US1154533A

US1154533A - Governing mechanism for turbines.

Info

Publication number: US1154533A
Authority: US
Inventors: Sanford A Moss
Original assignee: General Electric Co
Current assignee: General Electric Co
Priority date: 1914-04-09
Filing date: 1914-04-09
Publication date: 1915-09-21
Anticipated expiration: 1932-09-21

Description

s. A; MOSS.

GOVERNING MECHANlSM FOR TURBINES. APPLICATION FILED APR. 9,191}.

54,533. Pat-emedse m; 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

g InventoE B s MOS S,

a by $669.

Witnesses:

SJA. MOSS. Y GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED APR.9|19I4.

1,154,533, Patented Sept. 21,1915;

2 SHEETS S HEET 2.

Fig.5.

Witnesses-:-

. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SANFORD A. MOSS, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 21, 1915.

Application filed April 9, 1914. Serial No. 830,781.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SANFORD A. Moss, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lynn, county of Essex, State of Massaohu-- setts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Governing Mechanism forturbine through which low pressure steam may be supplied from some suitable source to the turbine or through which low pressure steam may be extracted for industrial purposes.

The primary object of the present invention is to provide an improved governing mechanism which is simple in structure, will give close regulation when the machine is operating either mixed pressure or extraction and which will maintain the stage pressure constant In the intermediate stage with which the low pressure conduit communione end of the floating lever 29. At an intercates.

For a consideration of what I believe to be novel and my invention, attention is directed to the accompanying description and claims appended thereto.

Referring to the, drawing, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic View showing my control mechanism applied to-a mixed pressure or extraction turbine; Fig. 2 is a side view of a turbo-generator set to which a control mechanism such as illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. l is applicable; Fig. 3 is a modified form of my invention as applied to a turbocompressor set, and Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a turbo-compressor to which the arrangement as shown in Fig. 3 may be applied.

Referring first to Fig. 2, 5 is a turbogenerator set, the turbine receiving high pressure fluid through the valve mechanism 6 and exhausting through the conduit 7. This turbine is shown as being of'the mixed pressure or extraction type and is adapted to either receive low pressure steam or have apparent.

control valve mechanism 6, which may be of any suitable form, is operated by the motor 10 controlled bythe pilot valve 11. 12 1s a ring valve controllingthe flow of low pressure fluid at an intermediate stage of the machine. This ring valve is operated by the motor 13 controlled by the pilot valve 14-. 15 1s a governor, here shown as being a speed governor. Operated by the speed governor 1s a governor lever 16 fulcrumed at 17. The free end of the lever 16 is pivotally connected to a three arm lever 18 at the point Where the arms join to each other. The arm 18 of this lever is connected through the link 19,-

lever 20, link 21, bell crank lever 22, floating lever 23 and link 24 to the stem of pilot valve 14. The upper end of the floating lever 23 is pivoted to the arm 25 at a point between its ends. One end of the arm 25 is pivoted'as at 26, while the. opposite end is connected to the piston of the motor 13 through rod 27. This forms a well-known form of follow-up device; for preventing overtravel of the valve as will be readily A second arm 18 of the three arm lever 18 is connected through link 28 to forming the usual type of follow up device.

The third arm 18 of the three arm lever is connected by link 35 to a movable abutment 36. This movable abutment is here shown in the form of a diaphragm made after the fashion of a bellows, the interior of which is subjected to the pressure in the stage of the turbine with which the low pressure conduit 8 communicates through the 'pipe 37. The diaphragm can be regulated for any pressure by the adjustable spring 36 At 38 and 39 are shown suitable stops for limiting the movement of the governor lever and three arm lever respectively. The second arm of the bell crank lever 22 is connected by rod 40 to the lever 41 which is pivoted at 42 to a fixed support. This lever 11 has a'handle 43 by which it may be operated for a particular purpose as will be referred to later.

The operation of the control mechanism is as follows: Assuming the turbine to be operating either as a mixed pressure machine or i.

. ment as has already been described in connection with Fig. 1 and the same reference an extraction machine and the pressure in the intermediate stage constant, any variation in speed will cause the speed governor to move the lever 16. This will either raise or lower the three arm lever 18 thereby moving the pilot valves '11 and 14 to cause the high pressure valve and ring valve to open or close according to the direction of the movement. If a variation of pressure occurs in the stage with which the conduit 8 communicates, this variation will be transmitted to the movable abutment 36 through the pipe 37, thereby tilting the three arm lever 18 in one direction or the other. As will be clear from an inspection of the drawing, this will cause a differential movement of the pilot valves 11 and 14. For example, if the pressure on the movable abutment increases so as to tilt the three arm lever in a clockwise direction, the arm 18 of the three arm lever connected to the high pressure valve will be lowered whereby the pilot valve 11 will be operated to cause the motor 10 to slightly close the high pressure valve. At the same time the arm 18 of the three arm lever connected to the ring valve will be raised thereby operating the pilot valve 14 and causing the ring valve 12 to open. As will be obvious this will diminish the supply of high pressure steam and at the same time will permit the low pressure steam to flow more rapidly through the turbine, thusprovidingfor a greater consumption of low pressure steam. This will reduce the pressure to the normal value.

When it is desired to operate the machine as a straight high pressure unit the lever 41 is turned in' a clockwise direction on the pivot 42. This will shift the pilot valve 14 causing the motor 13 to throw the ring valve 12 wide open.

Referring now to Figs. 3 and 4, I have here illustrated my invention as being applied to a turbo-compressor set. In Fig. 4, 45 indicates a rotary compressor driven by a mixed pressure or extraction turbine 46. Air to the compressor is drawn in through the conduit 47 and discharged through the outlet 48. The high pressure and low pressure valve mechanism, the motors for operating the same, the three arm lever, and the bellows diaphragm have the same arrangenumerals have accordingly been applied to these parts. In Fig. 3 the three arm lever is moved by the link 49 which passes through the guide. 50 and is connected to the floating lever 51 at an intermediate point. One end of this floating lever is connected bylink 52 to the governor lever 53 which in turn is connected to the stem 54 of the constant volume governor 55. This constant volume governor comprises a disk located in the inlet conduit of the compressor and operated speed. The turbine is primarily under the control of the constant volume governor 55, which governor operates in the same manner as the speed governor 15 in Fig. 1 to control the turbine so as to cause the compressor to deliver a constant volume of fluid. In view of the description given of the operation in connection with Fig. 1 the operation of the arrangement shown in Fig. 3 will be obvious.

While Lhave shown the turbine as being under the control of a constant volume governor, it is clear that I may use a governor responsive to other operating conditions. For example, in place ofthe constant volume governor I may use a constant pressure or constant suction governor. In the claims it is accordingly to be understood that the term governor is used in its generic sense and is intended to cover either a speed governor, a constant volume governor, or other type of governing mechanism.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of my invention together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative, and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. In a turbine having a high pressure valve mechanism and a low pressure valve mechanism, a regulating means therefor comprising a governor, a governor lever, a lever connected between its ends to the governor lever so as to be moved thereby, means for connecting one end of said lever to the high pressure valve mechanism and the other end to the low pressure valve mechanism, and means responsive to the pressure in an intermediate stage for tilting said lever.

2. In a turbine having a high pressure valve mechanism, a low pressure valve mechanism and motors for operating the same, a regulating means therefor comprising a governor, a governor lever, a three arm lever, means connecting the governor lever to the three arm lever so that the governor lever may move the same, means for controlling 'the motors operated from the ends of two of sage of steam;therethrough and a conduit and an emergencygovernor connec through which low pressure steam maybe admitted or extracted, a regulating mechanism therefor comprising a governor, a governor lever, a three arm lever, means con- .nectmgthe governor lever to the three arm lever at the'point where the arms join so that the governor lever may move the same,

a motor for the, valve'mechanism, a-pilot valve therefor, a second motor for the ring valve, a pilot valve-,for the second motor, means connecting two of the arms of the three arm lever to the pilot valves so as to operate the same. when the three arm lever is moved by the governor lever, a movable abutment responsive to changes in pressure,-

and means connecting the -movable abut-.

vice, a floating lever, a link connecting the floating lever from an intermediate point to v the three arm lever, a primary governor connected to one endof said floatin ted to the other end thereof.

5. In a turbine having a high pressure valve mechanism and a low pressure valve mechanism, a regulating means therefor comprlsmg a governor, a' lever operatively connected between its ends tothe governor I so as to be moved thereby, means for-connecting one end of said lever to the high pressure valve mechanism and the other end to the low pressure valve mechanism, and means responsive to the pressure. inan intermediate stage for tilting saidlever.

'6. In an elastic fluid turbine having a conduit connected to an intermediate stage thereof through which low pressure motive fluid may either flow to or be extracted from the turbine, the combination of a valve 'mechanism controlling thesupply of hi h pressure motive fluid thereto, a valve mec anism controlling the flow of motive fluid Zfrom .an intermediate stage to the next lower stage, a governor, a three arm lever,

means connecting the governor to the three arm lever so that the governor may move lever,

the lever to the high pressure valve mechanism and the 'second named valve mechanism respectively for operating the same, a pressureresponsive device, and means connecting it to the third arm of the lever so .the same, means for connecting two arms of as to tilt the lever in. response to pressure" variations.

7. In an elastic fluid turbine having a conduit connected to an intermediate stage thereof through which low pressure motive fluid may either flow to or be extracted from a turbine, the combination of a valvemech anism controlling the supply of high pressure motive fluid thereto, a nozzle section cut-01f valve controlling the flow of motive fluid therethrough, a governor,.-a lever, means connecting the governor to the lever so as' to move the same, means connecting the respective ends of the lever to thehigh pressure valve mechanism and the cut-off valve, a movable abutment responsive to the pressure inan intermediate stage, and

means for connecting it to the. lever to tilt the same. I

-' 8. In a system of the ch aracterdescribed,

having a high and a low pressure portion, the two portions being arranged serially as regards the flow of motive fluid, an inlet admitting fluid to thehigh pressure portion,

'an outlet, through-which fluid exhausts from the low pressure portion, a conduit through which fluid is free to gflow toward or away from the turbine and which is connected to the exhaust of the high pressure portion and the inlet of the low pressure portion, valve means for controlling the admlssion of fluid to the high pressure portion, a ported ring valve for adjusting the area of the passage through which flu1d flows to the low pressure portion, means sensitive to variations in pressure in the conduit which controlsboth of said valve means, said pressure.

means acting on the valve'means in the opposite sense, anda governor which also controls both of said valve means, said governor acting on both valve means in the same sense.

' In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this sixth da of April 1914.

1 .SA 0RD A. Moss,

Witnesses:

JOHNVA. MOMANUS, J r., Amman 'Atrs'rm Bnooxs.

.the'combination of an elastic fluid turbine