US1157094A - Transmitting and receiving signals. - Google Patents

Description

RENEWED SEPT. I0 1M5.

Enema 0m. 10,1915.

WITNEBQEQ:

23.4. jaa id @FFTQE.

REGINALD A. FESSENDEN,

MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO SAMUEL M. KINTNER, AND HALSEY M. BARRETT, OF BLOOMFIELD,

OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,-ASSIGNOR, BY

OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, NEW JERSEY, RECEIVERS.

TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING SIGNALS.

Original application filed June 2, 1900, Serial No. 18,878.

Divided and this application filed May 4, 1904, Serial No. 206,392. Renewed Serial No, 53,441. September 10, 1915, Seria1.No. 50,106.

2" 0 all whom it may concern.

I Be it known that I, REGINALD A. Fnssmr- DEN, a citizen of the United States, resid ng at lVashington, in the District of Columbia,. have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Transmitting and Receiving Signals, of which the following is especification.

The invention described herein relates to certain improvements in the transmission and receipt of electromagnetic waves or im pulses-particularly for signaling by wireless telegraphy.

The present invention has for. its object the practical transmission and receipt of impulses representing signals or messages without mutual interference of the two operations, and also the transmission and receipt of independent signal elements during the same'time.

The invention is hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

In theaCcOmpanying, drawings forming a part of this specification I have shown partly in diagram'apparatus for carrying out my invention.

In the practice of my invention a vertical generating Wire or generating surface, 5 ,'is connected at the sending station according to the so-called impulsive type of connection to a terminal or knob it of an induction coil l Thesecondary coil is connected as usual to both discharge terminals of the induction coil and also to ground. The primary of the induction coil is in cluded in the circuit of a generator 2 and in said circuit is included a circuit make and break mechanism. A convenient form of make and break mechanism consists of a metal disk 3 mounted upon'a shaft 20'and electrically connected therewith. The shaft is connected to one pole of the generator 2. The disk 3 is provided with a shoulder 22 adapted when the disk is rotatedto strike against the plate 23 connected to the opposite pole of the generator 2. The disk 3 is adjustably held in osition-on the shaft and may be clamped in any desired position.

By rotation of the shaft the circuit of the generator will be made'and broken at each rotation. As the periodicityof the magnetic Waves is dependent upon the self-induction Specification of 'Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 19, 1915. Divided and application ifiled March 29} 1901,

multiplied by the capacity and as self-induction and capacity of the sending wire vary with the length and the diameter of the \vire, the latter is so proportioned, as by varying its length as .to give the desired periodicity.

he receiver at the distant station is essentially like the transmitter and its receiving Wire is adjusted to have substantially the same periodicity as the sending wirec'. 0., the wire or generating surface at the receiving station and the corresponding wire at the sending station have the same value of the quantity self-induction multiplied by the capacity. The tuning of this pair-of wires may be'done conveniently by slightly varying the length or diameter 'of one of them. The mechanism controlled or operated by the voltages or current induced in the reknown in the art,-that the recording or indicating mechanism connected to the receiving wlre will be acted on or operated only by the voltages or currents induced by the magnetic waves from the correspondingwire at thev sending station. As for example, the indicating mechanism connected to the receiving wire 5 will not be acted on or operated by any voltages or current other than that induced by magnetic waves generated by the sending wire 5.

Any suitable form or construction of mechanism may be employed for recording or indicating the signals received. As for example, the coherer 2% arranged in the circuit of the grounded receiving wire.-

This coherer is also included'as is customary in circuit 25* from a generator 26, said circuit also including portions of the recording or indicating mechanism 33. The re cording mechanism or other indicator may be of any preferred type.

In lieu of a coherer, mechanism may be employed for transforming the current or voltages induced by the magnetic waves into energy of motion as shown and described in Patent Number 706,735. This mechanism is a current operated, low resistance, cumulatively acting, constantly receptive, receiver adapted to transform the energy of the received electromagnetic waves directly into the energy of motion. In the drawing is shown a form of such mechanism, which consists of a coil 7 in series with the receiving wire and a ring or element 8 so sup- 5 ported in the coil that a plane at right an-- gles to the aXis of the ring or element will be at an angle oit' approximately with a plane at right angles to the axis of the coil.

This ring is balanced on knife edges or supv 15 tion of the ring will normally rest lightly thereon. This microphoniccontact, the element 8 and the conducting pivotal support 13 for the latter, form parts of a circuit from a generator 15. The indicating mech- 2o anism may be directly or indirectly controlled by the circuit of generator 15.

As the wire or'suniace 5 at one'station may be employed both for generating and receiving the magnetic waves, as signals are 2:; sent or received, the indicating or receiving mechanism and the generating mechanism are connected to said wire or surface as shown in the drawing. in order to protect the indicating or receiving mechanism when as sending messages, a switch mechanism is interposed between the wire or surface '5 and said indicating mechanism.- A convenient form or construction of such switch consists of a cylinder 4:3 of insulating material 3% mounted on the shaft and metal springs 44 bearing on the cylinder. A metal band is placed on the cylinder in line with the springs 44c, said band extending around the cylinder except for a distance a little to greater than the peripheral length of the knob on the disk 3 of the circuit breaker. The band 45 is so arranged that the springs a l will not be in contact with the band when the knob 22 is in contact with the cuit of the transmitting mechanism and at the corresponding period the receiving mechanism will be cut out by the break and M make of the switch 44, l5. Obviously I am enabled by means of the above apparatus to signal by generating electrical impulses and to render the receiver unresponsive during the time of such generation and to receive impulses by rendering the receiver sensitive alternately to association with the senei g and receiving apparatus while sending, the

.paratus being too short to permit int 'trical si ;nals, each signal consisting a groups in the train, and rendering sa during the time when the sending impuises are not being emitted and to cause such conditions to succeed each other so rapidly practically to effect simultaneous transmission and reception of signals. yo I This application is a division of my prior application Ser. No. 53,441, filed March 29, 1901, {now Patent No. 'ZZ'LOM) which a division of an earlier application rice 18,878, tiled June 2, 1900, which latter ap plication has resulted in Patent No. 'Yili'fifiii.

What I claim and desire to, secure by Iii-ct ters' Patent is: i

1. In the art of electric signaling. the method of sin'iultanconsly sending ant receiving signals which comprises rendering the receiver at the sending station alter nately responsive and unresponsiveperiod cally while sending, the period of interrup tion being too short to interfere with the re ceived signals and the receiver bei sponsive during the intervening non-tench intervals. 7 i

2. In wireless telegraphy, the method of simultaneously sending and receiving mes sages which comprises shifting the antenna )GIlOClS of interru tion of the recei ii; an

ence with signals composed of trains of rate groups of waves, and the signal sent occupying the interval of interruption, substantially as described.

3. In the art oi "wireless signaling, 11cc method which consists'in transmitting elec train of rapidly succeeding groups 0. pulses, and rendering the receiver a; sending station unresponsive during M19 times of gene ation of such groups impulses in the train, while leaving it responsive during the time intervals between the separate groups in a train.

a. In the art of wireless signaling, ti" method which consists in generating sigmal consisting each of a train of separate group oi electromagnetic waves, and cutting on he sensitive member of a receiving ratus at the sending station during the time of actual generation of each group,arnd cut ting the same in during the intervals between times of generation. v

5. In the art of wireless signaling, the method which consists in generating a train of separated groups of electric impulses t form a signal, and renderinga receiver at the sending station insensitive during the times of such generation of l ceivcr sensitive during the intervening time intervals. i

G. In the art method which consists generating rapid succeeding separate groups of electric int of Wireless signaling the fir .pulses, rendering a receiver at the sending station insensitive durin the time of gener-, 'ation of each group an rendering said receiver sensitive during all the intervening times.

7. The method of simultaneously transmitting and receiving signals by electromagnetic waves which comprises sending a multiple-group of waves of definite and high frequency, a train of such groups constituting a signal and altering the operative relation of a normally sensitive receiver to the antenna at the sending station to make itinsensitive only during the actual time of sending each group of waves.

8. In Wireless signaling the method of sending signals each consisting of a train of separated and rapidly succeeding groups of electric impulses and meantime altering the operative relation to the antenna of a receiver at the sending station so that it is insensitive during the times of sending each group, and sensltive inthe intervals between the multiple groups of impulses forming the signal.

9. In the art of Wireless signaling, the

method of simultaneously sending and receiving messages, Which comprises transmitting signals composed ofelelnents, each element comprising a number of groups of impulses, and each impulse comprising. a number'of high frequency oscillations, and rendering a receiver at the sendingstation un-' responsive during thetime of actual emis sion of each group of the elements, While leaving it responsive durin'g the intervening time intervals. I

REGINALD A. FESSENDEN.

Witnesses: I

THOMAS PZ'BURNE, JESSIE E. BENT.

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