US1157592A - Electrical machine. - Google Patents

Description

J. E. SEELEY.

ELECTRICAL MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED IAN.27. I9I3.

1,157,592. Patented OCI. 19, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

' 4 V r T I. E. SEELEY.

ELECTRICAL MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED IAN.27, 1913.

1,157,592. l v)Patented Oct. 19, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

i a HW.

Rafe/piaf JAMES E. SEELEY, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

ELECTRICAL MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented ct. l, 1915.

lApplication filed January 27, 1913. Serial No. 744,286.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES E. SEELEY,

i a citizen of the United States, residing at c of which the following is a specication.

rlhis invention relates to an electrical machine for X-ray and other similar uses; and relates particularly to a mechanical einbodimeiit of my oscillation circuit which I have explained and described in a co-pending application bearing S. N. 744,334, filed on the 27th day of January, 1913. As I have explained in said application, my improved oscillation circuit is particularly applicable to X-ray work at great efficiency; and the present invention has to do with the electrical and mechanical appliances giving practicable form to my oscillation circuit.

rI'here are several features which I wish to particularly emphasize in the following specifications: and I have shown the preferred details in the accompanying drawings, in which: n

Figure 1 is a sectional plan taken as indicated by line 1-1 of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section taken as indicated by line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detail section and end view of the controller taken as indicated by line 3-3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a section taken as indicated by line 4-4 of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an enlargement of a portion of Fig. 1, showing the adjustable spark gap. Fig. 6 is a partial section and partial end view of my improved form of impedance coil. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the same, parts being broken away and shown in section. Fig. 8 is a diagram of theelectrical connections of the whole mechanism.

In the drawings 10 designates a suitable case of any desired character which may be provided with a cover 11 and with any other necessary or useful appurtenances. The case has a removable top 12 below which all of its mechanisms and electrical parts are placed. A vertical partition 13 divides a chamber 14 from theremainder of the case, which chamber I shall designate the controlling mechanism chamber; and the other portion of the case is divided into two compartments by a horizontal shelf 15 resting upon .suitable corner pieces 16.V

Below this shelf I arrange my condensers 17 and 18 and the impedance coil 19 and above the shelf 16 I place the induction coils 20 whose primaries are included in the oscillation circuit of the condenser 18 and whose secondaries are included in the discharge circuit of the terminals 21 and 22.

In the controlling mechanism chamber 14 are arranged the step-up transformer 30, the controller 31, and the spark gap apparatus 32. The transformer 30 may be of any desired character; I prefer a series arrangement of wiring. The controller and spark gap apparatus are my own novel design; and will be hereinafter explained in detail.

Controller' 31 is comprised essentially in a rotatable grooved drum 40 preferablv of insulating material having longitudinal peripheral grooves 41; and a series of contacts 42 and 43 of such nature as to spring into the grooves 41 whenever the grooves come opposite their ends. The contacts are eight in number, and the grooves of equal number; and four of the grooves are provided with contact pins 44 arranged as is shown in Figs. 3 and 4, projecting above the bottoms of the grooves and connecting with central shaft 45. The pins are so arranged that,

. upon rotation of the drum 40 in the direction indicated, they will come into successive engagement with the contacts 43 successively from left to right in Fig. 4 and then into engagement with contacts 43 from left to right in Fig. 1. In the normal, or off, position of the controller one of the pins 44 stands beneath the contact 42. This contact 42 is provided with acontact piece 46 which is thus lifted out of engagement with a contact piece 47 mounted upon the conductor 48 having a tongue 49 contacting with the central shaft 45. The main connection of one side of the electrical circuit is made to the controller through the contact 42 and contact pieces 46 and 47 and thence to the central .shaft 45; so that, when the contact 42 is lifted, as shown in Fig. 3, the main connection to the controller is broken. Immediately the controller is rotated one step in the direction indicated in Fig. 3, the contact 42 is dropped and the connection is thus made to the central shaft 45. By the same movement one of the pins 44 is thrown directly under the contact 43 first to the right of contact 42 in Fig. 4 and connection is thus completed through from contact 42 to contact 43. Two more steps of rotation will throw the two next pins 44 under the two next contacts 43;

and likewise, the neXt step will throw the contact pin farthest to the left in Fig. 4 under the contact 43a shown in Fig. 3, being the contact 43a farthest tothe left in Fig. .1.: and successive rotations will throw the pins under successive contacts 43a. There are thus eight ditlerent positions of the controller; one position for throwing the circuit entirely open and seven dil'l'erent controlling positions. Y

The impedance coil may be constructed as is shown in Figs. 6 and 7 with an endless core. These coil sections are designated generally by the numeral 19; and their ends 61 are led out to bc connected by wires 62 (see Fig. .7) to the respective contacts 43 and 43a. One end of the impedance coil is connected directly by wires 68 to the primary 64 of transformer 30. The other end of the coil is connected by one of wires 62 lto the contact '43 which is engaged by one'of the pins 44 when the controller is in its position No. 1; and the other leads 61 of the coils 19aV are connected by wires 62 to the various contacts 43 and 43a in such manner Athat rotation of the controller in the direction indicated will gradually cut down the amount of the impedance coil in the circuit leading to the primary 64. The contact 42 of the controller is connected directly to the source ol current supply (which current .supply may be of any variable nature, either alternating or interrupted) by a suitable connection 65; and the other side of the primary 64 is connected by a suitable wire 66 to the source of current. I provide abridgin'g switch 67 with connections 68 and 69 for bridging the circuit between wires 65 and the primary 64 for the purpose of entirely cutting out the controller 31 and the impedance coils 19. This bridging switch 67 I prefer to have operated by a button 70 conveniently arranged in any part of the machine. Pressure on thel button suilices to close the normally open switch 67 and to bridge around the. impedance coils 19 and supply full current to the primary 64 of transformer 30. This arrangement provides that the full power of the machine may be used temporarily when desired; and lI attachv especial importance to this feature. In making X-ray observations, the ordinary osr low power of the machine may be'used with the impedancecoil in circuit and with the controller at any suitable position. 'After the particular parts wished to be especially observed or photographed have been located, then the switch 67 may be momentarily closed to give full power and to make a clear image of the parts desired to be viewed or photographed. This feature is of especial importance in photographing for medical and surgical purposes, as it allow use of comparatively-low power lfor the eX- tended time necessary for the preliminary investigation and allows of momentary use of sutlicient energy to produce a clear photographic negative in a very few seconds. Also', the normal use of low power and only momentary use of high power greatly lengthens the life of the X-ray tube.

rlhe secondary of the transformer is connected by wires 76 and 77 directly with the main condenser.17 and this main con-A denser is connected on one side by wire 78 directly with the oscillation condenser 18 and on the other side by wires 79 and 80 through spark gap apparatus 32 to the oscillation condenser. The oscillation condenser is connected by wires or other suitable conductors 81 and 82 with one end of each of the induction coil primaries 83, the other ends of the primaries being connected together by conductor 84. The secondaries 85 of the induction coils are individually connected in series with their respective pri- `maries being also connected together at one end by the conductor 84 and at the other ends connecting to the discharge terminals 21 and 22.

The detail construction of the spark gap apparatus is shown in Fig. 5. I provide a stationary standard 90, which carries stationary terminal 91 secured thereto by means of a bolt 92 and provided with a heat radiating device 93. preferably made of thin copper sheet. Both the stationary terminal 91 and the adjustable terminal 94 are provided with facings 95 adapted to continuously withstand the discharge. The adjustable terminal 94 is similar to the stationary terminal 91, being bolted to the movable standard 96 and having a heat radiator 93. The bolt 97 extends, as is shown in Fig. 5v, into a threaded sleeve 98,Y which, may be rotatedv through the -'medium of a hand wheel 99 to move the adjustable terminal 94 to and from the stationary terminal 91. The standard 96 is mounted upon a spring frame 100 arranged with parallel sides attached to the lbase 101 and the standard 96; the arrangement being such that the standard 96 and the adjustable terminal 94 always move into positions parallel with their initial posi! tions, so thaty the discharge faces 95 shall always be parallel with each other.

lll

The induction coils 20 are preferably made with their primaries and secondaries 83 and 85 of Hat copper strip wound in spiral form. The primaries are wound outside of the block of wax or composition or other insulating material '105 in which the secondaries are set. The outer ends of the secondaries are connected with the primaries while the inner ends of the secondaries connect directly with the terminals 21 and 22. The insulating material 105 is poured -around the secondary 85 within a paste board or other suitabley cylinder 106. f This cylinder 106 is joined to the shelf 15 by setting in a groove 107, as shown in Fig. 2, thus making a liquid-tight joint. The importance of this construction 1s seen when it is pointed out that the insulating compound 105 must have a low melting point so that it will not burn the secondary insulation (preferably of paper) when poured around it; and that the insulating material may consequently easily re-liquefy.

.In the operation of my improved machine the general power of discharge may be regulated by operation ofv the controller 3l; while momentary full power may be attained by the closure of switch 67. Opening and closing of the spark gap changes the quality of the discharge; in general, the discharge is more even and uniform when the gap is small and of a more disruptive nature when the gap is increased.

I have shown and explained, in my copendin application, the operation of my oscillation circuit. Briefly, I provide that the gap resistance need be broken down but once for each train of oscillations; and the oscillations take place in a closed circuit'of relatively little resistance. This means high oscillation eliciency, a large proportion of the initial energy ultimately appearing in the oscillating currents.

Having described my invention, I claim:

l. In an X-ray machine, a high tension discharge circuit, an energizing circuit for the high tension circuit, an lmpedance coil and a controller therefor in series in said energizing circuit, and a manually operable switch connected into said circuit around the impedance coil and controller.

2. In lan X-ray machine, a high tension discharge circuit, an energizing circuit for the high tension circuit, an impedance coil and a controller therefor in series in said energizing circuit, and a normally open manually operable switch connected into said circuit around the impedance coil and controller.

3. In an X-ray machine, a condenser, a high tension discharge circuit therefor, an energizing circuit for the condenser and high tension discharge circuit, an impedance coil in said energizing circuit comprising a plurality of coil Sections connected together, a controller in said energizing circuit adapted to throw the coil sections into and out of said circuit, and a normally open manually operable switch connected into said circuit around the impedance coil and controller and adapted to form a low resistance bypass around the impedance coil and con'- troller. v

In Witness that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto subscribed my name this 9th day of January 1913.

JAMES E. SEELEY. Witnesses:

ELWooD H. BARKELEW,

JAMES T. BARKELEW.

Images