US1147747A - Machine for cleaning short hair. - Google Patents

Description

w. H. PARKS.- MACHINE FOR CLEANING SHORT HAIR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 30, I9I3.

Patented July 27, 1915.

3 SHEETSSHEET 1.

W. H. PARKS.

MACHINE FOR CLEANING SHORT HAIR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 30,1913.

Patented July 27, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W. H. PARKS.

MACHINE FOR CLEANING SHORT HAIR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 30. 1913.

1,147,747. Patented July 27, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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WILLIAM H. PARKS, 0F BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, ASSIGNOR 'IO FREDERICK W.

HARDEN, 0F BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

MACHINE FOR CLEANING SHORT HAIR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

PatentedJu1y27,1915.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, lVILLiAM H. PARKS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, have invented new and useful Improvements in Machines for Cleaning Short l-Iainlof which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the cleaning of hog or other short hairfrom the particles of skin and other impurities or dirt which adheres thereto.

In the processes as generally practised the hair is subjected to the action of certain solutions which dissolve the impurities or soften them to such an extent that they may be readily removed. Such treatment has been found to soften the hair also so much that its strength, elasticity or life is greatly impaired thereby reducing its salability and usefulness.

With my process the original strength and elasticity of the hair are fully preserved, the impurities are thoroughly removed, and valuable by-products are obtained.

In carrying my invention into effect I subject the hair in a dry state to a thorough beating and rubbing process in which the hair is repeatedly struck and rubbed, at the same time the mass of hair being treated is worked in such a manner as to manipulate the individual hairs within the mass and to move the mass bodily toward a discharge provided for the finished product. At the same time that the dirt and impuritiesare being removed from the hairs they are separated from the mass of hair, so that when the finished product is discharged the impurities have been entirely separated and separately removed.

In carrying out my process I providea rotatable cylinder or drum having teeth or projections arranged in axial rows, the individual teeth of the rows being arranged to form aspiral row extending around the cylinder the desired number of times. That is, the teethare arranged to form a spiral extending around the cylinder from one end substantially to the other. Cooperating with thesete'e'th upon the cylinder are fixed teeth between which the cylinder teeth pass during the rotation of the cylinder. The hair is fed to the cylinder from above at one end, and as the cylinder rotates the hair is carried by the cylinder teeth between the ed teeth and is thereby thoroughly beaten upon the rotating cylinder causes the bodily movement of the hair from the feed end to the discharge end of the machine, and in order to produce more thorough cleansing than could be don-e in a machine having a short cylinder, and in orderto avoid necessity of making the cylinder too long, I provide a second cylinder below the first to which the hair is discharged and upon which the teeth are also arranged in a spiral.

Extending beneath each cylinder is a foraminous screen arranged between sets of fixed teeth or among said teeth in any desired manner, this screen permitting the particles of skin and other impurities to pass through to .a discharge hopper, while retaining the hair within the zone of action of the cylinder teeth.

teeth, showing their arrangement and also showing the bottom screen; Fig. 4. is an enlarged detail showing the preferred mounting of the cylinder teeth; Fig. 5 is an enlarged detached View of one form of tooth, that shown as employed for the fixed teeth; and Fig. 6 is a similar view showing the preferred form of cylinder teeth.

Referring to the drawings, 1 is the main frame of the machine, supported by standards 2. Mounted upon the main frame is a rotatable cylinder 3 mounted in bearings 4.- and adapted to be driven by pulley 5. Mounted upon cylinder 3 are teeth 6, preferably mounted in longitudinal rows, the individual teeth of each row being spaced apart and being displaced with respect to the teeth of the adjacent rows soas to form a helix extending around the cylinder. The teeth 6 are preferably formed with lateral faces 7 which converge from one end of the tooth to the other and are provided with scrubbing or contacting surfaces. These surfaces are preferably formed to include oblique ridges 8, these ridges being arranged to slope upwardly and rearwardly from the front of the tooth, the front 9 of the tooth being preferably the narrow end for reasons which will be hereinafter explained. Each tooth has a base 10 which is preferably in the form of a dove-tail to fit within a dove-tail slot 11 provided in longitudinal bars 12 mounted upon the cylinder. One end of the slot 11 is preferably closed, the other end being provided with a post 13 with set screw 14, the latter being in alinement with said slot. Space-blocks 15 are provided between the teeth. After the teeth and space-blocks have been inserted in the slot, post 13 is secured in position and set screw 14 screwed down so as to clamp the teeth and space-blocks rigidly in position.

By referring to Fig. 2 it will be seen that the individual teeth of the successive rows are displaced with respect to the corresponding teeth of adjacent rows so as to constitute a helix. Each successive tooth of this helix is moreover displaced sufiiciently from the others to form with fixed teeth 16' interspaced cooperating teeth.

The arrangement of the fixed teeth 16 is best shown in Fig. 3, in which it will be seen that these teeth are arranged in two longi tudinal groups, with a screen or foraminous grating 17 between the groups. At one end of the screen is a discharge chute 18. ,The teeth of each group are preferably arranged in rows, the individual teeth of each row being displaced sufiiciently longitudinally to permit the passage therebetween of the cylinder teeth and to form rows oblique to the axis of the cylinder in conformity with the helical arrangement of the teeth upon the cylinder. These fixed teeth are shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, and one of which is shown in enlarged detail in Fig. 5. In this latter figure it will be seen that the tooth itself has the same form as the tooth de- Cylinder 3 is inclosed as to its upper portion by shell 22 having end heads 23 and an upper hinged section 24.

Feed belt 25 is adapted to feed the hair to rolls 26 and 27, roll 26 of which being held down by the yielding pressure of the weights mounted upon levers 28 and 29.

Mounted below screen 17 is a discharge plate 30 for the dirt and other material passingthrough the screen. (7 g In order to more effectively clean the hair, and avoid making the cylinders of undue length, I provide a second cylinder 31 similar to cylinder 3 and located beneath the same so that the discharge from discharge chute 18 constitutes the feed of cylinder 31. Cylinder 31 is rotated by means of pulley 32 in a direction opposite to that of cylinder 3 so that the hair is moved bodily from left to right (looking at Fig. 2) to discharge chute 33 from which the hair passes to conveyer belt 34, by which it is delivered at the point desired.

The operation of my machine will heapparent from the foregoing description.

.I-Iair fed by belt 25 ispassed'by rolls 26, 27

to the right hand end of cylinder 3 which is rotated in the direction of the arrow shown on the pulley:5,in Fig. 2, where itis caught bythe cylinder teeth and thoroughly beaten and scrubbed between the surfaces of these teeth and the surfaces of fixed teeth 16. As adhering skin and dirt are removed from the hair'they fall upon the screen 17 and are passed outwardly and collected, constituting a very valuable by-product which is utilized as fertilizer. Owing to the helical arrangement of the cylinder teeth and the cooperating fixed teeth, the hair is moved bodily toward the other end of the cylinder during this process of beating and scrubbing, and is finally discharged through chute 18 to the secondcylinder 31 where the process is repeated. Owing to the oblique slope of the sides of the teeth, and the narrow forward end of the cylinder teeth, the hair is given a gradual bend when brought in contact or engagement between the movable and fixed teeth, and this combined with the lateral ridges or vscrubbing surfaces of the teeth produces an efiicient cleaning of the hair without injury thereto.

While I have described various details'in connection with my invention, Iam aware that many changes in construction and arrangement of parts may be made without departing from the invention, and these I aim to include within the scope of theappended claims. Furthermore, while I have described my process and machine for cleaning hair, it is probable that other material may be likewise cleaned, and while I have described both the process and the ma chine as adapted for use in connection with short hair I mean to include within that term all equivalent material and substances.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desireto secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. A machine for cleaning short hair, comprising a rotatable cylinder, a bar extending longitudinally and mounted upon the said cylinder, said bar being formed with a dove-tail longitudinal slot, a'pl ity of projecting teeth formed with 1 tail bases fitting Within said slots, space blocks in said slots between said teeth, and means for clamping said: teeth and space blocks in position. 7

2. A machine for cleaning short hair, comprising a rotatable cylinder, a bar extending longitudinally and mounted upon said cylinder, said bar being formed with a dove-tail longitudinal slot, a plurality of projecting teeth formed with dove-tail bases fitting Within said slots, space blocks in said slots between said teeth, and means for WILLIAM H. PARKS.

Witnesses WM. D. GOULD,

HOWARD T. FAsTm.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0.!

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