 US201716082737A US11603346B2 US 11603346 B2 US11603346 B2 US 11603346B2 US 201716082737 A US201716082737 A US 201716082737A US 11603346 B2 US11603346 B2 US 11603346B2
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polyethylene glycol
compound
peptide
physiologically active
active polypeptide
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Dae Jin Kim
Jong Soo Lee
Sung Min Bae
Se Chang Kwon
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Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C47/00—Compounds having —CHO groups
    • C07C47/02—Saturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to hydrogen
    • C07C47/198—Saturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to hydrogen containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/18—Growth factors; Growth regulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
    • A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
    • A61K47/60—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C233/02—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having nitrogen atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals
    • C07C233/04—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having nitrogen atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
    • C07C233/05—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having nitrogen atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton having the nitrogen atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C233/16—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
    • C07C233/17—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
    • C07C233/18—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon atom of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
    • C07C237/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C237/04—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
    • C07C323/10—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C323/11—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C323/12—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
    • C07C323/22—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
    • C07C323/23—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C323/39—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton at least one of the nitrogen atoms being part of any of the groups, X being a hetero atom, Y being any atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/62—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
    • C07D213/70—Sulfur atoms
    • C07D213/71—Sulfur atoms to which a second hetero atom is attached

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to polyethylene glycol derivatives and uses thereof.
  • PEG Polyethylene glycol
  • PEG is widely used from the aspect of protein therapeutics because PEG can bind to protein therapeutics and thereby increase their blood half-life while reducing their antigenicity. Additionally, it was reported that PEGylation, which refers to the covalent linking of PEG molecules to proteins, can improve the stability of protein therapeutics (Cantin et al., Am. J. 27: 659-665 (2002)).
  • the conventional PEG compounds are known to have, as reactive groups, aldehyde, succinimidyl, maleimide, vinylsulfone, halogenated acetamide, or ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), etc.
  • the conventionally-used PEG compounds have an inconvenience in that although they have a reactive group at their ends, their reactivity varies due to the structures of the PEG compounds.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a polyethylene glycol, a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a physiologically active polypeptide to which a polyethylene glycol compound is attached, including reacting the polyethylene glycol compound with a physiologically active polypeptide.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a conjugate in which a physiologically active polypeptide and a carrier protein are linked by a polyethylene glycol compound.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a physiologically active polypeptide to which the polyethylene glycol compound is attached.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a conjugate in which each of a physiologically active polypeptide and a carrier protein is independently attached to reactive groups at both ends of the polyethylene glycol compound.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the polyethylene glycol compound.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a use of the polyethylene glycol compound for linking a carrier, which is capable of increasing an in vivo half-life of a physiologically active polypeptide, to a physiologically active polypeptide.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a composition containing the physiologically active polypeptide to which the polyethylene glycol compound is attached or the conjugate.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a polyethylene glycol compound linker for linking a carrier, which is capable of increasing an in vivo half-life of a physiologically active polypeptide, to a physiologically active polypeptide.
  • An aspect of the present invention provides a polyethylene glycol compound, a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the compound is a compound represented by Formula 1 below:
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of 2,5-dioxopyrrolidinyl, 2,5-dioxopyrrolyl, aldehyde, maleimide, C 6-20 aryl disulfide, C 5-20 heteroaryl disulfide, vinyl sulfone, thiol, halogenated acetamide, succinimide, p-nitrophenyl carbonate, and derivatives thereof;
  • each of L 1 to L 3 is independently a linear or branched C 1-6 alkylene
  • R 2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen
  • n is an integer of 10 to 2400.
  • R 2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide, thiol, or iodine.
  • R 1 is aldehyde
  • R 1 and R 2 have mutually different functional groups.
  • the compound is represented by Formula 2 below: CHO—(CH 2 ) j —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) n —H(CH 2 ) m —NH(CO)—(CH 2 ) k —R 2 [Formula 2]
  • n is an integer of 10 to 2400;
  • each of j, m, and k is independently an integer of 1 to 6;
  • R 2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen.
  • OPSS ortho-pyridyl disulfide
  • the compound is selected from the group consisting of Formulas 3 to 11:
  • n is an integer of 10 to 2400.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a physiologically active polypeptide to which a polyethylene glycol compound is attached, which includes reacting a polyethylene glycol compound with a physiologically active polypeptide to prepare a physiologically active polypeptide to which a polyethylene glycol compound is attached.
  • ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen located at R 2 reacts with a thiol group located at the cysteine residue of the physiologically active polypeptide.
  • the method further includes purifying the physiologically active polypeptide to which a polyethylene glycol compound is attached.
  • the physiologically active polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of hormones, cytokines, enzymes, antibodies, growth factors, transcription factors, blood factors, vaccines, insulinotropic peptides, neuropeptides, pituitary hormones, anti-obesity peptides, antiviral peptides, non-native peptide derivatives having a physiological activity, structural proteins, ligand proteins, and receptors.
  • the physiologically active polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of glucagon; insulin; somatostatin; peptide YY (PYY); neuropeptide Y (NPY); glucagon-like peptides including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2); exendin-3; exendin-4; oxyntomodulin; peptides having an activity on glucagon receptors, GLP-1 receptors, and GIP receptors; fibroblast growth factor; ghrelin; angiotensin; bradykinin; calcitonin; corticotropin; eledoisin; gastrin; leptin; oxytocin; vasopressin; luteinizing hormone; luteotropin; follicle-stimulating hormone; parathyroid hormone; secretin; sermorelin; human growth hormone (hGH); growth hormone-releasing peptides; granul
  • Still another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a conjugate, in which a physiologically active polypeptide and a carrier protein are linked by a polyethylene glycol compound.
  • the method includes:
  • step (b) reacting the polyethylene glycol compound prepared in step (a) above, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide or carrier protein is attached to one end of the polyethylene glycol compound and the other end of the polyethylene glycol compound has a reactive end group, with the other one between the physiologically active polypeptide or carrier protein, so as to link the carrier protein or physiologically active polypeptide to the reactive end group of the polyethylene glycol compound, thereby preparing a conjugate in which the physiologically active polypeptide and the carrier protein are linked by a polyethylene glycol compound.
  • the method includes:
  • step (b) reacting the polyethylene glycol compound prepared in step (a) above, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide is attached to one end of the polyethylene glycol compound and the other end of the polyethylene glycol compound has a reactive end group, with a carrier protein, so as to link the carrier protein to the reactive end group of the polyethylene glycol compound.
  • the physiologically active polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of hormones, cytokines, enzymes, antibodies, growth factors, transcription factors, blood factors, vaccines, insulinotropic peptides, neuropeptides, pituitary hormones, anti-obesity peptides, antiviral peptides, non-native peptide derivatives having a physiological activity, structural proteins, ligand proteins, and receptors.
  • the polyethylene glycol compound in step (a) has the structure of Formula 1 above.
  • step (a) of the method is characterized in that R 2 of the polyethylene glycol compound having the structure of Formula 1 above is reacted with a thiol group located at the cysteine residue of the physiologically active polypeptide.
  • step (b) of the method is characterized in that an aldehyde end group of the polyethylene glycol compound is reacted with an amine group of an immunoglobulin Fc fragment.
  • the method further includes purifying the conjugate, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide and the carrier protein are linked by a polyethylene glycol compound.
  • the carrier protein is albumin and a fragment thereof, a polymer of a repeating unit of a particular amino acid sequence, antibody, an antibody fragment, an FcRn-binding material, fibronectin, transferrin, saccharide, or elastin.
  • the FcRn-binding material is an immunoglobulin Fc fragment.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention provides a physiologically active polypeptide to which the polyethylene glycol compound is attached.
  • the physiologically active polypeptide to which the above compound is attached, includes the structure represented by any one of Formulas 15 to 17 below: R 1 -L 1 -O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) n -L 2 -NH(CO)-L 3 -S—S—X [Formula 15] R 1 -L 1 -O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) n -L 2 -NH(CO)—CH 2 —S—X [Formula 16] X—NHCH 2 -L 1 -O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) n -L 2 -NH(CO)-L 3 -R 2 [Formula 17]
  • R 1 is selected from 2,5-dioxopyrrolidinyl, 2,5-dioxopyrrolyl, aldehyde, maleimide, C 6-20 aryl disulfide, C 5-20 heteroaryl disulfide, vinyl sulfone, thiol, halogenated acetamide, succinimide, p-nitrophenyl carbonate, and derivatives thereof;
  • each of L 1 to L 3 is independently a linear or branched C 1-6 alkylene
  • n is an integer of 10 to 2400;
  • R 2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen
  • X is a physiologically active polypeptide moiety.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention provides a conjugate, wherein each of a physiologically active polypeptide and a carrier protein is independently attached to reactive groups at both ends of the polyethylene glycol compound.
  • the conjugate is a conjugate having the structure represented by Formula 18 or 19 below: Y—NHCH 2 -L 1 -O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) n -L 2 -NH(CO)-L 3 -S—S—X [Formula 18] Y—NHCH 2 -L 1 -O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) n -L 2 -NH(CO)—CH 2 —S—X [Formula 19]
  • each of L 1 to L 3 is independently a linear or branched C 1-6 alkylene
  • n is an integer of 10 to 2400
  • X is a physiologically active polypeptide moiety
  • Y is a carrier protein moiety.
  • the carrier protein is albumin and a fragment thereof, a polymer of a repeating unit of a particular amino acid sequence, antibody, an antibody fragment, an FcRn-binding material, fibronectin, transferrin, saccharide, or elastin.
  • the FcRn-binding material is an immunoglobulin Fc fragment.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the polyethylene glycol compound.
  • the method includes:
  • R 1 selected from the group consisting of 2,5-dioxopyrrolidinyl, 2,5-dioxopyrrolyl, aldehyde, maleimide, C 6-20 aryl disulfide, C 5-20 heteroaryl disulfide, vinyl sulfone, thiol, halogenated acetamide, succinimide, p-nitrophenyl carbonate, and derivatives thereof, to one end of a polyethylene glycol; and
  • the method includes:
  • n′ is n or n+1;
  • L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , n, and R 2 are the same as described above.
  • the compound represented by Formula 20 of the first step is prepared by reacting the compound represented by Formula 23 below with methanesulfonyl chloride:
  • the first step is performed by reacting the compound represented by Formula 20 with an aqueous ammonia solution and ammonium chloride.
  • the first step includes:
  • step 1-1 which is to react a compound represented by Formula 20 with hydroxyalkyl tetrahydropyranyl ether, thereby preparing a compound represented by Formula 24;
  • step 1-2 which is to react a compound represented by Formula 24 with p-toluenesulfonic acid, thereby substituting the tetrahydropyranyloxy group at an end thereof with a hydroxy group;
  • step 1-3 which is to react the compound obtained in step 1-2 with methanesulfonyl chloride, thereby substituting the hydroxy group with a methanesulfonic acid group;
  • step 1-4 which is to react the compound obtained in step 1-3 with an aqueous ammonia solution and ammonium chloride.
  • the second step is performed by reacting a compound represented by Formula 21 with a compound represented by Formula 25:
  • the second step includes: reacting a compound represented by Formula 21 with chloro(C 2-7 alkanoyl) chloride, thereby synthesizing a compound comprising a chloro group at an end thereof, which is represented by Formula 26 below, as an intermediate product; and
  • Still another aspect of the present invention provides a use of the polyethylene glycol compound for linking a carrier, which is capable of increasing an in vivo half-life of a physiologically active polypeptide, to a physiologically active polypeptide.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention provides a composition containing a physiologically active polypeptide to which the polyethylene glycol compound is attached or the conjugate.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention provides a linker for linking a carrier capable of increasing an in vivo half-life of a physiologically active polypeptide to a physiologically active polypeptide, wherein the linker includes a polyethylene glycol compound, a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the polyethylene glycol derivatives of the present invention have advantages in that they include desired reactive end groups at an end thereof, and at the same time, they can easily react with target materials (e.g., proteins) to be linked thereto. Accordingly, the polyethylene glycol derivatives of the present invention can be effectively used in the field of manufacturing medicaments with regard to conjugated drugs such as protein conjugates, etc.
  • target materials e.g., proteins
  • FIGS. 1 a and 1 b show exemplary embodiments of novel polyethylene glycol compounds of the present invention, illustrating the chemical structures of the compounds having an aldehyde group and an ortho-pyridyl disulfide group (linkers #1, #4, and #7), 2) the chemical structures of the compounds having an aldehyde group and an iodoacetamide group or iodine group (linkers #2, #5, and #8), and 3) the chemical structures of the compounds having an aldehyde group and a sulfhydryl group (linkers #3, #6, and #9).
  • linkers #10 to #12 correspond to comparative groups.
  • FIG. 2 shows the result of nuclear magnetic resonance (hereinafter, NMR) analysis confirming linker #1 after its preparation.
  • FIG. 3 shows the result of reversed phase chromatography (hereinafter, RPC) analysis of linker #1 after its preparation.
  • FIG. 4 shows the result of NMR analysis confirming linker #2 after its preparation.
  • FIG. 5 shows the result of RPC analysis of linker #2 after its preparation.
  • FIG. 6 shows the result of NMR analysis confirming linker #3 after its preparation.
  • FIG. 7 shows the result of RPC analysis of linker #3 after its preparation.
  • FIG. 8 shows the result of NMR analysis confirming linker #5 after its preparation.
  • FIG. 9 shows the result of RPC analysis of linker #5 after its preparation.
  • FIG. 10 shows the result of MALDI-TOF analysis of the molecular weight of linker #5 after its preparation.
  • FIG. 11 shows the result of RPC analysis of linker #7 after its preparation.
  • FIG. 12 shows the result of NMR analysis confirming linker #8 after its preparation.
  • FIG. 13 shows the result of RPC analysis of linker #8 after its preparation.
  • FIG. 14 shows the result of MALDI-TOF analysis of the molecular weight of linker #8 after its preparation.
  • FIG. 15 shows the result of RPC analysis of linker #9 after its preparation.
  • FIG. 16 shows the result of NMR analysis confirming linker #11 after its preparation.
  • FIG. 17 shows the result of RPC analysis of linker #11 after its preparation.
  • FIG. 18 shows the results of comparative experiments with regard to the reactivity of the thiol reactive groups of the polyethylene glycol compounds according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 19 to 21 show the results of SDS-PAGE analyses with regard to the conjugates of triple agonist-PEG-Fc prepared using the polyethylene glycol compounds according to the present invention as a linker, in which FIG. 19 shows the result of SDS-PAGE analysis using linker #7 according to the present invention, FIG. 20 using linker #8, and FIG. 21 using linker #9, respectively.
  • An aspect of the present invention provides a polyethylene glycol compound, a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • polyethylene glycol compound refers to a compound including the structure of a polyethylene glycol, [—(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n —]. More specifically, in the present invention, the polyethylene glycol compound may include two reactive end groups.
  • the two or more reactive end groups present in the polyethylene glycol compound may be the same or different with each other.
  • the polyethylene glycol compound may be a heterofunctional linker that acts on mutually different reactive end groups.
  • one end of the compound may have a functionality on the amine group while the other end may have a functionality on the thiol group, but the polyethylene glycol compounds are not particularly limited thereto.
  • polyethylene glycol compound may be used as a linker for linking a carrier to a physiologically active polypeptide. Accordingly, one end of the polyethylene glycol compound, which has two or more reactive end groups, may be linked to a physiologically active polypeptide while the other end of the polyethylene glycol compound may be linked to a carrier.
  • polyethylene glycol compound and polyethylene glycol derivatives may be used interchangeably in the present invention.
  • the polyethylene glycol compound according to the present invention may be one which includes the structure of —NHCO— between a thiol reactive group and the structure of a polyethylene glycol as shown below.
  • the compound may be a compound represented by Formula 1 below:
  • R 1 is selected from 2,5-dioxopyrrolidinyl, 2,5-dioxopyrrolyl, aldehyde, maleimide, C 6-20 aryl disulfide, C 5-20 heteroaryl disulfide, vinyl sulfone, thiol, halogenated acetamide, succinimide, p-nitrophenyl carbonate, and derivatives thereof;
  • each of L 1 to L 3 is independently a linear or branched C 1-6 alkylene
  • R 2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen
  • n is an integer of 10 to 2400.
  • R 2 may be ortho-pyridyl disulfide, thiol, F, Br, Cl, or I, and more specifically, ortho-pyridyl disulfide or I, but is not particularly limited thereto.
  • R 1 may be aldehyde, but is not particularly limited thereto.
  • R 1 may be a succinimide derivative, and the kinds of the succinimide derivative may include succinimidyl propionate, hydroxy succinimidyl, succinimidyl carboxymethyl, and succinimidyl carbonate, but are not particularly limited thereto.
  • the compound may be heterofunctional, acting on mutually different reactive end groups, and specifically, R 1 and R 2 may have mutually different functional groups, but the compound is not particularly limited thereto.
  • R 1 may be aldehyde and R 2 may be ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen, but the compound is not particularly limited thereto.
  • OPSS ortho-pyridyl disulfide
  • thiol thiol
  • halogen but the compound is not particularly limited thereto.
  • each of L 1 to L 3 may be independently a linear or branched C 1-6 alkylene, and more specifically, C 1-4 alkylene, but is not particularly limited thereto.
  • L 1 may be an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6
  • L 2 may be an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6
  • L 3 may be an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
  • L 2 may be 2, 4, or 6, whereas L 1 and L 3 may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
  • R 1 -L 1 - may be alkyl aldehyde, e.g., C 2-6 alkyl aldehyde, and specifically, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, etc., but is not particularly limited thereto.
  • the polyethylene glycol compound of the present invention may have a molecular weight of about 100 dalton to about 110,000 dalton, specifically about 400 dalton to about 110,000 dalton, more specifically about 1,000 dalton to about 100,000 dalton, and even more specifically about 1,000 dalton to about 20,000 dalton, but is not particularly limited thereto.
  • n may be an integer of 10 to 2400, and specifically an integer of 20 to 460, but is not particularly limited thereto.
  • the compound may be a compound represented by Formula 2 below: CHO(CH 2 ) j —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) n —(CH 2 )CH n —(C m —NH(CO)—(CH 2 ) k —R 2 [Formula 2]
  • n is an integer of 10 to 2400
  • each of j, m, and k is independently an integer of 1 to 6, and
  • R 2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide, thiol, or halogen.
  • n may be an integer of 10 to 2400, and even more specifically an integer of 20 to 460, but is not particularly limited thereto.
  • each of j, m, and k may be independently an integer of 1 to 6, and specifically an integer of 1 to 4.
  • j may be an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6
  • m may be an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6
  • k may be an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
  • R 2 may be ortho-pyridyl disulfide, thiol, or halogen; specifically ortho-pyridyl disulfide, thiol, or F, Br, Cl, or I; and more specifically ortho-pyridyl disulfide or I, but is not particularly limited thereto.
  • the compound may be a compound selected from Formulas 6 to 11 below.
  • n is the same as defined above.
  • the compound represented by Formula 6 was named as linker #4; the compound represented by Formula 7 was named as linker #5; the compound represented by Formula 8 was named as linker #6; the compound represented by Formula 9 was named as linker #7; the compound represented by Formula 10 was named as linker #8; and the compound represented by Formula 11 was named as linker #9, respectively.
  • the compounds belonging to Formula 1 above can exhibit a higher reactivity to a thiol group compared to the above compound which do not include —NHCO— structure. Therefore, the compounds belonging to Formula 1 above can be effectively used for attaching to materials including a thiol group.
  • the compound may specifically have any one structure selected from Formulas 3 to 5 below:
  • n is the same as defined above.
  • the compound may be present in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • a salt an acid addition salt formed by a pharmaceutically acceptable free acid is useful.
  • the kind of the salt is not particularly limited.
  • the salt is preferably one that is safe and effective to a subject, e.g., a mammal, but is not particularly limited thereto.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable refers to a material which can be effectively used for the intended use within the scope of pharmaco-medical decision without inducing excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic responses, etc.
  • the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a salt derived from pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic acids, organic acids, or bases.
  • suitable salts may include hydrochloric acid, bromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, phosphoric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, toluene-p-sulfonic acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, methanesulfonic acid, formic acid, benzoic acid, malonic acid, naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, etc.
  • the salts derived from suitable bases may include alkali metals such as sodium, potassium, etc.; alkali earth metals such as magnesium; ammonium, etc.
  • Acid addition salts may be prepared by a conventional method, for example, a method of dissolving a compound in an excess aqueous acid solution followed by precipitating the resulting salt using a water-miscible organic solvent (e.g., methanol, ethanol, acetone, or acetonitrile).
  • a water-miscible organic solvent e.g., methanol, ethanol, acetone, or acetonitrile.
  • An equimolar amount of the compound and the acid or alcohol in water e.g., glycol monomethyl ether
  • the mixture may be evaporated and dried or the educed salt may be subjected to suction filtration.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable metal salt may be prepared using a base.
  • An alkali metal salt or alkali earth metal salt may be prepared, for example, by dissolving a compound in an excess amount of an alkali metal hydroxide or alkali earth metal hydroxide solution, filtering the non-dissolved compound salt, and evaporating the filtrate, followed by drying.
  • the compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is a concept which includes solvates that can be prepared therefrom.
  • solvate refers to a complex which is formed between the compound according to the present invention or a salt thereof and a solvent molecule.
  • the compound of the present invention when the compound of the present invention has an asymmetric carbon center in its substituent, the compound may exist as an (R) or (S) isomer, a racemate, a mixture of a diastereomer, and an individual diastereomer, and all of these isomers and mixtures thereof belong to the scope of the present invention.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a physiologically active polypeptide to which a polyethylene glycol compound is attached, which includes reacting a polyethylene glycol compound with a physiologically active polypeptide to prepare a physiologically active polypeptide to which a polyethylene glycol compound is attached.
  • the polyethylene glycol compounds are the same as explained above.
  • the above method may include linking any one of the reactive end groups, which are located at both ends of the polyethylene glycol compound, to a physiologically active polypeptide. More specifically, the reactive end group located at R 1 may be linked to the physiologically active polypeptide; or the reactive end group located at R 2 may be linked to the physiologically active polypeptide, but the method is not limited thereto.
  • the method may include reacting ortho-pyridyl disulfide, thiol, or halogen, which are located at R 2 , with a thiol group located at the cysteine residue of the physiologically active polypeptide, but the method is not limited thereto.
  • the reaction between the polyethylene glycol compound and physiologically active polypeptide may be appropriately determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, in consideration of the characteristics of the reactive end group of polyethylene glycol compound and the characteristics of the reactive groups of the physiologically active polypeptide, to which polyethylene glycol compound is to be linked.
  • reaction may be performed in the presence of a citrate buffer or HEPES buffer or an organic solvent such as C 1-6 alcohol, but is not particularly limited thereto.
  • the method may further include purifying the physiologically active polypeptide to which a polyethylene glycol compound is attached.
  • any known method in the art may be used without limitation, and specifically chromatography may be used, but the purification method is not particularly limited thereto.
  • physiologically active polypeptide refers to a concept including peptides or proteins capable of exhibiting physiological activities, and preferably refers to materials whose physiological activities are to be exhibited in a subject.
  • the physiologically active polypeptide is to be selected from the group consisting of hormones, cytokines, enzymes, antibodies, growth factors, transcription factors, blood factors, vaccines, insulinotropic peptides, neuropeptides, pituitary hormones, anti-obesity peptides, antiviral peptides, non-native peptide derivatives having a physiological activity, structural proteins, ligand proteins, and receptors.
  • physiologically active polypeptide may include GLP-1 receptor agonist, leptin receptor agonist, DPP-IV inhibitor, Y5 receptor antagonist, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) receptor antagonist, Y2/3 receptor agonist, MC3/4 receptor agonist, gastric/pancreatic lipase inhibitor, 5HT2c agonist, ⁇ 3A receptor agonist, amylin receptor agonist, ghrelin antagonist, ghrelin receptor antagonist, etc., but are not particularly limited thereto.
  • physiologically active polypeptide may be a peptide which includes the amino acid sequence represented by the sequences below, or essentially consists of the sequences thereof, or consists of the sequences thereof.
  • the peptide may have an activity on glucagon receptors, GLP-1 receptors, and GIP receptors, and these peptides are named as triple agonists.
  • Xaa1 is histidine, 4-imidazoacetyl, or tyrosine,
  • Xaa2 is glycine, ⁇ -methyl-glutamic acid, or Aib,
  • Xaa3 is glutamic acid or glutamine
  • Xaa7 is threonine or isoleucine
  • Xaa10 is leucine, tyrosine, lysine, cysteine, or valine,
  • Xaa12 is lysine, serine, or isoleucine
  • Xaa13 is glutamine, tyrosine, alanine, or cysteine,
  • Xaa14 is leucine, methionine, or tyrosine
  • Xaa15 is cysteine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, or leucine
  • Xaa16 is glycine, glutamic acid, or serine,
  • Xaa17 is glutamine, arginine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, cysteine, or lysine,
  • Xaa18 is alanine, glutamine, arginine, or histidine
  • Xaa19 is alanine, glutamine, cysteine, or valine
  • Xaa20 is lysine, glutamine, or arginine
  • Xaa21 is glutamic acid, glutamine, leucine, cysteine, or aspartic acid,
  • Xaa23 is isoleucine or valine
  • Xaa24 is alanine, glutamine, cysteine, asparagine, aspartic acid, or glutamic acid,
  • Xaa27 is valine, leucine, lysine, or methionine
  • Xaa28 is cysteine, lysine, alanine, asparagine, or aspartic acid
  • Xaa29 is cysteine, glycine, glutamine, threonine, glutamic acid, or histidine,
  • Xaa30 is cysteine, glycine, lysine, or histidine, or is absent, and
  • R 1 is cysteine, GKKNDWKHNIT (SEQ ID NO: 104), m-SSGAPPPS-n (SEQ ID NO: 105), or m-SSGQPPPS-n (SEQ ID NO: 106), or is absent,
  • m is -Cys-, -Pro-, or -Gly-Pro-, and
  • n is -Cys-, -Gly-, -Ser-, or -His-Gly-, or is absent.
  • triple agonists may include a peptide including the amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 102, but are not particularly limited thereto.
  • the physiologically active polypeptide may be selected from selected from the group consisting of glucagon; insulin; somatostatin; peptide YY (PYY); neuropeptide Y (NPY); glucagon-like peptides including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2); exendin-3; exendin-4; oxyntomodulin; peptides having an activity on glucagon receptors, GLP-1 receptors, and GIP receptors; fibroblast growth factor; ghrelin; angiotensin; bradykinin; calcitonin; corticotropin; eledoisin; gastrin; leptin; oxytocin; vasopressin; luteinizing hormone; luteotropin; follicle-stimulating hormone; parathyroid hormone; secretin; sermorelin; human growth hormone (hGH); growth hormone-releasing peptides; granulocyte
  • Still another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a conjugate, in which a physiologically active polypeptide and a carrier protein are linked by a polyethylene glycol compound.
  • physiologically active polypeptide and polyethylene glycol compound are the same as explained above.
  • the method may include:
  • step (b) reacting the polyethylene glycol compound prepared in step (a) above, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide or carrier protein is attached to one end of the polyethylene glycol compound and the other end of the polyethylene glycol compound has a reactive end group, with the other one of the physiologically active polypeptide or carrier protein, so as to link the carrier protein or physiologically active polypeptide to the reactive end group of the polyethylene glycol compound, thereby preparing a conjugate in which the physiologically active polypeptide and the carrier protein are linked by a polyethylene glycol compound.
  • the method may include:
  • step (b) reacting the polyethylene glycol compound prepared in step (a) above, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide is attached to one end of the polyethylene glycol compound and the other end of the polyethylene glycol compound has a reactive end group, with a carrier protein, so as to link the carrier protein to the reactive end group of the polyethylene glycol compound.
  • the polyethylene glycol compound in step (a) may have a structure of Formula 1 below.
  • R 1 is aldehyde
  • each of L 1 to L 3 is independently a linear or branched C 1-6 alkylene
  • R 2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen
  • n is an integer of 10 to 2400.
  • the reaction between the polyethylene glycol compound and the physiologically active polypeptide may include a reaction between the R 2 of the polyethylene glycol compound with the thiol group located at the cysteine residue of the physiologically active polypeptide
  • the reaction between the polyethylene glycol compound and the carrier protein may include a reaction between the aldehyde end group of the polyethylene glycol compound and the amine group of the carrier protein, although the reactions are not particularly limited thereto.
  • step (a) may be reacting R 2 of the polyethylene glycol compound having the structure of Formula 1 above with the thiol group located at the cysteine residue of the physiologically active polypeptide, whereas step (b) may be reacting the aldehyde end group of the polyethylene glycol compound with the amine group of the carrier protein.
  • the reaction between the polyethylene glycol compound and the physiologically active polypeptide or the carrier protein may be appropriately determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, in consideration of the characteristics of the reactive groups of the polyethylene glycol compound and the characteristics of the reactive groups of the physiologically active polypeptide or the carrier protein, to which the polyethylene glycol compound is to be linked.
  • the PEGylation reaction may be performed in the presence of an appropriate buffer such as citrate buffer or HEPES or an organic solvent such as C 1-6 alcohol, but the buffer and the solvent are not particularly limited thereto.
  • an appropriate buffer such as citrate buffer or HEPES or an organic solvent such as C 1-6 alcohol, but the buffer and the solvent are not particularly limited thereto.
  • the aldehyde reactive group selectively reacts with the amino terminal in a low pH condition, and may form a covalent bond with a lysine residue in a high pH condition, (e.g., pH 9.0).
  • the carrier protein may be a material which is linked to the physiologically active polypeptide by the polyethylene glycol compound for the purpose of increasing the in vivo half-life of the physiologically active polypeptide.
  • the carrier protein may be albumin and a fragment thereof, a polymer of a repeating unit of a particular amino acid sequence, antibody, an antibody fragment, an FcRn-binding material, fibronectin, transferrin, saccharide, or elastin, and the FcRn-binding material may be an immunoglobulin Fc fragment, but is not particularly limited thereto.
  • the end aldehyde group of the polyethylene glycol compound may be one which reacts with the amine group of an immunoglobulin Fc fragment, and specifically the amine group of the N-terminus, but is not particularly limited thereto.
  • immunoglobulin Fc region refers to a region including the heavy chain constant region 2 (CH2) and/or the heavy chain constant region 3 (CH3), excluding the heavy chain and light chain variable regions of an immunoglobulin.
  • the immunoglobulin Fc region may be one constitution that establishes a moiety of a protein conjugate of the present invention.
  • the immunoglobulin Fc region may include a hinge region in the heavy chain constant region, but is not limited thereto. Additionally, the immunoglobulin Fc region of the present invention may be an extended Fc region including a part or the entirety of the heavy chain constant region 1 (CH1) and/or the light chain constant region 1 (CL1), excluding the heavy chain and the light chain variable regions of the immunoglobulin, as long as the immunoglobulin Fc region has an effect substantially the same as or improved compared to the native type. Additionally, the immunoglobulin Fc region of the present invention may be a region in which a fairly long part of the amino acid sequence corresponding to CH2 and/or CH3 is removed.
  • the immunoglobulin Fc region of the present invention may be 1) a CH1 domain, a CH2 domain, a CH3 domain, and a CH4 domain; 2) a CH1 domain and a CH2 domain; 3) a CH1 domain and a CH3 domain; 4) a CH2 domain and a CH3 domain; 5) a combination between one or two or more domains among a CH1 domain, a CH2 domain, a CH3 domain, and a CH4 domain and an immunoglobulin hinge region (or a part of the hinge region); and 6) a dimer between each domain of the heavy chain constant region and the light chain constant region, but is not limited thereto.
  • the immunoglobulin Fc region may be in a dimeric form and one molecule of X may be covalently linked to one Fc region in a dimer form, where the immunoglobulin Fc and X may be linked to each other by a polyethylene glycol compound.
  • two molecules of X are symmetrically linked to one Fc region in a dimeric form, where the immunoglobulin Fc and X may be linked to each other by a polyethylene glycol compound.
  • the linkage is not limited thereto.
  • the immunoglobulin Fc region of the present invention not only includes a native amino acid sequence but also a sequence derivative thereof.
  • An amino acid sequence derivative refers to an amino acid sequence which has a difference in at least one amino acid residue due to deletion, insertion, non-conservative or conservative substitution, or a combination thereof.
  • amino acid residues at positions 214 to 238, 297 to 299, 318 to 322, or 327 to 331, which are known to be important in the conjugation of an immunoglobulin Fc may be used as suitable sites for modification.
  • a deletion may occur in a complement-binding site, such as a C1q-binding site and an antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) site.
  • ADCC antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
  • Fc derivatives show a biological activity identical to that of the Fc region of the present invention and they may have improved structural stability against heat, pH, etc.
  • the immunoglobulin Fc region may be obtained from native forms isolated in vivo from humans or animals such as cows, goats, pigs, mice, rabbits, hamsters, rats, guinea pigs, etc., or may be recombinants or derivatives thereof obtained from transformed animal cells or microorganisms.
  • the Fc region may be obtained from a native immunoglobulin by isolating a whole immunoglobulin from a living human or animal body and treating the isolated immunoglobulin with protease.
  • a human-derived Fc region is a recombinant immunoglobulin Fc region obtained from a microorganism.
  • the immunoglobulin Fc region may be in the form of a natural glycan, increased or decreased glycan compared to the natural type, or in a deglycosylated form.
  • the increase, decrease, or removal of the immunoglobulin Fc glycan may be achieved by conventional methods such as a chemical method, enzymatic method, and genetic engineering method using a microorganism.
  • the immunoglobulin Fc region obtained by removal of a glycan from the Fc region shows a significant decrease in binding affinity to the C1q part and a decrease or loss in antibody-dependent cytotoxicity or complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and thus it does not induce unnecessary immune responses in vivo.
  • an immunoglobulin Fc region in a deglycosylated or aglycosylated immunoglobulin Fc region may be a more suitable form to meet the original object of the present invention as a drug carrier.
  • deglycosylation refers to enzymatically removing sugar moieties from an Fc region
  • amino acid sequence refers to an unglycosylated Fc region produced in prokaryotes, in a more specific embodiment, E. coli.
  • the immunoglobulin Fc region may be derived from humans or other animals including cows, goats, pigs, mice, rabbits, hamsters, rats, and guinea pigs. In a more specific embodiment, it is of human origin.
  • the immunoglobulin (Ig) Fc region may be derived from IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgM, or a combination or hybrid thereof. In a more specific embodiment, it is derived from IgG or IgM, which are among the most abundant proteins in human blood, and in an even more specific embodiment, it is derived from IgG, which is known to enhance the half-lives of ligand-binding proteins. In a yet even more specific embodiment, the immunoglobulin Fc region is an IgG4 Fc region, and in the most specific embodiment, the IgG4 Fc region is an aglycosylated Fc region derived from human IgG4, but is not limited thereto.
  • the term “combination” means that polypeptides encoding single-chain immunoglobulin Fc regions of the same origin are linked to a single-chain polypeptide of a different origin to form a dimer or multimer. That is, a dimer or multimer may be formed from two or more fragments selected from the group consisting of IgG Fc, IgA Fc, IgM Fc, IgD Fc, and IgE Fc fragments.
  • the above method may further include purifying a conjugate, in which a physiologically active polypeptide and a carrier protein are linked by a polyethylene glycol compound.
  • any known method in the art may be used without limitation, and specifically chromatography may be used, but the purification method is not particularly limited thereto.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention provides a physiologically active polypeptide, to which the polyethylene glycol compound is attached.
  • polyethylene glycol compound and physiologically active polypeptide are the same as explained above.
  • the physiologically active polypeptide may be one which includes the structure represented by any of Formulas 15 to 17: R 1 -L 1 -O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) n -L 2 -NH(CO)-L 3 -S—S—X [Formula 15] R 1 -L 1 -O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) n -L 2 -NH(CO)—CH 2 —S—X [Formula 16] X—NHCH 2 -L 1 -O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) n -L 2 -NH(CO)-L 3 -R 2 [Formula 17]
  • R 1 is selected from 2,5-dioxopyrrolidinyl, 2,5-dioxopyrrolyl, aldehyde, maleimide, C 6-20 aryl disulfide, C 5-20 heteroaryl disulfide, vinyl sulfone, thiol, halogenated acetamide, succinimide, p-nitrophenyl carbonate, and derivatives thereof;
  • each of L 1 to L 3 is independently a linear or branched C 1-6 alkylene
  • n is an integer of 10 to 2400;
  • R 2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen
  • X corresponds to a physiologically active polypeptide moiety.
  • the “—S—S—X” in Formula 15 above may be a structure formed by the reaction between the thiol group located at X and the ortho-pyridyl disulfide or thiol group; and the “—CH 2 —S—X” in Formula 16 may be a structure formed by the reaction between the thiol group located at X and a halogen, and specifically iodoacetamide (IA); and the “X—NHCH 2 —” in Formula 16 may be a structure formed by the reaction between the amine group located at X and an aldehyde group through reductive alkylation, but the structures are not particularly limited thereto.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention provides a conjugate, in which each of a physiologically active polypeptide and a carrier protein is independently attached to reactive groups at both ends of the polyethylene glycol compound.
  • polyethylene glycol compound physiologically active polypeptide, and carrier protein are the same as explained above.
  • the conjugate has a structure represented by Formula 18 or 19 below: Y—NHCH 2 -L 1 -O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) n -L 2 -NH(CO)-L 3 -S—S—X [Formula 18] Y—NHCH 2 -L 1 -O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) n -L 2 -NH(CO)—CH 2 —S—X [Formula 19]
  • each of L 1 to L 3 is independently a linear or branched C 1-6 alkylene
  • n is an integer of 10 to 2400;
  • X is a physiologically active polypeptide moiety
  • Y is a carrier protein moiety.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the polyethylene glycol compound.
  • the polyethylene glycol compound is the same as explained above.
  • the method may include:
  • R 1 selected from the group consisting of 2,5-dioxopyrrolidinyl, 2,5-dioxopyrrolyl, aldehyde, maleimide, C 6-20 aryl disulfide, C 5-20 heteroaryl disulfide, vinyl sulfone, thiol, halogenated acetamide, succinimide, p-nitrophenyl carbonate, and derivatives thereof, to one end of a polyethylene glycol; and
  • the method may include:
  • n′ is n or n+1;
  • L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , n, and R 2 are the same as described above.
  • n′ may be n+1.
  • the compound represented by Formula 20 of the first step may be one which is prepared by reacting the compound represented by Formula 23 with methanesulfonyl chloride:
  • the first step may be performed by reacting the compound represented by Formula 20 with an aqueous ammonia solution and ammonium chloride.
  • the method may include:
  • step 1-1 which is to react a compound represented by Formula 20 with hydroxyalkyl tetrahydropyranyl ether, thereby preparing a compound represented by Formula 24;
  • step 1-2 which is to react a compound represented by Formula 24 with p-toluenesulfonic acid, thereby substituting the tetrahydropyranyloxy group at an end thereof with a hydroxy group;
  • step 1-3 which is to react the compound obtained in step 1-2 with methanesulfonyl chloride, thereby substituting the hydroxy group with a methanesulfonic acid group;
  • step 1-4 which is to react the compound obtained in step 1-3 with an aqueous ammonia solution and ammonium chloride:
  • step 1-1 may be performed in the presence of potassium t-pentoxide.
  • the second step may be performed by reacting a compound represented by Formula 21 with a compound represented by Formula 25.
  • the second step may be performed by reacting a compound represented by Formula 21 with chloro(C 2 to C 7 alkanoyl) chloride, thereby synthesizing a compound comprising a chloro group at an end thereof, which is represented by Formula 26 below, as an intermediate product; and reacting the compound represented by Formula 26 with a halogen metal salt in the presence or absence of hydrogen sulfide, thereby converting the chloro group into thiol or halogen.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention provides a use of the polyethylene glycol compound for linking a carrier, which is capable of increasing an in vivo half-life of a physiologically active polypeptide, to a physiologically active polypeptide.
  • physiologically active polypeptide, carrier, and polyethylene glycol compound are the same as explained above.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention provides a composition containing a physiologically active polypeptide to which the polyethylene glycol compound is attached or the conjugate.
  • physiologically active polypeptide, conjugate, and polyethylene glycol compound are the same as explained above.
  • the composition may be a pharmaceutically acceptable composition and may contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may include, for oral administration, a binder, a lubricant, a disintegrant, an excipient, a solubilizing agent, a dispersant, a stabilizing agent, a suspending agent, a coloring agent, a flavoring agent, etc.; for injections, a buffering agent, a preserving agent, an analgesic, a solubilizing agent, an isotonic agent, a stabilizing agent, etc., which may be combined for use; and for topical administrations, a base, an excipient, a lubricant, a preserving agent, etc.
  • the formulation type of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be prepared variously by combining with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier described above.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier described above.
  • the composition may be formulated into tablets, troches, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, wafers, etc.
  • the composition may be formulated into unit-dose ampoules or multi-dose forms.
  • the composition may also be formulated into solutions, suspensions, tablets, pills, capsules, sustained-release formulations, etc.
  • suitable carriers, excipients, and diluents may include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, maltitol, starch, acacia rubber, alginate, gelatin, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, cellulose, methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, water, methyl hydroxybenzoate, propyl hydroxybenzoate, talc, magnesium stearate, mineral oil, etc. Additionally, the composition may further contain a filler, an anti-coagulant, a lubricant, a humectant, a flavoring agent, a preserving agent, etc.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention provides a polyethylene glycol compound linker for linking a carrier, which is capable of increasing an in vivo half-life of a physiologically active polypeptide, to a physiologically active polypeptide.
  • physiologically active polypeptide, carrier, and polyethylene glycol compound are the same as explained above.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be synthesized by a series of reactions represented by Reaction Scheme below.
  • Reaction Scheme the Formulas below are merely illustrative examples of the methods for preparing the compounds of the present invention, and thus the compounds of the present invention should not be limited by these methods and the preparation of these compounds may be prepared by a method known in the art or may be performed after an appropriate modification thereof.
  • the concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes.
  • the thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 2.
  • Toluene and Compound No. 10 are added into a reaction container. After adding potassium t-pentoxide thereto, the mixture is heated to about 50° C. and stirred at 50° C. for 1 hour (an activation solution). Compound No. 2 and toluene are added into another container. The activation solution is cooled to room temperature and added dropwise to the mixed solution at 30° C. for 1 hour. After stirring at 30° C. for 3 hours, water is added to the reaction solution and the extraction is performed. After separation of layers, dichloromethane is added to the resulting aqueous layer and the mixture is extracted. Dichloromethane is again added to the aqueous layer and the mixture is extracted once more.
  • the concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes.
  • the thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 5.
  • Dimethylformamide and Compound No. 5 are added into a reaction container. After heating the mixture to about 30° C., potassium thioacetate is added thereto and stirred at 30° C. for 5 hours. After cooling the mixture to room temperature, dichloromethane and water are added thereto and extracted. After separation of layers, the resulting aqueous layer is re-extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layers extracted after the separation of layers are combined and washed with a 20% sodium chloride aqueous solution. After the separation of layers, sodium sulfate is added to the organic layer and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 5 minutes.
  • the thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 6.
  • the concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 5 minutes.
  • the thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 7.
  • Toluene and Compound No. 12 are added into a reaction container. After adding potassium t-pentoxide thereto, the mixture is heated to about 50° C. and stirred at 50° C. for 1 hour (an activation solution). Compound No. 2 and toluene are added into another container. The activation solution is cooled to room temperature and added dropwise to the mixed solution at 30° C. for 1 hour. After stirring the mixture at 30° C. for 3 hours, water is added to the reaction solution and extraction is performed. After separation of layers, dichloromethane is added to the aqueous layer and extracted. Dichloromethane is again added to the aqueous layer and the mixture is extracted once more.
  • the concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes.
  • the thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 15.
  • Acetone and Compound No. 15 are added into a reaction container. After heating the mixture to 30° C., potassium iodide is added thereto, and heated to about 50° C. and stirred at 50° C. for 15 hours.
  • the reaction solution is concentrated under reduced pressure and washed with dichloromethane and water. After separation of layers, the resulting organic layer is washed again with water. After the separation of layers, sodium sulfate is added to the organic layer and stirred for 30 minutes.
  • the mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether (30 mL) is added dropwise thereto for 5 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 16.
  • Dimethylformamide and Compound No. 15 are added into a container. After heating the mixture to about 30° C., potassium thioacetate is added thereto and stirred at 30° C. for 5 hours. After cooling the mixture to room temperature, dichloromethane and water are added thereto and the extraction is performed. After separation of layers, the resulting aqueous layer is re-extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layers extracted after the separation of layers are combined and washed with a 20% sodium chloride aqueous solution. After the separation of layers, sodium sulfate is added to the organic layer and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 5 minutes.
  • the thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 18.
  • reaction solution is adjusted to pH 1.0 by adding a 1 N HCl solution dropwise thereto. After stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, the reaction solution is adjusted to pH 6 to 7 using a 5% sodium bicarbonate solution. After neutralization, dichloromethane is added thereto and the extraction is performed. After separation of layers, the aqueous layer is re-extracted with dichloromethane (5 mL). The organic layers extracted after the separation of layers are combined and sodium sulfate is added thereto and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 5 minutes.
  • the thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 20.
  • aqueous ammonia solution and ammonium chloride are added into a reaction container.
  • Compound No. 5 is added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 4 days.
  • Dichloromethane is added thereto and stirred for 5 minutes.
  • dichloromethane is again added to the resulting aqueous layer and the extraction is performed once more.
  • the organic layers are combined, washed with distilled water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes.
  • the thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 21.
  • aqueous ammonia solution and ammonium chloride are added into a reaction container.
  • Compound No. 5 is added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 4 days.
  • Dichloromethane is added thereto and the organic layer is extracted therefrom and dichloromethane is again added and the extraction is performed once more.
  • the organic layers are combined, washed with distilled water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 27.
  • the concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 5 minutes.
  • the thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 28.
  • the present inventors have prepared polyethylene glycol derivatives in which desired reactive groups are introduced at both ends thereof.
  • the methods for preparing the derivatives are described in Reaction Examples 1 to 25.
  • heterofunctional PEG compounds in which a propionaldehyde group is added to one end of the polyethylene glycol backbone while ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), iodoacetamide (IA), an iodine group, or sulfhydryl group (SH—) is added to the other end, were prepared [ FIG. 1 ].
  • OPSS ortho-pyridyl disulfide
  • IA iodoacetamide
  • SH— sulfhydryl group
  • Linker #1 pALD-PEG-Ortho-Pyridyl Disulfide
  • n is an integer of 200 to 300.
  • the molecular weight of the thus-prepared polyethylene glycol linker was about 10 kDa, and its structure was confirmed by NMR analysis. The purity was confirmed to be about 80% by RPC analysis.
  • n is an integer of 200 to 300.
  • the molecular weight of the thus-prepared polyethylene glycol linker was about 10 kDa, and its structure was confirmed by NMR analysis. The purity was confirmed to be about 87% by RPC analysis.
  • n is an integer of 200 to 300.
  • the molecular weight of the thus-prepared polyethylene glycol linker was about 10 kDa, and its structure was confirmed by NMR analysis. The purity was confirmed to be about 76% by RPC analysis.
  • n is an integer of 200 to 300.
  • the molecular weight of the thus-prepared polyethylene glycol linker was about 10 kDa, and its structure was confirmed by NMR analysis. The purity was confirmed to be about 88% by RPC analysis.
  • n is an integer of 200 to 300.
  • the molecular weight of the thus-prepared polyethylene glycol linker was about 10 kDa, and the purity was confirmed to be about 81% by RPC analysis.
  • n is an integer of 200 to 300.
  • the molecular weight of the thus-prepared polyethylene glycol linker was about 10 kDa, and its structure was confirmed by NMR analysis. The purity was confirmed to be about 78% by RPC analysis.
  • n is an integer of 200 to 300.
  • the molecular weight of the thus-prepared polyethylene glycol linker was about 10 kDa, and the purity was confirmed to be about 76% by RPC analysis.
  • Linker #11 pALD-PEG-Iodide (Comparative Example)
  • n is an integer of 200 to 300.
  • the molecular weight of the thus-prepared polyethylene glycol linker was about 10 kDa, and its structure was confirmed by NMR analysis. The purity was confirmed to be about 89% RPC analysis.
  • a conjugate was prepared using a triple agonist peptide, GLP-1/Glucagon/GIP, as a representative physiologically active peptide.
  • the triple agonist peptide consists of 30 amino acids and it corresponds to a peptide including a cysteine residue. Accordingly, the triple agonist peptide was used for the comparison of reactivity of the thiol reactive group of the polyethylene glycol derivatives according to the present invention.
  • linkers #2, #3, #5, #8, #9, and #11 having a molecular weight of about 10K (10,000 Da) were used as polyethylene glycol derivatives.
  • linkers #3 and #9 correspond to 10K pALD-PEG-SH (PEG which has a propionaldehyde group and a sulfhydryl group at each end)
  • linker #9 is characterized in that it has an amide structure in front of a thiol reactive group, unlike linker #3.
  • linkers #2, #5, #8, and #11 correspond to 10K pALD-PEG-I (PEG which has a propionaldehyde group and an iodine group at each end), linkers #5 and #8 are characterized in that they have an amide structure in front of a thiol reactive group, unlike linkers #2 and #11.
  • the PEG which is characterized by having an having an amide structure in front of the thiol group has superior reactivity to the PEG which does not have an amide structure in front of the thiol group.
  • Example 3 Preparation of a Conjugate Between a Physiologically Active Polypeptide and an Immunoglobulin Fc Using a Novel Polyethylene Glycol Derivative
  • linker #7 having a molecular weight of about 10K (10,000 Da) was used as the polyethylene glycol derivative.
  • linker #7 corresponds to pALD-PEG-OPSS with a molecular weight of about 10K (PEG which has a propionaldehyde group and ortho-pyridyl disulfide group at each end).
  • PEG which has a propionaldehyde group and ortho-pyridyl disulfide group at each end.
  • the peptide and PEG were reacted at a molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:3 with a reaction concentration of 1 mg/mL or 3 mg/mL at room temperature for about 2 hours.
  • the reaction was performed in the presence of 50 mM sodium citrate (pH 3.0 to pH 5.0) or 50 mM Tris (pH 8.0) and 60% isopropanol.
  • linkers #8, and #9 having a molecular weight of about 10K were used as polyethylene glycol derivatives.
  • linker #8 corresponds to 10K pALD-PEG-IA with a molecular weight of about 10K (PEG which has a propionaldehyde group and iodoacetamide (IA) at each end)
  • linker #9 corresponds to 10K pALD-PEG-SH with a molecular weight of about 10K (PEG which has a propionaldehyde group and a sulfhydryl group at each end).
  • the PEGylation reaction was performed in the same condition as in Example 2 and the reaction solution was purified using the SP-HP (GE Healthcare, USA) column which utilized a buffer containing sodium citrate (pH 3.0) and a 45% EtOH and KCl concentration gradient.
  • the purified mono-PEGylated peptide and immunoglobulin Fc were reacted at a molar ratio of 1:5 with the total protein concentration of 20 mg/mL at 4° C. for 15 hours.
  • 20% isopropanol and 20 mM sodium cyanoborohydride, as a reducing agent were added to 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer as the reaction solution.
  • the reaction solution was applied to a Source 15Q (GE Healthcare, USA) column using a NaCl concentration gradient in a Bis-Tris (pH 6.5) buffer and then applied to a Source ISO (GE Healthcare, USA) column using a concentration gradient of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and Tris (pH 7.5) buffer, and thereby the triple agonist-10K PEG-IgFc conjugate was purified.
  • the purity of the thus-prepared conjugate sample was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis, and the molecular weight of the conjugate of the triple agonist and PEG was confirmed.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to polyethylene glycol derivatives and use thereof.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a National Stage of International Application No. PCT/KR2017/002469 filed Mar. 7, 2017, claiming priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2016-0027317 filed Mar. 7, 2016.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to polyethylene glycol derivatives and uses thereof.
BACKGROUND ART
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a material which has a high in vivo half-life but does not have antigenicity. PEG is a representative biocompatible material which is widely used pharmaceutically when bound to various physiologically active materials such as lipids, proteins, etc., and studies on the pharmaceutical use of PEG itself are underway.
In particular, PEG is widely used from the aspect of protein therapeutics because PEG can bind to protein therapeutics and thereby increase their blood half-life while reducing their antigenicity. Additionally, it was reported that PEGylation, which refers to the covalent linking of PEG molecules to proteins, can improve the stability of protein therapeutics (Cantin et al., Am. J. 27: 659-665 (2002)).
Meanwhile, during the manufacturing process, improving the manufacturing yield of these medicaments while maintaining the activities of the medicament requires sophisticated manufacturing technology. Accordingly, continuous studies have been made to develop methods for manufacturing protein therapeutics including PEG and the PEG used therein.
In preparing a physiologically active polypeptide conjugate using PEG, the present inventors used PEG having at least two reactive groups as a linker (Korean Patent Application Publication No. 10-2014-0018462).
The conventional PEG compounds are known to have, as reactive groups, aldehyde, succinimidyl, maleimide, vinylsulfone, halogenated acetamide, or ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), etc.
However, the conventionally-used PEG compounds have an inconvenience in that although they have a reactive group at their ends, their reactivity varies due to the structures of the PEG compounds.
Accordingly, there has been a need for the development of a novel polyethylene glycol derivative which not only includes reactive groups capable of binding to target materials but also more easily reacts with these materials.
DISCLOSURE Technical Problem
An object of the present invention is to provide a polyethylene glycol, a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a physiologically active polypeptide to which a polyethylene glycol compound is attached, including reacting the polyethylene glycol compound with a physiologically active polypeptide.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a conjugate in which a physiologically active polypeptide and a carrier protein are linked by a polyethylene glycol compound.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a physiologically active polypeptide to which the polyethylene glycol compound is attached.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a conjugate in which each of a physiologically active polypeptide and a carrier protein is independently attached to reactive groups at both ends of the polyethylene glycol compound.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the polyethylene glycol compound.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a use of the polyethylene glycol compound for linking a carrier, which is capable of increasing an in vivo half-life of a physiologically active polypeptide, to a physiologically active polypeptide.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a composition containing the physiologically active polypeptide to which the polyethylene glycol compound is attached or the conjugate.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a polyethylene glycol compound linker for linking a carrier, which is capable of increasing an in vivo half-life of a physiologically active polypeptide, to a physiologically active polypeptide.
Technical Solution
An aspect of the present invention provides a polyethylene glycol compound, a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a specific embodiment, the compound is a compound represented by Formula 1 below:
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00001
wherein, in Formula 1 above,
R1 is selected from the group consisting of 2,5-dioxopyrrolidinyl, 2,5-dioxopyrrolyl, aldehyde, maleimide, C6-20 aryl disulfide, C5-20 heteroaryl disulfide, vinyl sulfone, thiol, halogenated acetamide, succinimide, p-nitrophenyl carbonate, and derivatives thereof;
each of L1 to L3 is independently a linear or branched C1-6 alkylene;
R2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen; and
n is an integer of 10 to 2400.
In another specific embodiment, R2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide, thiol, or iodine.
In still another specific embodiment, R1 is aldehyde.
In still another specific embodiment, R1 and R2 have mutually different functional groups.
In still another specific embodiment, the compound is represented by Formula 2 below:
CHO—(CH2)j—O—(CH2CH2O)n—H(CH2)m—NH(CO)—(CH2)k—R2  [Formula 2]
wherein, in Formula 2 above;
n is an integer of 10 to 2400;
each of j, m, and k is independently an integer of 1 to 6; and
R2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen.
In still another specific embodiment, the compound is selected from the group consisting of Formulas 3 to 11:
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00002
In Formulas 3 to 11, n is an integer of 10 to 2400.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a physiologically active polypeptide to which a polyethylene glycol compound is attached, which includes reacting a polyethylene glycol compound with a physiologically active polypeptide to prepare a physiologically active polypeptide to which a polyethylene glycol compound is attached.
In a specific embodiment of the method, ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen located at R2 reacts with a thiol group located at the cysteine residue of the physiologically active polypeptide.
In another specific embodiment, the method further includes purifying the physiologically active polypeptide to which a polyethylene glycol compound is attached.
In still another specific embodiment, the physiologically active polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of hormones, cytokines, enzymes, antibodies, growth factors, transcription factors, blood factors, vaccines, insulinotropic peptides, neuropeptides, pituitary hormones, anti-obesity peptides, antiviral peptides, non-native peptide derivatives having a physiological activity, structural proteins, ligand proteins, and receptors.
In still another specific embodiment, the physiologically active polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of glucagon; insulin; somatostatin; peptide YY (PYY); neuropeptide Y (NPY); glucagon-like peptides including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2); exendin-3; exendin-4; oxyntomodulin; peptides having an activity on glucagon receptors, GLP-1 receptors, and GIP receptors; fibroblast growth factor; ghrelin; angiotensin; bradykinin; calcitonin; corticotropin; eledoisin; gastrin; leptin; oxytocin; vasopressin; luteinizing hormone; luteotropin; follicle-stimulating hormone; parathyroid hormone; secretin; sermorelin; human growth hormone (hGH); growth hormone-releasing peptides; granulocyte-colony-stimulating factors (GCSF); interferons (IFNs); interleukins; prolactin-releasing peptides; orexin; thyroid-releasing peptides; cholecystokinin; gastrin inhibitory peptides; calmodulin; gastric-releasing peptides; motilin; vasoactive intestinal peptides; atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs); B-type natriuretic peptides (BNPs); C-type natriuretic peptides (CNPs); neurokinin A; neuromedin; renin; endothelin; sarafotoxin peptide; carsomorphin peptide; dermorphin; dynorphin; endorphin; enkepalin; T cell factors; tumor necrosis factor; tumor necrosis factor receptors; urokinase receptors; tumor inhibitory factors; collagenase inhibitors; thymopoietin; thymulin; thymopentin; thymosin; thymic humoral factor; adrenomedullin; allatostatin; amyloid β-protein fragments; antibacterial peptides; antioxidant peptides; bombesin; osteocalcin; CART peptides; E-selectin; ICAM-1; VCAM-1; leucokine; kringle-5; laminin; inhibin; galanin; fibronectin; pancreastatin; fuzeon; interferon receptors; G protein-coupled receptors; interleukin receptors; enzymes; interleukin-binding proteins; cytokine-binding proteins; macrophage-activating factors; macrophage peptides; B cell factor; protein A; inhibitors; cell necrosis glycoprotein; immunotoxin; lymphotoxin; tumor inhibitory factors; metastasis growth factors; α-1-antitrypsin; albumin; α-lactalbumin; apolipoprotein-E; erythropoietin; highly glycosylated erythropoietin; angiopoietins; hemoglobin; thrombin; thrombin receptor-activating peptides; thrombomodulin; blood factors VII, VIIa, VIII, IX, and XIII; plasminogen-activating factors; fibrin-binding peptides; urokinase; streptokinase; hirudin; protein C; C-reactive protein; renin inhibitors; superoxide dismutase; platelet-derived growth factors; epidermal growth factors; epithelial cell growth factors; angiostatin; angiotensin; osteogenic growth factors; osteogenesis-promoting proteins; atriopeptin; cartilage-inducing factors; elcatonin; connective tissue-activating factors; tissue factor pathway inhibitors; luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone; nerve growth factors; relaxin; somatomedin; insulin-like growth factor; adrenocortical hormone; pancreatic polypeptides; gastrin-releasing peptides; corticotropin-releasing factor; thyroid-stimulating hormone; autotoxin; lactoferrin; myostatin; cell surface antigens; virus-derived vaccine antigens; monoclonal antibody; polyclonal antibody; antibody fragments; erythropoietic growth factors; leukopoietin; amylin; and analogs thereof.
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a conjugate, in which a physiologically active polypeptide and a carrier protein are linked by a polyethylene glycol compound.
In a specific embodiment, the method includes:
(a) reacting the polyethylene glycol compound with any one of a physiologically active polypeptide or carrier protein, thereby preparing a polyethylene glycol compound, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide or carrier protein is attached to one end of the polyethylene glycol compound and the other end of the polyethylene glycol compound has a reactive end group; and
(b) reacting the polyethylene glycol compound prepared in step (a) above, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide or carrier protein is attached to one end of the polyethylene glycol compound and the other end of the polyethylene glycol compound has a reactive end group, with the other one between the physiologically active polypeptide or carrier protein, so as to link the carrier protein or physiologically active polypeptide to the reactive end group of the polyethylene glycol compound, thereby preparing a conjugate in which the physiologically active polypeptide and the carrier protein are linked by a polyethylene glycol compound.
In another specific embodiment, the method includes:
(a) reacting the polyethylene glycol compound with a physiologically active polypeptide, thereby preparing a polyethylene glycol compound, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide is attached to one end of the polyethylene glycol compound and the other end of the polyethylene glycol compound has a reactive end group; and
(b) reacting the polyethylene glycol compound prepared in step (a) above, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide is attached to one end of the polyethylene glycol compound and the other end of the polyethylene glycol compound has a reactive end group, with a carrier protein, so as to link the carrier protein to the reactive end group of the polyethylene glycol compound.
In still another specific embodiment, the physiologically active polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of hormones, cytokines, enzymes, antibodies, growth factors, transcription factors, blood factors, vaccines, insulinotropic peptides, neuropeptides, pituitary hormones, anti-obesity peptides, antiviral peptides, non-native peptide derivatives having a physiological activity, structural proteins, ligand proteins, and receptors.
In still another specific embodiment, the polyethylene glycol compound in step (a) has the structure of Formula 1 above.
In still another specific embodiment, step (a) of the method is characterized in that R2 of the polyethylene glycol compound having the structure of Formula 1 above is reacted with a thiol group located at the cysteine residue of the physiologically active polypeptide.
In still another specific embodiment, step (b) of the method is characterized in that an aldehyde end group of the polyethylene glycol compound is reacted with an amine group of an immunoglobulin Fc fragment.
In still another specific embodiment, the method further includes purifying the conjugate, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide and the carrier protein are linked by a polyethylene glycol compound.
In still another specific embodiment, the carrier protein is albumin and a fragment thereof, a polymer of a repeating unit of a particular amino acid sequence, antibody, an antibody fragment, an FcRn-binding material, fibronectin, transferrin, saccharide, or elastin.
In still another specific embodiment, the FcRn-binding material is an immunoglobulin Fc fragment.
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a physiologically active polypeptide to which the polyethylene glycol compound is attached.
In a specific embodiment, the physiologically active polypeptide, to which the above compound is attached, includes the structure represented by any one of Formulas 15 to 17 below:
R1-L1-O—(CH2CH2O)n-L2-NH(CO)-L3-S—S—X  [Formula 15]
R1-L1-O—(CH2CH2O)n-L2-NH(CO)—CH2—S—X  [Formula 16]
X—NHCH2-L1-O—(CH2CH2O)n-L2-NH(CO)-L3-R2  [Formula 17]
In Formulas 15 to 17 above,
R1 is selected from 2,5-dioxopyrrolidinyl, 2,5-dioxopyrrolyl, aldehyde, maleimide, C6-20 aryl disulfide, C5-20 heteroaryl disulfide, vinyl sulfone, thiol, halogenated acetamide, succinimide, p-nitrophenyl carbonate, and derivatives thereof;
each of L1 to L3 is independently a linear or branched C1-6 alkylene;
n is an integer of 10 to 2400;
R2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen; and
X is a physiologically active polypeptide moiety.
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a conjugate, wherein each of a physiologically active polypeptide and a carrier protein is independently attached to reactive groups at both ends of the polyethylene glycol compound.
In a specific embodiment, the conjugate is a conjugate having the structure represented by Formula 18 or 19 below:
Y—NHCH2-L1-O—(CH2CH2O)n-L2-NH(CO)-L3-S—S—X  [Formula 18]
Y—NHCH2-L1-O—(CH2CH2O)n-L2-NH(CO)—CH2—S—X  [Formula 19]
In Formulas 18 and 19 above,
each of L1 to L3 is independently a linear or branched C1-6 alkylene,
n is an integer of 10 to 2400,
X is a physiologically active polypeptide moiety; and
Y is a carrier protein moiety.
In another specific embodiment, the carrier protein is albumin and a fragment thereof, a polymer of a repeating unit of a particular amino acid sequence, antibody, an antibody fragment, an FcRn-binding material, fibronectin, transferrin, saccharide, or elastin.
In still another specific embodiment, the FcRn-binding material is an immunoglobulin Fc fragment.
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the polyethylene glycol compound.
In a specific embodiment, the method includes:
(a) introducing R1 selected from the group consisting of 2,5-dioxopyrrolidinyl, 2,5-dioxopyrrolyl, aldehyde, maleimide, C6-20 aryl disulfide, C5-20 heteroaryl disulfide, vinyl sulfone, thiol, halogenated acetamide, succinimide, p-nitrophenyl carbonate, and derivatives thereof, to one end of a polyethylene glycol; and
(b) introducing the structure of —NH(CO)L3-R2 to the other end of the polyethylene glycol, wherein R2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen.
In another specific embodiment, the method includes:
a first step for preparing a compound represented by Formula 21 below from a compound represented by Formula 20 below;
a second step for preparing a compound represented by Formula 22 below from a compound represented by Formula 21 below; and
a third step for converting the diethoxy methyl at an end of a compound represented by Formula 22 below into aldehyde by treating the compound represented by Formula 22 with an acid solution:
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00003
wherein, in Formula 20 above, n′ is n or n+1; and
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00004
wherein L1, L2, L3, n, and R2 are the same as described above.
In still another specific embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 20 of the first step is prepared by reacting the compound represented by Formula 23 below with methanesulfonyl chloride:
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00005
In still another specific embodiment, the first step is performed by reacting the compound represented by Formula 20 with an aqueous ammonia solution and ammonium chloride.
In still another specific embodiment, the first step includes:
step 1-1, which is to react a compound represented by Formula 20 with hydroxyalkyl tetrahydropyranyl ether, thereby preparing a compound represented by Formula 24;
step 1-2, which is to react a compound represented by Formula 24 with p-toluenesulfonic acid, thereby substituting the tetrahydropyranyloxy group at an end thereof with a hydroxy group;
step 1-3, which is to react the compound obtained in step 1-2 with methanesulfonyl chloride, thereby substituting the hydroxy group with a methanesulfonic acid group; and
step 1-4, which is to react the compound obtained in step 1-3 with an aqueous ammonia solution and ammonium chloride.
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00006
In still another specific embodiment, the second step is performed by reacting a compound represented by Formula 21 with a compound represented by Formula 25:
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00007
In still another specific embodiment, the second step includes: reacting a compound represented by Formula 21 with chloro(C2-7 alkanoyl) chloride, thereby synthesizing a compound comprising a chloro group at an end thereof, which is represented by Formula 26 below, as an intermediate product; and
reacting the compound represented by Formula 26 with a halogen metal salt in the presence or absence of hydrogen sulfide, thereby converting the chloro group into thiol or halogen:
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00008
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a use of the polyethylene glycol compound for linking a carrier, which is capable of increasing an in vivo half-life of a physiologically active polypeptide, to a physiologically active polypeptide.
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a composition containing a physiologically active polypeptide to which the polyethylene glycol compound is attached or the conjugate.
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a linker for linking a carrier capable of increasing an in vivo half-life of a physiologically active polypeptide to a physiologically active polypeptide, wherein the linker includes a polyethylene glycol compound, a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Advantageous Effects
The polyethylene glycol derivatives of the present invention have advantages in that they include desired reactive end groups at an end thereof, and at the same time, they can easily react with target materials (e.g., proteins) to be linked thereto. Accordingly, the polyethylene glycol derivatives of the present invention can be effectively used in the field of manufacturing medicaments with regard to conjugated drugs such as protein conjugates, etc.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1 a and 1 b show exemplary embodiments of novel polyethylene glycol compounds of the present invention, illustrating the chemical structures of the compounds having an aldehyde group and an ortho-pyridyl disulfide group (linkers #1, #4, and #7), 2) the chemical structures of the compounds having an aldehyde group and an iodoacetamide group or iodine group (linkers #2, #5, and #8), and 3) the chemical structures of the compounds having an aldehyde group and a sulfhydryl group (linkers #3, #6, and #9). In FIG. 1 b , linkers #10 to #12 correspond to comparative groups.
FIG. 2 shows the result of nuclear magnetic resonance (hereinafter, NMR) analysis confirming linker #1 after its preparation.
FIG. 3 shows the result of reversed phase chromatography (hereinafter, RPC) analysis of linker #1 after its preparation.
FIG. 4 shows the result of NMR analysis confirming linker #2 after its preparation.
FIG. 5 shows the result of RPC analysis of linker #2 after its preparation.
FIG. 6 shows the result of NMR analysis confirming linker #3 after its preparation.
FIG. 7 shows the result of RPC analysis of linker #3 after its preparation.
FIG. 8 shows the result of NMR analysis confirming linker #5 after its preparation.
FIG. 9 shows the result of RPC analysis of linker #5 after its preparation.
FIG. 10 shows the result of MALDI-TOF analysis of the molecular weight of linker #5 after its preparation.
FIG. 11 shows the result of RPC analysis of linker #7 after its preparation.
FIG. 12 shows the result of NMR analysis confirming linker #8 after its preparation.
FIG. 13 shows the result of RPC analysis of linker #8 after its preparation.
FIG. 14 shows the result of MALDI-TOF analysis of the molecular weight of linker #8 after its preparation.
FIG. 15 shows the result of RPC analysis of linker #9 after its preparation.
FIG. 16 shows the result of NMR analysis confirming linker #11 after its preparation.
FIG. 17 shows the result of RPC analysis of linker #11 after its preparation.
FIG. 18 shows the results of comparative experiments with regard to the reactivity of the thiol reactive groups of the polyethylene glycol compounds according to the present invention.
FIGS. 19 to 21 show the results of SDS-PAGE analyses with regard to the conjugates of triple agonist-PEG-Fc prepared using the polyethylene glycol compounds according to the present invention as a linker, in which FIG. 19 shows the result of SDS-PAGE analysis using linker #7 according to the present invention, FIG. 20 using linker #8, and FIG. 21 using linker #9, respectively.
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An aspect of the present invention provides a polyethylene glycol compound, a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Hereinafter, the present invention is described in detail. Meanwhile, each description and embodiment disclosed in the present invention may be applied herein to describe different descriptions and embodiments. In other words, all combinations of various components disclosed in the present invention are included within the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited by the detailed description provided hereinbelow.
As used herein, the term “polyethylene glycol compound” refers to a compound including the structure of a polyethylene glycol, [—(OCH2CH2)n—]. More specifically, in the present invention, the polyethylene glycol compound may include two reactive end groups.
In particular, the two or more reactive end groups present in the polyethylene glycol compound may be the same or different with each other. More specifically, the polyethylene glycol compound may be a heterofunctional linker that acts on mutually different reactive end groups. For example, one end of the compound may have a functionality on the amine group while the other end may have a functionality on the thiol group, but the polyethylene glycol compounds are not particularly limited thereto.
Additionally, the polyethylene glycol compound may be used as a linker for linking a carrier to a physiologically active polypeptide. Accordingly, one end of the polyethylene glycol compound, which has two or more reactive end groups, may be linked to a physiologically active polypeptide while the other end of the polyethylene glycol compound may be linked to a carrier.
Meanwhile, the polyethylene glycol compound and polyethylene glycol derivatives may be used interchangeably in the present invention.
In a specific embodiment, the polyethylene glycol compound according to the present invention may be one which includes the structure of —NHCO— between a thiol reactive group and the structure of a polyethylene glycol as shown below.
Specifically, the compound may be a compound represented by Formula 1 below:
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00009
wherein, in Formula 1 above,
R1 is selected from 2,5-dioxopyrrolidinyl, 2,5-dioxopyrrolyl, aldehyde, maleimide, C6-20 aryl disulfide, C5-20 heteroaryl disulfide, vinyl sulfone, thiol, halogenated acetamide, succinimide, p-nitrophenyl carbonate, and derivatives thereof;
each of L1 to L3 is independently a linear or branched C1-6 alkylene;
R2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen; and
n is an integer of 10 to 2400.
In Formula 1 above, R2 may be ortho-pyridyl disulfide, thiol, F, Br, Cl, or I, and more specifically, ortho-pyridyl disulfide or I, but is not particularly limited thereto.
In Formula 1 above, R1 may be aldehyde, but is not particularly limited thereto.
In Formula 1 above, R1 may be a succinimide derivative, and the kinds of the succinimide derivative may include succinimidyl propionate, hydroxy succinimidyl, succinimidyl carboxymethyl, and succinimidyl carbonate, but are not particularly limited thereto.
Additionally, the compound may be heterofunctional, acting on mutually different reactive end groups, and specifically, R1 and R2 may have mutually different functional groups, but the compound is not particularly limited thereto.
Specifically, R1 may be aldehyde and R2 may be ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen, but the compound is not particularly limited thereto.
In the above compound, each of L1 to L3 may be independently a linear or branched C1-6 alkylene, and more specifically, C1-4 alkylene, but is not particularly limited thereto.
For example, L1 may be an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; L2 may be an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and L3 may be an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
In an embodiment, L2 may be 2, 4, or 6, whereas L1 and L3 may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
In the above compound, R1-L1- may be alkyl aldehyde, e.g., C2-6 alkyl aldehyde, and specifically, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, etc., but is not particularly limited thereto.
Additionally, the polyethylene glycol compound of the present invention may have a molecular weight of about 100 dalton to about 110,000 dalton, specifically about 400 dalton to about 110,000 dalton, more specifically about 1,000 dalton to about 100,000 dalton, and even more specifically about 1,000 dalton to about 20,000 dalton, but is not particularly limited thereto.
In Formula 1 above, n may be an integer of 10 to 2400, and specifically an integer of 20 to 460, but is not particularly limited thereto.
Specifically, the compound may be a compound represented by Formula 2 below:
CHO(CH2)j—O—(CH2CH2O)n—(CH2)CHn—(Cm—NH(CO)—(CH2)k—R2  [Formula 2]
Wherein, in Formula 2 above,
n is an integer of 10 to 2400,
each of j, m, and k is independently an integer of 1 to 6, and
R2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide, thiol, or halogen.
More specifically, in Formula 2 above, n may be an integer of 10 to 2400, and even more specifically an integer of 20 to 460, but is not particularly limited thereto.
In a specific embodiment, each of j, m, and k may be independently an integer of 1 to 6, and specifically an integer of 1 to 4.
For example, j may be an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; m may be an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and k may be an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
In an embodiment, j may be 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; whereas m may be 2, 4, or 6; and k may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Additionally, R2 may be ortho-pyridyl disulfide, thiol, or halogen; specifically ortho-pyridyl disulfide, thiol, or F, Br, Cl, or I; and more specifically ortho-pyridyl disulfide or I, but is not particularly limited thereto.
Specifically, the compound may be a compound selected from Formulas 6 to 11 below.
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00010
In Formulas 6 to 11, n is the same as defined above.
In Examples of the present invention, the compound represented by Formula 6 was named as linker #4; the compound represented by Formula 7 was named as linker #5; the compound represented by Formula 8 was named as linker #6; the compound represented by Formula 9 was named as linker #7; the compound represented by Formula 10 was named as linker #8; and the compound represented by Formula 11 was named as linker #9, respectively.
In an embodiment of the present invention, it was confirmed that the compounds belonging to Formula 1 above can exhibit a higher reactivity to a thiol group compared to the above compound which do not include —NHCO— structure. Therefore, the compounds belonging to Formula 1 above can be effectively used for attaching to materials including a thiol group.
Meanwhile, the compound may specifically have any one structure selected from Formulas 3 to 5 below:
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00011
wherein n is the same as defined above.
Meanwhile, the compound may be present in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. As a salt, an acid addition salt formed by a pharmaceutically acceptable free acid is useful.
The kind of the salt is not particularly limited. However, the salt is preferably one that is safe and effective to a subject, e.g., a mammal, but is not particularly limited thereto.
The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to a material which can be effectively used for the intended use within the scope of pharmaco-medical decision without inducing excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic responses, etc.
As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a salt derived from pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic acids, organic acids, or bases. Examples of the suitable salts may include hydrochloric acid, bromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, phosphoric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, toluene-p-sulfonic acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, methanesulfonic acid, formic acid, benzoic acid, malonic acid, naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, etc. Examples of the salts derived from suitable bases may include alkali metals such as sodium, potassium, etc.; alkali earth metals such as magnesium; ammonium, etc.
Acid addition salts may be prepared by a conventional method, for example, a method of dissolving a compound in an excess aqueous acid solution followed by precipitating the resulting salt using a water-miscible organic solvent (e.g., methanol, ethanol, acetone, or acetonitrile). An equimolar amount of the compound and the acid or alcohol in water (e.g., glycol monomethyl ether) may be heated, and subsequently, the mixture may be evaporated and dried or the educed salt may be subjected to suction filtration.
Additionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable metal salt may be prepared using a base. An alkali metal salt or alkali earth metal salt may be prepared, for example, by dissolving a compound in an excess amount of an alkali metal hydroxide or alkali earth metal hydroxide solution, filtering the non-dissolved compound salt, and evaporating the filtrate, followed by drying.
Additionally, the compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is a concept which includes solvates that can be prepared therefrom.
As used herein, the term “solvate” refers to a complex which is formed between the compound according to the present invention or a salt thereof and a solvent molecule.
Furthermore, when the compound of the present invention has an asymmetric carbon center in its substituent, the compound may exist as an (R) or (S) isomer, a racemate, a mixture of a diastereomer, and an individual diastereomer, and all of these isomers and mixtures thereof belong to the scope of the present invention.
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a physiologically active polypeptide to which a polyethylene glycol compound is attached, which includes reacting a polyethylene glycol compound with a physiologically active polypeptide to prepare a physiologically active polypeptide to which a polyethylene glycol compound is attached.
The polyethylene glycol compounds are the same as explained above.
The above method may include linking any one of the reactive end groups, which are located at both ends of the polyethylene glycol compound, to a physiologically active polypeptide. More specifically, the reactive end group located at R1 may be linked to the physiologically active polypeptide; or the reactive end group located at R2 may be linked to the physiologically active polypeptide, but the method is not limited thereto.
More specifically, the method may include reacting ortho-pyridyl disulfide, thiol, or halogen, which are located at R2, with a thiol group located at the cysteine residue of the physiologically active polypeptide, but the method is not limited thereto.
The reaction between the polyethylene glycol compound and physiologically active polypeptide may be appropriately determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, in consideration of the characteristics of the reactive end group of polyethylene glycol compound and the characteristics of the reactive groups of the physiologically active polypeptide, to which polyethylene glycol compound is to be linked.
For example, the reaction may be performed in the presence of a citrate buffer or HEPES buffer or an organic solvent such as C1-6 alcohol, but is not particularly limited thereto.
Additionally, the method may further include purifying the physiologically active polypeptide to which a polyethylene glycol compound is attached.
For the purification, any known method in the art may be used without limitation, and specifically chromatography may be used, but the purification method is not particularly limited thereto.
As used herein, the term “physiologically active polypeptide” refers to a concept including peptides or proteins capable of exhibiting physiological activities, and preferably refers to materials whose physiological activities are to be exhibited in a subject.
The physiologically active polypeptide is to be selected from the group consisting of hormones, cytokines, enzymes, antibodies, growth factors, transcription factors, blood factors, vaccines, insulinotropic peptides, neuropeptides, pituitary hormones, anti-obesity peptides, antiviral peptides, non-native peptide derivatives having a physiological activity, structural proteins, ligand proteins, and receptors.
Examples of the physiologically active polypeptide may include GLP-1 receptor agonist, leptin receptor agonist, DPP-IV inhibitor, Y5 receptor antagonist, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) receptor antagonist, Y2/3 receptor agonist, MC3/4 receptor agonist, gastric/pancreatic lipase inhibitor, 5HT2c agonist, β3A receptor agonist, amylin receptor agonist, ghrelin antagonist, ghrelin receptor antagonist, etc., but are not particularly limited thereto.
Additionally, the physiologically active polypeptide may be a peptide which includes the amino acid sequence represented by the sequences below, or essentially consists of the sequences thereof, or consists of the sequences thereof. The peptide may have an activity on glucagon receptors, GLP-1 receptors, and GIP receptors, and these peptides are named as triple agonists.
Xaa1-Xaa2-Xaa3-Gly-Thr-Phe-Xaa7-Ser-Asp-Xaa10-Ser-Xaa12-Xaa13-Xaa14-Xaa15-Xaa16-Xaa17-Xaa18-Xaa19-Xaa20-Xaa21-Phe-Xaa23-Xaa24-Trp-Leu-Xaa27-Xaa28-Xaa29-Xaa30-R1 (SEQ ID NO: 103)
In the Formula above,
Xaa1 is histidine, 4-imidazoacetyl, or tyrosine,
Xaa2 is glycine, α-methyl-glutamic acid, or Aib,
Xaa3 is glutamic acid or glutamine,
Xaa7 is threonine or isoleucine,
Xaa10 is leucine, tyrosine, lysine, cysteine, or valine,
Xaa12 is lysine, serine, or isoleucine,
Xaa13 is glutamine, tyrosine, alanine, or cysteine,
Xaa14 is leucine, methionine, or tyrosine,
Xaa15 is cysteine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, or leucine,
Xaa16 is glycine, glutamic acid, or serine,
Xaa17 is glutamine, arginine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, cysteine, or lysine,
Xaa18 is alanine, glutamine, arginine, or histidine,
Xaa19 is alanine, glutamine, cysteine, or valine,
Xaa20 is lysine, glutamine, or arginine,
Xaa21 is glutamic acid, glutamine, leucine, cysteine, or aspartic acid,
Xaa23 is isoleucine or valine,
Xaa24 is alanine, glutamine, cysteine, asparagine, aspartic acid, or glutamic acid,
Xaa27 is valine, leucine, lysine, or methionine,
Xaa28 is cysteine, lysine, alanine, asparagine, or aspartic acid,
Xaa29 is cysteine, glycine, glutamine, threonine, glutamic acid, or histidine,
Xaa30 is cysteine, glycine, lysine, or histidine, or is absent, and
R1 is cysteine, GKKNDWKHNIT (SEQ ID NO: 104), m-SSGAPPPS-n (SEQ ID NO: 105), or m-SSGQPPPS-n (SEQ ID NO: 106), or is absent,
wherein:
m is -Cys-, -Pro-, or -Gly-Pro-, and
n is -Cys-, -Gly-, -Ser-, or -His-Gly-, or is absent.
Examples of the triple agonists may include a peptide including the amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 102, but are not particularly limited thereto.
Additionally, the physiologically active polypeptide may be selected from selected from the group consisting of glucagon; insulin; somatostatin; peptide YY (PYY); neuropeptide Y (NPY); glucagon-like peptides including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2); exendin-3; exendin-4; oxyntomodulin; peptides having an activity on glucagon receptors, GLP-1 receptors, and GIP receptors; fibroblast growth factor; ghrelin; angiotensin; bradykinin; calcitonin; corticotropin; eledoisin; gastrin; leptin; oxytocin; vasopressin; luteinizing hormone; luteotropin; follicle-stimulating hormone; parathyroid hormone; secretin; sermorelin; human growth hormone (hGH); growth hormone-releasing peptides; granulocyte-colony-stimulating factors (GCSF); interferons (IFNs); interleukins; prolactin-releasing peptides; orexin; thyroid-releasing peptides; cholecystokinin; gastrin inhibitory peptides; calmodulin; gastric-releasing peptides; motilin; vasoactive intestinal peptides; atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs); B-type natriuretic peptides (BNPs); C-type natriuretic peptides (CNPs); neurokinin A; neuromedin; renin; endothelin; sarafotoxin peptide; carsomorphin peptide; dermorphin; dynorphin; endorphin; enkepalin; T cell factors; tumor necrosis factor; tumor necrosis factor receptors; urokinase receptors; tumor inhibitory factors; collagenase inhibitors; thymopoietin; thymulin; thymopentin; thymosin; thymic humoral factor; adrenomedullin; allatostatin; amyloid β-protein fragments; antibacterial peptides; antioxidant peptides; bombesin; osteocalcin; CART peptides; E-selectin; ICAM-1; VCAM-1; leucokine; kringle-5; laminin; inhibin; galanin; fibronectin; pancreastatin; fuzeon; interferon receptors; G protein-coupled receptors; interleukin receptors; enzymes; interleukin-binding proteins; cytokine-binding proteins; macrophage-activating factors; macrophage peptides; B cell factor; protein A; allergy inhibitors; cell necrosis glycoprotein; immunotoxin; lymphotoxin; tumor inhibitory factors; metastasis growth factors; α-1-antitrypsin; albumin; α-lactalbumin; apolipoprotein-E; erythropoietin; highly glycosylated erythropoietin; angiopoietins; hemoglobin; thrombin; thrombin receptor-activating peptides; thrombomodulin; blood factors VII, VIIa, VIII, IX, and XIII; plasminogen-activating factors; fibrin-binding peptides; urokinase; streptokinase; hirudin; protein C; C-reactive protein; renin inhibitors; superoxide dismutase; platelet-derived growth factors; epidermal growth factors; epithelial cell growth factors; angiostatin; angiotensin; osteogenic growth factors; osteogenesis-promoting proteins; atriopeptin; cartilage-inducing factors; elcatonin; connective tissue-activating factors; tissue factor pathway inhibitors; luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone; nerve growth factors; relaxin; somatomedin; insulin-like growth factor; adrenocortical hormone; pancreatic polypeptides; gastrin-releasing peptides; corticotropin-releasing factor; thyroid-stimulating hormone; autotoxin; lactoferrin; myostatin; cell surface antigens; virus-derived vaccine antigens; monoclonal antibody; polyclonal antibody; antibody fragments; erythropoietic growth factors; leukopoietin; amylin; and analogs thereof, but is not particularly limited thereto.
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a conjugate, in which a physiologically active polypeptide and a carrier protein are linked by a polyethylene glycol compound.
The physiologically active polypeptide and polyethylene glycol compound are the same as explained above.
Specifically, the method may include:
(a) reacting the polyethylene glycol compound with any one of a physiologically active polypeptide or carrier protein, thereby preparing a polyethylene glycol compound, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide or carrier protein is attached to one end of the polyethylene glycol compound and the other end of the polyethylene glycol compound has a reactive end group; and
(b) reacting the polyethylene glycol compound prepared in step (a) above, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide or carrier protein is attached to one end of the polyethylene glycol compound and the other end of the polyethylene glycol compound has a reactive end group, with the other one of the physiologically active polypeptide or carrier protein, so as to link the carrier protein or physiologically active polypeptide to the reactive end group of the polyethylene glycol compound, thereby preparing a conjugate in which the physiologically active polypeptide and the carrier protein are linked by a polyethylene glycol compound.
More specifically, the method may include:
(a) reacting the polyethylene glycol compound with a physiologically active polypeptide, thereby preparing a polyethylene glycol compound, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide is attached to one end of the polyethylene glycol compound and the other end of the polyethylene glycol compound has a reactive end group; and
(b) reacting the polyethylene glycol compound prepared in step (a) above, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide is attached to one end of the polyethylene glycol compound and the other end of the polyethylene glycol compound has a reactive end group, with a carrier protein, so as to link the carrier protein to the reactive end group of the polyethylene glycol compound.
Specifically, the polyethylene glycol compound in step (a) may have a structure of Formula 1 below.
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00012
In Formula 1 above,
R1 is aldehyde;
each of L1 to L3 is independently a linear or branched C1-6 alkylene;
R2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen; and
n is an integer of 10 to 2400.
In the above method, the reaction between the polyethylene glycol compound and the physiologically active polypeptide may include a reaction between the R2 of the polyethylene glycol compound with the thiol group located at the cysteine residue of the physiologically active polypeptide, and the reaction between the polyethylene glycol compound and the carrier protein may include a reaction between the aldehyde end group of the polyethylene glycol compound and the amine group of the carrier protein, although the reactions are not particularly limited thereto.
Specifically, in the above method, step (a) may be reacting R2 of the polyethylene glycol compound having the structure of Formula 1 above with the thiol group located at the cysteine residue of the physiologically active polypeptide, whereas step (b) may be reacting the aldehyde end group of the polyethylene glycol compound with the amine group of the carrier protein.
The reaction between the polyethylene glycol compound and the physiologically active polypeptide or the carrier protein may be appropriately determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, in consideration of the characteristics of the reactive groups of the polyethylene glycol compound and the characteristics of the reactive groups of the physiologically active polypeptide or the carrier protein, to which the polyethylene glycol compound is to be linked.
For example, the PEGylation reaction may be performed in the presence of an appropriate buffer such as citrate buffer or HEPES or an organic solvent such as C1-6 alcohol, but the buffer and the solvent are not particularly limited thereto.
Additionally, the aldehyde reactive group selectively reacts with the amino terminal in a low pH condition, and may form a covalent bond with a lysine residue in a high pH condition, (e.g., pH 9.0).
Meanwhile, the carrier protein may be a material which is linked to the physiologically active polypeptide by the polyethylene glycol compound for the purpose of increasing the in vivo half-life of the physiologically active polypeptide.
The carrier protein may be albumin and a fragment thereof, a polymer of a repeating unit of a particular amino acid sequence, antibody, an antibody fragment, an FcRn-binding material, fibronectin, transferrin, saccharide, or elastin, and the FcRn-binding material may be an immunoglobulin Fc fragment, but is not particularly limited thereto.
In a specific embodiment, the end aldehyde group of the polyethylene glycol compound may be one which reacts with the amine group of an immunoglobulin Fc fragment, and specifically the amine group of the N-terminus, but is not particularly limited thereto.
In the present invention, “immunoglobulin Fc region” refers to a region including the heavy chain constant region 2 (CH2) and/or the heavy chain constant region 3 (CH3), excluding the heavy chain and light chain variable regions of an immunoglobulin. The immunoglobulin Fc region may be one constitution that establishes a moiety of a protein conjugate of the present invention.
The immunoglobulin Fc region may include a hinge region in the heavy chain constant region, but is not limited thereto. Additionally, the immunoglobulin Fc region of the present invention may be an extended Fc region including a part or the entirety of the heavy chain constant region 1 (CH1) and/or the light chain constant region 1 (CL1), excluding the heavy chain and the light chain variable regions of the immunoglobulin, as long as the immunoglobulin Fc region has an effect substantially the same as or improved compared to the native type. Additionally, the immunoglobulin Fc region of the present invention may be a region in which a fairly long part of the amino acid sequence corresponding to CH2 and/or CH3 is removed.
For example, the immunoglobulin Fc region of the present invention may be 1) a CH1 domain, a CH2 domain, a CH3 domain, and a CH4 domain; 2) a CH1 domain and a CH2 domain; 3) a CH1 domain and a CH3 domain; 4) a CH2 domain and a CH3 domain; 5) a combination between one or two or more domains among a CH1 domain, a CH2 domain, a CH3 domain, and a CH4 domain and an immunoglobulin hinge region (or a part of the hinge region); and 6) a dimer between each domain of the heavy chain constant region and the light chain constant region, but is not limited thereto.
Additionally, in a specific embodiment, the immunoglobulin Fc region may be in a dimeric form and one molecule of X may be covalently linked to one Fc region in a dimer form, where the immunoglobulin Fc and X may be linked to each other by a polyethylene glycol compound. Meanwhile, it is also possible that two molecules of X are symmetrically linked to one Fc region in a dimeric form, where the immunoglobulin Fc and X may be linked to each other by a polyethylene glycol compound. However, the linkage is not limited thereto.
Additionally, the immunoglobulin Fc region of the present invention not only includes a native amino acid sequence but also a sequence derivative thereof. An amino acid sequence derivative refers to an amino acid sequence which has a difference in at least one amino acid residue due to deletion, insertion, non-conservative or conservative substitution, or a combination thereof.
For example, the amino acid residues at positions 214 to 238, 297 to 299, 318 to 322, or 327 to 331, which are known to be important in the conjugation of an immunoglobulin Fc, may be used as suitable sites for modification.
Additionally, other various derivatives are possible, including one that has a deletion of a region capable of forming a disulfide bond, or a deletion of some amino acid residues at the N-terminus of native Fc or an addition of a methionine residue at the N-terminus of native Fc, etc. Furthermore, to remove effector functions, a deletion may occur in a complement-binding site, such as a C1q-binding site and an antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) site. Techniques of preparing such sequence derivatives of the immunoglobulin Fc region are disclosed in International Patent Publication Nos. WO 97/34631, WO 96/32478, etc.
Amino acid exchanges in proteins and peptides, which do not entirely alter the activities of molecules, are known in the art (H. Neurath, R. L. Hill, The Proteins, Academic Press, New York, 1979). The most commonly occurring exchanges are Ala/Ser, Val/Ile, Asp/Glu, Thr/Ser, Ala/Gly, Ala/Thr, Ser/Asn, Ala/Val, Ser/Gly, Thy/Phe, Ala/Pro, Lys/Arg, Asp/Asn, Leu/Ile, Leu/Val, Ala/Glu, and Asp/Gly. Depending on the cases, the Fc region may be modified by phosphorylation, sulfation, acrylation, glycosylation, methylation, farnesylation, acetylation, amidation, etc.
The above-described Fc derivatives show a biological activity identical to that of the Fc region of the present invention and they may have improved structural stability against heat, pH, etc.
Further, the immunoglobulin Fc region may be obtained from native forms isolated in vivo from humans or animals such as cows, goats, pigs, mice, rabbits, hamsters, rats, guinea pigs, etc., or may be recombinants or derivatives thereof obtained from transformed animal cells or microorganisms. Herein, the Fc region may be obtained from a native immunoglobulin by isolating a whole immunoglobulin from a living human or animal body and treating the isolated immunoglobulin with protease. When the whole immunoglobulin is treated with papain, it is cleaved into Fab and Fc regions, whereas when the whole immunoglobulin is treated with pepsin, it is cleaved into pF′c and F(ab)2 fragments. Fc or pF′c can be isolated using size-exclusion chromatography, etc. In a more specific embodiment, a human-derived Fc region is a recombinant immunoglobulin Fc region obtained from a microorganism.
Additionally, the immunoglobulin Fc region may be in the form of a natural glycan, increased or decreased glycan compared to the natural type, or in a deglycosylated form. The increase, decrease, or removal of the immunoglobulin Fc glycan may be achieved by conventional methods such as a chemical method, enzymatic method, and genetic engineering method using a microorganism. The immunoglobulin Fc region obtained by removal of a glycan from the Fc region shows a significant decrease in binding affinity to the C1q part and a decrease or loss in antibody-dependent cytotoxicity or complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and thus it does not induce unnecessary immune responses in vivo. In this regard, an immunoglobulin Fc region in a deglycosylated or aglycosylated immunoglobulin Fc region may be a more suitable form to meet the original object of the present invention as a drug carrier.
As used herein, the term “deglycosylation” refers to enzymatically removing sugar moieties from an Fc region, and the term “aglycosylation” refers to an unglycosylated Fc region produced in prokaryotes, in a more specific embodiment, E. coli.
Meanwhile, the immunoglobulin Fc region may be derived from humans or other animals including cows, goats, pigs, mice, rabbits, hamsters, rats, and guinea pigs. In a more specific embodiment, it is of human origin.
Additionally, the immunoglobulin (Ig) Fc region may be derived from IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgM, or a combination or hybrid thereof. In a more specific embodiment, it is derived from IgG or IgM, which are among the most abundant proteins in human blood, and in an even more specific embodiment, it is derived from IgG, which is known to enhance the half-lives of ligand-binding proteins. In a yet even more specific embodiment, the immunoglobulin Fc region is an IgG4 Fc region, and in the most specific embodiment, the IgG4 Fc region is an aglycosylated Fc region derived from human IgG4, but is not limited thereto.
In particular, as used herein, the term “combination” means that polypeptides encoding single-chain immunoglobulin Fc regions of the same origin are linked to a single-chain polypeptide of a different origin to form a dimer or multimer. That is, a dimer or multimer may be formed from two or more fragments selected from the group consisting of IgG Fc, IgA Fc, IgM Fc, IgD Fc, and IgE Fc fragments.
Additionally, the above method may further include purifying a conjugate, in which a physiologically active polypeptide and a carrier protein are linked by a polyethylene glycol compound.
For the purification, any known method in the art may be used without limitation, and specifically chromatography may be used, but the purification method is not particularly limited thereto.
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a physiologically active polypeptide, to which the polyethylene glycol compound is attached.
The polyethylene glycol compound and physiologically active polypeptide are the same as explained above.
In a specific embodiment, the physiologically active polypeptide may be one which includes the structure represented by any of Formulas 15 to 17:
R1-L1-O—(CH2CH2O)n-L2-NH(CO)-L3-S—S—X  [Formula 15]
R1-L1-O—(CH2CH2O)n-L2-NH(CO)—CH2—S—X  [Formula 16]
X—NHCH2-L1-O—(CH2CH2O)n-L2-NH(CO)-L3-R2  [Formula 17]
wherein, in Formulas 15 to 17,
R1 is selected from 2,5-dioxopyrrolidinyl, 2,5-dioxopyrrolyl, aldehyde, maleimide, C6-20 aryl disulfide, C5-20 heteroaryl disulfide, vinyl sulfone, thiol, halogenated acetamide, succinimide, p-nitrophenyl carbonate, and derivatives thereof;
each of L1 to L3 is independently a linear or branched C1-6 alkylene;
n is an integer of 10 to 2400;
R2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen; and
X corresponds to a physiologically active polypeptide moiety.
All of the explanations provided previously will apply to the specific features and combinations of the variables described above.
The “—S—S—X” in Formula 15 above may be a structure formed by the reaction between the thiol group located at X and the ortho-pyridyl disulfide or thiol group; and the “—CH2—S—X” in Formula 16 may be a structure formed by the reaction between the thiol group located at X and a halogen, and specifically iodoacetamide (IA); and the “X—NHCH2—” in Formula 16 may be a structure formed by the reaction between the amine group located at X and an aldehyde group through reductive alkylation, but the structures are not particularly limited thereto.
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a conjugate, in which each of a physiologically active polypeptide and a carrier protein is independently attached to reactive groups at both ends of the polyethylene glycol compound.
The polyethylene glycol compound, physiologically active polypeptide, and carrier protein are the same as explained above.
In a specific embodiment, the conjugate has a structure represented by Formula 18 or 19 below:
Y—NHCH2-L1-O—(CH2CH2O)n-L2-NH(CO)-L3-S—S—X  [Formula 18]
Y—NHCH2-L1-O—(CH2CH2O)n-L2-NH(CO)—CH2—S—X  [Formula 19]
wherein, in Formulas 18 and 19 above,
each of L1 to L3 is independently a linear or branched C1-6 alkylene;
n is an integer of 10 to 2400;
X is a physiologically active polypeptide moiety; and
Y is a carrier protein moiety.
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the polyethylene glycol compound.
The polyethylene glycol compound is the same as explained above.
Specifically, the method may include:
(a) introducing R1 selected from the group consisting of 2,5-dioxopyrrolidinyl, 2,5-dioxopyrrolyl, aldehyde, maleimide, C6-20 aryl disulfide, C5-20 heteroaryl disulfide, vinyl sulfone, thiol, halogenated acetamide, succinimide, p-nitrophenyl carbonate, and derivatives thereof, to one end of a polyethylene glycol; and
(b) introducing the structure of —NH(CO)L3-R2 to the other end of the polyethylene glycol, wherein R2 is ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), thiol, or halogen.
As a non-limiting method, the method may include:
a first step for preparing a compound represented by Formula 21 below from a compound represented by Formula 20 below;
a second step for preparing a compound represented by Formula 22 below from a compound represented by Formula 21 below; and
a third step for converting the diethoxy methyl at an end of a compound represented by Formula 22 below into aldehyde by treating the compound represented by Formula 22 with an acid solution:
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00013
wherein, in Formula 20 above, n′ is n or n+1; and
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00014
wherein L1, L2, L3, n, and R2 are the same as described above.
In a case where a polyethylene glycol compound, where L2 is 2 as in linker #5 (Formula 7), n′ may be n+1.
In the above method, the compound represented by Formula 20 of the first step may be one which is prepared by reacting the compound represented by Formula 23 with methanesulfonyl chloride:
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00015
In a case where a polyethylene glycol compound, where L2 is 2 as in linker #5 (Formula 7), the first step may be performed by reacting the compound represented by Formula 20 with an aqueous ammonia solution and ammonium chloride.
Meanwhile, in cases where a polyethylene glycol compound, where L2 is 3 or higher as in linkers #7 to #9 (Formulas 9 to 11), etc., the method may include:
step 1-1, which is to react a compound represented by Formula 20 with hydroxyalkyl tetrahydropyranyl ether, thereby preparing a compound represented by Formula 24;
step 1-2, which is to react a compound represented by Formula 24 with p-toluenesulfonic acid, thereby substituting the tetrahydropyranyloxy group at an end thereof with a hydroxy group;
step 1-3, which is to react the compound obtained in step 1-2 with methanesulfonyl chloride, thereby substituting the hydroxy group with a methanesulfonic acid group; and
step 1-4, which is to react the compound obtained in step 1-3 with an aqueous ammonia solution and ammonium chloride:
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00016
wherein step 1-1 may be performed in the presence of potassium t-pentoxide.
Additionally, in a case where OPSS is introduced as a reactive end group, the second step may be performed by reacting a compound represented by Formula 21 with a compound represented by Formula 25.
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00017
Meanwhile, in a case where —I or —SH is introduced as a reactive end group, the second step may be performed by reacting a compound represented by Formula 21 with chloro(C2 to C7 alkanoyl) chloride, thereby synthesizing a compound comprising a chloro group at an end thereof, which is represented by Formula 26 below, as an intermediate product; and reacting the compound represented by Formula 26 with a halogen metal salt in the presence or absence of hydrogen sulfide, thereby converting the chloro group into thiol or halogen.
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00018
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a use of the polyethylene glycol compound for linking a carrier, which is capable of increasing an in vivo half-life of a physiologically active polypeptide, to a physiologically active polypeptide.
The physiologically active polypeptide, carrier, and polyethylene glycol compound are the same as explained above.
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a composition containing a physiologically active polypeptide to which the polyethylene glycol compound is attached or the conjugate.
The physiologically active polypeptide, conjugate, and polyethylene glycol compound are the same as explained above.
The composition may be a pharmaceutically acceptable composition and may contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may include, for oral administration, a binder, a lubricant, a disintegrant, an excipient, a solubilizing agent, a dispersant, a stabilizing agent, a suspending agent, a coloring agent, a flavoring agent, etc.; for injections, a buffering agent, a preserving agent, an analgesic, a solubilizing agent, an isotonic agent, a stabilizing agent, etc., which may be combined for use; and for topical administrations, a base, an excipient, a lubricant, a preserving agent, etc. The formulation type of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be prepared variously by combining with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier described above. For example, for oral administration, the composition may be formulated into tablets, troches, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, wafers, etc. For injections, the composition may be formulated into unit-dose ampoules or multi-dose forms. The composition may also be formulated into solutions, suspensions, tablets, pills, capsules, sustained-release formulations, etc.
Meanwhile, examples of suitable carriers, excipients, and diluents may include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, maltitol, starch, acacia rubber, alginate, gelatin, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, cellulose, methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, water, methyl hydroxybenzoate, propyl hydroxybenzoate, talc, magnesium stearate, mineral oil, etc. Additionally, the composition may further contain a filler, an anti-coagulant, a lubricant, a humectant, a flavoring agent, a preserving agent, etc.
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a polyethylene glycol compound linker for linking a carrier, which is capable of increasing an in vivo half-life of a physiologically active polypeptide, to a physiologically active polypeptide.
The physiologically active polypeptide, carrier, and polyethylene glycol compound are the same as explained above.
The compounds of the present invention may be synthesized by a series of reactions represented by Reaction Scheme below. However, the Formulas below are merely illustrative examples of the methods for preparing the compounds of the present invention, and thus the compounds of the present invention should not be limited by these methods and the preparation of these compounds may be prepared by a method known in the art or may be performed after an appropriate modification thereof.
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00019
<Reaction Example 1> Preparation of Compound No. 2
Compound No. 1 and dichloromethane are added into a reaction container. While maintaining the reaction temperature at 10° C. or below, triethylamine and methanesulfonyl chloride are added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, water and dichloromethane are added thereto and stirred for 5 minutes. After extracting the resulting organic layer, dichloromethane is again added to the resulting aqueous layer and the extraction is performed once more. The organic layers are combined, washed with distilled water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 2.
<Reaction Example 2> Preparation of Compound No. 3
Toluene and Compound No. 10 are added into a reaction container. After adding potassium t-pentoxide thereto, the mixture is heated to about 50° C. and stirred at 50° C. for 1 hour (an activation solution). Compound No. 2 and toluene are added into another container. The activation solution is cooled to room temperature and added dropwise to the mixed solution at 30° C. for 1 hour. After stirring at 30° C. for 3 hours, water is added to the reaction solution and the extraction is performed. After separation of layers, dichloromethane is added to the resulting aqueous layer and the mixture is extracted. Dichloromethane is again added to the aqueous layer and the mixture is extracted once more. The resulting organic layer is dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 3.
<Reaction Example 3> Preparation of Compound No. 4
Compound No. 3, ethanol, and dichloromethane are added into a reaction container. p-Toluene sulfonic acid (p-TsOH) is added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. Sodium hydroxide is added thereto and the solvent is concentrated under reduced pressure. Dichloromethane and water are added thereto and stirred for 5 minutes. The organic layer is extracted therefrom and washed with water. The organic layer is dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 4.
<Reaction Example 4> Preparation of Compound No. 5
Compound No. 4 and dichloromethane are added into a reaction container. While maintaining the reaction temperature at 10° C. or below, triethylamine and methanesulfonyl chloride are added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, water and dichloromethane are added thereto and stirred for 5 minutes. After extracting the organic layer, dichloromethane is again added to the resulting aqueous layer and extracted once more. The organic layers are combined, washed with distilled water (60 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 5.
<Reaction Example 5> Preparation of Compound No. 6
Dimethylformamide and Compound No. 5 are added into a reaction container. After heating the mixture to about 30° C., potassium thioacetate is added thereto and stirred at 30° C. for 5 hours. After cooling the mixture to room temperature, dichloromethane and water are added thereto and extracted. After separation of layers, the resulting aqueous layer is re-extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layers extracted after the separation of layers are combined and washed with a 20% sodium chloride aqueous solution. After the separation of layers, sodium sulfate is added to the organic layer and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 5 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 6.
<Reaction Example 6> Preparation of Compound No. 7
Water and Compound No. 6 are added into a container. The reaction solution is adjusted to pH 14 by adding a 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution dropwise thereto. After stirring the mixture at room temperature for 12 hours, the mixture is adjusted to pH 6 to 7 using a 1 N HCl solution. After neutralization, dichloromethane is added thereto and the mixture is extracted. After separation of layers, the resulting aqueous layer is re-extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layers extracted after the separation of layers are combined and sodium sulfate is added thereto and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 5 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 7.
<Reaction Example 7> Preparation of Compound No. 8
Compound No. 7 and methanol are added into a reaction container. Compound No. 11 is added dropwise thereto and stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The reaction solvent is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 8.
<Reaction Example 8> Preparation of Compound No. 9 [Linker #1]
Compound No. 8 and distilled water are added into a reaction container. The reaction solution is adjusted to pH 1 using a 1 N HCl solution and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Upon completion of the reaction, water and dichloromethane are added thereto and stirred for 5 minutes. The mixture is adjusted to pH 6 using 5% sodium bicarbonate. Dichloromethane is added thereto and extraction is performed. Sodium sulfate is added to the resulting organic layer and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane (1 mL) thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 9.
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00020
<Reaction Example 9> Preparation of Compound No. 13
Toluene and Compound No. 12 are added into a reaction container. After adding potassium t-pentoxide thereto, the mixture is heated to about 50° C. and stirred at 50° C. for 1 hour (an activation solution). Compound No. 2 and toluene are added into another container. The activation solution is cooled to room temperature and added dropwise to the mixed solution at 30° C. for 1 hour. After stirring the mixture at 30° C. for 3 hours, water is added to the reaction solution and extraction is performed. After separation of layers, dichloromethane is added to the aqueous layer and extracted. Dichloromethane is again added to the aqueous layer and the mixture is extracted once more. The resulting organic layer is dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 13.
<Reaction Example 10> Preparation of Compound No. 14
Compound No. 13, ethanol, and dichloromethane are added into a reaction container. p-Toluene sulfonic acid (p-TsOH) is added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. Sodium hydroxide is added thereto and the solvent is concentrated under reduced pressure. Dichloromethane and water are added thereto and stirred for 5 minutes. The organic layer is extracted therefrom and washed with water. The organic layer is dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 14.
<Reaction Example 11> Preparation of Compound No. 15
Compound No. 14 and dichloromethane are added into a reaction container. While maintaining the reaction temperature at 10° C. or below, triethylamine and methanesulfonyl chloride are added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, water and dichloromethane are added thereto and stirred for 5 minutes. After extracting the organic layer, dichloromethane is again added to the resulting aqueous layer and the extraction is performed once more. The organic layers are combined, washed with distilled water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 15.
<Reaction Example 12> Preparation of Compound No. 16
Acetone and Compound No. 15 are added into a reaction container. After heating the mixture to 30° C., potassium iodide is added thereto, and heated to about 50° C. and stirred at 50° C. for 15 hours. The reaction solution is concentrated under reduced pressure and washed with dichloromethane and water. After separation of layers, the resulting organic layer is washed again with water. After the separation of layers, sodium sulfate is added to the organic layer and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether (30 mL) is added dropwise thereto for 5 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 16.
<Reaction Example 13> Preparation of Compound No. 17 [Linker #2]
Compound No. 16 and water are added into a container. The reaction solution is adjusted to pH 1.0 by adding a 1 N HCl solution dropwise thereto. After stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, the reaction solution is adjusted to pH 6 to 7 using a 5% sodium bicarbonate solution. After neutralization, dichloromethane is added thereto and the extraction is performed. After separation of layers, the aqueous layer is re-extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layers extracted after the separation of layers are combined and sodium sulfate is added thereto and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 5 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 17.
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00021
<Reaction Example 14> Preparation of Compound No. 18
Dimethylformamide and Compound No. 15 are added into a container. After heating the mixture to about 30° C., potassium thioacetate is added thereto and stirred at 30° C. for 5 hours. After cooling the mixture to room temperature, dichloromethane and water are added thereto and the extraction is performed. After separation of layers, the resulting aqueous layer is re-extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layers extracted after the separation of layers are combined and washed with a 20% sodium chloride aqueous solution. After the separation of layers, sodium sulfate is added to the organic layer and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 5 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 18.
<Reaction Example 15> Preparation of Compound No. 19
Compound No. 18 and water are added into a reaction container. The reaction solution is adjusted to pH 14 by adding a 0.1 M NaOH solution dropwise thereto. After stirring at room temperature for 12 hours, the reaction solution is adjusted to pH 6 to 7 using a 1 N HCl solution. After neutralization, dichloromethane is added thereto and the extraction is performed. After separation of layers, the aqueous layer is re-extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layers extracted after the separation of layers are combined and sodium sulfate is added thereto and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 5 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 19.
<Reaction Example 16> Preparation of Compound No. 20 [Linker #3]
Compound No. 19 and water are added into a reaction container. The reaction solution is adjusted to pH 1.0 by adding a 1 N HCl solution dropwise thereto. After stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, the reaction solution is adjusted to pH 6 to 7 using a 5% sodium bicarbonate solution. After neutralization, dichloromethane is added thereto and the extraction is performed. After separation of layers, the aqueous layer is re-extracted with dichloromethane (5 mL). The organic layers extracted after the separation of layers are combined and sodium sulfate is added thereto and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 5 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 20.
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00022
<Reaction Example 17> Preparation of Compound No. 21
An aqueous ammonia solution and ammonium chloride are added into a reaction container. Compound No. 5 is added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 4 days. Dichloromethane is added thereto and stirred for 5 minutes. After extracting an organic layer, dichloromethane is again added to the resulting aqueous layer and the extraction is performed once more. The organic layers are combined, washed with distilled water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 21.
<Reaction Example 18> Preparation of Compound No. 22
Compound No. 21 and dichloromethane are added into a reaction container. Triethylamine and chloroacetyl chloride are added dropwise thereto and stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, the reaction solution is washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 22.
<Reaction Example 19> Preparation of Compound No. 23
Compound No. 22 and acetone are added into a reaction container. KI is added thereto and stirred at 55° C. for 6 hours. After cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, the reaction solvent is concentrated under reduced pressure. Then, dichloromethane and water are added thereto and stirred for 5 minutes. After extracting the organic layer, dichloromethane is again added to the resulting aqueous layer and the extraction is performed once more. The organic layer is dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 23.
<Reaction Example 20> Preparation of Compound No. 24 [Linker #5]
Compound No. 23 and distilled water are added into a reaction container. The reaction solution is adjusted to pH 1.0 using a 1 N HCl solution and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Upon completion of the reaction, water and dichloromethane are added thereto and stirred for 5 minutes. The resultant is adjusted to pH 6 using 5% sodium bicarbonate. The resultant is extracted by adding dichloromethane thereto, and sodium sulfate is added to the resulting organic layer and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 24.
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00023
<Reaction Example 21> Preparation of Compound No. 25
Compound No. 5 and acetone are added into a reaction container. KI is added thereto and stirred at 55° C. for 20 hours. After cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, the reaction solvent is concentrated under reduced pressure. Then, dichloromethane and water are added thereto and stirred for 5 minutes. After extracting the organic layer, dichloromethane is again added to the resulting aqueous layer and extracted once more. The organic layer is dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 25.
<Reaction Example 22> Preparation of Compound No. 26 [Linker #11]
Compound No. 25 and distilled water are added into a reaction container. The reaction solution is adjusted to pH 1.0 using a 1 N HCl solution and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Upon completion of the reaction, water and dichloromethane are added thereto and stirred for 5 minutes. The resultant is adjusted to pH 6 using 5% sodium bicarbonate. The resultant is extracted by adding dichloromethane thereto, and sodium sulfate is added to the resulting organic layer and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 26.
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00024
<Reaction Example 23> Preparation of Compound No. 27
An aqueous ammonia solution and ammonium chloride are added into a reaction container. Compound No. 5 is added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 4 days. Dichloromethane is added thereto and the organic layer is extracted therefrom and dichloromethane is again added and the extraction is performed once more. The organic layers are combined, washed with distilled water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 27.
<Reaction Example 24> Preparation of Compound No. 28
Compound No. 27, Compound No. 30, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), triethylamine, and dimethylformamide are added into a reaction container, and stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. Dichloromethane and water are added thereto and the extraction is performed. After separation of layers, the resulting aqueous layer is re-extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layers extracted after the separation of layers are combined and washed with a 20% sodium chloride aqueous solution. After the separation of layers, sodium sulfate is added to the organic layer and stirred. The mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 5 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 28.
<Reaction Example 25> Preparation of Compound No. 29 [Linker #7]
Compound No. 28 and distilled water are added into a reaction container. The reaction solution is adjusted to pH 1.0 using a 1 N HCl solution and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Upon completion of the reaction, water and dichloromethane are added thereto and stirred. The resultant is adjusted to pH 6 using 5% sodium bicarbonate. The resultant is extracted by adding dichloromethane thereto and sodium sulfate is added to the resulting organic layer. The mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 29.
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00025
<Reaction Example 26> Preparation of Compound No. 31
Compound No. 27 and dichloromethane are added into a reaction container. Triethylamine and chloroacetyl chloride are added dropwise thereto and stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, the reaction solution is washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 31.
<Reaction Example 27> Preparation of Compound No. 32
Compound No. 31 and acetone are added into a reaction container. KI is added thereto and stirred at 55° C. for 6 hours. After cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, the reaction solvent is concentrated under reduced pressure. Then, dichloromethane and water are added thereto. After extracting the organic layer, dichloromethane is again added to the resulting aqueous layer and the extraction is performed once more. The organic layer is dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 32.
<Reaction Example 28> Preparation of Compound No. 33 [Linker #8]
Compound No. 32 and distilled water are added into a reaction container. The reaction solution is adjusted to pH 1 using a 1 N HCl solution and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Upon completion of the reaction, water and dichloromethane are added thereto and stirred for 5 minutes. The resultant is adjusted to pH 6 using 5% sodium bicarbonate. The resultant is extracted by adding dichloromethane thereto, and sodium sulfate is added to the resulting organic layer. The mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 33.
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00026
<Reaction Example 29> Preparation of Compound No. 34
Compound No. 31 and methanol are added into a reaction container. KI and NaSH are added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. After cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, the reaction solvent is concentrated under reduced pressure. Then, dichloromethane and water are added thereto. After extracting an organic layer, dichloromethane is again added to the resulting aqueous layer and the extraction is performed once more. The organic layer is dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 34.
<Reaction Example 30> Preparation of Compound No. 35 [Linker #9]
Compound No. 34 and distilled water are added into a reaction container. The reaction solution is adjusted to pH 1 using a 1 N HCl solution and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Upon completion of the reaction, water and dichloromethane are added thereto and stirred for 5 minutes. The resultant is adjusted to pH 6 using 5% sodium bicarbonate. The resultant is extracted by adding dichloromethane thereto, and sodium sulfate is added to the resulting organic layer. The mixed solution is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate is dissolved by adding dichloromethane thereto and methyl t-butyl ether is added dropwise thereto for 20 minutes. The thus-produced crystals are filtered, washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under nitrogen at room temperature to obtain the target compound, Compound No. 35.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following embodiments, etc., to aid in the understanding of the present invention.
However, these embodiments can be modified in various other forms and the scope of the present invention should not be interpreted to be limited by these embodiments.
The embodiments are provided to more fully illustrate the present invention to those who have an average knowledge in the art.
Example 1: Preparation of Polyethylene Glycol Derivatives
The present inventors have prepared polyethylene glycol derivatives in which desired reactive groups are introduced at both ends thereof. The methods for preparing the derivatives are described in Reaction Examples 1 to 25.
Representatively, heterofunctional PEG compounds, in which a propionaldehyde group is added to one end of the polyethylene glycol backbone while ortho-pyridyl disulfide (OPSS), iodoacetamide (IA), an iodine group, or sulfhydryl group (SH—) is added to the other end, were prepared [FIG. 1 ].
The purity of each of the thus-prepared PEG compounds was analyzed by NMR and reversed phase chromatography (RPC), respectively.
The details of the representative polyethylene glycol derivatives are as follows.
(1) Linker #1: pALD-PEG-Ortho-Pyridyl Disulfide
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00027
Here, n is an integer of 200 to 300.
The molecular weight of the thus-prepared polyethylene glycol linker was about 10 kDa, and its structure was confirmed by NMR analysis. The purity was confirmed to be about 80% by RPC analysis.
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ 9.79 (t, 1H, J=2.0 Hz), 8.50 (d, 1H, J=5.6 Hz), 7.71-7.64 (m, 2H), 7.09-6.70 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.40 (m, 908H), 2.82 (t, 2H, J=5.6 Hz), 2.68 (t, 2H, J=2.0 Hz), 1.86-1.66 (m, 4H)
(2) Linker #2: pALD-PEG-Iodide
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00028
Here, n is an integer of 200 to 300.
The molecular weight of the thus-prepared polyethylene glycol linker was about 10 kDa, and its structure was confirmed by NMR analysis. The purity was confirmed to be about 87% by RPC analysis.
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ 9.81 (s, 1H), 3.84-3.47 (m, 910H), 3.29 (t, 2H, J=6.8 Hz), 2.71-2.69 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.06 (m, 2H)
(3) Linker #3: pALD-PEG-Sulfhydryl Group
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00029
Here, n is an integer of 200 to 300.
The molecular weight of the thus-prepared polyethylene glycol linker was about 10 kDa, and its structure was confirmed by NMR analysis. The purity was confirmed to be about 76% by RPC analysis.
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ 9.79 (s, 1H), 3.82-3.45 (m, 910H), 2.74 (t, 2H, J=6.8 Hz), 2.69-2.67 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.95 (m, 2H)
(4) Linker #5: pALD-PEG-Iodide
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00030
Here, n is an integer of 200 to 300.
The molecular weight of the thus-prepared polyethylene glycol linker was about 10 kDa, and its structure was confirmed by NMR analysis. The purity was confirmed to be about 88% by RPC analysis.
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ 9.78 (t, 1H, J=1.6 Hz), 3.82-3.41 (m, 912H), 2.67 (t, 2H, J=2.0 Hz)
(5) Linker #7: pALD-PEG-Ortho-Pyridyl Disulfide
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00031
Here, n is an integer of 200 to 300.
The molecular weight of the thus-prepared polyethylene glycol linker was about 10 kDa, and the purity was confirmed to be about 81% by RPC analysis.
(6) Linker #8: pALD-PEG-Iodide
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00032
Here, n is an integer of 200 to 300.
The molecular weight of the thus-prepared polyethylene glycol linker was about 10 kDa, and its structure was confirmed by NMR analysis. The purity was confirmed to be about 78% by RPC analysis.
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ 9.78 (s, 1H), 3.82-3.41 (m, 912H), 2.70 (t, 2H, J=2.0 Hz), 1.44-1.24 (m, 4H)
(7) Linker #9: pALD-PEG-Sulfhydryl Group
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00033
Here, n is an integer of 200 to 300.
The molecular weight of the thus-prepared polyethylene glycol linker was about 10 kDa, and the purity was confirmed to be about 76% by RPC analysis.
(8) Linker #11: pALD-PEG-Iodide (Comparative Example)
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00034
Here, n is an integer of 200 to 300.
The molecular weight of the thus-prepared polyethylene glycol linker was about 10 kDa, and its structure was confirmed by NMR analysis. The purity was confirmed to be about 89% RPC analysis.
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ 9.79 (t, 1H, J=2.0 Hz), 3.82-3.41 (m, 908H), 3.29-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.69 (t, 2H, J=2.0 Hz)
Example 2: Comparison of Reactivity Between Novel Polyethylene Glycol Derivatives
In order to prepare a physiologically active polypeptide conjugate using the polyethylene glycol derivatives prepared in Example 1, a conjugate was prepared using a triple agonist peptide, GLP-1/Glucagon/GIP, as a representative physiologically active peptide. The triple agonist peptide consists of 30 amino acids and it corresponds to a peptide including a cysteine residue. Accordingly, the triple agonist peptide was used for the comparison of reactivity of the thiol reactive group of the polyethylene glycol derivatives according to the present invention.
Additionally, linkers #2, #3, #5, #8, #9, and #11 having a molecular weight of about 10K (10,000 Da) were used as polyethylene glycol derivatives. In particular, although linkers #3 and #9 correspond to 10K pALD-PEG-SH (PEG which has a propionaldehyde group and a sulfhydryl group at each end), linker #9 is characterized in that it has an amide structure in front of a thiol reactive group, unlike linker #3. Additionally, linkers #2, #5, #8, and #11 correspond to 10K pALD-PEG-I (PEG which has a propionaldehyde group and an iodine group at each end), linkers #5 and #8 are characterized in that they have an amide structure in front of a thiol reactive group, unlike linkers #2 and #11.
After dissolving peptide powder in 10 mM HCl, for the PEGylation of 10K pALD-PEG-I and 10K pALD-PEG-SH to the cysteine residue of the peptide, the peptide and PEG were reacted at a molar ratio of 1:3 to 1:5 with a reaction concentration of 3 mg/mL at room temperature for about 2 hours. In particular, the reaction was performed in the presence of 50 mM sodium citrate (pH 5.0) or 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.5) and 60% isopropanol (IPA). Upon completion of SDS-PAGE analysis, the reactivity of each thiol reactive group was compared by a band integration method (FIG. 18 ). Upon confirmation of the reactivity, it was confirmed that the PEG which is characterized by having an having an amide structure in front of the thiol group has superior reactivity to the PEG which does not have an amide structure in front of the thiol group.
Example 3: Preparation of a Conjugate Between a Physiologically Active Polypeptide and an Immunoglobulin Fc Using a Novel Polyethylene Glycol Derivative
In order to prepare a conjugate between a physiologically active polypeptide and an immunoglobulin Fc using the polyethylene glycol derivatives prepared in Example 1, a conjugate was prepared using the peptide mentioned in Example 2.
First, linker #7 having a molecular weight of about 10K (10,000 Da) was used as the polyethylene glycol derivative. In particular, linker #7 corresponds to pALD-PEG-OPSS with a molecular weight of about 10K (PEG which has a propionaldehyde group and ortho-pyridyl disulfide group at each end). After dissolving peptide powder in 10 mM HCl, for the PEGylation of 10K pALD-PEG-OPSS to the cysteine residue of the peptide, the peptide and PEG were reacted at a molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:3 with a reaction concentration of 1 mg/mL or 3 mg/mL at room temperature for about 2 hours. In particular, the reaction was performed in the presence of 50 mM sodium citrate (pH 3.0 to pH 5.0) or 50 mM Tris (pH 8.0) and 60% isopropanol.
Additionally, linkers #8, and #9 having a molecular weight of about 10K (10,000 Da) were used as polyethylene glycol derivatives. In particular, linker #8 corresponds to 10K pALD-PEG-IA with a molecular weight of about 10K (PEG which has a propionaldehyde group and iodoacetamide (IA) at each end) and linker #9 corresponds to 10K pALD-PEG-SH with a molecular weight of about 10K (PEG which has a propionaldehyde group and a sulfhydryl group at each end).
For the preparation of a conjugate using the pALD-PEG-IA and pALD-PEG-SH as linkers, the PEGylation reaction was performed in the same condition as in Example 2 and the reaction solution was purified using the SP-HP (GE Healthcare, USA) column which utilized a buffer containing sodium citrate (pH 3.0) and a 45% EtOH and KCl concentration gradient.
Then, after being conjugated to each reactive group, the purified mono-PEGylated peptide and immunoglobulin Fc were reacted at a molar ratio of 1:5 with the total protein concentration of 20 mg/mL at 4° C. for 15 hours. In particular, 20% isopropanol and 20 mM sodium cyanoborohydride, as a reducing agent, were added to 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer as the reaction solution.
Upon completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was applied to a Source 15Q (GE Healthcare, USA) column using a NaCl concentration gradient in a Bis-Tris (pH 6.5) buffer and then applied to a Source ISO (GE Healthcare, USA) column using a concentration gradient of (NH4)2SO4 and Tris (pH 7.5) buffer, and thereby the triple agonist-10K PEG-IgFc conjugate was purified. The purity of the thus-prepared conjugate sample was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis, and the molecular weight of the conjugate of the triple agonist and PEG was confirmed. Then, the molecular weight of the triple agonist-10K PEG-IgFc conjugate, in which an IgFc was linked to the PEG conjugated to the triple agonist, was confirmed in a non-reducing condition. The experimental results thereof are shown in FIGS. 19 to 21 .
From the foregoing, a skilled person in the art to which the present invention pertains will be able to understand that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without modifying the technical concepts or essential characteristics of the present invention. In this regard, the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. On the contrary, the present invention is intended to cover not only the exemplary embodiments but also various alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and other embodiments that may be included within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (17)

The invention claimed is:
1. A polyethylene glycol compound of Formula 1 below, a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00035
wherein, in Formula 1 above,
R1 is aldehyde;
each of L1 to L3 is independently a linear or branched C1-6 alkylene;
R2 is thiol or halogen; and
n is an integer of 200 to 2400.
2. The polyethylene glycol compound, stereoisomer thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 1,
wherein R2 is thiol or iodine.
3. The polyethylene glycol compound, stereoisomer thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 1,
wherein the polyethylene glycol compound is selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by Formula 7, 8, 10, or 11 below:
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00036
wherein, in Formula 7, 8, 10, or 11, n is an integer of 200 to 2400.
4. A method for preparing a complex comprising a physiologically active polypeptide and a polyethylene glycol compound, in which the polyethylene glycol compound is attached to the physiologically active polypeptide,
said method comprising reacting the polyethylene glycol compound, stereoisomer thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt according to claim 1 with a physiologically active polypeptide to obtain the complex.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the thiol or halogen as R2 reacts with a thiol group of a cysteine residue of the physiologically active polypeptide.
6. The method of claim 4, further comprising purifying the complex.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of a hormone, a cytokine, an enzyme, an antibody, a growth factor, a transcription factor, a blood factor, a vaccine, an insulinotropic peptide, a neuropeptide, a pituitary hormone, an anti-obesity peptide, an antiviral peptide, a non-native peptide derivative having a physiological activity, a structural protein, a ligand protein, and a receptor.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of glucagon; insulin; somatostatin; peptide YY (PYY); neuropeptide Y (NPY); glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2); exendin-3; exendin-4; oxyntomodulin; a peptide having an activity on a glucagon receptor, a GLP-1 receptor, and a GIP receptor; fibroblast growth factor; ghrelin; angiotensin; bradykinin; calcitonin; corticotropin; eledoisin; gastrin; leptin; oxytocin; vasopressin; luteinizing hormone; luteotropin; follicle-stimulating hormone; parathyroid hormone; secretin; sermorelin; human growth hormone (hGH); a growth hormone-releasing peptide; a granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (GCSF); an interferon (IFN); an interleukin; a prolactin-releasing peptide; orexin; a thyroid-releasing peptide; cholecystokinin; a gastrin inhibitory peptide; calmodulin; a gastric-releasing peptide; motilin; a vasoactive intestinal peptide; an atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP); a B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP); a C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP); neurokinin A; neuromedin; renin; endothelin; sarafotoxin peptide; carsomorphin peptide; dermorphin; dynorphin; endorphin; enkepalin; a T cell factor; tumor necrosis factor; a tumor necrosis factor receptor; a urokinase receptor; a tumor inhibitory factor; a collagenase inhibitor; thymopoietin; thymulin; thymopentin; thymosin; thymic humoral factor; adrenomedullin; allatostatin; an amyloid β-protein fragment; an antibacterial peptide; an antioxidant peptide; bombesin; osteocalcin; a CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) peptide; E-selectin; ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1); VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1); leucokine; kringle-5; laminin; inhibin; galanin; fibronectin; pancreastatin; fuzeon; an interferon receptor; a G protein-coupled receptor; an interleukin receptor; an enzyme; an interleukin-binding protein; a cytokine-binding protein; a macrophage-activating factor; a macrophage peptide; B cell factor; protein A; an allergy inhibitor; cell necrosis glycoprotein; immunotoxin; lymphotoxin; a tumor inhibitory factor; a metastasis growth factor; α-1-antitrypsin; albumin; α-lactalbumin; apolipoprotein-E; erythropoietin; highly glycosylated erythropoietin; angiopoietin; hemoglobin; thrombin; a thrombin receptor-activating peptide; thrombomodulin; blood factors VII, VIIa, VIII, IX, and XIII; a plasminogen-activating factor; a fibrin-binding peptide; urokinase; streptokinase; hirudin; protein C; C-reactive protein; a renin inhibitor; superoxide dismutase; a platelet-derived growth factor; an epidermal growth factor; an epithelial cell growth factor; angiostatin; angiotensin; an osteogenic growth factor; an osteogenesis-promoting protein; atriopeptin; a cartilage-inducing factor; elcatonin; a connective tissue-activating factor; a tissue factor pathway inhibitor; luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone; a nerve growth factor; relaxin; somatomedin; insulin-like growth factor; adrenocortical hormone; a pancreatic polypeptide; a gastrin-releasing peptide; corticotropin-releasing factor; thyroid-stimulating hormone; autotoxin; lactoferrin; myostatin; a cell surface antigen; a virus-derived vaccine antigen; monoclonal antibody; polyclonal antibody; an antibody fragment; an erythropoietic growth factor; leukopoietin; amylin; and an analog thereof.
9. A method for preparing a conjugate in which a physiologically active polypeptide and a carrier protein are linked via a polyethylene glycol compound, comprising:
(a) reacting the polyethylene glycol compound, a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1 with any one of a physiologically active polypeptide or the carrier protein, thereby preparing a polyethylene glycol compound complex, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide or the carrier protein is attached to one end of the polyethylene glycol compound and the other end of the polyethylene glycol compound has a reactive end group; and
(b) reacting the polyethylene glycol compound complex prepared in step (a) above, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide or the carrier protein is attached to one end of the polyethylene glycol compound and the other end of the polyethylene glycol compound has a reactive end group, with the other one between the physiologically active polypeptide or carrier protein, so as to link the carrier protein or physiologically active polypeptide to the reactive end group of the polyethylene glycol compound complex, thereby preparing the conjugate in which the physiologically active polypeptide and the carrier protein are linked via a polyethylene glycol compound,
wherein the polyethylene glycol compound of step (a) above has a structure of Formula 1 below:
Figure US11603346-20230314-C00037
wherein, in Formula 1 above,
R1 is an aldehyde group;
each of L1 to L3 is independently a linear or branched C1-6 alkylene;
R2 is thiol or halogen; and
n is an integer of 200 to 2400.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of a hormone, a cytokine, an enzyme, an antibody, a growth factor, a transcription factor, a blood factor, a vaccine, an insulinotropic peptide, a neuropeptide, a pituitary hormone, an anti-obesity peptide, an antiviral peptide, a non-native peptide derivative having a physiological activity, a structural protein, a ligand protein, and a receptor.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein step (a) is to react R2 of the polyethylene glycol compound having the structure of Formula 1 above with a thiol group located at the cysteine residue of the physiologically active polypeptide.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein step (b) is to react an aldehyde end group of the polyethylene glycol compound with an amine group of the carrier protein.
13. The method of claim 9, further comprising purifying the conjugate, wherein the physiologically active polypeptide and the carrier protein are linked via a polyethylene glycol compound.
14. The method of claim 9, wherein the carrier protein is albumin and a fragment thereof, a polymer of a repeating unit of a particular amino acid sequence, antibody, an antibody fragment, an FcRn-binding material, fibronectin, transferrin, saccharide, or elastin.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the FcRn-binding material is an immunoglobulin Fc fragment.
16. A method for preparing the polyethylene glycol compound of claim 1, comprising:
(a) introducing an aldehyde as R1 to one end of a polyethylene glycol; and
(b) introducing the structure of —NH(CO)L3-R2 to the other end of the polyethylene glycol, wherein R2 is thiol or halogen; and L3 is a linear or branched C1-6 alkylene.
17. The polyethylene glycol compound, stereoisomer thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 1, which is capable of linking a physiologically active polypeptide and a carrier protein.
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