US1144052A - Flying-machine. - Google Patents

Description

J. F. OROURKE.

FLYING'MACHINE. APPLICATION HLED nEc.4. 1909..

Patented June 22, 1915.

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1. EJOROURKE.

A FLYING MACHINE. APPLlcAT'loN FILED DEc.4, 1909.*

APmentea June 22, 19145.

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1. f. OROURKE. FLYING MACHINE.

' APLlCATiON FILED DEC. 4, 1909. 1,144,052. I Patenteuune 22,1915.

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JOHN F.' ORURKE, OIEy NEW YORK, N. Y.

FLYING-MACHINE'.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jun22, 1915,

' Application led December 4, 1909i Serial No. 531,414.

TozaZZ whom it may concer-n.' f j Beit known that I,J0HN F. OROURKE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident ofthe city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful v Improvements in vFlying-ll/Iachines, of

which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in that class of so-calledy iying machines commonly designated aeroplaiies, usually coniprising a suitable frame provided with one or more suitably arranged planes serving to maintain' the machine in the air during flight.

The principal object of my invention is to provide means tending to cause thema- 'chineto maintain a -proper position in the air during ightor travel, such means operating automatically orunder the control of the operator as occasion may require. By havingsuch means operate automatically, as:hereinafterexplained, a considerskill and physical exertions on the part ofthe operator, as heretofore'required inf operating aeroplanes, is reduced, leaving the operator free to periorm or aid vin performing any of therequired manipulations or operations incident to controlling the aeroplane during Hight.

Other objects of my invention comprise the provision' of means whereby the machine may besteered in the desired direction, and the retardation of its forward movement and alighting. facilitated, 'and also', generally, to improve the general operation of the aeroplane, all to the end that the desired equilibrium of the aeroplane may be restored and eciently maintained without overtaxing the aviator while contributing to the security of the aeroplane and its occupant. I Y

In carrying out my invention I provide a suitably constructed aeroplane, which may be either of the monoplane, bi-plane or other type, and equip the same with snitably arranged sup lementary or auxiliary planes movable in ependently of the main or supporting piane or planes, and I connect said auxiliary planes with means acting by the force of gravity to impart to said auxiliary planes such movement as will tend or serve to cause the restoration of the aeroplane to its normal position of equilibrium in the air whenvsuch position has been'disturbed, which means comprises. a

weighted member-.suitably connected withal the auxiliary planes and connected with the main plane in such a universal manner that said member, tending normally to hang in afvertical direction, will, when the aeroplanetiltsto the right or left, or fore or aft, causey suchmovementx of the appropriate auxiliary plane or planes as will present them at such angle to the horizontal or to the main plane as will tend to cause the normalI level or equilibrium of the aeroplane to be restored. My improvements comprise means whereby the relative angular relation of said supplementary or auxiliary planes maybe adjusted with respect to the aeroplane as a whole, and continue as adjusted so that tli'e opposite equal movements that may be imparted to `said planes by the operating member or by the operator will cause angles of incidence tending to attain the desired rotation laterally and to maintain the desired direction of flight longitudinally by properly meeting the aerial forces, yand further to provide means whereby said supplementary or auxiliary planes may be adjusted with respect to each other so that their normal relation to the operating member will be altered to cause them' to act in accordance with such adjustment as respects their movement by said operating member.

I- will now describe preferred means .whereby the aforesaid and other objects of my invention may be attained, it being understood that the same is not confined to such specifically.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure l is a plan `or top view of a iiying machine embodyiiigone form 'of application of my said invention,v certain details shown in some of the hereinafter referred to figures being omitted; Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross section on line wkn: of Fig. l; Fig. 3 is an enlarged plan of one of my lateral auxiliary planes and its connections; Fig. 4 is an enlarged cross section of Fig. 3 on line g/-QU Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail view illustrating thenworking end of the lever that operates the aforesaid auxiliary planes and its relation to members comprised in itscon' nectionwith said planes. Fig. 6 1s an en-l larged top plan of Fig. 5; Fig.` 7 is,partly in section, an enlarged detail viewof devices-v for securing- Fig. 8 is an enlarged elevatiompa'rt shown'- in Avertical section? Online ,y Fig'.;.gi-.seeiihiny th'e dineetion-y oft-he fabric to the' planes;

--some transversel members being broken;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary detail end view showing pivotal mounting .of rear plane; Fig. isa diagrammatic .view of an alternative -construction of parts shown in Fig.

8; Fig. 11 is an enlarged detail inverted plan view of means providing for adjust-v ability between the weighted member and trated comprises a main ,plane B of any 'parts connected therewith for controlling `movable planes.v

The iying machinev or aeroplane illuspreferred construction, having a suitable frame from which the frame A proJects `2"-"rearwardly substantially vin the direction of L flight. The frame of plane B illustratedcomprises a front member or supporting 4 dicated by the 'dotted lines in Fig. 1, the. frame thereby constituted being covered orv inclosed by impervious fabric 4 in the usu.

rod v1, rear member or supporting rod .2',

connected by cross braces 3 and 5, and fur# ther braced by diagonally disposed ties inallyy-approved manner of constructing aeroplanes. -Such fabric is preferably secured y to said frame asat fittings 82 on rods 1, I

by bolts 83, washers-85 and nuts 84:, the fabric being clamped between 85 and 82 as shown in Fig. 7, and the remaining edges 'of the fabric laced or otherwise secured to their proximate frame members. Said frame members are firmly secured` or clamped in; anyconvenient `manner to the skeleton frame A, as for instance, to longitudinal vrods a a of the latter that project from the main frame lof plane B in the direction of Aliight. I have shownthe 4rods a a united by upright 'cross braces b and transverse. cross braces cc strengthened by diagonal 41) ties cl d in any usual disposition and manner of connection, as indlcated, for instance, m

Figs. 1 and 2. It will be observed that the y upper longitudinally extending rods a a are disposed angularly to the lower rods a a.

" The rods or members 1, 2, at their extremities are shown connected by cross braces 6 to Iconstitute extension frames for the auxiliary planes 7, 8, that are located adjacent the ends "of themain plane B.

I have shown plane B as pitched upwardly in a forward. direction with respect to the normal-position or equilibrium of the machine, andthe normal disposition of the auxiliary planes 7 and 8 is preferablyangw lar to that of plane B, as shown in Figs. 2 and 1, it being of advantage that the-auxiliary lateral planes 7, 8, be normally in parallelism with the direction of Hight or with the horizontal. According to this ar rangement the normal initial angle between ',the auxiliary planes 7, 8, and plane B is preferably the same as that of the latter to the horizontal when the machine is at rest when plane B is pitched upwardly as described. If,`however, plane B normally .gular `relations to each other.

is arrangedina horizontal manner, then the i initial position-of planes 7 and 8 could be parallelto plane B, although by the means hereinafter described for adjusting planes 7 and 8 their normal or initial angle respecting plane B may be any angle desired. In either case it is'preferable that when thel machine is flying horizontally the said supplementary planes should be substantially horizontal also. By initial angle I mean such angle 'asthe supplementary or auXiliary planes may haverelatively to plane B or to each other before they are changed l respect to the horizontal, and thus with respect to pla-ne B, and I provide means to permit said supplementary planes to-be adjustedin opposite directions, all with respect to the operating member of said planes, whereby said planes will be tilted' simultaneously by their operating member while maintaining any of such relative an' Said supplementary planes are thus adapted to operate or-be operated to maintain or tend to maintain the machine -in the position best suited tothe existing conditions of flight. To these ends I have provided arrangements as follows: y i

Referring to Fig. 3, 12 `are blocks or bear. ings, lin this instance constituting unions for 'elements of cross braces 5, 6and of suiiicient dimension to prov-ide thereinpjournals for shaft 13 passing through blocks or unions y .labomprised in frame 9 of the correspond lrigsupplementary planes 7' and 8. Shaft 1B vis rigidly secured to blocks 1a bypins 15 whereby the planes 7 and 8 are supported I and adapted to rotate with the corresponding shaft 13, and whereby their angular disposition relatively to the main plane, or to each other, or their angles of incidence to the air, may be varied by the appropriate rotation' or adjustment of shafts 13. producesuch variations I provide means as follows: Brackets 23 rigidly supported'by rods 24 secured to cross braces 3 and 5 of the main frame of plane lB carry bell crank .levers 17 and 18 pivotally connected with brackets 23 and connected with shafts-13 by arms 16 and adjustable .links19 shown comprising members 20 and 21`v connected for adjustment by turn buckles 22, the members 21 being preferably of a universal joint construction, as shown. Ihe corresponding ends of bell crank levers 17 and 18 are shown ist -. pivotally (Figs. 1 and 5) with disk29 supported noryried by The arrangement of pivotally connected by links 27 with longitudinally movable rods 25, Fig. l, slidably supported in bearings 26 shown carried by cross braces 3 of the frame of plane B (Fig. 8). The inner ends of rods 25 are shown connected by means of links 28 inally iixedly by lever 30, but which disk is connected with lever 30 in such manner as to permit desired adjustment of said disk for the purpose of adjusting planes 7 and 8 in the same direction simultaneously and preferably to an equal extent. .Lever 30 is shown pivotally supported by pivot 30 carframe or spider 31, Figs. and 8, rigidly secured to and supported by the main frame, being shown supported by upright cross braces Z332 of frame A (Figs. l and 2). arms 16, bell crank levers 17, 18, lever 30 and the connections between said parts as illustrated provide means whereby when lever 30 is in a normal or vertical position, the planes 7 and 8 Will be in any desired set position with respect to each other, and to plane B, and that when the end of leverBO, above its pivotal point 30a, is moved to the right or left, or its normal rectangular position with respect to plane B is altered, planes 7 ,and 8 will be moved or tilted simultaneously in opposite directions, so that the forward edge of one of the auxiliary planes will thereby be tilted downwardly While the corresponding edge of the other auxiliary plane will be tilted upwardly to an extent corresponding to the aforesaid movement or shifting of position of lever SOvrelatively to plane B, andsuch movements of planes 7 and 8 will, according to the arrangements described, be equal in extent, thus presenting to the' air the planes 7 and 8 at angles corresponding to the movements imparted to said planes by lever 30. 1While planes and 8 may be parallel with each other at such time as lever 30 is in the vertical position and plane Bis horizontal,

to thus have said planes at such time in any desired position with respect to the horizontal, for instance, in a horizontal position., l provide means whereby such normal initial like angles of said planes te plane B may be, at the will of the aviator, within limits, modified equally and said planes be adjusted or set to new initial supplementary angles without interfering with the capacity j of the supplementary planes to have movement simultaneously in opposite directions. The means l have shown for this purpose are follows.' Disk 29 normally ixedly by lever 30, but adapted to be rotated thereon te simultaneously' move reds toward er from each other, whereby planes 7 and 8 will be adjusted equally simultaneously the 'saine direction. To this end the upper end of lever 30 is provided with a bearing Aoppositely disposed bell crank is. as aforesaid, carried 66 within which rotatably held a spindle 67 carried by disk 29. Serrations or teeth as at 68 are shown provided upon the periphery of bearing 66. A pair of evers or pawls 64, are rotatably carried by disk 29 by pivotal connections 64, 65. Each of said pawls has its major arm provided with a tongue 69, oppositely disposed relatively to each other and adapted to engage the serrations or teeth 68. One of said pawls carries on its minor arm a pin 65a (-F ig. 6), the minor arm of the other of said pawls being provided with a slot 642 containing, and within which pin 651L plays. are normally held in engagement with serrations or teeth 68 of bearings 66 by stress of the springs 70 connecting said pawls with disk 29. From the outer end of the major arm of each of said pawls extends a cord or connection 71, 72 respectively, which are shown passing over idlers 73, 74 and 75 and 76, (Fig. 8), to terminate at points conveniently adjacent to the aviators position. The idlers 74 and 76 are rotatively mounted 0n `cross rods 77 carried by upright cross braces .7262 of frame A,

Figs. 2 and 8, and the idlers 73 and 75 are similarly carried by cross rods 78 supported by the longitudinal corresponding rods a a of said frame. The construction described is such that a downward pull by the aviator on either of the cords 71 or 72 will lift one of the tongues 69 of the corresponding pawl out of engagement With a serration 68 in bearing 66, thereby simultane'ously releasing also, owing to the pin and slot-- connection noted, the opposite tongue 69 from its similar engagement with a serration 68, and thus v unlocking disk 29 from lever 30 to the extent of permitting said disk to rotate relatively to said lever.

80, 81 are stop pins carried by disk 29 to limit movement imparted to the pawl by the l aforesaid pull. It follows that a continuation of said pull by the aviato' after unlocking disk 29 from lever 80 will result in rotatingi said disk relatively Yto lever 30 in directions determined by whichever of the two cords 71 or 72 is pulled. It thus follows that both rods l25 may be simultaneously pulled inward toward each other or pushed apart by the aviator within limits as desired, whereby through the medium of the bell crank levers 17, 18, arms 16, and connections of said parts With the auxiliary planes and with disk 29, said planes will be simultaneously equally adjusted with respect to their previous angle respecting the plane B, and this can be accomplished without interfering with the operation of planes and 8 by lever 30 in opposite directions. rlherefore. the aviator may, at will, by pulling on said cords as occasion requires, turn to the extent desired both of said auxiliary planes 7 and 8 in the same direction or to greater or less angles thereof with respect Tongues 69 of said pawls" to plane B ascompared with their preceding angles relatively to said plane. It will be observed that when the aviator releases the cord the disk 29 will be again locked in such adjusted position with respect to lever 30 leaving planes 7 and 8 setv '1n such position of adjustment until such-time as a new adjustment of said planes is desired, said planes thus remaining set at such relative angle as long as desired. Planes,7 and 8 may be restored to their initial angular relation to main plane B or moved to, any other desired angle relatively thereto as and when desired at the will of the aviator by 'operating of the cords 70 or 71'. l l

Means for operating lever 30 to cause adjustment of'auxiliary planes 7 and 8 with` respect to plane B may 'be effected automatically or by the action of the operator, whereby when the aeroplane tilts from the position of equilibrium or stability during flight it will be quickly restored to its previous position or tosuch other position in the air as may be desired. The means I have shown for this purposeare as follows: The lower portion of lever 30 is connected with a weighted or gravitated member 51.suspend ed from thevmain frame of the machine, and to this end I have shown-the lower end of lever 30 as terminating in fork 33 straddling the horizontally disposed lever 34 pivoted as at 35 to'one of the transverse crossbraces c36 of frame A. The opposite orl forward end of lever 34C passes vfreely through yoke or head 37' of swivel 38 (Fig. 8), adjustably secured to weighted member or carrier 51. In the arrangement shownV member .or carrier 51 is provided vwith a seat 52-fo'r the aviator. Member or carrier 51 isv loosely suspended from the main frame of the machine, and in a universal manner, so as to be free to swing in any direction, the arrangement for which purpose I have s'hown comprising four hangers 53, one for each of the corners ofmember 51. Hangers 53 have at their lower ends eyes 541 looselyengaging the eye bolts 55 on member 51, and at their upper Aend eyes 56 loosely engage with eye bolts 57 shown carried by -brackets 58 supported at cross rods 59 carried by the rods a of ,the main frame ber or carrier 51 with the frame of the machine andthe connection of said member with the auxiliary planes by the mechanism described -permits movement of 'said member in substantially all directions, and causes lever 34 to partake of some of the movements of said member, whereby said weighted member is, by gravity, caused to maintain a substantially vertical position relative to the flying machine as a whole, notwithstand-v ing movements of such machine in various directions.

, v When thegerplane is in a'normal or-y the machine, which rail is shown encircling (Figs. 1 and 8). Thepivotalmeans described of connecting memtilts to the right or left of the longitudinal ,center or direction of flight, the weighted member 51 and lever 30 will maintain a substantially vertical position, and the result' will be that by reason of the described connection of the upper end of lever130`with 80 planes 7 and 8 movement will belimparted to the auxiliary planes 7 and 8 through the. 'l medium of llevers 30 and 34and the con-11" nections from lever 30 to said planes, cans-Q ing said auxiliary planesto ,swing upon their axes 13 relatively to plane Bin proper-j 1 tion tothe extent of tilting or dippingof the aeroplanes, wherebylthe angleof iin# cidence to the air of said auxiliary planesv` i l ,p increased or decreased, respectively, and the tendency of the aeroplane to vdip .downf-A wardly on the low side is resisted, as more fully hereinafter explained.

he may grasp a vrail 61 shown carried by up-I i' i right cross braces b of the main frame ofl hangers 53.' Thereby the aviator, suspended in the weight carrying member 51, may, by his own action,'cause member 51 to swing in a desired direction to carry said membery 51 out of its normal position maintained fby f gravity, whereby force is transmitted to the f auxiliary planes to at will vary the anglesY of incidence of said planes, to the air as de?, f sired. v I provide means additional to the planes 7 and 8 to assist automatic regulation or maintenance, or control'at the will of 'the` y i f operator, of the angular or fore and aft rei an auxiliary plane 46 constructed similarly to the auxiliary planes 7 and 8 and disposed 4 more central than said "auxiliary planes,a' in aline between said planes. I havefshown plane 46 las located at the rea the lsuch movements. To this end Ivhave 'shown-v1.25. s

rearward ends. Arm 43 carried by shaft 44 is at its lower end pivotally connected with one end of rod 42, the other end of which carries eye 41 Fig. 8)' through which passes loosely pin 39 having collar 40, said pin being carried by yoke 37. It will be understood that I have in the drawings illustrated said rod 42 diagrammati ally and suggestively and that the same comprises, as suggested by the verticallyA disposed portion thereof shown in Fig. 2, a rocker member pivotally connected and medially rotatively supported, whereby direction of motion imparted by pin 39 is reversed when communicated to arm 43. From this construction it follows that if the machine and its aeroplane tilt in the direction of flight unduly upwardly or downwardly, forward or rearward of its central longitudinal axis, gravity acting upon the weighted member 51 will transmit throughrod 42 force to arm y 43 to rotate shaft 44 and thus modify the angle of incidence to the air of plane 4G to wardly for the purpose.

' resist such undesired dipping and to aid in restoring the aeroplane to its proper position, and will do this automatically, and without action on the part of the aviator. It will also be Vunderstood that the aviator may canse the operation of plane 46 at will by causing movement of weighted member 51 Jforwardly or rearwardly, such as, when seated in said member, the aviator may pull the member forwardly or push it rear- For instance, if the aviator desires to cause the aeroplane to rise or descend he may voluntarily cause weighted member 5l to swing in the proper direction to transmit' desired motion to plane 4C, or by such motion given by him t0 weighted member 51 the aviator may quickly correct any tendency of the aero! plane to deviate-.in an upward or downward direction from the course thc aviator desires,

' hy causing proper movement of plane 40 thronghrsuch desired movement of member 51. ln addition to rail (il being in convenient position to enable the aviator to at will. while sitting in weighted member 51, operate said melilla-,infor the purpose stated, the rail (il. bvl enrirrling hangers 53, will restrain oscillation oi' member 51. oi' vice iersa.' to oppose to an extent oscillation of the aeroplane relativelv to said weighted meriiher.

In order that adjustment between weighted member 51 and the parts connecting the vsame with planes 7 and 8 and 46 may be made, I have shown means whereby the relation of swivel 38 to its normal position respecting member 51 maybe varied at will. and said. swivel left in adjusted position, whereby the normal relative angles of planes 7 and 8 or of plane 46,01` both, to each other or to member 51 may be regulated as circumstances may require. To this end I have shown the following means: `A slidable plate 87 is attached to the bottom of member 51 by screw bolts 92 passing loosely through longitudinal slots 91 in said plate (Fig. 11), said plate also having a transverse slot 90. Swivel 38 is shown pro,-

vided with a threaded bolt 88 which passes through transverse slot 90 of plate 87 and is held in place thereon by nut 89. By adjusting swivel 38 in either direction through slot 90 of plate 87 and fastening swivel 38 in such position7 it will be understoodthat lateral movement is thereby imparted to lever 34 which will cause tilting of lever 30 relatively to its normal position respecti'i'ig weighted member 51, and thereby, as the upper end of lever 30 is swung to a correspending extent to the right or'left, the rods 25 and the connections therefrom to planes 7 and 8 will cause said planes to be tilted in opposite directions more or less Ilrespecting their previous angles with relation to plane B, causing thereby a. change in the normal or previous angles of incidence of said planes to the air, while weighted membei' 51 hangs verticallv, and such new angles of planes 7 and 8 will remain constant with respect to the normal position of said member 51, while swivel 38 remains in such adjusted position duringr movements imparted to planes 7 and S by member 51. Hence, if the aviator finds it desirable at any time to alter the normal or initial angles of the planes 7 and 8 to plane B he may shift swivel 38 t0 the right or left and lock or set the same in aA new -position respecting member 51, and when the aviator desires to restore said planes to their previous initial or other angle respecting plane B. he will again shift swivel 38 and set or lock the i Sflme.

jnsted relatively to each other as last described. A' corresponding fore and aft adjnstnieiit of swivel 38 may be made bythe aviator when desired to canse a change of nornial .relation or angle of-plane 46 'with respect to the normal position ol' weighted member 51. For this purpose I have provided a link 95 secured to and projecting from plate 37, to which link is pivotally connectedlever 96 projectingfupwardly to with-A in convenient reaching distance of the operator. Lever 96 isy fulcrumed to stud 97 attached to said member 51 and may be provided with a locking segment of usual con-v struction 98 and adjuncts usually employed to lock such lever in the desiredposition. By this means as swivel 38 is connected with plate 87 the latter may .be adjusted fore or before described, but the ei'ect will be modifiedin accordance withA such annular position of plane 46. The utility of this arrangement willbe obvious when it is considered that if the aviator ordinarily sits in seat 52 proper balance of the aeroplane, so

far as Athe weight of the aviator 1s concerned, will be maintained, but lshould the aviator :desire to move from the seat, as forwardly to adjust the engine that may be located in front of the seat, his weight thus advanced toward the front of the aeroplane would have a tendency to cause the latter to dip downwardly at the front, but by means of lever 96 and the parts connected ,there with for adjusting plane 46, as the aviator moves forwardly he may adjust lever 96 to a suitable extent to cause angular adjustment of plane l46 to present the vlatter at such angleto the air as willtend or serve to counteractthe weight of the aviator as he moves away from or back-toward-seat 52. Thus, the aviator will feel free to move vfrom seat 52 knowing that he may make an'adjustment to accord in balancing the areoplane with his shifted weightor position. v

-It will be understood that, if desired, the automatic action of my invention may be secured without utilizing the weightof the aviator to that end. In other words, the weighted member 51, tensioned by gravity, may be`loaded by any other weight, including that of other articles or appliances .desirable to be'carried by the machine; also the construction and disposition of member 51 is not confined to that illustrated by the carrier or box. lnFig. 10 I have illustrated fragmentarily and diagrannnatically an alternative construction in weighted member l94 consisting of, or containing, any suficiently heavy article or substance, is secured directly to lever 30, the automatic operation being, as regards the laterally disposed auxiliary planes 7 and 8, :substantially the same asbefore described.

l have. shown flexible' checks 94 (Fig. 4)

n connected with the main frame and-with the planes 7 and 8, which checks may he of cord or chain. Said checks serve to limit undue which the strain on the parts when said` planes are at the greatest strain upon planes 7 and 8. l

As shown in Fig. 2 rods a2 a're extended angleszto the main plane Vthat would cause forwardly and upwardly at the front of the machine-to fend the latter` when alighting.

Supporting wheels a3 are likewise provided as vusual to aid'in supporting the machine and to receive impact when the machine is grounded. To oppose sliding of the ma-y chine laterally when in flight I prefer to cover parts of the machine frame with ver- ,tically disposed fabric C.

The machine may be propelled in any well known manner, as-by an engine and propeller or propellers arranged in any suit,- able relation, such as by having the engine supported in the main frame in front -of the* v aviator. The relative arrangement of the parts will be such thatowhen vthe aeroplane is in equilibrium and the weighted member 51 and lever 30 hang by gravity ina vertical position Vthe adjustment or relative positions of auxiliary planes 7 8 and 46 in connection with member 51 willbe such as to f cause the machine torise from the ground as it is propelled forwardly. lVith'the planes Y 7,-8 and 46 normally, maintained in horizon:

tal relation and the main plane Bl inclined forwardly and upwardly the tendency of 1 i the aeroplane will be to rise, and the aviator may regulate such rising by operating lever 96 to alter the angle of'incidenee of plane 46' to the air as desired, orthe aviator may at will move the seat 51 forwardly to cause plane 46 to incline downwardly and for.A -.wardly to direct the aeroplane upwardly, and the aviator may reverse the position of plane 46 to cause forward and downward` flight of the aeroplane. 1f, however, lthe A' aeroplane during Iiight tends to rise or dip v downwardly, such action will be autol'natically controlled or rectified by reason of the new angle assumed by weighted mem# v ber 51 relatively to the aeroplane causing'.

proper adjustment of plane 46.*'- I'f the aeroplanetcnds to dip to the right or left the new angle or angles assumed by weighted member 51 relative to the main frame will cause lateral movement of lever 30, which by pushing and pulling on rods 25 will causeplanes 7 and 8 simultaneously and equallyto'assume new angles relatively to plane B, the forward edge of one of the lateral planes extending downwardly and the corresponding odge of the other lateral plane rising to present said planes at equal but opposite angles to thcfair, thereby tending to cause thcflow side of plane B to rise and the high side of plane'B to descend,

thereby tending or serving to automatically f A rectify th." lateral tilting of the aeroplane,

1,144,0Lsav previous angle respectingeachother and inV such new angular relation said planes will continue to operate as before described under the influence of weighted member 51. By next pulling upon the proper cord 71 or 72 the aviator may restore planes 7 and 8 to their previous angular relation or change themto such other angle as he may desire.l

2o In addition to the automatic action of planes and S as controlled or influenced by weighted member 51, the aviator may, as desired, by causing movement of member 51` as by grasping rail G1, and pushingor pulling in the desired direction, cause the planes 7 and 8 to assume angles of incidence tothe .air different from theA angles Vsaid planes then would assume under the automatic action of weighted member 51 and then by releasing rail 61 -member 51 will assume its normal hanging position and planes 7 and 8 will assume angles relatively to plane B that correspond to the angular position of said plane respecting member r 51. Likewise, by shifting Weighted member 51 fore or aft plane 46 may be controlled, and by shifting member 51 to an angular `position within either space bounded by lines passing through the longitudinal and 0 transverse aXes ofthe aeroplanes respecting the normal center of member 51, the auxiliary planes 7 and 8 and 46 may be simultaneously adjusted at the will of the aviator to new angles that will accord with the eX- tent of such angular movement the aviator gives to member 51. The'aviator may, at any time, adjust planes 7 and 8 for different angles relatively to plane B by adjusting swivel 88 through slot 90, @hereby the 50 forward edge of one lateral'plane-will be -moved downwardly and the corresponding edge of the other lateral plane will be moved upwardly and said planes be set-in such new angular relation to each other, and the 55 automatic eontrolof said planes, or control thereof at the will of the operator with said planes in such position, will occur until said swivel is again readjusted to its normal or other position, and so on. Adjustment may 50 also he made of plane AH' h v operating lever 9G to set plano i6 in a non' angular relation to the air for control bv member 5l while planes 7 and S arf` set in a position other than normal or otherwise, and 5 with'the planes set in such new adjusted positions the automatic operation, orioperation under the control of the aviator, willv occur in accordance with such angles of such planes. machine laterally toward the 'right he 'grasps rail 6l on his left and by pulling in that direction and somewhat forwardly, with the If the aviator desires to turn theV amount of force required, modifies the angles of incidence to the air of the aeroplane to. cause theleft side of the aeroplane to lift andthe right side to descend, and at the-same time tilts the machine upward in the direction of flight, thus imparting to the machine a turning movement toward the 'right the degree of force exerted by theaviator and consequent voluntary modification f normal relation between the weighted member and the remainder of the machine being graduated from the turning movement to meet the requirements of the case, and describe the desired curve in direction. .After this is completed the operator releases his hold on rail 6l, leaving the weighted member to perform, as before, its` automatic equalizing function during straight flight. The aeroplane vwould be turned to the left by the aviator grasping rail 5l to the right and swinging member 51 in such direction, causing the auxiliary planes to operate correspondingly in manner before described. If it is desired to cause a relatively long flight in an upwardly inclined direction, the aviator' may, by adjustingv lever 96 to the desired extent, cause auxiliary plane 46 to be set respecting member 51 at thedesired angle, and then the automatic `actions during such inclined flight may take place as required, and then if the aviator desires to descend or coast in a downward and forward direction he may again adjust lever relatively to member 5l to set auxiliary plane 46 in the desired position for such flight and the automatic actions describedwill continue to occur. During either of such [lights the aviator may change the angle of plane 46, to the air, without changing its normal set relation to member 5l by imparting to such member 51 the desired movement in a forward or rearward direction relative to the machine as a whole, and then by releasing member 5l the parts will resume automatic action according with their positions relatively tuo 1 ealgiwotlier. For some purpose, as for quick rising, as when starting flight, the aviator may, by pulling on -one of the cords 7l or 7i, set planes 7*'and 8 equally and simultaneously at any desired angle of incidence to the air di flerent from their normal positions when the aeroplane is in equilibrium, such as by causing bot-h planes 7 and 9 to be projected somewhat upwardly at their forward edges, and then automatic action of said planes, d" their action at the will of the aviator, will occur with the 'planes 7 and 8 such relative positions uni tilthe aviator again operates the appropriate cord l71 ory 72 to restore-said planes to thei'r 1 normal or 'other positions, and the aviator may likewise 'set plane 46, by adjusting j lever 96, at such angle as will aid or modify .stuch `.action of planes 7 and 8, and "while f leaving planes 7 and 8 s'etl in lsuch described v. positions relative to each other, hemay alter the position of plane 46 relative to member l; 51, or he may leave plane 46 in such described set position and'alter. the'position of planes 7 and 8 relative to member 51er to eachother, according to circumstances. Again, when the aviator desires to descend he may set the 'auxiliary planes7 and 8 to the required angle of incidence to theair, asin parallelism with each other, and without substantial interference with the previously described regulation lthereof.

- From what has been described it will be understood that thev auxiliary planes when set vin normal position connected `with weighted member 51-will act automaticaly with a tendency to prevent. deviation of the aeroplane from a normal position of equilibrium, and to an extent substantially commensurate with such deviation; also that y:so

said planes may be adjusted relativelyl to each other to continue such automatic actions in such adjusted positions; that'the lateral planes may also be simultaneously adjusted in the same direction vand to an equal extent and will then partake of automatic movements while in such new relative positions, maintaining such positions while one lateral plane is presented at a greater angle to the air than the other, as thegcase may be; that plane 46 may be adjustedas required to accord with adjustment of planes 7 and 8 or irrespective thereof, and further that with'the planes set in any desired positions relatively to plane B or to each other, or both,the ensuing automatic action of said. planes may be supplemented temporarily, or to the extent desired, by thewill of theoperat'or, all wherebyl control of the machine in rising, in

.soaring upwardly or descending, and in alighting is greatly facilitated, which movements may be accomplished gradually and I smoothly or abruptly, and at the same time posits directions.

of my said inventions are not confined to a. j

monoplane, as shown in the drawings, butv are V- equally applicable to loi-planes or tov aeroplanes having any desired number ofmain planes superimposed or otherwise; also that as rudder or otherwise, an additional auxiliary -plane'or planes, rotatable on shafts angularly disposed relatively 'to shafts 13 andg14, may be added and operated either independently of, or in connection with,l

Vthe plane actuating devices described; also that the machine may be provided withy means to generate power, additional to that 'I ofv the operator, .and propelling devices .ac-

` tuated byvsaid means, and that latter'may be controlled and directed by the operator from weightedv'member 51 electrically,

throughl iex'ible 'connections orl otherwise,v

or that said -me'mber,`vl being sufficiently weighted otherwise than by the operators body, the latter-jmay leave same, as and when as'K required, to reach other parts of the machine for purposes of manipulation, repair, etc.,

machine, as hereinbefore, stated, he may set 9o land that when the aviator moves about the or control planef 46 to aid in maintain1n, ij,

proper balance of the aeroplane.

What I claim as new and desire by Letters Patent is the following, viz

1. A flying machine having one or more to secure main planes and provided with movable Q planes, an operating member movably carried by said machme, connections .interposed between said vmember and said mov@ j.

able planes to move them simultaneously -in oppositedirections, means comprlsed 1n said connections to move the parts of said con-- nections in opposite directions to .set said movable planes simultaneously in the same direction, and adjustable devices connecting said operating member with said connections for setting said planes in opposite directions relatively to each other to be operated by said member when set in the same or op- 2. A ying machine having one or more main planes and provided with 'movabley ried by said machine, connections A,between said movable planes and said` member to move said planes in opposite directions by planes, an operating member `movably carthe action of said member, said connections Y comprising an adjustable member to moveparts of said connections relatively to each other, means to lock'said adjustable membery and connections in operative relation tothe first named member, and means to unlocksaid membersto permit relative movement v u of said connections to set said planes in the same direction to be actuated by the operat` ing member when so set.-

3. A flying machine provided with movable planes, an operating'member movably carried. by said machine, connectlons between said plancs to operate them simultanesaid member and with said connections to move themin the same direction, means to tively to each other,

change the relative positions of said connections to vary the angles of said planes relaand means to adjust the position of said lever relatively to said member -to set said planes in opposite directions relatively to each other.

4.- A flying machine having one or more main planes and provided with movable,l

planes carried adjacent to the ends of the main planes, an operating member movably carried by said machine, connections betweenk said movable planes, a horizontally disposed lever movably connected with said member, a lever interposed between said connections and the irst named lever, and means interposed between said member and. said movable planes to adjust said planes in the same direction with respect to their previous vangle relative to the machine, whereby said meni- 'ber will operate said movable planes during changes of position of said member relatively to the machine.

5. A iiying machine having one or more main planes and provided with movable planes carried adjacent to thepends of the main planes, an operating member movably carried by said machine, connections between said movable planes, a horizontally disposed lever movably connected with said niember, a lever interposed between said connections and the first named lever, and means, for adjusting the second named lever with` relation to said member, whereby said mem- .ber will operate said movable planes during changes of position of said member relatively tothe machine.

6. A fiying machine provided with movable planes, an operating member movably carried by said machine, connections between said planes, a lever pivotally carried by said machine andoperatively connected with said member, a rotative head pivotally connected with said lever and comprised in said connections, means to lock said head in adjusted position respecting said lever, and means to at will unlock and adjust said head.

7. A fiying machine provided with movvable planes, an operating member movably carried by said machine, connections between said planes, a lover pivotally carried by said machine and operatively connected with said member, a rotative head pivotally connected with said lever and comprised in said connections, a toothed member connected with said head, pawls carried by said head to engage said toothed member, means to maintain said pawls normally engaging said toothed member, and means to at will op-,'

eratc either ot' said pawls to unlock said head and rotate the same in either direction desired to adjust said planes.

8. A flying machine having one or more nections between said lbell operate them in opposite directions when main planes and provided.: with'inovable planes, an operating member movably suspended from said machine, connections be- -machine and operatively connected with said connections and with the first named lever. 9. A-flying machine provided with movable planes, an opeiatingmember mov-ably suspended from said machine, connections between said movable planes, a horizontally disposed lever carried by said machine and movably connected with said member, an upwardly disposed levercarried by said machine and operatively connected with said connections and with the first named lever, and means to adjust the position of the first named lever with respect to said member.

10. A flying machine provided with movable planes, an operating member movably suspended from said machine, connections between said movable, planes, a horizontally disposed lever carried by said machine, means connecting said lever with said member to permit s'aid member to move freely in the direction of the length 'of said lever, and an upwardly disposed lever carried by said machine and operatively connected with said connections and with the first named lever.

11. A iiying machine provided with movable planeshaving operating arms similarly disposed, bell crank levers machine and connected with said arms, concrank levers to said 'connections move in -one direction, an operating member movably carried by said machine, means movably connecting said member with said connections, and means to adjust said connections with respect to said member to set said planes in opposite directions relatively to each other. i

12.- A iyingmachine having ,one or more main planes and provided with a substantially centrally disposed movable plane, an operating member movably carried by said machine, connections between said plane and said member to operate the former by the latter, means to adjust said member with respect to said connections to vary the initial angle of said plane relatively to said ,connecting said member with said connections, and means to set said lateral planes in i the same direction with respect to their previous initial angle relative to the machine to be actuated by the operating member when so set.

13. A Hying machine having one or more main planes and provided with a substantially centrally disposed movable plane, an

carried by said llO "vffioperating member movably carried by said gamachine, connections between said plane and said member tooperate the former by the latter, and means to adjust said member with respect to said connections to vary the initial angle of said plane relatively to said member, said machine having lateral planes,

'connections between said planes tov move main planes and provided with a substanltially lcentrally disposed movable plane, -an

operating member movably carried by said machine, connections between said plane and said member to operate the former by the latter, means to adjust said member with respect to said connections to vary the in-4 itialV angle of said plane relatively to said member, sa1d machine having lateral planes,

connections between said planes to move them simultaneously, means operatively connecting said member with said'connections, means to set said lateral planes in the same direction with respect to their previous initial angle relatively to the machine, and means to set said lateralframes in opposite directions relatively to each other to be operated by said member while set in the same or opposite directions.

15. A flying machine provided with lateral planes, and a plane located in a line between the lateral planes, a member movably carried by said machine, connections between.

the lateral planes, a horizontally disposed lever carried by the machine andv movably connected with said member, an upwardly n disposed lever operatively connected with the horizontal lever and with the said connections, and means connecting said member with said second named plane.

16. A iying machine provided with lateral planes and a plane'located in a line between the lateral planes, a member movably carried by said machine, connections between the lateral planes, a horizontally disposed levericarried by the machine and movably connected vwith'said member, anl upwardly disposed lever operatively-connected with the horizontal lever, and withl said,

connections, means connecting said member with said second named plane, andA devices member and adjustable transversely of the machine to adjust the lateral planes in opposite directions relatively to each other,'

'connecting said horizontal lever with said said'devices being adjustable longitudinally of the machine with respect to said member to adjust the second named plane relatively to said member.

- JOHN F. OROURKE. Witnesses:

JOHN HUNTER, Jr.,

GEORGE G. MEASURES.

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