US11401375B2 - Flame-retardant polyether polyol as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Flame-retardant polyether polyol as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- US11401375B2 US11401375B2 US16/686,010 US201916686010A US11401375B2 US 11401375 B2 US11401375 B2 US 11401375B2 US 201916686010 A US201916686010 A US 201916686010A US 11401375 B2 US11401375 B2 US 11401375B2
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- YGWIOAKSRMRSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(CCO)CC(C)(C)C Chemical compound CN(CCO)CC(C)(C)C YGWIOAKSRMRSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 0 [1*]C(COC(C)(C)C)O[H] Chemical compound [1*]C(COC(C)(C)C)O[H] 0.000 description 1
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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- C08K5/0066—Flame-proofing or flame-retarding additives
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- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
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Definitions
- the present disclosure belongs to the technical field of macromolecular materials and particularly relates to a flame-retardant polyether polyol as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
- Polyurethane (PU) materials are shortened forms of polyurethanes, are high molecular synthetic materials, of which principal chains contain more carbamate groups, and are generally prepared through subjecting macromolecular polyols such as polyethers, polyesters and polyolefins to step addition polymerization with polyisocyanate and a diol or diamine chain extender, structures of the PU materials can be described with soft segments and hard segments, the polyols such as the polyethers, the polyesters or the polyolefins form the soft segments, and diisocyanate and the chain extender form the hard segments; and the soft segments provide elasticity, toughness and low-temperature performance for the PU materials, and the hard segments provide hardness, strength and modulus performance for the PU materials.
- macromolecular polyols such as polyethers, polyesters and polyolefins
- structures of the PU materials can be described with soft segments and hard segments, the polyols such as the polyethers, the polyesters or the
- the PU materials are emerging organic macromolecular materials and are praised as fifth plastics.
- the PU materials are excellent in performance and great in variety of products, and the products are extensively applied to different fields of light industry, chemical industry, electronics, textiles, medical care, architecture, building materials, automobiles, national defense, spaceflight, aviation, etc.
- Polyurethane foam has a relatively high ratio in the PU materials and is extensively used as a heat-preserving and heat-insulating material of petrochemical pipes, refrigerating equipment, buildings, etc. as the PUF has good physical properties and chemical corrosion resistance and has very high adhesive power with a variety of materials; however, the PUF has a loose and porous structure, the PUF without flame retardant treatment has a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of about 18% and belongs to combustibles, and a great deal of smoke dust and toxic gases will be generated during combustion, so that the flame retardant treatment of the PUF is always a hotspot in researches on the PU materials at present.
- LOI limiting oxygen index
- flame retarding of the PU materials is mainly divided into 2 kinds: one is an additive flame retardant, and the other one is structural flame-retardant, of which a molecular structure contains a flame-retardant structure, also called reactive flame-retardant.
- the additive flame retardant will migrate in the materials along with prolongation of use time, and thus, the flame retardance of the materials is lowered; while the reactive flame-retardant has durable flame retardance, so that PU products have higher heat resistance, dimensional stability and strength and the reactive flame-retardant is focuses of researches at present.
- Polyether polyols are important industrial raw materials for synthesizing the PU materials, and thus, the development of novel polyether polyols with good flame retardance is of far reaching importance in developing the flame retardance of the PU materials.
- a technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to provide a novel flame-retardant polyether polyol and application thereof in preparation of a flame-retardant polyurethane material.
- the present disclosure provides a flame-retardant polyether polyol, synthesized from raw materials including a Mannich base and an epoxide, wherein the epoxide is one or more selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide; and
- Ar is hydroxyl or hydroxyl substituted C1 ⁇ C16 alkyl, R is
- X 1 , X 2 and X 3 independently of each other, represent a halogen.
- a mole ratio of the Mannich base to the epoxide is 1:(1-200).
- X 1 , X 2 and X 3 independently of each other, represent bromo or chloro.
- the Mannich base has a structure represented by a formula (II):
- n is an integer of 1-16
- R is
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 independently of each other, represent bromo or chloro.
- the Mannich base has a structure represented by any of the following formulae (I-1)-(I-12):
- the flame-retardant polyether polyol has a hydroxyl value of 20-900 mgKOH/g.
- the present disclosure provides a preparation method of the flame-retardant polyether polyol, comprising the following steps:
- the mixture produced in the step (1) by mixing the Mannich base with the basic catalyst in the oxygen-free environment is heated up to a temperature of 80-85° C. to produce a heated mixture, and
- the epoxide is introduced into the heated mixture to perform the polymerization reaction in the step (2) at a reaction temperature of 85-100° C. for a period of 1-1.5 h;
- the precursor of the flame-retardant polyether polyol is dewatered at a temperature of 90-100° C. for a period of 0.5-1 h, and then, glacial acetic acid is added thereto for performing the neutralizing treatment.
- a molar ratio of the Mannich base to the epoxide is 1:(1-200).
- the present disclosure provides application of the flame-retardant polyether polyol in a flame-retardant polyurethane material.
- the present disclosure provides a flame-retardant polyurethane material, synthesized from raw materials including the above-mentioned flame-retardant polyether polyol and an isocyanate.
- the flame-retardant polyether polyol accounts for 30-70 parts by mass, and the isocyanate accounts for 125-131.5 parts by mass.
- the raw materials of the flame-retardant polyurethane material in parts by mass, further include 30-70 parts of non-flame-retardant polyether polyol.
- the non-flame-retardant polyether polyol is a polyether polyol prepared by taking sorbitol or saccharose as an initiator.
- the raw materials of the flame-retardant polyurethane material further include 1.5-2.5 parts of foam stabilizer, 20-25 parts of foamer and 1.5-2 parts of catalyst.
- the catalyst is a tertiary amine catalyst.
- the present disclosure has the following advantages:
- the flame-retardant polyether polyol provided by the present disclosure is synthesized from raw materials including the Mannich base and the epoxide, wherein the epoxide is one or more selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide; and the Mannich base has a structure represented by the formula (I).
- the synthesized flame-retardant polyether polyol can serve as an industrial raw material of polyurethane and react with an isocyanate to form a urethane bond and a urea bond, flame-retardant groups are introduced into a principal chain of a polyurethane material, the polyurethane material is subjected to soft-segment flame-retardant modification, and the Mannich base with the structure represented by the formula (I) has flame-retardant groups of a high ratio and serves as an initiating raw material, so that the final obtained flame-retardant polyurethane material has flame-retardant elements of high content, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the polyurethane material is remarkably increased.
- LOI limiting oxygen index
- the flame-retardant polyurethane material is a reactive flame-retardant material obtained through introducing the flame-retardant groups into the principal chain, so that the influence on mechanical properties of the polyurethane material is relatively low, the polyurethane material can have both flame retardance and mechanical properties, and great lowering of mechanical properties such as cracking, powdering or compressive deformation is avoided.
- a tertiary amine structure is introduced into the synthesized flame-retardant polyether polyol, and tertiary amine catalysts are catalysts with high performance employed during synthesis of the polyurethane material.
- the polyether polyol synthesized by the Mannich base with the structure represented by the formula (I) has high flame retardance, and meanwhile, tertiary amido of the Mannich base can catalyze a polymerization reaction between the polyether polyol and an isocyanate, so that the amount of the catalyst required to be used during the synthesis of the polyurethane material is effectively reduced, even, the use of the catalyst is avoided, then, biological toxicity and environmental toxicity during the synthesis of the polyurethane material are lowered, and the environment friendliness of the polyurethane material is improved.
- halogens are symmetrically introduced at the second, fourth and sixth positions of a phenyl group, active hydrogen on the phenyl group is reduced, the occurrence of side reactions when the Mannich base is applied to the synthesis of substances such as the polyether polyol is effectively reduced, then, dimers or polymers resulting from the side reactions are reduced, the viscosity of the synthesized flame-retardant polyether polyol is lowered, and the problems that all ingredients are non-uniform in mixing during the foaming of a polyurethane foam material due to the viscosity of the flame-retardant polyether polyol and the fluidity of material fluid is poor are avoided.
- the preparation method of the flame-retardant polyether polyol includes the steps: (1) mixing the Mannich base with a structure represented by the formula (I) with a basic catalyst in an oxygen-free environment to produce a mixture; (2) performing a polymerization reaction by introducing an epoxide to the mixture to produce a precursor of the flame-retardant polyether polyol; wherein the epoxide is one or more selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide; and (3) dewatering the precursor of the flame-retardant polyether polyol in a vacuum environment, followed by neutralizing treatment to produce the flame-retardant polyether polyol.
- R 1 is H, methyl or ethyl
- the synthesized polyether polyol Due to halogens and nitrogen in the Mannich base, the synthesized polyether polyol has good flame retardance and is suitable for synthesizing flame-retardant polyurethane materials as a polyether raw material.
- the second, fourth and sixth positions of the Mannich base represented by the formula (I) are substituted with the halogens, and active hydrogen of the Mannich base is reduced, so that byproducts during the preparation of the polyether polyol are reduced, and the viscosity of the synthesized flame-retardant polyether polyol is lowered.
- the flame-retardant polyurethane material provided by the present disclosure is prepared from the above-mentioned flame-retardant polyether polyol and the isocyanate which serve as raw materials, a structural flame retardant material is obtained from the flame-retardant polyether polyol through introducing flame-retardant groups into a principal chain of polyurethane, thus, the polyurethane material can contain high content of flame-retardant ingredients, the lowering of flame retardance during use cannot occur, the use safety of the polyurethane material in the fields of architecture, traffic, etc. is improved, and the requirements on high flame retardant rating are met.
- a tertiary amido structure in the flame-retardant polyether polyol has certain autocatalytic performance, so that when the flame-retardant polyether polyol reacts with an isocyanate to produce the flame-retardant polyurethane material, the consumption of the catalyst can be lowered, even, the use of the catalyst can be avoided, the production cost of the flame-retardant polyurethane material is reduced, and the environment friendliness of a synthesis process is improved.
- an isocyanate employed is polymethylenepolyphenyl polyisocyanate (PM200, Yantai Wanhua), a foam stabilizer is a foam stabilizer for hard foam (Momentive L-6900), a foamer is HCFC-141b (monofluorodichloroethane), a polyether polyol taking saccharose as an initiator is Puranol RF 4110 (Shanghai Jiahua), and a polyether polyol taking sorbitol as an initiator is Puranol RF 451 (Shanghai Jiahua).
- PM200 polymethylenepolyphenyl polyisocyanate
- a foam stabilizer is a foam stabilizer for hard foam
- a foamer is HCFC-141b (monofluorodichloroethane)
- a polyether polyol taking saccharose as an initiator is Puranol RF 4110 (Shanghai Jiahua)
- the present embodiment provides a Mannich base with a structure represented by a formula (I-1) as follows:
- the Mannich base represented by the formula (I-1) is prepared through the following steps:
- a reaction route is shown as follows:
- the present embodiment provides a Mannich base with a structure represented by a formula (I-2) as follows:
- the Mannich base represented by the formula (I-2) is prepared through the following steps:
- a reaction route is shown as follows:
- the present embodiment provides a Mannich base with a structure represented by a formula (I-3) as follows:
- the Mannich base represented by the formula (I-3) is prepared through the following steps:
- a reaction route is shown as follows:
- the present embodiment provides a Mannich base with a structure represented by a formula (I-4) as follows:
- the Mannich base represented by the formula (I-4) is prepared through the following steps:
- a reaction route is shown as follows:
- the present embodiment provides a Mannich base with a structure represented by a formula (I-5) as follows:
- the Mannich base represented by the formula (I-5) is prepared through the following steps:
- a reaction route is shown as follows:
- the present embodiment provides a Mannich base with a structure represented by a formula (I-6) as follows:
- the Mannich base represented by the formula (I-6) is prepared through the following steps:
- a reaction route is shown as follows:
- the present embodiment provides a Mannich base with a structure represented by a formula (I-7) as follows:
- the Mannich base represented by the formula (I-7) is prepared through the following steps:
- a reaction route is shown as follows:
- the present embodiment provides a Mannich base with a structure represented by a formula (I-8) as follows:
- the Mannich base represented by the formula (I-8) is prepared through the following steps:
- a reaction route is shown as follows:
- the present embodiment provides a flame-retardant polyether polyol.
- the flame-retardant polyether polyol is synthesized from raw materials including a Mannich base and ethylene oxide, wherein the Mannich base has a structure represented by a formula (I-1):
- a preparation method of the flame-retardant polyether polyol includes the following steps:
- the present embodiment provides a flame-retardant polyether polyol.
- the flame-retardant polyether polyol is synthesized from raw materials including a Mannich base and propylene oxide, wherein the Mannich base has a structure represented by a formula (I-2):
- a preparation method of the flame-retardant polyether polyol includes the following steps:
- step (3) subjecting the precursor of the flame-retardant polyether polyol obtained in the step (2) to vacuum dewatering for a period of 0.5 h at a temperature of 100° C., cooling down, and adding glacial acetic acid for neutralization, thereby obtaining the flame-retardant polyether polyol with a hydroxyl value of 430 ⁇ 470 mgKOH/g and a viscosity of 10000 ⁇ 15000.
- the present embodiment provides a flame-retardant polyether polyol.
- the flame-retardant polyether polyol is synthesized from raw materials including a Mannich base and ethylene oxide, wherein the Mannich base has a structure represented by a formula (I-3):
- a preparation method of the flame-retardant polyether polyol includes the following steps:
- the present embodiment provides a flame-retardant polyether polyol.
- the flame-retardant polyether polyol is synthesized from raw materials including a Mannich base and ethylene oxide, wherein the Mannich base has a structure represented by a formula (I-4):
- a preparation method of the flame-retardant polyether polyol includes the following steps:
- step (3) subjecting the precursor of the flame-retardant polyether polyol obtained in the step (2) to vacuum dewatering for a period of 0.8 h at a temperature of 95° C., cooling down, and adding glacial acetic acid for neutralization, thereby obtaining the flame-retardant polyether polyol with a hydroxyl value of 450 ⁇ 480 mgKOH/g and a viscosity of 10000 ⁇ 15000.
- the present embodiment provides a flame-retardant polyether polyol.
- the flame-retardant polyether polyol is synthesized from raw materials including a Mannich base and ethylene oxide, wherein the Mannich base has a structure represented by a formula (I-5):
- a preparation method of the flame-retardant polyether polyol includes the following steps:
- the present embodiment provides a flame-retardant polyether polyol.
- the flame-retardant polyether polyol is synthesized from raw materials including a Mannich base and propylene oxide, wherein the Mannich base has a structure represented by a formula (I-6):
- a preparation method of the flame-retardant polyether polyol includes the following steps:
- step (3) subjecting the precursor of the flame-retardant polyether polyol obtained in the step (2) to vacuum dewatering for a period of 0.5 h at a temperature of 100° C., cooling down, and adding glacial acetic acid for neutralization, thereby obtaining the flame-retardant polyether polyol with a hydroxyl value of 460 ⁇ 485 mgKOH/g and a viscosity of 10000 ⁇ 15000.
- the present embodiment provides a flame-retardant polyether polyol.
- the flame-retardant polyether polyol is synthesized from raw materials including a Mannich base and ethylene oxide, wherein the Mannich base has a structure represented by a formula (I-7):
- a preparation method of the flame-retardant polyether polyol includes the following steps:
- step (3) subjecting the precursor of the flame-retardant polyether polyol obtained in the step (2) to vacuum dewatering for a period of 0.5 h at a temperature of 90° C., cooling down, and adding glacial acetic acid for neutralization, thereby obtaining the flame-retardant polyether polyol with a hydroxyl value of 460 ⁇ 490 mgKOH/g and a viscosity of 10000 ⁇ 15000.
- the present embodiment provides a flame-retardant polyether polyol.
- the flame-retardant polyether polyol is synthesized from raw materials including a Mannich base and ethylene oxide, wherein the Mannich base has a structure represented by a formula (I-8):
- a preparation method of the flame-retardant polyether polyol includes the following steps:
- a component A of raw materials for synthesizing the flame-retardant polyurethane material includes:
- a component B includes 126 parts of isocyanate.
- the flame-retardant polyurethane material is prepared through the following method:
- a component A of raw materials for synthesizing the flame-retardant polyurethane material includes:
- a component B includes 130 parts of isocyanate.
- a preparation method of the flame-retardant polyurethane material is the same as that in the embodiment 17.
- a component A of raw materials for synthesizing the flame-retardant polyurethane material includes:
- a component B includes 125.5 parts of isocyanate.
- a preparation method of the flame-retardant polyurethane material is the same as that in the embodiment 17.
- a component A of raw materials for synthesizing the flame-retardant polyurethane material includes:
- a component B includes 130.5 parts of isocyanate.
- a preparation method of the flame-retardant polyurethane material is the same as that in the embodiment 17.
- a component A of raw materials for synthesizing the flame-retardant polyurethane material includes:
- a component B includes 130 parts of isocyanate.
- a preparation method of the flame-retardant polyurethane material is the same as that in the embodiment 17.
- a component A of raw materials for synthesizing the flame-retardant polyurethane material includes:
- a component B includes 125.5 parts of isocyanate.
- a preparation method of the flame-retardant polyurethane material is the same as that in the embodiment 17.
- a component A of raw materials for synthesizing the flame-retardant polyurethane material includes:
- a component B includes 125 parts of isocyanate.
- a preparation method of the flame-retardant polyurethane material is the same as that in the embodiment 17.
- a component A of raw materials for synthesizing the flame-retardant polyurethane material includes:
- a component B includes 131.5 parts of isocyanate.
- a preparation method of the flame-retardant polyurethane material is the same as that in the embodiment 17.
- a component A of raw materials for synthesizing the polyurethane material includes:
- a component B includes 126.5 parts of isocyanate.
- a preparation method of the polyurethane material is the same as that in the embodiment 17.
- the flame-retardant polyurethane materials prepared in the embodiments 17-24 of the present disclosure have high compression strength, dimensional stability and oxygen indexes, flame-retardant ratings thereof are high, and the time required for emulsification and gelatination is short. It is indicated that flame retardance of polyurethane materials synthesized by using the flame-retardant polyether polyol provided by the present disclosure is effectively improved, and the materials are accompanied with high mechanical properties; and known from the table 1, after a use proportion of the flame-retardant polyether polyol is increased, reactivity of a system can be obviously improved, and flame retardance of the prepared flame-retardant polyurethane materials is also further improved.
Abstract
Description
a tertiary amine structure is introduced into the synthesized flame-retardant polyether polyol, and tertiary amine catalysts are catalysts with high performance employed during synthesis of the polyurethane material. The polyether polyol synthesized by the Mannich base with the structure represented by the formula (I) has high flame retardance, and meanwhile, tertiary amido of the Mannich base can catalyze a polymerization reaction between the polyether polyol and an isocyanate, so that the amount of the catalyst required to be used during the synthesis of the polyurethane material is effectively reduced, even, the use of the catalyst is avoided, then, biological toxicity and environmental toxicity during the synthesis of the polyurethane material are lowered, and the environment friendliness of the polyurethane material is improved.
(R1 is H, methyl or ethyl), thereby preparing the polyether polyol. Due to halogens and nitrogen in the Mannich base, the synthesized polyether polyol has good flame retardance and is suitable for synthesizing flame-retardant polyurethane materials as a polyether raw material. In addition, the second, fourth and sixth positions of the Mannich base represented by the formula (I) are substituted with the halogens, and active hydrogen of the Mannich base is reduced, so that byproducts during the preparation of the polyether polyol are reduced, and the viscosity of the synthesized flame-retardant polyether polyol is lowered.
TABLE 1 |
Test on product performance of flame-retardant polyurethane materials |
Flame- | Compression | Dimensional | ||||||
retardant | Non- | strength | stability | Flame- | ||||
polyurethane | Cream | Gel | sticky | Density/ | (deformation | (70° C., | Oxygen | retardant |
materials | time/s | time/s | time/s | Kg/m3 | 10%)/kPa | 48 h)/% | index | Rating |
Embodiment 17 | 9 | 41 | 79 | 25 | 150 | <1.0 | 32 | B1 |
Embodiment 18 | 12 | 46 | 84 | 27 | 162 | <1.0 | 29 | B1 |
Embodiment 19 | 14 | 47 | 86 | 28 | 165 | <1.0 | 26 | B2 |
Embodiment 20 | 19 | 53 | 90 | 31 | 170 | <1.0 | 24 | B2 |
Embodiment 21 | 8 | 41 | 74 | 26 | 157 | <1.0 | 32 | B1 |
Embodiment 22 | 20 | 64 | 103 | 31 | 172 | <1.0 | 25 | B2 |
Embodiment 23 | 9 | 42 | 76 | 26 | 160 | <1.0 | 32 | B1 |
Embodiment 24 | 13 | 45 | 82 | 27 | 162 | <1.0 | 25 | B2 |
Embodiment 25 | 24 | 74 | 117 | 31 | 140 | <1.0 | 21 | B3 |
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