US1145832A - Escapement mechanism for type-writers, &c. - Google Patents

Description

G. W. DONNING. ESCAPEMENT MECHANISM FOR TYPE WRITERS, &c. APPLxcATxoN min JAN. 1o. 19H.

Patented July 6, 1915.

5 suffix-SHEET l1.

Ulf, In@ l f I G. W. DONNiNG.

ESCAPEMENT MECHANSM FR YPE WRlTERS, &c.

APPLICATION FILED 1AN.10, 1911. T

^ Patented July 6, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

f. 42] WITNESSES =i All G. W. DONNINGu ESCAPEMENT MEcHANlsM Foa TYPE WRITERS, m.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Patented July 6, 1915.

.INVENTOR APPLICATION FILED MPL10, 1911.

G. W. DONNING. -ESCPEMENI' MECHAIIISM FOR TYPE WRITERS, &c.

APPLICATION FILED IMI. I0. 19H. Y L-If Patented July 6,1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

PEV/VESSES 7 wif-N701? Q0 y GAN. DQNMNG. ESCAPEMENT fv'lECHANISM FOR TYPE WRITERS, GLC.

Patented July 6, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5v.

APPLICATION FILED )A N. 10, 19H.

STA

GEORGE W. nonnina, or srenrronn, conn' or cannes, n

'PATENT OFECE.

TCUT, ASSIGNOR TO HARRY '1. AMBROSE,

JERSEY.

ESCPMENT MECHANISM EGR TYPE-'1H BETER/S, 85o.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 6, 21915.

Application filed January 10, 1913.. Serial No. 601,820.

which the following is a specification, ret

erence being had therein to the accompanying drawing.v

This invention relates to escapement mechanisms, and is applicable to typewriters, adding machines, etc.; in fact, it may be convenientlyY applied to many forms of machinos wherein it is necessary to utilize mechanism for producing a step-bystep travel of a carriageor the like.

The mechanism contemplated by this invention is of an exceedingly simple design; it has the characteristic of durability; its cost of production, by reason of the fact that it comprises comparatively few parts, is very low; and, furthermore, the results achieved by its employment, in the lrind ot machines specified, malte such machine a most eiective one'for the purposes designed. lts use en ables the machine to be operated with great rapidity and ease, and the parts of the ma* chine controlled thereby may be eilectually accelerated in their operation, whereby relative movement and cooperation of such parts is facilitated to preclude interference or collisions therebetween. rllhe construction of the mechanism and the relative arrangement of the parts thereof are such as to adapt the mechanism, by comparatively slight modification or variation, to any make ot machine wherein an escapemcnt has to be utilized.

An important object of the invention is to' utilize the power of the carriage-propelling spring, where such an element is employed,

or to utilize the weight and force of the traveling carriage, to eil'ect an acceleration of the movement-s of the parts of the ma chine whereby, as in a typewriter, the moment an impression has been made by the printing member, the part-s utilized to actuate said printing member, or the like, may, through thevaction of my escapement mechanism, be rapidly positioned out of the recognized interference-zone. The invention of course is adapted to be combined with any means other than those speciiied, the influence of which toward propelling or driving or otherwise moving the carriage, is employed.

Another object is to secure4 a more rapid let-oilq or movement of the carriage; and this result is accomplished by employing means which are direct in their action and which are so designed and arranged as to reduce fricti on to a minimum and which, moreover, are so constructed and arranged as to be capable of being disconnected or disengaged from the carriage-propelling power before the movable or moving parts (the actuation of which has been accelerated) have been restored to theirl normal positions of rest.

Still another object of the invention is to include, in such escapement mechanism, means whereby the same may conveniently be adjusted to change the degree of spacing movement of the carriage, and which means is controlled by a key disposed within and as a part of the regular keyboard.

Another object is to provide means, preferably operated by the carriage-release mechanism, and adapted to lock the escapementwheel and the limber or loose dog-both forming constituent elements ofthe escape ment -mechanism-against actuation while the carriage is released or rendered inoperative, and the provision of which means eliminates the possibility of a spacing movement of the carriage while the parts of the incohanism are being restored to normal position for action.

A further object is to construct and arrange the partsof the mechanism, whereby carriage-bacl-shifting (one or a plurality ofspaccs may be eliected without combining, with such mechanism, an additional device for e'ecting this result 5 and, moreover, whereby the back shifting shall be variable, according to what the normal spacing of the traveling member is set.

These several objects, and others which it is unnecessaryA to mention, are possible in my construction by reason of the fact that the location of the axis of the dog-carrier, and the position ot the operating dogs relative to a line drawn through the center O the axis of both the escapement-wheel and Athe dog-carrier, are such that but little move ment of the engaging parts is required tc engage and disengage them; and, as a result, a strong repulser or accelerated eilect upon ,50 ing the position of the the parts and -devices controlled thereby is produced without employing the usual beveled dog or rack.

will berecognized thatthe invention is susceptible^ of a wide range of modiiication without departing from the spirit thereofsupporting frame or sustaining plate; with my improved escapement-mechanism applied thereto; Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the structure; Fig. 3 is an endelevation thereof, looking from the left-hand side, and 1nv which the parts constituting the carriagerelease deviceare shown, in dotted lines, 1n

the position they assume when actuated to release the` carriage; Fig. 4C is a similar view,

.looking from the right-hand side; Fig. 5 .is

j an enlarged detached view of the escapedogs and the f so ment-Wheel, and the dog-carrier arranged in juxtaposition thereto,- and including the parts which control their operation; Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 are views in detail, respectively, of the escapement-wheel and its support; the dog-carrier on' which is formed the rigid dog.; the limber dog;

and the escapement-wheel locking device which is adapted to engage with the escapement-wheel when the carriage-release mechanism is actuated; Figs. 10, 11 and 12 are diagrammatic views illustrating the successive operationslof the mechanism during the depression of a key-lever connecting with` the eseapement-mechanism; Figs. 13

Aand 14 are similar views of the'same during the return of the key-lever to'normal osition; Fig. 15 is a perspective view with certain parts of the carriage-supporting frame omitted) of the variable-space-mechanism for controlling the degree'of spacing movement; Figs. 16 land 17 are elevational views of the escapement-mechanism, showparts during the operation 'of effecting bac 17a-is a diagrammatic, trating thev escapement-wheel and the dogs engageable therewith; Fig. l18 -is a view in4 sectional elevation of a4 modified formv of wheel-locking device. f j,

In these drawings: -The reference numeral carriage-release mechanism vand adjunctive 1 designates a frame-work or supporting plate, which may be that of a typewriter, or of an adding machine, or of any other form .ofmachine to which an escapement-mechanism is applicable.

Mounted vupon the frame are tracks or guides 2 adapted to be traversed by a car- -shifting; and Fig.- elevational view illusria ge the latter being provided with rollers i rackG arranged parallel with said tracks or guides. Arranged in'juxtaposition to said rack is my improved esca-pem.ent-n iechanism4 7 This comprises'an escapeme'nt-rack,-in thlslnstance, shown 1n the form of a 'wheel 8, fast on one end of a stub-shaft 9 suitablyV journaled in a supporting yoke or trunnion .i

memben 10 mounted upon the supporting Figure 1 is a View in plan of a carriagew frame 1.' Upon the end of the s tub shaft opp osite to the escapemen't-wheel, is a pinion 9 which is adapted to mesh with the rack j aforementioned.

UaW'z'age-release mechanz'em-f-Upstanding from the said trunnion member 10 is a bracket 11, upon. which is pivoted a wheelengagiug pawl l12 held out of engagement with the escapement-wheel by a 'spring 13. As shown, of its ends; one end is adapted to engage the this pawl is pivotedintermed'iate A escapement-wheel, while the other end'overlies the upper now be'stated that this rack is mounted upon arms 14, 14, which are fast upon a springcontrolled rock-shaft or spindle 15, suitably journaled in the carriage, and to"which'is attached a key-member. 17, whereby the spindle may be rocked to elevate the rack,-

portionjof the rack. It may',

which movement rocks said pawl in to enmounted upon, the dog-carrier, at the upper left-hand corner, is a rigid or holding dog 20 adapted to alternately engage the escapement-Wheel. rlhe dog-carrier is provided,

adjacent to its axis, with a groove or channel 2l extending obliquely to a line drawn through the axes of the dog-carrier and the escapement-Wheel. Slidably. disposed` in ysaid -groove'21 isva limber or loose-dog-carryingl member 22 of length greater than the' vheight of the lrigid dog-carrier, whereby both ends project beyond the edges thereof. At the upper vend of the member 22 is a dog 23, which will hereinafter be designated the loose dog or the limber dog. The opposite end of the member 22 is provided with a stud or lug 24; to which one end of a retractile spring 25 is connected, the opposite end of which is attached to a stud 26 mounted in or on the supporting plate 1. Overlying the dog-member 22 are lugs or extensions 27 projecting from a plate 28 suitably secured to the lower portion of the dog-carrier 22. As Will be seen, the position of the loose dog 23' is such that it will alternate with the rigid or holding dog 2O to engage the escapement-Wheel, and that, by these, the control of the carriage, under the l. action of the carriage spring, is accurately effected. Moreover, the loose dogmember 22, under the action of the spring 25 when it is disengaged fromthe escapement-Wheel, is actuated upwardly in a direction oblique to a line which would cut the axes of the escapement-Wheel and dog-carrier 19. Furthermore, the operative faces 20L of the rigid dog 2O and 23a of the loose dog 23, are such as to have a different form of engagement with the escapement-wheel, all as Will be more particularly pointed out hereinafter', and at which time, also, it ivill be explained hovvthtl carrier 22 is adapted to position the dogs 2O and 23 alternately in engagement with the escapement-vvheel, hovv the -spring 25 aids in controlling the position of the carrier 22, and how the timing of the alternate engagement of the dogs is effected whereby the greatest rapidity of actuation of the parts may be produced. For the present, it will suffice to say that the positioning, and the controlling of the positions, of the parts, are positive and under the control of the operator at all times.

The 'spring 25 performs a dual function, in that it actuates the loose dog member after the loose dog is disengaged from the escapement-Wheel; and, secondly, it assists in holding the dog-carrier 12 in normal position after the rigid dog has been disengaged from the escapeinent-Wheel. This latter function is due to the fact that its point of attachment to the dog-carrier, relative t0 ,the axis thereof, is such that, being constantly under tension, it tends to pull upwardly upon the carrier to maintain the loose dog in holding engagement with the escapement-wheel and the rigid dog out of engagement therewith. A

ached to the dog-carrying member 19, as by the slot-and-pin connection 29, is a two-part link SO, one part of Which is preferably threaded into the other, as shown. This form of connection permits the link structure to be lengthened or shortened, whereby proper adjustment maybe conven iently effected. Pivotally connecting with the loi'ver end of the link 30 is an actuating arm 31 fulcrumedat its opposite end upon a bracket or post 32 suitably attached to the frame-Work of the machine. Pivotally attached to thearm 81, intermediate of its ends, is a short link 33 which, at its lower end, connects with and is operated by a universal bar 34 extending transversely of the machine and operative by a plurality of keylevers 35 preferably fulcrumed at their rear ends, in the usual Way. These key-levers are preferably engaged by brake-springs 36; 1t will be seen that the depression of any of these key-levers, will actuate the universal bar, and that this, in turn, Will operate the actuating arm 31,link 30, and dog-carrier 19.

Variable sjm01ig.-No\vadays, it is desirable to provide means Awhereby the spacing movement of the carriage may be varied at the Will of the operator. Therefore, in my improvement, l have included mechanism for controlling the movement of the dogcarrier or other movable part, whereby the degree of movement thereof may be changed to in crease the step-by-step movement of the carriage: I vvill novv described this variable spacing mechanism: Extending transversely of the machine, and preferably ournaled in uprights la, which may also be utilized for sustaining the supporting plate 1, is a rockshaft 37, on one end of which is fixed a forwardly-extending arm 38, to which is jointed a link 39 connecting, at its lower end, to a controlling lever 40, fulcrumed at its rear end in any suitable manner, and extending forwardly into, and forming a part of, the keyboard 41 of the machine. This controlling-lever is maintained in position by a spring 42- Which engages with it, and its upward movement is limited by a stud 43 disposed upon a suitable part of the-framework of the machine and in the path of movement of the lever.

Upstanding from the base or other part of the frame-Work of 'the machine is a bracket 44 provided with a guiding-slot 45 in which the controlling-lever 40 is adapted to move. Pivoted to said bracket, below the plane Vof the lever 40, is a latch or holdingmember 46 provided With a lug 46a adapted to engage the upper edge of the lever 40 When depressed. Mounted on the bracket, to the rear of the latch, is a stud 44n which is designed to limit the outward movement of the latch 46.

Fast on the rock-shaft 37 is an upwardly extending abutment member. 4T provided 115 with an engaging lug or extension 47. Normally, the lug 47a occupies a position in the pathof the thrust or upward movement of the loose dog' member 22. lVhen, however, double-spacing of the carriage is desired, the operator depresses the controlling lever 40 and latches it by the member 44. The depressing movement of the lever 40 rocks the shaft, through the intermediate link 39 and arm 38, and thereby positions the member 47 out of the path of movement of the loose dog-member 22. When thus uncontrolled, the tendency of the dog-member 22 is to move upwardly under the action of the spring 25. This movement of the dog, hoW- or another of whichv would be engaged by the dog (according to the 'character ofA 4spacing that the carriage is set to space)- the stud 24 need not bel relied upon to control the thrust of the dog. The return movement of the dog member 22 is 'eected by the rotative movement of the escapementwheel which movement, as will well be uncll erstood, is eiiected by the travel of the car.- riage under the action of the carriage spring 3.l To limit the. movement of the dog member 22 in returning to normal position, it is provid adjacent to its upper end, and which shoulders are adaptedgto abut against the edge 19 of they dog carrier 19.

@arrangeback shifting- The lconstruction and relative arrangement of the parts of this escapement-mechanism is such that back- -shifting of the carriage is permitted, and the extent of back-shifting is determined by the position of the abutment member 47; that is to say, ifit is'in the path of movement of the do member 22, the back-shifting will be on y for a single space; whereas, if said abutment member 47 has been positioned out of the path of the dog member` 22, the spaeing movement will be doubled. In other words, the back-shifting will be according to the character of spacing for which the carriage has been fixed to travel, and which1 as aforesaid, is governed by the control lever 40. If the operator desires to back-shift the carriage when fixed for single-spacing, she will manually push the carriage toward the starting po'sition.y This will rotate the escapement-wheel in the direction opposite to its normal rotation. As it is the loose dog which is in engagement with vthe escapement-wheel after each spacing movement of the carriage, the reverse rotation of the escapement-wheel willv draw the loose dog upwardly and into engagement with thef abutment member or single-space stop 47, and this will limit the further backward movement of the carriage. Simultaneously, `the escapement-Wheel will, by reason of its slid,- ing engagement With the loose dog, rock the member 22l and effect an engagement of the loose dog 23 into engagement with it, whereby overthrow'rotative movement ofthe es capement-wheel is prevented and the carriage positively stopped at a position corresponding exactly with that from which the carriage had been spaced by the .previous actuation of a key-lever. As will be clear,

-the rearward movement thus permitted will correspond to the normal forward spacing movement permitted by the escapement- `mechanism, as already described. If, howed with one or more shoulders 22" ever, the machine is set forv double-spacing, and the single-space stop or abutment member 47 is positioned out of the path of movement of the dog member 22, the reverse rotative movement of the escapement-wheel Will draw the dog member22 upwardly and lbeyond the normal engaging position of the single space stop 47 and, in fact, until the stud or pin 26, carried by the dog member 22, engages the lower extension 27 of the plate 28. The escapement-wheel will, then, force the loose dog 23 out of holding engagement with it and, thereby'rock the do carrier 22 on its axis so as to force the rigi dog 2O into operative engagement with the escapement-wheel and which will, then, prevent furtherrotative movement of the eslcapement-wheel. The'rigid dog 20, therefore, becomes an abutment to limit the further backward movement ofy the carriage which, thus, has .now been positioned two spaces backwardlytoward the starting po- -sition and, in consequence, in a positionto permit printing in the -space from which the carriage had been moved by the last actuation of one of the keys, and which, as will be understood, equals a distance of two spaces.v It will now, also, be clear that, whenever the operator desires to release the carriage so as to position it at any required point or' to return it to starting position, she eii'ects a raising of the rackthrough the instrumentalities already described-to rock the pawl 12 into enga ement'with the escapement-wheel. There y, the rack is simultaneously disengaged from the'pinion .-9a, so that no actuation thereof can occur, and the pawl locks the escapelment-wheel and, in consequence, all of the 'carriage one space while the parts are being restoredto position. When the operator re-4 leases her touch upon the key-lever and the rack is permitted to return to normal position and into engagement with the pinion, the pawl, under the action of the-controlling spring connected therewith, disengages from the escapement-wheel and thereby. ermits the same to be actuated when any of t e keylevers are depressed by the operator.

In Fig. 18, I have shown a somewhat diff ferent form of carriage-release mechanism: In this instance, the p1n1on'9a 1s controlled by a clutch-device 48 held normally in engagement with said pinion by a spring 49- and adapted to be disengaged therefrom-by a bell-crank-lever 50, which may be actuated through a link 51, by a key-member (not shown) disposed in or contiguous to the keyboard. It will be seen that the lever 50 has an angulated extension 502t which is adapted to lockingly engage the escapementwheel 8 when the lever 50 is rocked to unclutch the parts.

The simplicity of the construction, the direct action incident to the actuation of the operable parts, and thev peculiar relative arrangement thereof, combine to produce' an escapement-mechanism which is capable of the highest degree of efliciency, whereby certain of the parts are so controlled that their actuation is accomplished with an accelerated eect. Moreover, by relying upon the carriage spring in some instances, or, in others, upon the weight of, and the momentum to, the carriage, I thereby use instrumentalities to accelerate the movement of the parts of the machine so that, the instant an impression has been made by a type-bar which has been actuated tothe printing position by its respective key-lever, all parts which are movable into a Zone of interference therewith are rapidly removed from that zone. In fact, it is the desideratum and important feature of my invention to expedite and accelerate the removal of any and all operative parts from the field or zone of interference before another part or set of parts is moved into that field or zone and to permit a rapid let-off of the carriage the instant a printing-character is printed upon the work-sheet. Another important feature isthat, in the event that the carriage is sluggish in its movement, for any reason, the inactive face of the holding dog will, when the key-lever is being depressed by the operator, co-act with the inactive face of one of the teeth of the escapement-wheel and cam the carriage forward to the next letter-space in time to permit the proper imprinting of the desired printing-character upon the vwork-sheet. To this end, the parts are 'so formed and arranged that all friction is eliminated or reduced to a minimum and, at the same time, a leverage upon the operating parts is effected to facilitate their restoration to normal position: For this purpose, as will be noted, the fulcrum or axis of the dog-carrier 19 and the position of the rigid and loose'dogs are such, relative to a line drawn through the center of the axis of the dog-carrier and of the escapcment-wheel, that but little movement of these parts is requisite to engage and disengage them; and, incidentally, there is produced an exceedingly strong repulser or accelerated etl'ect upon the parts without the employment of a beveled dog or a beveled rack, as now customary.

The particular relative position of the axis or fulcrum of the dog-carrier l5) is exeedingly important; and the eiciency of my device resides, in a large measure, m this feature: It'is to be seen that the nearer to the. escapement-vvheel the axis of dog-carrier is (as indicated diagrammatically by A, Fig. 17a), the less Willsbe the force of the repulse, even with the holding-dog formed and positioned as it 'new is showna On the other hand, (as indicated diagrammatically by B and C, Fig. 17a) the more remote is the fulcrum or axis of the carrier (within limits, of course) the greater will be the repulsen Practical operation of the device has shown that, for general purposes, the preferable relative position of said axis is substantially as herein disclosed. By accelerating and augmenting the spacing movement of the carriage, due to the employment of the specified means Which include direct connections and direct action incident to their relative arrangement and construction, the parts are accelerated in their movement tow ard normal position.

As I am aware that it has heretofore been proposed to provide for the rapid let-off of the carriage and, also, to utilize, as a repulser, the carriage-spring, operating in conjunction with beveled or cammed toothed members, I do not claim these features per se; but, by the use of my device, I provide an escapement-mechanism which is more rapid in its operation than those now'in use; and, as has been found in the practical operation of my device, the letting off of the carriage, as the dogs disengage from the escapement-wheel, is exceedingly rapid; and, besides, it has also been found that the carriage starts in its movement sooner and more rapidly than where'the engaging parts are beveledand arranged at right angles. Moreover, the particular construction Aof the same produces a most practical and powerful accelerator for restoring the key-operated or other actuated parts to normal position; and by which mechanism I eliminate practically all friction, whereby the num-V a strong carriage-spring 1s rendered unnecessary: It will be noted, for instance, that the loose or limber dog 23, when'it actuates, after disengaging from the teethof the eseapemcnt-wheel, is projected past these teeth in a line which is relatively straight in refereure to the plane of the tWo proximate teeth from between which it has been removed. Were the body of this dog curved in the d1- rection of and to conform tothe teeth, there would be engendered much friction, in consequence of which a stronger spring to control the same would necessarily have to b e employed; Therefore, the operating face of this dog is cut on a radius relatively to the axis of the dog-carrier 19. It will therefore be observed that the active face of the tooth of the escapement-wheel then adjacent to the loose dog is relatively straight and liat and that it is in radial line with respect yto the axis of the escapement-Wheel; and, furthermore, that the outer periphery or active face of the loose dog is cut as practically a true are relatively to the axis of the dog-carrier so that, when said dog is disengaging from the tooth of the eseapement-wheel, its movement isin a true arc relative to the face of said tooth. Again, it will be observed that the active face of the holding dog is so cut and positioned with relation to the axis of the carrier that it will positively engage the active face of the adjacent tooth 0f the escapement-Wheel simultaneously, approximately, with the disengagement of the loose dog from the tooth with which ithas been in contact, and that thereby any rotation of the escapement-wheel-*and conse quently any movement'of the carriageis prevented while the key-lever is held depressed by the operators finger. Moreover,

the operative face of the rigid dog 1s made to conform to the surface of the loose dog.

While I secure a repulser eifect by the peeuliar conformation of these parts relatively to each other, and also by reason of -their relative position and operation, .I introduce a simple and more effective principle into the operation of escapement-mechanisms than has heretofore been proposed; and I therefore avoid the use of beveled or cammed constructions, such as beveled dogs, beveled racks, and the like.

RepuZser operation-It will be seen that the loose or limber dog` which constitutes a detent-member, normally controls the escapement-wheel; that is to say, it is the dog which is in engagement with the escapement-wheel when the carriage comes to rest after each actuation of an operating keylever. The actuation of the dog-carrier 19, as by a key-lever, rocks the dog-carrier on its fulcrum, which operation effects a withdrawal of the loose-dog, by a slidingly-engaging movement, from the lower face of the tooth of the escapement--wheel with which said dognormally engages. Simultaneously, saiddog-carrier 19 is acting to position the rigid dog into engagement with the upper face of 'a tooth of the escapement-wheel, so that, just before the loose dog separates from the escapemcnt-wheel tooth, the rigid or holding-dog will have engaged the proper tooth of the escapementwheel. The instant that the loose dog is free from thc escapement- Wheehthc spring 25 thrusts the dog-member-22 upwardly until it engages the spacing stop-member or abutment 47, where the .machine has been set for normal spacing; or, if the machine has been set for double-spacing, the dog@ ment-wheel and, by this action, to displace therefrom, by a rotative movement, the rigid or holding dog. The dog member 19, being under no restraint and aided by the spring 25, is given an impulse. VThis impulse, by reason o f the form of the engaging faces of the teeth of the escapement-wheel and lof the holding dog, is transmitted by the dog carrier vto the therewith which, in the rst instance, have operated to actuate the dog carrier and thereby rock the dog carrier in a direction opposite to that of the impulse-producing direction, and which rocking movement has disengaged the loose dog from the escapement-wheel, as already described. The impulse, thus imparted to the parts, as just mentioned, restores them to normal position,v and is of a character-by reason of the direct connection of the parts, the particular nature of the engagement ofy the holding dog with the escapement-wheel, etc.'-that it facilitates and expedites such restoration of the parts. As a result, any elements or devices, which have to be actuated into a zone where they are in danger of colliding with elements or devices bein returned to normal position, are instant y and rapidly removed from that Zone and to normal position before any of the other elements or devices are again actuated thereinto.

The impulse-producing action, just described, results from the fact that the escapement-wheel repels the holding dog and,

thus, the dog carrier, from engagement .the reasons specilied-is utilized for at leastA two purposes, namely, (l) to rock the dog' carrier on its fulcrum and, thereby, effect an engagement of the detent dogwith the cscapement-wheel; and (2) `to operate the parts which initially actuate the dog carrier and, thus, restore them to normal position. Therefore, I .have herein, in some in- ,15 the carriage sprmg or carriage' parts and devicesconnectingl j proximately from its center,

stances, referred to this operation as a reetc. Likewise, the invention is equally applicable to so-called book-typewriters tor controlling the movement of the book-supporting structures forming a part of this class of machines.

ldlhile I have herein described my invention in detail, and illustrated the same in but one form or embodiment, it. is nevertheless to be understood that it is susceptible ot a wide range of modiiication Without departing from the spirit of the invention; and it is also to be understood that notwithstanding the fact that have described the details ot the structure, l, do not limit myself to such details exceptin so far as the same are speciiically included. in the claims.

Having thus Jfully described my invent-ion, its construction, its mode of operation, and the several uses thereof, what claim as new and desire to secure byylletters-latent is:

l. n escapement mechanism comprising an escapement member having the engaging faces ot its teeth cut on lines radiating apa' motor for actuating said member` and a 'plurality of dog members lying andfmoving in the plane of the member and adapted to be alternately actuated into cooperative. engagement therewith so that when one of said dog members is in its holding position substantially its entire working tace is in engagement with one ot' the teeth ot said escapement member and has a relatively prolonged sliding movement thereon. whereby said motor tends to return said parts to normal position.

2. A\n escapement mechanism comprising an eseapeinent member having the engaging tai-es ol' its teeth (futon lines radiating approximately l'rom its center, a motor for aC- luating said member, va plurality of dog members lying and moving in thek plane of the member, and a dog carrier common to said dog members and operable to cli'eot e11- gagement thereof willi said escapement member so that when one ol" said bers is in its holding position its working l'ace, has a sliding engagement ot substantial duration with one ol' the teeth olf said escapement member, whereby said motor tends to return said parts to normal position. l'

3. An escapement mechanism com )rising dog meman escapementimember having the engaging faces ot its teeth cut on lines radiating approximately trom its center, a motor for actuating said member, a pluralityof dog members lying and moving in the plane oi the member, a dog carrier common to said dog-members and operable to ett'ect engagement thereof with said escapement member so that whenone of said dog members is in its holding position. its Working face has a sliding engagement of substantial duration with a tooth of said escapement member, whereby said motor tends to return said parts to normal position, and actuating mechanism for said carrier. l

l. An escapement mechanism comprising an escapement wheel having the engaging faces of its teeth eut on lines radiating approximately from its center. a plurality of dog members lying and moving in the plane ot the member, a dog carrier common thereto and operable to effect engagement of said dog members with said escapement wheel, and actuating means including a carriagemoving motor for facilitating movement of the escapement wheel. the engagement ot the dog member with said wheel being such tl: .it when the former is in a holding position against the latter the working face of the dog member has a sliding engagement of substantial vduration with a tooth of the wheel, whereby said motor tends to return said parts to normal position.

An escapement mechanism comprising an escapement wheel having the engaging faces ot its teeth cut on lines radiating approximately from its center, a motor` for actuating said wheel, a plurality of., dog members lying and moving in the plane of the wheel. a spring-controlled dog carrier common thereto and operable to effect engagement ot the dog members. with the esea pement wheel. and actuating means therefor. the engagement of the dog member Wit said wheel being such thatwhen the former is in a holding position against the latter the working face ot the dog member has a sliding engagement ot substantial duration with 'a tooth ot the wheel, whereby said motor tends to return said parts to normal position.

G. An esca pement mechanism, comprising an eseapement wheel, a motor for actuating said wheel. a dog carrier juxtaposed thereto, a holding dog carried thereby, and a detent dog slidably mounted on said carrier and alternating with said holding dog in engaging said eseapement wheel. both of said dogs lyingand moving in the plane of the wheel` the operative or engaging tace or portion of one ot said dogs being eut straight relatively lo ils path ot movement toward and away l'rom the axis of said escapement-wheel, the engagement ol' one ot said dogs with said wheel being such4 that when the former is inv a holding position against the latter substantially the entire Working face of the dog is in engagement with a tooth of the wheel, whereby said motor tends to return said parts to normal position.

n escapement mechanism, comprising an escapement wheel having the engaging faces of its teeth out on lines radiating approximately from its center, a carriage, a

' when the former is in a holding position against the latter substantially the entire Working face of the dog is in engagement with a tooth. of the Wheel, whereby Said motor tends to return said parts to normal position, `and means connecting with said carrier and adapted to be actuated thereby.

8. An escapement mechanism, comprising an escapement wheel having the engaging faces of its teeth cut on lines radiating approximately from its center, a carriage, a rack-and-pinion connection between saidcarriage and escapement wheel, a carriagef propelling motor connecting with said car rlage, a dog carrier disposed in juxtaposition to said escapement wheel, a holding dog on said carrier and movable thereby into and out of engagement 'with said wheel, a loose dog movably mounted on said carrier and positioned thereby into engagement with said wheel, both of said dogs lying and moving in the plane ofthe wheel, actuating means for `said carrier, means for 'controlling the actuation of said carrier in at least one direction, the engagement of one of said dogs with said .wheel being such that when the former is in a holding position against the latter substantially the entire Working face of the dog is in engagement with a tooth of the wheel, whereby said motor tends to return said parts 4to normal position, andn means connecting with said carrier and adapted to be actuated thereby.

9. An escapement mechanism, including .1n combination, an escapement wheel having the engaging faces of its teeth cuton lines radiating approximately from its center, a carriage, a rack-and-pinion connection betweenr said carriage and escapement wheel, afcarriage-propelling motor connectingwith said carriage, a dog carrier disposed in juxtaposition to said escapement wheel, and actuating means for said carrier,v

one of said dogs having such engagement with said wheel that when it is in its holding position thereagainst substantially its entire working face is in contact with a tooth of the wheel, whereby said motor tends to return said parts to normal position when said holding dog is moved out of engagement with said .escapement wheel and said carrier is operated to influence the actuation of said actuating means.

10. An escapement mechanism, comprising an escapement wheel, a carriage, a rackand-pinion connection between said carriage and escapement wheel, a carriage-propelling spring connecting with said carriage, a dog carrier disposed in juxtaposition to said escapement wheel and having its axis substantially parallel to the axis of said escapement wheel, a holding dog on said carrier and movable thereby intoA and out of engagement with said wheel, and a loose dog movably mounted on said carrier and positioned thereby into engagement with said` wheel, one of said dogs having such engagement with said wheel that when it is in its holding position thereagainst substantially its entire working face is in contact with a tooth of the wheel, whereby said spring tends to return said parts to normal position.

11. An escapement mechanism, comprising an escap'ement wheel, a carriage, a connection between' said carriage and 'escapement Wheel, a carriage-propelling spring connecting with said carriage, a dog carrier disposed in juxtaposition to said escapement wheel, a holding dog on said carrier and movable thereby into and out of engagement with said wheel, a loose dog movably mounted on said carrier and positioned thereby into engagement with said Wheel, actuating means for said carrier, one of said dogs having such engagement with said wheel that when it is in its holding position thereagainst substantially its entire working face is in contact with a tooth of the wheel, whereby said spring tends to return said parts to normal position, and a spacecontrolling device movable into and out of Y operative relation to said dog carrier to control the degree of travel of said carriage.

1 2'. An escapement mechanism, comprising an escapement wheel, a carriage, a connection between said carriage and eseapement wheel, a carriage-propelling spring connecting with said carriage, a dog carrier disposedv in juxtaposition to said escapement wheel, a holding dog on said carrier and movable thereby into and out of engagement with said wheel, a loose dog movably mounted onhsaid carrier and positioned thereby into engagenmnt with said wheel, actuating means for said carrier, and variable spacing mechanism including a movable stop device for controlling the degreefof travel of said carriage, said carriage being sliiftable in a direction reverse to its normal travel andv adapted to be controlled in such shifting by said variable spacing mechanism.

13. An escapement mechanism, comprising an escapeinent wheel, a carriage, a connection between said carriage and escapement wheel, a carriage propelling spring connecting with said carriage, a dog carrier dis-- posed in juxtaposition to said escapement wheel, a holding dog on said carrier and movable thereby into and out of, engagement with said wheel, a loose dog mo'v'ably mounthd on said carrier 'and positioned thereby into engagement with said wheel, actuating means for said carrier, one of said dogs hav-- said carriage, a dogcari'ier disposed in juxtaposition to said escapement wheel, a holding dog on said carrier and movlable thereby into and out of engagement with said wheel,

a loose dog mov-ably mounted on said carrier and positioned thereby into engagement with said wheel, actuating means for said carrier, one of said dogs having such engagement with said wheel that when it is in its holding position thereagainst substantially its entire working face is in contact with a tooth of the wheel, whereby said spring tends to return said parts'to normal positio'in'and a' wheel locking device for controlling said escapement wheel whenever said carriage is placed out of holding connection with said wheel. v

15. An escapenient mechanism comprising an escapeinent member having engaging faces of its teeth cut on lines radiating from its center, a motor for actuating said member, dogs coperating therewith and one of which has a relatively straight face, bothof said dogs lying and moving in the plane of the Wheel, one of the dogs having such oooperative engagement with a tooth of said escapement member that when it is in its holding position thereagainst its Working face has a sliding contact of substantial duration with said tooth and receives thereing said member, en

from an effective impulse assaid member is moved under the iniiuence of said motor, and an operating Idevice ope/ratively connected with the Adogs for "effecting their operation and adapted'to be actuated under the action of said impulse.

16. An escapemei'it mechanism comprising an escapement mem er, a motor for actuataging dogs coperating therewith and one of which has a relatively straight engaging face, both of the dogs lying and moving in the plane of the member, one of said4 dogs having such coperative engagement with a tooth of said escapement member that wi'en it is in its holding position thereagainst substantially its entire working face is in contact with said tooth and receives therefrom an impulse as said wheel revolvesunder the influence of said motor, and/actuating mechanismconnecting with said dog and having imparted to it the impulse received from said dog.

17. An escapement mechanism comprising an escapement wheel, a power device oper' atively connecting therewith, engaging dogs coperating therewith and one of which has a relatively straight engaging face, both of said dogs lying and moving in the plane of the wheel, one of said dogs having such cooperative engagement with a tooth of said escapement member that when it is in its holding position thereagainst substantially its entire working face is in contact with said tooth and receives therefrom an impulse-action whereby said power device tends to return the parts to normal position, and actuating mechanism to which said impulseaction is transmitted.

18. An escapement mechanism comprising an escapement wheel having the engaging faces of its teeth cut von lines radiating apr proXimately from the center of said escapement wheel, a spring for said wheel, a plurality of wheel-engaging dogs, one of which has its operative face formed to correspond with said wheel teeth, anda dog carrier, one oflsaid dogs having such engagement with said wheel that when it is in its holding position thereagainst substantially its entire working face is in contact with a tooth of the wheel, whereby said spring tends to re-l entire working facel is in contact with'said tooth 'whereby rotation of said Wheel under the influence of said power device will impart an eli'ective impulse to said dog and its -carrier and return the parts to normal posi- .one of said dogs having such coperative engagement with a tooth of said escapement memberv that when it is in its holding position thereagainst substantially its entire vworking face is in contact with said tooth whereby s aid wheel, when driving under the influence of said power device, will impart an effective impulse to said dog carrier.

21. An escapement mechanism comprising an escapement wheel having the engaging faces of its teeth cut on lines radiating approximately from the center of said escapement wheel, a power device for said wheel, a

plurality of wheel-engaging dogs havingA their engaging'faces formed slidingly to engage with those of the teeth of the wheel, a movable dog carrier having its fulcrum disposed out of alinement with said dogs and the axis of said wheel, one of said' dogs having such coperating engagement with a tooth of said escapement wheel lthat when it is in its holding position thereagainst substantially its entire working face is in contact with said tooth whereby said wheel, when drivenfunder'the influence of said power device, will impart an impulse to said dog carrier, and a variable spacing mechanism-for governing the extent of rotative movement of said escapement wheel.

22. An escapement mechanism comprising an escapement wheel having the engaging faces of its teeth cut on lines radiating ap- ]'iroxiinately from the center of said escapement wheel, a power device for said wheel, a plurality of wheel-engaging dogs having 1thei r engaging faces' formed slidingly toengage with those of the teeth of the wheel, 'a movable dog carrier having its fulcrum disposed out of alinement with said dogs and the axisofi said wheel, one of said dogs having such cooperative engagement with a tooth of .said escapement wheel that when it is in its holding position thereagainst substantially its entire working face is in contact with said tooth whereby said wheel, when driven underI the influence of said power device, will impartan impulse to said dog carriage, a keyboardincluding key members for actuating said dog carrier, and

mentwheel, a power device forsaid wheel, a r

plurality of wheel-engaging dogs having their engaging faces formed slidingly to engage with those of the teeth of the wheel, a movable dog carrier having its fulcrum disposed out of alinement with said dogs. and the aXis of said wheel, one of said dogs having such coperative engagement with a tooth of said escapement wheel that when it is in its holding position thereagainst substantially its entire working face is in contact with said `tooth whereby said wheel, when driven under the influence of said power device, will impart an impulse to said dog carrier, and an. escapement wheel locking device juxtaposed to and movable into engagement with said wheel. l 24. An escapement mechanism comprising an escapement wheel, a. motor for actuating said wheel, and detent and holding dogs coperating with said wheel, one of said dogs having such engagement with said Wheel that when it is in its holding position thereagainst substantially its entire working face is in contact with a tooth of the wheel, whereby said spring'tends toireturn said parts to normal position, in combination with a carriage under the control of said escapement wheel, the normally inactive face of said detent dog also coperating with said wheel to permit a limited back-shifting'movement of said carriage.

25. An escapement mechanism comprising an escapement wheel, a motor for actuating said wheel, and detent and holding dogs cooperating with said wheel, one of said dogs having such engagement with ysaid wheel that when it is in its holding position thereagainst substantially its entire working face is in contact with a tooth of the wheel, whereby said spring tends to return said parts to normal position, in com-v bination .with a carriage under the control of said escapement wheel, the normally inactive faces of said detent and holding dogs also coi'ierating with said wheel .to permit a limited back-shifting movement of said carriage. 2G. AnA eseapement mechanism comprising an escapement wheel, and detent and holding dogs eoiiperating with said wheel, in combination with a carriage Vunder the 'control of said escapement wheel, the normally inactive faces of said detent and holding dogs cooperating with said wheel'to i,

permit a limited back-shifting movement of; said'carriage, and a carriage-spaclngregushiftableA in relation to one of said dogs to determine the degree of back-shitting of the carriage.

2T ln combination, a carriage, a support therefor, a carriage motor device acting to propel said carriage in one direction, an escapement wheel Nconnecting with said carriage and operating, in one direction, under the influence of said carriage motor device, said wheel being provided with teeth cut on lines radiating approximately from its center, a movable dog-carrier juxtaposed'to said escapement wheel, -a holding dog carried thereby and cooperating with a radiating tooth of said'escapement wheel to control the same in its rotation in one direction,

a detent dog also cooperating with said lescapement wheel to control the rotation of the same and connecting with and operated by said dog carrier, the said holding dog having a cooperative engagement with a tooth on said escapement wheel so that when it is in its holding position thereagainst substantially its entire working face is in contact with the tooth, said dog being releasable from said escapement wheel, when said detent dog engages therewith, to receive an impulse imparted to said escapment Wheel under the influence of said carriage motor device, and actuating mechanism for said dog carrier operatively connecting therewith to receive the impulse imparted to said dog carrier and thereby to restore the parts of the actuating mechanism to normal position.

28. In combination, a carriage, a support therefor, a carriage motor device acting to propel said carriage in one direction, an escapement wheel connecting with said carriage and operating, in. one direction, under the influence of said carriage motor device, a movable dog carrier juigtaposed to said escapement wheel, a holding dog carried thereby and engaging said escapement wheel to control the same in its rotation in one direction and having a cooperative engagement with a tooth on said escapement wheel so that when it is in its holding position thereagainst substantially its entire working face is in contact with the tooth, a detent dog carried by said dog carrier and having a sliding movement thereon at an angle to a line drawn through the axes of the escapement wheel and dog carrier, means connectingr with said detent dog to actuate it past one or more teeth of theescapement wheel, a guiding connection between said detent dog and said dog carrier for guiding said detent 4dog into engagement with said escapement wheel, and actuatin means connecting with said deg carrier andl eriving movement therefrom under the inxiuence of the impulse imparted thereto.

29. In an Yescapement mechanism, the

combination with a toothed wheel, of wheel-engaging dogs having movement 1ndependently of each other, one of said dogs having such engagement with said Wheel that when it is in its holding position there- Vagainst substantially its entire working tace is in contact with a tooth ot' the wheel, keymechanism for controlling the same whereby the dogs are actuated to lock the escapement and the parts which it controls during the downward movement of the key mechanism, and carriage-propelling mechanism acting upon the release of said wheel by said escapement positively to actuate the escapement mechanism and restore vthe parts connecting therewith to their normal position.

30. An escapement mechanism, comprising a member provided with teeth having normally gctive and inactive faces, and dogs also having normally active and inactive t'ces, one of sai-d'dogs having cooperative gagement with a tooth otl said escapement 'wheel so that when it is in its holding position thereagainst substantially its entire active face is in contactl with the'tooth of the wheel, in combination with a carriage under tension, and key-mechanism for actuating the dogs to permit advance movement of said carriage when said normally active faces of the toothed member and dogs engage, and for positioning said normally inactive faces of the toothed member and on of the dogs in engagement to cam said carriage forward and accelerate its travel wh n its normal travel is in any way retarded.

3l. An escapement mechanism includ ng in combinatioma toothed member ha ing straight operating faces, a pivoted dog carrier, and a dog-thereon provided with au operating face substantially similar to the operating faces of said toothed member, said dog operating as a detent when moved to.- ward the axis of the toothed membei and as an accelerator when moved in the ,/opposite direction. Y j' 32. An escapement mechanism including in combination, ay toothed member pro/vided with ,straight-cut teeth, a dog member arranged in juxtaposition thereto and carl/tying a dog also provided with a straight-crit operative ace, and .means for producing a relative 1novexnent,'between said members so that the means for positioning said dog-controlling member in relation to the movable dog whereby the same will bev permitted to have a variable movement, a second dog on the dog carrier provided with a rack-engaging face which lies in a plane parallel with the working face of each of the teeth of said` escapement rack when said dog is in engagement with said rack, .and a motor acting on said rack member to return the parts to normal position.

34. An escapement mechanism including in combination, an escapement rack provided with straight-cut teeth, a carriage controlled thereby, a dog carrier arranged in juxtaposition to said rack, a movable dog supported on said dog carrier and provided with a straight-rut operative face, means for producing a relative movement between the escapement-rack and the'dog carrier so that the dog will act as a detent when the carrier is operated in one direction relatively to the rack and as an accelerator when said carrier is operated vin the opposite direction, coacting means carried by said dog and said carrier to permita double-spacing movement of said carriage. and means positionable into the path of said dog and adapted to control its movement for a single-spacing movement of said carriage irrespective of whether the dog isacting as a detent or as an accelerator.

35. An escapement mechanism including in combination, an escapement wheel provided with straight-cut teeth, a carriage controlled thereby, a dog carrier arranged in juxtaposition to said wheel, a movable dog supported von said dog carrier and provided with a straight-cut operative face, means for producing a relative n'iovement between the escapement-rack 'and the dog carrier so that the dog will act as a detent when the carrier`is operated in one direction relatively to the rack and as an accelerator when said carrier is operated in the opposite direction, coacting means carried by said dog and said carrier to permit a double-spacingmovement ot' said carriage, and means positionable into the path of said dog and adapted to control its movement for a single-spacing movement of said carriage irrespective et whether the dog is acting as a detent 0r as an accelerator.

36. An eseapement mechanism including' in combination, van escapemcnt rack provided with straight-cut teeth, a carriage controlled thereby, a dog carrier arranged in juxtapositionto-said rack, amovable dog supported on said dog carrier and provided with a straight-cut operative face, means for producing a relative movement between the escapeinent-miek and the dog carrier so that the dog will act as a detent when the carrier is operated in one direction relatively to the rack and as an accelerator when said carrier is operated in the opposite direction,

coacting means carried by said dog and said carrier to permit a double-spacing movement of said carriage, means positionable into the path of said dog and adapted to control its movement for a single-spacing move?.

-ment of said carriage, irrespective of whether the dog is acting as a detent or as an accelerator, and a key-lever for positioning said dog-controlling member.

37. An escapement mechanism including in combination, an escapement rack, a' dog carrier arranged in juxtaposition thereto, a dog thereon adapted to coperate with said rack and receive a repulse'movement therefrom,

a movable do@ suv orted on said carrier and a spring for actuating. said dog into one or another of a plurality of operative positions and for actuating said dog carrier to augment the repulse movement imparted thereto.

38. An escapement mechanism including in combination, an escapement rack, a dog carrier mounted vin juxtaposition thereto, a movable dog supported on said carrier, acarriage controlled by said escapement mechanism for a single or a plurality of spaces and adapted, when moved in a position opposite -to its normal travel, to actuate said escapeengagement therewith of substantial dura' tion and when it is in its holding -position thereagainst substantially its entire Working face is in contact with said tooth and rey ceives therefrom an impulse as said rack 1s moved.

40. An escapement mechamsm, comprismg a rack and two rack-engaging dogs formed,

respectively, with relatively straight and arcuated active engaging faces, one of said dogs having co eratlve engagement with a tooth of said rac r, the engaging face of said vdog and the face of said rack tooth when in contact having a sliding engagement of substantial duration whereby movement of the rackproduces an impulse on the dog.

41. An escapement mechanism comprising an cscapement rack; a motor therefori a dog carrier juxtaposed thereto; a holding dog carried thereby and having a relatively straight active face; and a detent dog `.m'ovaloly mounted on said carrier and alternatingwith ,said holding dog. yto engage said rack 'and havingI an arcuated active face; the contact of one of said dogs with the rack being such that it has a sliding engagement of substantial duration thereon, whereby said motor tends to return said parts-to normal position.

42. An escapement mechanism comprising an escapement rack; a motortherefor; a dog carrier juxtaposed thereto ;A a holding dog carried thereby 'and having a relatively straight active aeeand a .detent dog mov'- ably mounted on said carrier and alternating with .said holding dog to engage said rack and having an arcuated active face; the contact of onevof said dogs with the rack being such that it has a sliding engagement of substantial duration thereon, whereby said motor tends to return said parts to normal' position; the other dog likewise havin a sliding engagement of. substantial duna ion with said rack to hold said rack against movement.

43. As escapement mechanism comprising a rack, a motor therefor; coperating dogs arranged in relation thereto and each having a plurality of rack-engaging portions, the cooperation of one of said dogs with uSaid raolft being such that it has a sliding engagement of substantial duration thereon,l wherethe carriage forward and accelerate its f travel when its normal Ltravel is in any Way retarded. y

In testimony whereof I aix my signature in presence or' two witnesses.

Groen lw. nonnina;

lWitnesses:

W. L. BHLMYER, EDMUND H. PARRY.

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