US11506814B2 - Fracturing design method and device of a horizontal well to be fractured based on fracturing potential - Google Patents
Fracturing design method and device of a horizontal well to be fractured based on fracturing potential Download PDFInfo
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of horizontal well fracturing design, especially relates to a fracturing design method and device of a horizontal well to be fractured based on fracturing potential.
- hydraulic fracturing of a horizontal well in the unconventional tight oil and gas exploitation process is an important means for improving effective utilization of a reservoir and improving the recovery ratio, and whether the design of a fracturing position and the length of a fracturing fracture is reasonable or not directly influences the oil and gas production and the final recovery ratio before fracturing is started.
- the lithology, physical properties and oil content of the compact reservoir has the characteristics of quick change, large difference, strong reservoir heterogeneity, and the development difficulty is high; the oil layer drilling rate is low, so that the volume fracturing optimization design of the horizontal well faces great challenges.
- the existing fracturing optimization design method has limitations, which mainly include: first, fracturing design can only be done in a uniform arrangement due to the lack of effective parameters that characterize the potential fracturing effect of the reservoir.
- the fracturing effect is not greatly influenced by the uniform arrangement of the fracturing points; however, when the heterogeneity of the reservoir is strong, the uniform arrangement causes the fractures generated by some fracturing points cannot meet the target requirement, and sometimes even can not to be fractured.
- fracturing positions such as acoustic logging, gamma, natural potential, etc.
- the parameters are not absolutely and uniformly arranged, the number and the positions of fracturing points are only roughly designed according to the size of the reference parameters, and the selection of the parameters is greatly limited, so that the final design result still has irrationality.
- the present invention provides a method and device for fracturing design of horizontal well to be fractured based on fracturing potential that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a fracturing design method for a horizontal well to be fractured based on fracturing potential, including the following steps:
- each fractured horizontal well located in the same reservoir stratum with the horizontal well to be fractured: obtaining the value of each index of each depth point for calculating the fracturing potential value; calculating the fracturing potential value of each depth point by using the value of each index of each depth point to obtain the fracturing potential value of each design fracturing point or each fracturing point;
- the first actual production data comprises the oil production of the fracturing points at each time step
- the first simulated production data comprises simulated oil production and simulated water production of each time step corresponding to the candidate design
- the step of calculating the fracturing potential value of each depth point by using the values of the index of each depth point comprises the following steps:
- the method further comprises the following steps:
- x a,b is the value of the a th index of the b th depth point;
- max(X a ) and min(X a ) represent maximum and minimum values of the index values of the a th item corresponding to all depth points respectively.
- the step of calculating the weight of the index according to the value of the index at each depth point comprises the following steps:
- the information entropy of the index is calculated according to the standard value of the index at each depth point as follows:
- E a is the information entropy of the index of the a th item
- the weight of each index is calculated according to the information entropy of each index:
- W a is the weight of the index of the a th item, 0 ⁇ W a ⁇ 1
- the step of calculating the fracturing potential value for the depth point comprises the following step:
- FP b represents the value of the fracturing potential at the b th depth point
- P a1,b is the standard value of the positive index of the item a1 th at the b th depth point
- P a1,b y a1,b
- N a2,b represents the standard value of the negative index of the a2 th item at the b th depth point
- a2 1, 2 . . . s2
- s2 is the number of items of the negative index
- s 1+s 2 s
- the subscripts max and min represent the maximum and minimum values of the standard values of the respective indices for all depth points respectively.
- the step of determining the first corresponding relation between the fracture conductivity value and the fracturing potential value and the second corresponding relation between the fracture half length and the fracturing potential value based on the fracturing potential value of each fracturing point of each fractured horizontal well and the first actual production data comprises the following steps:
- each fractured horizontal well calculates the fracture half length of each fracturing point according to the first actual production data of each fracturing point of the fractured horizontal well; calculating the fracture conductivity value of each fracturing point according to the fracturing potential value and the fracture half length of each fracturing point of the fractured horizontal well;
- training and learning are carried out on the basis of the fracture conductivity value and the fracturing potential value of each fracturing point of the fractured horizontal wells, and obtain the first corresponding relation between the fracture conductivity value and the fracturing potential value; and training and learning are carried out on the basis of the fracture half length and the fracturing potential value of each fracturing point of the fractured horizontal well to obtain a second corresponding relation between the fracture half length and the fracturing potential value.
- the step of calculating the fracture half length of the fracturing points comprises the following steps:
- the step of calculating the fracture conductivity value of each fracturing point according to the fracturing potential value and the fracture half length of each fracturing point of the fractured horizontal well comprises the following steps:
- the second simulated production data comprises simulated oil production of the target well section of the fractured horizontal well at each time step;
- the step of establishing a plurality of candidate models of fracture conductivity values comprises the following step:
- CD i ⁇ ⁇ 1 m ( CD max - CD min FP max - FP min ⁇ ( FP i ⁇ ⁇ 1 - FP c ) + CD c ) ⁇ ( 1 + ( - 1 ) m - 1 ⁇ round ⁇ ( m - 1 2 ) 10 ) ⁇ ( FP i ⁇ ⁇ 1 > FP )
- CD i1 m is the candidate value of fracture conductivity of the i1 th fracturing points of the m th candidate model of the fractured horizontal well
- n1, n1 represents the number of fracturing points of the fractured horizontal well;
- CD max and CD min represent the maximum value and the minimum value respectively of first calculation of the fracture conductivity value of all the fracturing points of the fractured horizontal well;
- FP max and FP min represent the maximum value and the minimum value of fracturing potential value of all fracturing points of the fractured horizontal well;
- FP t1 is the fracturing potential value of the i1 th fracturing points of the fractured horizontal well;
- FP c is the fracturing potential threshold of the reservoir;
- CD c is the predicted value of the base fracture conductivity.
- the step of calculating a fitting value of each of the second simulated production data and the second actual production data, and selecting a candidate model corresponding to a fitting value smaller than a preset fitting threshold as a selected model comprises the following steps:
- ⁇ m is the variance of the second simulated production data and the second actual production data corresponding to the m th candidate model
- Q m,j1 is the simulated oil production at the j1 th time step in the second simulated production data
- Q real,j1 is the actual oil production at the j1 th time step in the second actual production data
- the step of training and learning are carried out based on the fracture conductivity value and the fracturing potential value of each fracturing point of the plurality of fractured horizontal wells, and obtaining the corresponding relation between the fracture conductivity value and the fracturing potential value, comprises the following steps:
- CD i2 i3 ⁇ 0 + ⁇ i3 FP i2
- CD i2 represents the fracture conductivity value of the i2 th fracturing point.
- the corresponding learning result is the corresponding relation between the fracture conductivity and the fracturing potential value.
- the step of determining the correspondence between the fracture half length and the fracturing potential value comprises the following step:
- X i5 is the fracture half length at the i5 th fracturing points.
- the corresponding learning result is the corresponding relation between the fracture half length and the fracturing potential value.
- the step of calculating a predicted net present value corresponding to the candidate design comprises the following step:
- NPV is the predicted net present value corresponding to the candidate design
- r g and r w represent the price of oil per unit volume and the price of water per unit volume to be treated respectively
- t j2 is the time point corresponding to the j2 th time step
- ⁇ t j2 is the time step length
- b is the discount rate
- C is the fracturing cost per unit fracture length
- Q o j2 and Q w j2 represent the simulated oil production and the simulated water production of the j2 th time step in the first simulated production data respectively
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a fracturing horizontal well fracturing design device based on fracturing potential, comprising:
- a determination module used for determining the first corresponding relation between the fracture conductivity value and the fracturing potential value and the second corresponding relation between the fracture half length and the fracturing potential value based on the fracturing potential value and the first actual production data of each fracturing point of each fractured horizontal well calculated by the first calculating module; the first actual production data comprises the oil production of the fracturing point at each time step;
- a simulation module used for calculating the fracture conductivity value and the fracture half length of the designed fracturing points according to the first corresponding relation and the second corresponding relation determined by the determination module and the fracturing potential value of each designed fracturing points calculated by the first calculation module for each candidate design of the multiple designed fracturing points of the horizontal well to be fractured, and generating first simulated production data corresponding to the candidate design through a numerical simulator;
- the first simulated production data comprise simulated oil production and simulated water production of each time step corresponding to the candidate design;
- a second calculation module used for calculating a predicted net present value corresponding to the candidate design according to the first simulated production data corresponding to the candidate design obtained by the simulation module and the fracture half length at each design fracturing point;
- a selection module used for determining the candidate design with the highest predicted net present value calculated by the second calculation module as the fracturing position design scheme of the horizontal well to be fractured.
- the first calculating module is specifically used for:
- the determination module is specifically used for:
- each fractured horizontal well calculates the fracture half length of each fracturing point according to the first actual production data of each fracturing point of the fractured horizontal well; calculating the fracture conductivity value of each fracturing point according to the fracturing potential value and the fracture half length of each fracturing point of the fractured horizontal well;
- the determination module is specifically used for:
- the determination module is specifically used for:
- the second simulated production data comprises simulated oil production at each time step of the target well section of the fractured horizontal well;
- the second calculation module is specifically used for:
- NPV is the predicted net present value corresponding to candidate design
- r g and r w are the price of oil per unit volume and the price of water per unit volume to be treated respectively
- t j2 is the time point corresponding to the j2 th time step
- ⁇ t j2 is the length of the time step
- b is the discount rate
- C is the fracturing cost per unit length of fracture
- Q o j2 and Q w j2 represent the simulated oil production and the simulated water production at the j2 th time step in the first simulated production data respectively
- embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer instructions are stored, and when the instructions are executed by a processor, the fracturing design method for a horizontal well to be fractured based on fracturing potential is implemented.
- the scheme takes the predicted net present value as the selection standard of the fracturing position design scheme, rather than the traditional method of uniformly arranging fracturing points, the finally designed scheme has higher rationality and practicability, and can better guide the development.
- the calculation of the fracture conductivity value of the fractured horizontal well is performed through a selected model of which the fitting value of the second simulated production data and the second actual production data are less than the preset fitting threshold value, so that the accuracy of the calculated fracture conductivity value is high; therefore, the corresponding relation between the fracture conductivity value and the fracturing potential value is obtained through learning, and the finally calculated fracture conductivity value of each data point of the horizontal well to be fractured is high in accuracy and high in rationality, and an effective data base is provided for fracturing design of the horizontal well to be fractured.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the fracturing design method of the to-be-fractured horizontal well based on the fracturing potential described in embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the first corresponding relation between the value of the fracture conductivity and the value of fracturing potential, the second corresponding relation between the fracture half length and the value of the fracturing potential described in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the realization of the slope used to calculate the fracture half length at the fracturing point in step S 21 of embodiment 2 of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the realization of the calculation method of the fracture conductivity value of each fracturing point of fractured horizontal well in step S 22 of the embodiment 2 of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of calculation method of the horizontal well fracturing potential value of the embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the realization of the calculation of the numerical standard value used in step S 52 of the embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of the fracturing design device for the horizontal well to be fractured based on the fracturing potential in the embodiment of the present invention.
- the embodiment of the present invention provides a fracturing design method based on fracturing potential for the horizontal well to be fractured, the design takes the predicted net present value as the selection standard, and the final design has higher rationality and practicability and can better guide the development
- the embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a method of a horizontal well to be fractured based on fracturing potential, the workflow of which is shown in FIG. 2 , and the method comprises the following steps:
- Step S 11 for the horizontal well to be fractured or the fractured horizontal well which is positioned in the same reservoir layer with each horizontal well to be fractured: obtaining the values of various indexes of various depth points for calculating the fracturing potential value; calculating the fracturing potential value of each depth point by using the value of each index of each depth point to obtain the fracturing potential value of each designed fracturing point or each fracturing point.
- the horizontal well to be fractured is a horizontal well which is not subjected to fracturing construction and needs fracturing design and the fracturing design in the present invention mainly refers to the number and positions of designed fracturing points;
- a fractured horizontal well refers to a horizontal well that has been fractured and placed into production.
- the weight of the index is calculated according to the value of the index at each depth point; for each depth point, calculating the fracturing potential value of the depth point according to the weight and the value of each index of the depth point.
- the data points can be set according to the intervals of the logging sampling rate of the target well section at, i.e., intervals of 0.125 meters.
- the target well section refers to a preliminary evaluation of a well section with fracturing potential in the reservoir stratum for the horizontal well to be fractured, and the number and the positions of fracturing points are designed in the target well section; for a fractured horizontal well, the target well section refers to the well section containing all the fracturing points in the reservoir.
- the fracturing potential values of the depth points of the horizontal well to be fractured or each fractured horizontal well are calculated, the fracturing potential values of the design fracturing points of the horizontal well to be fractured or the fracturing points of the fractured horizontal well can be further obtained.
- Step S 12 determining the first corresponding relation between the fracture conductivity value and the fracturing potential value and the second corresponding relation between the fracture half length and the fracturing potential value based on the fracturing potential value and first actual production data of each fracturing point of each fractured horizontal well.
- the first actual production data comprises the oil production of the fracturing point at each time step.
- Step S 13 calculating the fracture conductivity value and the fracture half length of the designed fracturing point according to the first corresponding relation, the second corresponding relation and the fracturing potential value of each designed fracturing point for each candidate design of a plurality of designed fracturing points of the horizontal well to be fractured, and generating the first simulated production data corresponding to the candidate design through a numerical simulator.
- the first simulated production data comprises simulated oil production and simulated water production at each time step corresponding to the candidate design.
- each candidate design comprises the number and location of design fracturing points.
- Each candidate design may be directly selected, or may be generated according to certain rules on the basis of certain data. For example, different fracture distribution scheme may be generated according to the rules shown in Table 1 based on the distribution of fracturing potential values of the target well section.
- a is a coefficient, an integer is taken, the minimum value is 1, and the values of a are different, so that fracture distribution schemes with different designed fracturing points and positions can be obtained.
- the data base of the fracturing position design reference above can be other data; the specific rule may be other rules, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
- Calculating the fracture conductivity value and the fracture half length of each designed fracturing point specifically, calculating the fracture conductivity value of each designed fracturing point by using the first corresponding relation between the fracture conductivity value and the fracturing potential value of each designed fracturing point; calculating the fracture half length of the designed fracturing point by using the second corresponding relation between the fracture half length and the fracturing potential value of each designed fracturing point.
- Step S 14 calculating the predicted net present value corresponding to the candidate design according to the first simulated production data corresponding to the candidate design and the fracture half length of each design fracturing point.
- the predicted net present value corresponding to the candidate design may be calculated using the following equation (1):
- NPV is the predicted net present value corresponding to candidate design
- r g and r w are the price of oil per unit volume and the price of water per unit volume to be treated respectively
- t j2 is the time point corresponding to the j2 th time step
- ⁇ t j2 is the length of the time step
- b is the discount rate
- C is the fracturing cost of per unit fracturing length
- Q o j2 and Q w j2 are the simulated oil production and the simulated water production at the j2 th time step in the first simulated production data respectively
- Step S 15 determining the corresponding candidate design with the highest predicted net present value as the fracturing position design scheme of the horizontal well to be fractured.
- the predicted net present value is taken as the selection standard of the fracturing design scheme, rather than the traditional method of uniformly arranging fracturing points, the final designed scheme has higher rationality and practicability, and can better guide the development.
- the fracture conductivity value and the fracture half length can be calculated, which provides the data basis for the fracturing design.
- the embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a method of determining the first corresponding relation between the fracture conductivity value and the fracturing potential value, and the second corresponding relation between the fracture half length and the fracturing potential value, the workflow of which is shown in FIG. 2 , and the method comprises the following steps:
- Step S 21 calculating the fracture half length of the fracturing points according to the first actual production data of each fracturing point of the fractured horizontal well for each fractured horizontal well.
- it may be, fitting each of the square root of the time corresponding to each time step in the first actual production data as an abscissa and the reciprocal of the oil production corresponding to the time step as an ordinate to obtain a fitting curve; calculating the slope m of the fitting curve.
- the oil production amount corresponding to one day as each time step is obtained from the first actual production data; the time unit corresponding to each time step after the production is sequentially converted into seconds, and then calculate the square root of the time.
- the first time step is 1 day, first converted to 86400 seconds, and then the square root of the time in seconds is calculated as 294s ⁇ 0.5; then obtaining the corresponding oil production amount for the first time step, and convert the corresponding oil production amount into cm 3 /s, and taking the reciprocal of the oil production amount again.
- the above crude oil volume coefficient, crude oil viscosity and comprehensive compression coefficient can be measured by high pressure experiments.
- the permeability, porosity and oil reservoir thickness of the corresponding reservoir at each design fracturing point can be obtained according to the results of logging and earthquake interpretation.
- Step S 22 calculating the fracture conductivity value of each fracturing point according to the fracturing potential value and the fracture half length of each fracturing point of the fractured horizontal well.
- Step S 23 training and learning are carried out based on the fracture conductivity value and the fracturing potential value of each fracturing point of the plurality of fractured horizontal wells, to obtain the first corresponding relation between the fracture conductivity value and the fracturing potential value:
- the first corresponding relation refers to the corresponding relation between the final learning value of the fracture conductivity and the fracturing potential value.
- ⁇ 1 ⁇ 00
- ⁇ 00 is a constant, represents the initial equation coefficient
- J( ⁇ i3 ) is the loss function of the i3 th learning, and the loss function is specifically calculated by the following equation:
- CD i2 represents the fracture conductivity value of the i2 th fracturing point
- the corresponding learning result is the corresponding relation between the fracture conductivity and the fracturing potential value.
- Step S 24 training and learning are carried out based on the fracture half length and the fracturing potential value of each fracturing point of a plurality of fractured horizontal wells, to obtain a second corresponding relation between the fracture half length and the fracturing potential value.
- the second corresponding relation refers to the corresponding relation between the final learning value of the fracture half length and the fracturing potential value.
- X i5 is the fracture half length at the i5 th fracturing points
- the corresponding learning result is the corresponding relation between the fracture half length and the fracturing potential value.
- step S 23 may be executed before step S 22 , after step S 24 , or simultaneously with step S 22 and/or step S 24 , as long as it is executed after step S 21 .
- Step S 41 establishing candidate models of the fracture conductivity values of a plurality of fractures respectively according to the fracturing potential value of each fracturing point of the fractured horizontal well.
- the candidate models refer to a plurality of candidate models.
- the candidate models of the fracture conductivity value represent the corresponding relation between the fracture conductivity candidate value and the fracturing potential value at each fracturing point of the fractured horizontal well.
- the fracturing potential value is closely related to the fracturing effect, the region with high fracturing potential value has better fracturing effect, and the fracture formed has strong fracture conductivity; on the contrary, the region with relatively low fracturing potential value has worse fracturing effect, and the fracture formed has weak fracture conductivity. Therefore, the fracture conductivity value and the fracturing potential value have correlation, but not in a strict linear relation.
- the embodiment 2 is a simplified candidate model, and the linear relation is assumed to be between the two.
- a plurality of candidate fracture conductivity models of the fractured horizontal well are established as follows:
- CD i1 m is the candidate value of fracture conductivity of the i1 th fracturing points of the m th candidate model of the fractured horizontal well
- n1, n1 represents the number of fracturing points of the fractured horizontal well; CD max and CD min represent the maximum value and the minimum value respectively of first calculation of the fracture conductivity value of all the fracturing points of the fractured horizontal well, and it may be calculated using fracturing design software; FP max and FP min represent the maximum value and the minimum value of fracturing potential value of all fracturing points of the fractured horizontal well; FP i1 is the fracturing potential value of the i1 th fracturing points of the fractured horizontal well; FP c is the fracturing potential threshold of fractured horizontal well in reservoir, and representing the lower limit of the fracturing potential value selected at the fracturing position, and when the fracturing potential value is less than the lower limit, fracturing cannot generate fractures of required scale or even cannot initiate, so that the fracturing position is not considered; the fracturing points mentioned above are fracturing points which successfully generate fractures of a certain scale, so that
- the fracture conductivity value primarily calculated by using the fracturing design software may be: obtaining the permeability of each fracturing point through the physical property data of the reservoir; referring to the amount of fracturing fluid and construction parameters during the fracturing construction of each fracturing point of the fractured horizontal well, primarily calculating the width of the fracture through fracturing design software, calculating a dimensionless value, namely a standard value, of the permeability and the width of the fracture corresponding to each fracturing point, and taking the product of the permeability standard value and the fracture width standard value as the fracture conductivity value of each fracturing point.
- the fracture conductivity value calculated by the method is only used as an intermediate parameter in this step instead of the final result of the fracture conductivity value due to uncertain factors and larger errors.
- Step S 42 generating the second simulated production data through a numerical simulator according to the fracture half length of each candidate model and each fracturing point respectively.
- the second simulated production data comprises simulated oil production at each time step for a target well section of the fractured horizontal well.
- each candidate model in which m is increased from 1 sequentially: obtaining second simulated production data corresponding to each candidate fracture conductivity model through a numerical simulator based on the candidate model and the fracture half length of each fracturing point, namely the simulated oil production in each time step in sequence after fracturing production, alternatively, the time step can be one day, one week, ten days or one month, as long as the actual oil production in the corresponding time step can be obtained.
- the time step may be the shortest time step capable of obtaining the actual oil production amount of the corresponding time step, so that the accuracy is higher when the variance between the two simulated production data and the two actual production data is calculated, but the calculated data amount is also the largest. Therefore, it is preferable that the length of the time step be set in consideration of both the accuracy and the amount of calculation.
- Step S 43 calculating a fitting value of each of the second simulated production data and the second actual production data, and selecting a candidate model corresponding to a fitting value smaller than a preset fitting threshold as a selected model.
- the selected model is a candidate model which is selected from a plurality of candidate models and used for calculating the fracture conductivity value of each fracturing point.
- ⁇ m is the variance of the second simulated production data and the second actual production data corresponding to the m th candidate model
- Q m,j1 is the simulated oil production at the j1 th time step in the second simulated production data
- Q real,j1 is the actual oil production at the j1 th time step in the second actual production data.
- Step S 44 calculating the fracture conductivity value of each fracturing point of the fractured horizontal well according to the selected model.
- the above calculation of the fracture conductivity value of the fractured horizontal well is calculated by a selected model of which the fitting value of the second simulated production data and the second actual production data is less than a preset fitting threshold value, so that the accuracy of the calculated fracture conductivity value is high; therefore, the corresponding relation between the fracture conductivity value and the fracturing potential value is obtained through learning, and the finally calculated fracture conductivity value of each data point of the horizontal well to be fractured is high in accuracy and high in rationality, and an effective data base is provided for fracturing design of the horizontal well to be fractured.
- the method for calculating the fracturing potential value of the horizontal well has the workflow shown in FIG. 5 and comprises the following steps:
- Step S 51 obtaining values of various indexes of various depth points of the horizontal well for fracturing potential value calculation.
- the depth points comprise all the fracturing points of the fractured horizontal well; for the horizontal well to be fractured, the depth points comprise all designed fracturing points of the horizontal well to be fractured.
- values of indexes of at least two depth points of the horizontal well are obtained; wherein the indexes comprise at least one index of each of rock mechanical characteristic indexes and petrophysical parameter indexes; rock mechanics characteristic index at least comprising: Lame constant, strain energy release rate, brittleness index and fracture toughness; the petrophysical parameter indexes at least comprise: oil saturation, permeability, porosity.
- the fracturing potential of the reservoir is influenced by multiple common factors such as rock mechanical characteristics, petrophysical parameters and so on, all the acquired factors influencing the fracturing potential are considered as much as possible in the selection of indexes.
- the data after receiving data of at least one index of at least one depth point, the data is subjected to validity identification to obtain valid data.
- the effectiveness identification of the index effectiveness and the value effectiveness are carried out at the same time; or, after all the data are received, the effective indexes are screened firstly, and then the effective values of all the depth points are screened according to all the indexes.
- the validity identification of the index and the value may specifically be: screening effective indexes of each depth point according to a pre-stored index list, and screening effective values of the effective indexes according to effective information in the index list to obtain effective data.
- the index list comprises effective information of effective index.
- the valid information may include at least one of the following information of the index: index number, index name, index type, positive and negative indexes and effective numerical range of the indexes.
- the index list contains all possible indexes.
- the positive direction and the negative direction of the indexes represent the influencing trend of the indexes, and the influencing trend of the indexes on the fracturing potential of the horizontal well can be judged by each index; and determining the index to be positive or negative according to the influencing trend: the fracturing potential of the horizontal well is increased along with the increase of the index value, and the index is positive; the fracturing potential of the horizontal well is increased along with the reduction of the index value, and the index is negative.
- the Lame constant is the lateral tensile stress required to be applied for preventing the transverse strain of the rock and maintaining the one-dimensional strain
- the Lame constant is a negative index
- the strain energy release rate is the energy consumption per unit area in the process of generating a new fracture, the fracture propagation capacity is represented, the larger the strain energy release rate of the horizontal well is, the stronger the crack propagation capacity is, the larger the fracturing potential of the horizontal well is, and therefore, the strain energy release rate is a positive index
- the range of the index effective value may be limited to both the maximum value and the minimum value, may be limited to only one of the maximum value and the minimum value, or may be unlimited to both of the maximum value and the minimum value, depending on the actual situation.
- Table 2 is an illustration of a list of indexes.
- the unit of each index may be other units as long as the units of all indexes are associated with each other.
- the unit of the value of each index in the acquired effective data may be the same as or different from that in the index list.
- the acquired data are subjected to unit conversion according to units in the index list, and then effectiveness identification can be carried out.
- the validity identification process if the received data contains the indexes which are not contained in the pre-stored index list or the values of the indexes are not in the valid value range, an error report is sent, whether the original data needs to be sent again is prompted, and if a yes command is received, new data is waited to be received again; if no command is received, only the indexes contained in the index list are screened, and the index values with the values in the effective range are obtained to obtain effective data.
- the obtained effective data comprises values of indexes of a plurality of depth points.
- a matrix model is obtained that comprises each index value for each depth point:
- Step S 52 for each index, calculating the weight of the index according to the value of the index of each depth point.
- the standard values of each index of each depth point are calculated, and the specific calculation method is described in detail later.
- the information entropy of each index is calculated according to the value of each index of each depth point; and calculating the entropy weight of each index as weight according to the information entropy of each index.
- the index weight can be determined by using an entropy weight method, and the information entropy E a of each index is calculated according to the standard value of each index of each depth point:
- E a is the information entropy of the index of the a th item
- W a is the weight of the index of the a th item, 0 ⁇ W a ⁇ 1
- Step S 53 for each depth point, calculating the fracturing potential value of the depth point according to the weight and the value of each index of the depth point.
- the fracturing potential value FP b of each depth point is calculated using the following equation:
- FP b represents the value of the fracturing potential at the b th depth point
- P a1,b is the standard value of the positive index of the item a1 th at the b th depth point
- P a1,b y a1,b
- N a2,b represents the standard value of the negative index of the a2 th item at the b th depth point
- N a2,b y a2,b
- a2 1, 2 . . . s2
- s2 is the number of items of the negative index
- s1+s2 s
- the subscripts max and min represent the maximum and minimum values of the standard values of the respective indexes for all depth points respectively.
- the values of all indexes of all depth points of the horizontal well for calculating the fracturing potential are obtained, including all indexes influencing the fracturing potential, and therefore all influencing factors can be comprehensively analyzed; for each index, calculating the weight of the index according to the value of the index of each depth point; further, for each depth point, calculating the fracturing potential value of the depth point according to the weight and the value of each index of the depth point, so that the calculated fracturing potential value of each depth point is a result of the joint influence of each index; therefore, the calculation result of the final fracturing potential value has higher reasonability, accuracy and practicability. Furthermore, the fracture conductivity calculated by taking the fracturing potential value as basic data has higher accuracy and practicability, and can better guide development.
- step S 52 the standard value of the index value corresponding to each depth point is calculated, and a specific calculation method may include the following steps as shown in FIG. 6 :
- Step S 61 judging the positive and negative directions of each index.
- the influencing trend of each index on the fracturing potential of a fractured horizontal well or a horizontal well to be fractured is judged; determining whether the index is positive or negative according to the influencing trend.
- the positive and negative directions of the index are determined according to the index number or name.
- Step S 62 calculating dimensionless value of each index value corresponding to each depth point by using a range method, and taking the dimensionless value as a standard value.
- the standard value of each index may be calculated according to the positive and negative directions of each index and the value of each index by using the following equation:
- max(X a ) and min(X a ) represent maximum and minimum values of the index values of the a th item corresponding to all depth points respectively.
- the positive and negative directions of all indexes are analyzed, and then the values are subjected to dimensionless standardization, so that the calculation result of the fracturing potential is not influenced by different values due to different index units.
- the embodiment of the present invention also provides a fracturing design device of a horizontal well to be fractured based on the fracturing potential.
- the structure of the device is comprises the following modules:
- a first calculation module 71 is used for the horizontal well to be fractured or each fractured horizontal well which is positioned in the same reservoir with the horizontal well to be fractured: obtaining the value of each index of each depth point for calculating the fracturing potential value; calculating the fracturing potential value of each depth point by using the value of each index of each depth point to obtain the designed fracturing point or the fracturing potential value of each fracturing point.
- a determination module 72 is used for determining the first corresponding relation between the fracture conductivity value and the fracturing potential value and the second corresponding relation between the fracture half length and the fracturing potential value based on the fracturing potential value and the first actual production data of each fracturing point of each fractured horizontal well calculated by the first calculation module 71 .
- the first actual production data comprises the oil production of the fracturing point at each time step.
- a simulation module 73 is used for calculating the fracture conductivity value and the fracture half length of the designed fracturing points according to the first corresponding relation and the second corresponding relation determined by the determination module 72 and the fracturing potential value of each designed fracturing points calculated by the first calculation module 71 for each candidate design of the multiple designed fracturing points of the horizontal well to be fractured, and generating first simulated production data corresponding to the candidate design through a numerical simulator.
- the first simulated production data comprise simulated oil production and simulated water production of each time step corresponding to the candidate design.
- a second calculation module 74 is used for calculating a predicted net present value corresponding to the candidate design according to the first simulated production data corresponding to the candidate design obtained by the simulation module 73 and the fracture half length at each design fracturing point.
- a selection module 75 is used for calculating the candidate design with the highest predicted net present value calculated by the second calculation module 74 as the fracturing position design scheme of the horizontal well to be fractured.
- the first calculation module 71 is specifically used for:
- the determination module 72 is specifically used for:
- each fractured horizontal well calculates the fracture half length of each fracturing point according to first actual production data of each fracturing point of the fractured horizontal well; calculating the fracture conductivity value of each fracturing point according to the fracturing potential value and the fracture half length of each fracturing point of the fractured horizontal well;
- the determination module 72 is specifically used for:
- the second simulated production data comprises simulated oil production at each time step of the target well section of the fractured horizontal well;
- the second calculation module 74 is specifically used for:
- NPV is the predicted net present value corresponding to candidate design
- r g and r w are the price of oil per unit volume and the price of water per unit volume to be treated respectively
- t j2 is the time point corresponding to the j2 th time step
- ⁇ t j2 is the length of the time step
- b is the discount rate
- C is the fracturing cost of per unit fracturing length
- Q o j2 and Q w j2 are the simulated oil production and the simulated water production at the j2 th time step in the first simulated production data respectively
- embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer instructions are stored, and when the instructions are executed by a processor, the fracturing design method for a horizontal well to be fractured based on fracturing potential is implemented.
- terms such as processing, computing, calculating, determining, displaying, or the like may refer to an action and/or process of one or more processing or computing systems or similar devices that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the processing system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the processing system's memories, registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.
- Information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
- the techniques described herein may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein.
- the software codes may be stored in memory units and executed by processors.
- the memory unit may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor, in which case it can be communicatively coupled to the processor via various means as is known in the art.
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Abstract
Description
if pa,b=0, then define pa,b ln pa,b=0;
CD i2 i3=θ0+θi3 FP i2
X i5 i4=β0+βi4 FP i5
TABLE 1 |
Fracture Position Design Rules |
Range of fracturing | Reference distance | ||
potential values | between sections/m | ||
≥0.42 | 10a | ||
0.36 ≤ FP < 0.42 | 20a | ||
0.27 ≤ FP < 0.36 | 30a | ||
FP < 0.27 | Not considered as the fracturing site | ||
CD i2 i3=θ0+θi3 FP i2 (3)
X i5 i4=β0+βi4 FP i5 (6)
TABLE 2 |
Index List |
Index | |||||
Effective | |||||
Value | |||||
Index | Range |
Num- | Index | Index | Index | Index | Min | Max |
ber | Name | Type | Direction | Unit | Value | Value |
Index | Reservoir | Physical | Positive(+) | % | >0 | 100 |
1 | Porosity | |||||
Index | Reservoir | Physical | Positive(+) | mD | >0 | — |
2 | Permeability | |||||
Index | Oil | Physical | Positive(+) | % | >0 | 100 |
3 | Saturation | |||||
Index | Lame | Mechanics | Negative(−) | GPa | >0 | 50 |
4 | Constant | |||||
Index | Strain | Mechanics | Positive(+) | GPa | >0 | 80 |
5 | Energy | |||||
Index | Brittleness | Mechanics | Positive(+) | Dimension- | >0 | 1 |
6 | less | |||||
Index | Fracture | Mechanics | Negative(−) | MPa | >0 | 8 |
7 | Toughness | |||||
if pa,b=0, then define pa,b ln pa,b=0; ya,b is the standard value of the ath index of the bth depth point.
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PCT/CN2018/118848 WO2020048028A1 (en) | 2018-09-03 | 2018-12-03 | Fracturing potential-based fracturing design method and apparatus for horizontal well to be fractured |
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